Longterm stability of efficient inverted P3HT:PCBM solar cells

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Volumn 93, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 491-496

  Zimmermann, B ^a   Wurfel U ^a   Niggemann, M ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG   (Germany)

^b FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS ISE   (Germany)

Author keywords

Ageing; Cathode; Degradation; Electrodes; Interfaces; Lifetime

Indexed keywords

AUGER ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; CATHODES; CHROMIUM; CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; DEGRADATION; ELECTRIC CONTACTS; ELECTROCHEMICAL ELECTRODES; ELECTRODES; ELECTRONS; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; SOLAR ENERGY; SOLAR EQUIPMENT; SULFUR; TITANIUM;

AGEING; AUGER ELECTRONS; CATHODE; CONTACT MATERIALS; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; GLASS PLATES; INITIAL EFFICIENCIES; INTERFACES; LAYER SEQUENCES; LIFETIME; LIGHT INTENSITIES; LONG-TERM STABILITIES; ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS; PHOTOACTIVE LAYERS; PLASMA LAMPS; POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCIES; STATE-OF-THE-ART DEVICES; SYSTEMATIC STUDIES;

SOLAR CELLS;

EID: 60449105112     PISSN: 09270248     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2008.12.022     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Green M.A., Emery K., Hishikawa Y., and Warta W. Solar cell efficiency tables (version 31). Progress in Photovoltaics 16 1 (2008) 61-67
2. Zimmermann B., Glatthaar M., Niggemann M., Riede M.K., Hinsch A., and Gombert A. ITO-free wrap through organic solar cells-a module concept for cost-efficient reel-to-reel production. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 91 5 (2007) 374-378
3. B. Zimmermann, Inversion of the layer sequence in organic solar cells-physical and technological aspects, Ph.D. Thesis, Universität Freiburg, June 2008.
4. Glatthaar M., Niggemann M., Zimmermann B., Lewer P., Riede M., Hinsch A., and Luther J. Organic solar cells using inverted layer sequence. Thin Solid Films 491 1-2 (2005) 298-300
5. Zimmermann B., Glatthaar M., Niggemann M., Riede K.M., Ziegler A., and Gombert T. Organic solar cells with inverted layer sequence incorporating optical spacers-simulation and experiment. SPIE-Organic Optoelectronics and Photonics 6197 (2006)
6. Ranby B. Photodegradation and photo-oxidation of synthetic polymers. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 15 (1989) 237-247
7. Eichinger K., and Kritzinger F. Infrared spectroscopic detection of sulphone groups in doped polybenzo[c]thiophenes. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy 47 5 (1991) 661-664
8. Abdou M.S.A., Diazguijada G.A., Arroyo M.I., and Holdcroft S. Photoimaging of electronically conducting polymeric networks. Chemistry of Materials 3 6 (1991) 1003-1006
9. Abdou M.S.A., and Holdcroft S. Mechanisms of photodegradation of poly(3-alkylthiophenes) in solution. Macromolecules 26 11 (1993) 2954-2962
10. Abdou M.S.A., and Holdcroft S. Solid-state photochemistry of pi-conjugated poly(3-alkylthiophenes). Canadian Journal of Chemistry-Revue Canadienne De Chimie 73 11 (1995) 1893-1901
11. 70 films. Thin Solid Films 257 2 (1995) 185-203
12. Wood J.M., Kahr B., Hoke S.H., Dejarme L., Cooks R.G., and Benamotz D. Oxygen and methylene adducts of C-60 and C-70. Journal of the American Chemical Society 113 15 (1991) 5907-5908
13. Creegan K.M., Robbins J.L., Robbins W.K., Millar J.M., Sherwood R.D., TindallL P.J., Cox D.M., Smith A.B., Mccauley J.P., Jones D.R., and Gallagher R.T. Synthesis and characterization of (C60)O, the 1st fullerene epoxide. Journal of the American Chemical Society 114 3 (1992) 1103-1105
14. Holdcroft S. Photochain scission of the soluble electronically conducting polymer-poly(3-hexylthiophene). Macromolecules 24 8 (1991) 2119-2121
15. Neugebauer H., Brabec C., Hummelen J.C., and Sariciftci N.S. Stability and photodegradation mechanisms of conjugated polymer/fullerene plastic solar cells. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 61 1 (2000) 35-42
16. Padinger F., Fromherz T., Denk P., Brabec C.J., Zettner J., Hierl T., and Sariciftci N.S. Degradation of bulk heterojunction solar cells operated in an inert gas atmosphere: a systematic study. Synthetic Metals 121 1-3 (2001) 1605-1606
17. Kroon J.M., Wienk M.M., Verhees W.J.H., and Hummelen J.C. Accurate efficiency determination and stability studies of conjugated polymer/fullerene solar cells. Thin Solid Films 403 (2002) 223-228
18. Jeranko T., Tributsch H., Sariciftci N.S., and Hummelen J.C. Patterns of efficiency and degradation of composite polymer solar cells. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 83 2-3 (2004) 247-262
19. Lungenschmied C., Dennler G., Neugebauer H., Sariciftci S.N., Glatthaar M., Meyer T., and Meyer A. Flexible, long-lived, large-area, organic solar cells. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 91 5 (2007) 379-384
20. Bertho S., Haeldermans I., Swinnen A., Moons W., Martens T., Lutsen L., Vanderzande D., Manca J., Senes A., and Bonfiglio A. Influence of thermal ageing on the stability of polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 91 5 (2007) 385-389
21. Yang X.N., Loos J., Veenstra S.C., Verhees W.J.H., Wienk M.M., Kroon J.M., Michels M.A.J., and Janssen R.A.J. Nanoscale morphology of high-performance polymer solar cells. Nano Letters 5 4 (2005) 579-583
22. De Bettignies R., Leroy J., Firon M., and Sentein C. Accelerated lifetime measurements of P3HT:PCBM solar cells. Synthetic Metals 156 7-8 (2006) 510-513
23. Krebs F.C. Encapsulation of polymer photovoltaic prototypes. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 90 20 (2006) 3633-3643
24. Katz E.A., Gevorgyan S., Orynbayev M.S., and Krebs F.C. Out-door testing and long-term stability of plastic solar cells. European Physical Journal-Applied Physics 36 3 (2006) 307-311
25. x hole blocking layer. Applied Physics Letters 90 16 (2007) 163517
26. Hauch J.A., Schilinsky P., Choulis S.A., Childers R., Biele M., and Brabec C.J. Flexible organic P3HT:PCBM bulk-heterojunction modules with more than 1 year outdoor lifetime. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 92 7 (2008) 727-731
27. Reese M.O., Morfa A.J., White M.S., Kopidakis N., Shaheen S.E., Rumbles G., and Ginley D.S. Pathways for the degradation of organic photovoltaic P3HT:PCBM based devices. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 92 7 (2008) 746-752
28. Norrman K., and Krebs F.C. Lifetimes of organic photovoltaics: using TOF-SIMS and O-18(2) isotopic labelling to characterise chemical degradation mechanisms. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 90 2 (2006) 213-227
29. Glatthaar M., Riede M., Keegan N., Sylvester-Hvid K., Zimmermann B., Niggemann M., Hinsch A., and Gombert A. Efficiency limiting factors of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells identified by electrical impedance spectroscopy. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 91 5 (2007) 390-393
30. Krebs F.C., and Norrman K. Analysis of the failure mechanism for a stable organic photovoltaic during 10 000 h of testing. Progress in Photovoltaics 15 8 (2007) 697-712
31. Jorgensen M., Norrman K., and Krebs F.C. Stability/degradation of polymer solar cells. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 92 7 (2008) 686-714
32. Xu Y., and Schoonen M.A.A. The absolute energy positions of conduction and valence bands of selected semiconducting minerals. American Mineralogist 85 3-4 (2000) 543-556
33. Timpanaro S., Kemerink M., Touwslager F.J., De Kok M.M., and Schrader S. Morphology and conductivity of pedot/pss films studied by scanning-tunneling microscopy. Chemical Physics Letters 394 4-6 (2004) 339-343
34. Waldauf C., Morana M., Denk P., Schilinsky P., Coakley K., Choulis S.A., and Brabec C.J. Highly efficient inverted organic photovoltaics using solution based titanium oxide as electron selective contact. Applied Physics Letters 89 23 (2006) 233517
35. Krebs F.C., Carle J.E., Cruys-Bagger N., Andersen M., Lilliedal M.R., Hammond M.A., and Hvidt S. Lifetimes of organic photovoltaics: photochemistry, atmosphere effects and barrier layers in ITO-MEHPPV: PCBM-aluminium devices. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 86 4 (2005) 499-516
36. Krebs F.C. Air stable polymer photovoltaics based on a process free from vacuum steps and fullerenes. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 92 7 (2008) 715-726
37. Lee J.K., Cho J.M., Shin W.S., Moon S.J., Kemp N.T., Zhang H., and Lamb R. The stability of PEDOT: PSS films monitored by electron spin resonance. Journal of the Korean Physical Society 52 3 (2008) 621-626
38. Chang Y.M., Su W.F., and Wang L. Influence of photo-induced degradation on the optoelectronic properties of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene). Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 92 7 (2008) 761-765