메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 623-633

Time dependence and freezing-in of the electrode oxygen plasma-induced work function enhancement in polymer semiconductor heterostructures

Author keywords

Conjugated polymer devices; Contacts; Energy level alignment; Organic semiconductors; Plasma treatment

Indexed keywords

CONJUGATED POLYMERS; CONTACTS (FLUID MECHANICS); GOLD; INDIUM COMPOUNDS; OXYGEN; PLASMA APPLICATIONS; PLATINUM; SEMICONDUCTING INDIUM; SEMICONDUCTING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; TIN OXIDES; ULTRAHIGH VACUUM; WORK FUNCTION;

EID: 79851512705     PISSN: 15661199     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2011.01.015     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (53)

References (73)
  • 1
    • 66149149792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy-level alignment at organic/metal and organic/organic interfaces
    • S. Braun, W.R. Salaneck, and M. Fahlman Energy-level alignment at organic/metal and organic/organic interfaces Advanced Materials 21 2009 1450 1472
    • (2009) Advanced Materials , vol.21 , pp. 1450-1472
    • Braun, S.1    Salaneck, W.R.2    Fahlman, M.3
  • 2
    • 0037421382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conjugated organic molecules on metal versus polymer electrodes: Demonstration of a key energy level alignment mechanism
    • N. Koch, A. Kahn, J. Ghijsen, J.J. Pireaux, J. Schwartz, R.L. Johnson, and A. Elschner Conjugated organic molecules on metal versus polymer electrodes: demonstration of a key energy level alignment mechanism Applied Physics Letters 82 2003 70 72
    • (2003) Applied Physics Letters , vol.82 , pp. 70-72
    • Koch, N.1    Kahn, A.2    Ghijsen, J.3    Pireaux, J.J.4    Schwartz, J.5    Johnson, R.L.6    Elschner, A.7
  • 3
    • 0011336568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy level alignment and interfacial electronic structures at organic/metal and organic/organic interfaces
    • H. Ishii, K. Sugiyama, E. Ito, and K. Seki Energy level alignment and interfacial electronic structures at organic/metal and organic/organic interfaces Advanced Materials 11 1999 605 625 (Pubitemid 129675481)
    • (1999) Advanced Materials , vol.11 , Issue.8 , pp. 605-625
    • Ishii, H.1    Sugiyama, K.2    Ito, E.3    Seki, K.4
  • 5
    • 0034299266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability and characterization of large area polymer light-emitting diodes over extended periods
    • I.G. Hill, D. Milliron, J. Schwartz, and A. Kahn Stability and characterization of large area polymer light-emitting diodes over extended periods Applied Surface Science 166 2000 354 362
    • (2000) Applied Surface Science , vol.166 , pp. 354-362
    • Hill, I.G.1    Milliron, D.2    Schwartz, J.3    Kahn, A.4
  • 6
    • 0242386370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic structure and electrical properties of interfaces between metals and pi-conjugated molecular films
    • A. Kahn, N. Koch, and W. Gao Electronic structure and electrical properties of interfaces between metals and pi-conjugated molecular films Journal of Polymer Science: B 41 2003 2529 2548
    • (2003) Journal of Polymer Science: B , vol.41 , pp. 2529-2548
    • Kahn, A.1    Koch, N.2    Gao, W.3
  • 7
    • 0017556846 scopus 로고
    • The work function of the elements and its periodicity
    • H.B. Michaelson The work function of the elements and its periodicity Journal of Applied Physics 48 1977 4729 4733
    • (1977) Journal of Applied Physics , vol.48 , pp. 4729-4733
    • Michaelson, H.B.1
  • 9
    • 0034030924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organic electroluminescent devices: Enhanced carrier injection using SAM derivatized ITO electrodes
    • S.F.J. Appleyard, S.R. Day, R.D. Pickford, and M.R. Willis Organic electroluminescent devices: enhanced carrier injection using SAM derivatized ITO electrodes Journal of Materials Chemistry 10 2000 169 173
    • (2000) Journal of Materials Chemistry , vol.10 , pp. 169-173
    • Appleyard, S.F.J.1    Day, S.R.2    Pickford, R.D.3    Willis, M.R.4
  • 10
    • 16244404981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tuning of metal work functions with self-assembled monolayers
    • DOI 10.1002/adma.200401216
    • B. de Boer, A. Hadipour, M.M. Mandoc, T. van Woundenbergh, and P.W.M. Blom Tuning of metal work functions with self-assembled monolayers Advanced Materials 17 2005 621 625 (Pubitemid 40448720)
    • (2005) Advanced Materials , vol.17 , Issue.5 , pp. 621-625
    • De Boer, B.1    Hadipour, A.2    Mandoc, M.M.3    Van Woudenbergh, T.4    Blom, P.W.M.5
  • 12
    • 38049064831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-assembled monolayers of protonated poly(amidoamine) dendrimers on indium-tin oxide
    • G. Latini, M. Wykes, R. Schlapak, R. Howorka, and F. Cacialli Self-assembled monolayers of protonated poly(amidoamine) dendrimers on indium-tin oxide Applied Physics Letters 92 2008 013511
    • (2008) Applied Physics Letters , vol.92 , pp. 013511
    • Latini, G.1    Wykes, M.2    Schlapak, R.3    Howorka, R.4    Cacialli, F.5
  • 13
    • 77954282843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability of optical and electroluminescence properties of a semiconducting polymer over a decade
    • G. Winroth, S. Brovelli, R. Daik, W.J. Feast, and F. Cacialli Stability of optical and electroluminescence properties of a semiconducting polymer over a decade Organic Electronics 11 2010 1445 1448
    • (2010) Organic Electronics , vol.11 , pp. 1445-1448
    • Winroth, G.1    Brovelli, S.2    Daik, R.3    Feast, W.J.4    Cacialli, F.5
  • 14
    • 0026881230 scopus 로고
    • Flexible light-emitting diodes made from soluble conducting polymers
    • DOI 10.1038/357477a0
    • G. Gustafsson, Y. Cao, G.M. Treacy, F. Klavetter, N. Colaneri, and A.J. Heeger Flexible light-emitting diodes made from soluble conducting polymers Nature 357 1992 477 479 (Pubitemid 23571387)
    • (1992) Nature , vol.357 , Issue.6378 , pp. 477-479
    • Gustafsson, G.1    Cao, Y.2    Treacy, G.M.3    Klavetter, F.4    Colaneri, N.5    Heeger, A.J.6
  • 15
    • 0031124386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymeric anodes for improved polymer light-emitting diode performance
    • S.A. Carter, M. Angelopoulos, S. Karg, P.J. Brock, and J.C. Scott Polymeric anodes for improved polymer light-emitting diode performance Applied Physics Letters 70 1997 2067 2069 (Pubitemid 127611267)
    • (1997) Applied Physics Letters , vol.70 , Issue.16 , pp. 2067-2069
    • Carter, S.A.1    Angelopoulos, M.2    Karg, S.3    Brock, P.J.4    Scott, J.C.5
  • 16
    • 0000927108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Built-in field electroabsorption spectroscopy of polymer light-emitting diodes incorporating a doped poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) hole injection layer
    • T.M. Brown, J.S. Kim, R.H. Friend, F. Cacialli, R. Daik, and W.J. Feast Built-in field electroabsorption spectroscopy of polymer light-emitting diodes incorporating a doped poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) hole injection layer Applied Physics Letters 75 1999 1679 1681 (Pubitemid 129562464)
    • (1999) Applied Physics Letters , vol.75 , Issue.12 , pp. 1679-1681
    • Brown, T.M.1    Kim, J.S.2    Friend, R.H.3    Cacialli, F.4    Daik, R.5    Feast, W.J.6
  • 17
    • 0032534440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indium-tin oxide treatments for single- and double-layer polymeric light-emitting diodes: The relation between the anode physical, chemical, and morphological properties and the device performance
    • J.S. Kim, M. Granström, R.H. Friend, N. Johansson, W.R. Salaneck, R. Daik, W.J. Feast, and F. Cacialli Indium-tin oxide treatments for single- and double-layer polymeric light-emitting diodes: the relation between the anode physical chemical and morphological properties and the device performance Journal of Applied Physics 84 1998 6859 6870 (Pubitemid 128622401)
    • (1998) Journal of Applied Physics , vol.84 , Issue.12 , pp. 6859-6870
    • Kim, J.S.1    Granstrom, M.2    Friend, R.H.3    Johansson, N.4    Salaneck, W.R.5    Daik, R.6    Feast, W.J.7    Cacialli, F.8
  • 20
    • 2542510338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kelvin probe investigations of metal work functions and correlation to device performance of organic light-emitting devices
    • T.A. Beierlein, W. Bruetting, H. Riel, E.I. Haskal, P. Mueller, and W. Riess Kelvin probe investigations of metal work functions and correlation to device performance of organic light-emitting devices Synthetic Metals 111-112 2000 295 297
    • (2000) Synthetic Metals , vol.111-112 , pp. 295-297
    • Beierlein, T.A.1    Bruetting, W.2    Riel, H.3    Haskal, E.I.4    Mueller, P.5    Riess, W.6
  • 22
    • 0037459292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vibrational analysis of oxygen-plasma treated indium tin oxide
    • DOI 10.1016/S0009-2614(03)00177-5, PII S0009261403001775
    • P. He, S.D. Wang, W.K. Wong, L.F. Cheng, C.S. Lee, S.T. Lee, and S.Y. Liu Vibrational analysis of oxygen-plasma treated indium tin oxide Chemical Physics Letters 370 2003 795 798 (Pubitemid 36325064)
    • (2003) Chemical Physics Letters , vol.370 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 795-798
    • He, P.1    Wang, S.D.2    Wong, W.K.3    Cheng, L.F.4    Lee, C.S.5    Lee, S.T.6    Liu, S.Y.7
  • 23
    • 0036025988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-plasma-treated indium-tin-oxide (ITO) anodes for organic light-emitting-device applications
    • 2-plasma-treated indium-tin-oxide (ITO) anodes for organic light-emitting-device applications Journal of the Korean Physical Society 41 2002 395 399
    • (2002) Journal of the Korean Physical Society , vol.41 , pp. 395-399
    • Kim, H.1    Lee, J.2    Park, C.3    Park, Y.4
  • 24
    • 0031099608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface modification of indium tin oxide by plasma treatment: An effective method to improve the efficiency, brightness, and reliability of organic light emitting devices
    • C.C. Wu, C.I. Wu, J.C. Sturm, and A. Kahn Surface modification of indium tin oxide by plasma treatment: an effective method to improve the efficiency, brightness and reliability of organic light emitting devices Applied Physics Letters 70 1997 1348 1350 (Pubitemid 127641728)
    • (1997) Applied Physics Letters , vol.70 , Issue.11 , pp. 1348-1350
    • Wu, C.C.1    Wu, C.I.2    Sturm, J.C.3    Kahn, A.4
  • 25
    • 0033747421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of organic electroluminescent device performance by in situ plasma treatment of indium-tin-oxide surface
    • M. Ishii, T. Mori, H. Fujikawa, S. Tokito, and Y. Taga Improvement of organic electroluminescent device performance by in situ plasma treatment of indium-tin-oxide surface Journal of Luminescence 87-9 2000 1165 1167
    • (2000) Journal of Luminescence , vol.879 , pp. 1165-1167
    • Ishii, M.1    Mori, T.2    Fujikawa, H.3    Tokito, S.4    Taga, Y.5
  • 28
    • 0032615340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of treated indium-tin-oxide surfaces used in electroluminescent devices
    • M.G. Mason, L.S. Hung, C.W. Tang, S.T. Lee, K.W. Wong, and M. Wang Characterization of treated indium-tin-oxide surfaces used in electroluminescent devices Journal of Applied Physics 86 1999 1688 1692 (Pubitemid 129307272)
    • (1999) Journal of Applied Physics , vol.86 , Issue.3 , pp. 1688-1692
    • Mason, M.G.1    Hung, L.S.2    Tang, C.W.3    Lee, S.T.4    Wong, K.W.5    Wang, M.6
  • 30
    • 0028539273 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of properties of polymeric light-emitting-diodes over extended periods
    • F. Cacialli, R.H. Friend, S.C. Moratti, and A.B. Holmes Characterization of properties of polymeric light-emitting-diodes over extended periods Synthetic Metals 67 1994 157 160
    • (1994) Synthetic Metals , vol.67 , pp. 157-160
    • Cacialli, F.1    Friend, R.H.2    Moratti, S.C.3    Holmes, A.B.4
  • 31
    • 77955732345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interfacial dipole dynamics of light-emitting diodes incorporating a polyamidoamine dendrimer monolayer
    • G. Winroth, O. Fenwick, M.A. Scott, D. Yip, S. Howorka, and F. Cacialli Interfacial dipole dynamics of light-emitting diodes incorporating a polyamidoamine dendrimer monolayer Applied Physics Letters 97 2010
    • (2010) Applied Physics Letters , vol.97
    • Winroth, G.1    Fenwick, O.2    Scott, M.A.3    Yip, D.4    Howorka, S.5    Cacialli, F.6
  • 34
    • 34247584632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of subgap features in the electromodulation and built-in voltage measurements of polyfluorene blue light-emitting diodes with anodic charge injection layers
    • V. Bodrozic, M. Roberts, N. Phillips, J.H. Burroughes, S. Mian, and F. Cacialli The influence of subgap features in the electromodulation and built-in voltage measurements of polyfluorene blue light-emitting diodes with anodic charge injection layers Journal of Applied Physics 101 2007
    • (2007) Journal of Applied Physics , vol.101
    • Bodrozic, V.1    Roberts, M.2    Phillips, N.3    Burroughes, J.H.4    Mian, S.5    Cacialli, F.6
  • 35
    • 0016980534 scopus 로고
    • Piezoelectric driven Kelvin probe for contact potential difference studies
    • K. Besocke, and S. Berger Piezoelectric driven Kelvin probe for contact potential difference studies Review of Scientific Instruments 47 1976 840 842
    • (1976) Review of Scientific Instruments , vol.47 , pp. 840-842
    • Besocke, K.1    Berger, S.2
  • 36
    • 0000045426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practical aspects of Kelvin probe force microscopy
    • H.O. Jacobs, H.F. Knapp, and A. Stemmer Practical aspects of Kelvin probe force microscopy Review of Scientific Instruments 70 1999 1756 1760 (Pubitemid 129578539)
    • (1999) Review of Scientific Instruments , vol.70 , Issue.3 , pp. 1756-1760
    • Jacobs, H.O.1    Knapp, H.F.2    Stemmer, A.3
  • 38
    • 0028495804 scopus 로고
    • Work function measurement in gas ambient
    • W.N. Hansen, and K.B. Johnson Work function measurement in gas ambient Surface Science 316 1994 373 382
    • (1994) Surface Science , vol.316 , pp. 373-382
    • Hansen, W.N.1    Johnson, K.B.2
  • 39
    • 0035838043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standard reference surfaces for work function measurements in air
    • DOI 10.1016/S0039-6028(01)01036-6, PII S0039602801010366
    • W.N. Hansen, and G.J. Hansen Standard reference surfaces for work function measurements in air Surface Science 481 2001 172 184 (Pubitemid 32543643)
    • (2001) Surface Science , vol.481 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 172-184
    • Hansen, W.N.1    Hansen, G.J.2
  • 40
    • 0039382261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kelvin probe ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements of indium tin oxide workfunction: A comparison
    • J.S. Kim, B. Lagel, E. Moons, N. Johansson, I. Baikie, W.R. Salaneck, R.H. Friend, and F. Cacialli Kelvin probe ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements of indium tin oxide workfunction: a comparison Synthetic Metals 111-112 2000 311 314
    • (2000) Synthetic Metals , vol.111-112 , pp. 311-314
    • Kim, J.S.1    Lagel, B.2    Moons, E.3    Johansson, N.4    Baikie, I.5    Salaneck, W.R.6    Friend, R.H.7    Cacialli, F.8
  • 41
    • 79952455859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ph.D. Thesis, Cambridge University
    • T.M. Brown, Ph.D. Thesis, Cambridge University, 2001.
    • (2001)
    • Brown, T.M.1
  • 42
    • 0032622103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High performance organic polymer light-emitting heterostructure devices
    • Y. He, S. Gong, R. Hattori, and J. Kanicki High performance organic polymer light-emitting heterostructure devices Applied Physics Letters 74 1999 2265 2267 (Pubitemid 129310414)
    • (1999) Applied Physics Letters , vol.74 , Issue.16 , pp. 2265-2267
    • He, Y.1    Gong, S.2    Hattori, R.3    Kanicki, J.4
  • 43
    • 0001281012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrochemical determination of the ionization potential and electron affinity of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene)
    • DOI 10.1063/1.122479, PII S0003695198008432
    • S. Janietz, D.D.C. Bradley, M. Grell, C. Giebeler, M. Inbasekaran, and E.P. Woo Electrochemical determination of the ionization potential electron affinity of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) Applied Physics Letters 73 1998 2453 2455 (Pubitemid 128672422)
    • (1998) Applied Physics Letters , vol.73 , Issue.17 , pp. 2453-2455
    • Janietz, S.1    Bradley, D.D.C.2    Grell, M.3    Giebeler, C.4    Inbasekaran, M.5    Woo, E.P.6
  • 45
    • 7244260395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct measurement of conjugated polymer electronic excitation energies using metal/polymer/metal structures
    • I.H. Campbell, T.W. Hagler, D.L. Smith, and J.P. Ferraris Direct measurement of conjugated polymer electronic excitation energies using metal/polymer/metal structures Physical Review Letters 76 1996 1900 1903 (Pubitemid 126638895)
    • (1996) Physical Review Letters , vol.76 , Issue.11 , pp. 1900-1903
    • Campbell, I.H.1    Hagler, T.W.2    Smith, D.L.3    Ferraris, J.P.4
  • 46
    • 0042328485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic structure of hybrid interfaces of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene)
    • G. Greczynski, M. Fahlman, and W.R. Salaneck Electronic structure of hybrid interfaces of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) Chemical Physics Letters 321 2000 379 384
    • (2000) Chemical Physics Letters , vol.321 , pp. 379-384
    • Greczynski, G.1    Fahlman, M.2    Salaneck, W.R.3
  • 47
    • 79952446184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internal fields and electrode interfaces in organic semiconductor devices: Noninvasive investigations via electroabsorption
    • T.M. Brown, and F. Cacialli Internal fields and electrode interfaces in organic semiconductor devices: noninvasive investigations via electroabsorption T. Skotheim, J. Reynolds, Handbook of Conducting Polymers 2007 CRC Press - Taylor and Francis New York 19.11 19.49
    • (2007) Handbook of Conducting Polymers , pp. 1911-1949
    • Brown, T.M.1    Cacialli, F.2
  • 48
    • 2442628359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliable and reproducible determination of work function and ionization potentials of layers and surfaces relevant to organic light emitting diodes
    • S.M. Tadayyon, H.M. Grandin, K. Griffiths, L.L. Coatsworth, P.R. Norton, H. Aziz, and Z.D. Popovic Reliable and reproducible determination of work function and ionization potentials of layers and surfaces relevant to organic light emitting diodes Organic Electronics 5 2004 199 205
    • (2004) Organic Electronics , vol.5 , pp. 199-205
    • Tadayyon, S.M.1    Grandin, H.M.2    Griffiths, K.3    Coatsworth, L.L.4    Norton, P.R.5    Aziz, H.6    Popovic, Z.D.7
  • 49
    • 0035953945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanoscale electrical conductivity and surface spectroscopic studies of indium-tin oxide
    • Y.-H. Liau, N.F. Scherer, and K. Rhodes Nanoscale electrical conductivity and surface spectroscopic studies of indium-tin oxide Journal of Physical Chemistry B 105 2001 3282 3288
    • (2001) Journal of Physical Chemistry B , vol.105 , pp. 3282-3288
    • Liau, Y.-H.1    Scherer, N.F.2    Rhodes, K.3
  • 51
    • 0030174018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conjugated polymer surfaces and interfaces: A mini-review and some new results
    • DOI 10.1016/S0379-6779(96)03692-2, PII S0379677996036922
    • J. Bigerson, M. Fahlman, P. Broms, and W.R. Salaneck Conjugated polymer surfaces and interfaces: a mini review and some new results Synthetic Metals 80 1996 125 130 (Pubitemid 126372035)
    • (1996) Synthetic Metals , vol.80 , Issue.2 , pp. 125-130
    • Birgerson, J.1    Fahlman, M.2    Broms, P.3    Salaneck, W.R.4
  • 53
    • 0033891547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of oxygen with Pt(210): Formation of new oxygen states at higher exposures
    • DOI 10.1016/S0039-6028(99)01173-5
    • M. Berdau, S. Moldenhauer, A. Hammoudeh, J.H. Block, and K. Christmann Interaction of oxygen with Pt(210): formation of new oxygen states at higher exposures Surface Science 446 2000 323 333 (Pubitemid 30551875)
    • (2000) Surface Science , vol.446 , Issue.3 , pp. 323-333
    • Berdau, M.1    Moldenhauer, S.2    Hammoudeh, A.3    Block, J.H.4    Christmann, K.5
  • 56
    • 33749009309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elimination of hole injection barriers by conducting polymer anodes in polyfluorene light-emitting diodes
    • P.A. Lane, P.J. Brewer, J.S. Huang, D.D.C. Bradley, and J.C. deMello Elimination of hole injection barriers by conducting polymer anodes in polyfluorene light-emitting diodes Physical Review B 74 2006 125320
    • (2006) Physical Review B , vol.74 , pp. 125320
    • Lane, P.A.1    Brewer, P.J.2    Huang, J.S.3    Bradley, D.D.C.4    Demello, J.C.5
  • 57
    • 0035899232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modification of indium tin oxide for improved hole injection in organic light emitting diodes
    • DOI 10.1002/1521-4095(200108)13:16<1234::AID-ADMA1234>3.0.CO;2-R
    • Y. Shen, D.B. Jacobs, G.G. Malliaras, G. Koley, M.G. Spencer, and A. Ioannidis Modification of indium tin oxide for improved hole injection in organic light emitting diodes Advanced Materials 13 2001 1234 1238 (Pubitemid 32829945)
    • (2001) Advanced Materials , vol.13 , Issue.16 , pp. 1234-1238
    • Shen, Y.1    Jacobs, D.B.2    Malliaras, G.G.3    Koley, G.4    Spencer, M.G.5    Ioannidis, A.6
  • 58
    • 77955148181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between the built-in voltage in organic light-emitting diodes and the zero-field voltage as measured by electroabsorption
    • R.J. de Vries, S.L.M. van Mensfoort, R.A.J. Janssen, and R. Coehoorn Relation between the built-in voltage in organic light-emitting diodes and the zero-field voltage as measured by electroabsorption Physical Review B 81 2010
    • (2010) Physical Review B , vol.81
    • De Vries, R.J.1    Van Mensfoort, S.L.M.2    Janssen, R.A.J.3    Coehoorn, R.4
  • 61
    • 0000221646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient and steady-state space-charge-limited currents in polyfluorene copolymer diode structures with ohmic hole injecting contacts
    • A.J. Campbell, D.D.C. Bradley, H. Antoniadis, M. Inbasekaran, W.S.W. Wu, and E.P. Woo Transient and steady-state space-charge-limited currents in polyfluorene copolymer diode structures with ohmic hole injecting contacts Applied Physics Letters 76 2000 1734 1736
    • (2000) Applied Physics Letters , vol.76 , pp. 1734-1736
    • Campbell, A.J.1    Bradley, D.D.C.2    Antoniadis, H.3    Inbasekaran, M.4    Wu, W.S.W.5    Woo, E.P.6
  • 66
    • 35348918815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy level alignment of electrically doped hole transport layers with transparent and conductive indium tin oxide and polymer anodes
    • K. Fehse, S. Olthof, K. Walzer, K. Leo, R.L. Johnson, H. Glowatzki, B. Broker, and N. Koch Energy level alignment of electrically doped hole transport layers with transparent and conductive indium tin oxide and polymer anodes Journal of Applied Physics 102 2007
    • (2007) Journal of Applied Physics , vol.102
    • Fehse, K.1    Olthof, S.2    Walzer, K.3    Leo, K.4    Johnson, R.L.5    Glowatzki, H.6    Broker, B.7    Koch, N.8
  • 68
    • 17644447685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymer photovoltaic detectors: Progress and recent developments
    • P. Schilinsky, C. Waldauf, J. Hauch, and C.J. Brabec Polymer photovoltaic detectors: progress and recent developments Thin Solid Films 451 2004 105 108
    • (2004) Thin Solid Films , vol.451 , pp. 105-108
    • Schilinsky, P.1    Waldauf, C.2    Hauch, J.3    Brabec, C.J.4
  • 69
    • 79952447236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High performance polymer photovoltaic cells and photodetectors
    • Z.H. Kafafi (Ed.)
    • G. Yu, G. Srdanov, H.L. Wang, Y. Cao, A.J. Heeger, High performance polymer photovoltaic cells and photodetectors, in: Z.H. Kafafi (Ed.), Organic Photovoltaics, 2000, pp. 48-56.
    • (2000) Organic Photovoltaics , pp. 48-56
    • Yu, G.1    Srdanov, G.2    Wang, H.L.3    Cao, Y.4    Heeger, A.J.5
  • 72
    • 46049113688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air-stable inverted flexible polymer solar cells using zinc oxide nanoparticles as an electron selective layer
    • S.K. Hau, H.L. Yip, N.S. Baek, J.Y. Zou, K. O'Malley, and A.K.Y. Jen Air-stable inverted flexible polymer solar cells using zinc oxide nanoparticles as an electron selective layer Applied Physics Letters 92 2008
    • (2008) Applied Physics Letters , vol.92
    • Hau, S.K.1    Yip, H.L.2    Baek, N.S.3    Zou, J.Y.4    O'Malley, K.5    Jen, A.K.Y.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.