Fluorescence in situ hybridization in combination with the comet assay and micronucleus test in genetic toxicology

Molecular Cytogenetics

Volumn 3, Issue 1, 2010, Pages

  Hovhannisyan, Galina G ^a  

^a YEREVAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (Armenia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANEUGEN; CLASTOGEN; MUTAGENIC AGENT;

ANEUPLOIDY; CHROMOSOME DAMAGE; COMET ASSAY; DNA DAMAGE; DNA REPAIR; FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC TOXICOLOGY; MICRONUCLEUS TEST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 77956522538     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17558166     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-3-17     Document Type: Review

References (110)

1. IPCS guidelines for the monitoring of genotoxic effects of carcinogens in humans. International Programme on Chemical Safety. RJ Albertini D Anderson GR Douglas L Hagmar K Hemminki F Merlo AT Natarajan H Norppa DE Shuker R Tice MD Waters A Aitio, Mutat Res 2000 463 111 172 10.1016/S1383-5742(00)00049-1 10913908
2. The comet assay: what can it really tell us? AR Collins VL Dobson M Dusinska G Kennedy R Stetina, Mutat Res 1997 375 183 193 9202728
3. Single cell gel/comet assay: guidelines for in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicology testing. RR Tice E Agurell D Anderson B Burlinson A Hartmann H Kobayashi Y Miyamae E Rojas JC Ryu YF Sasaki, Environ Mol Mutagen 2000 35 206 221 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(2000)35:3<206::AID-EM8>3.0.CO;2-J 10737956
4. The comet assay for DNA damage and repair: principles, applications, and limitations. AR Collins, Mol Biotechnol 2004 26 249 261 10.1385/MB:26:3:249 15004294
5. THE COMET ASSAY: a biomonitoring tool for nutraceutical research. VWC Wong YT Szeto AR Collins IFF Benzie, Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research 2005 3 1 14
6. The alkaline comet assay: Towards validation in biomonitoring of DNA damaging exposures. P Møller, Basic Clin Pharmaco Toxicol 2006 98 336 345 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.pto-167.x
7. The comet assay: topical issues. AR Collins AA Oscoz G Brunborg I Gaivo L Giovannelli M Kruszewski CC Smith R ttina, Mutagenesis 2008 23 143 151 10.1093/mutage/gem051 18283046
8. The comet assay: a method to measure DNA damage in individual cells. PL Olive JP Banth, Nature Prot 2006 1 23 29 10.1038/nprot.2006.5
9. A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. NP Singh MT McCoy RR Tice EL Schneider, Exp Cell Res 1988 175 184 191 10.1016/0014-4827(88)90265-0 3345800
10. DNA double-strand breaks measured in individual cells subjected to gel electrophoresis. PL Olive D Wlodek JP Banth, Cancer Res 1991 51 4671 4676 1873812
11. Microelectrophoretic study of radiation-induced DNA damages in individual mammalian cells. O Ostling KJ Johanson, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1984 123 291 298 10.1016/0006-291X(84)90411-X 6477583
12. Detection of crosslinks with the comet assay in relationship to genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. O Merk G Speit, Environ Mol Mutagen 1999 33 167 172 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1999)33:2<167::AID-EM9>3.0.CO;2-D 10217071
13. Direct enzymic detection of endogenous oxidative base damage in human lymphocyte DNA. AR Collins SJ Duthie VL Dobson, Carcinogen 1993 14 1733 1735 10.1093/carcin/14.9.1733
14. The comet assay: a sensitive genotoxicity test for the detection of DNA damage and repair. G Speit A Hartmann, Methods Mol Biol 2006 314 275 286 full-text 16673888
15. Monitoring DNA damage following radiation exposure using cytokinesis-block micronucleus method and alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis. SW Maluf, Clinica Chimica Acta 2004 347 15 24 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.04.010 (Pubitemid 39099602)
16. The HUman MicroNucleus Project - an international collaborative study on the use of the micronucleus technique for measuring DNA damage in humans. M Fenech N Holland WP Chang E Zeiger S Bonassi, Mutat Res 1999 428 271 283 10517999
17. The in vitro micronucleus technique. M Fenech, Mutat Res 2000 455 81 95 11113469
18. Report from the in vitro micronucleus assay working group. M Kirsch-Volders T Sofuni M Aardema S Albertini D Eastmond M Fenech M Ishidate Jr S Kirchner E Lorge T Morita H Norppa J Surrallés A Vanhauwaert A Wakata, Mutat Res 2003 540 153 163 14550499
19. Importance of detecting numerical versus structural chromosome aberrations. M Kirsch-Volders A Vanhauwaert M De Boeck I Decordier, Mutat Res 2002 504 137 148 12106654
20. Measurement of micronuclei in lymphocytes. M Fenech A Morley, Mutat Res 1985 147 29 36 3974610
21. Solutions to the kinetic problem in the micronucleus assay. M Fenech A Morley, Cytobios 1985 43 233 246 4075848
22. The advantages and disadvantages of the cytokinesis-block micronucleus method. M Fenech, Mutat Res 1997 392 11 18 9269327
23. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay evolves into a "cytome" assay of chromosomal instability, mitotic dysfunction and cell death. M Fenech, Mutat Res 2006 600 58 66 16822529
24. Chromosomal changes: induction, detection methods and applicability in human biomonitoring. R Mateuca N Lombaert PV Aka I Decordier M Kirsch-Volders, Biochimie 2006 88 1515 1531 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.07.004 16919864
25. Butyrate reduces the frequency of micronuclei in human colon carcinoma cells in vitro. G Hovhannisyan R Aroutiounian M Glei, Toxicology in Vitro 2009 23 1028 1033 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.06.011 19539745
26. OECD, Draft New Test Guideline 487, Vitro Micronucleus Test 2004
27. T Liehr, Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) - Application guide Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer 2009
28. A review of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH): current status and future prospects. J Nath KL Johnson, Biotech Histochem 2000 75 54 78 10.3109/10520290009064150 10941509
29. Studies of metaphase and interphase chromosomes using fluorescence in situ hybridization. BJ Trask S Allen H Massa A Fertitta R Sachs G van den Engh M Wu, Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1993 58 767 775 7956093
30. Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) applied to FISH-banding. T Liehr H Starke A Heller N Kosyakova K Mrasek M Gross C Karst U Steinhaeuser F Hunstig I Fickelscher A Kuechler V Trifonov SA Romanenko A Weise, Cytogenet Genome Res 2006 114 240 244 10.1159/000094207 16954660
31. Advantages and limitations of using fluorescence in situ hybridization for the detection of aneuploidy in interphase human cells. DA Eastmond M Schuler DS Rupa, Mutat Res 1995 348 153 62 10.1016/0165-7992(95)90003-9 8544867
32. Fluorescence in situ hybridization: past, present and future. JM Levsky RH Singer, J Cell Sci 2003 116 2833 2838 10.1242/jcs.00633 12808017
33. FISH glossary: an overview of the fluorescence in situ hybridization technique. EV Volpi JM Bridger, Biotechniques 2008 45 385 409 10.2144/000112811 18855767
34. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in genetic toxicology. AT Natarajan, J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2001 20 293 298 11797838
35. Seventeen-year follow-up study on chromosomal aberrations in five victims accidentally exposed to several Gy of 60Co gamma-rays. Y Chen CZ Jin XQ Zhang SL Ge ZY Zhang H Xu XL Liu DC Wu PK Zhou, Radiat Environ Biophys 2009 48 57 65 10.1007/s00411-008-0203-y 19005672
36. Fifty years of cytogenetics: a parallel view of the evolution of cytogenetics and genotoxicology. JM Garcia-Sagredo, Biochim Biophys Acta 2008 1779 363 375 18515111
37. Current cytogenetic methods for detecting exposure and effects of mutagens and carcinogens. AT Natarajan JJ Boei F Darroudi PC Van Diemen F Dulout MP Hande AT Ramalho, Environ Health Perspect 1996 104 Suppl 3 445 448 10.2307/3432801 8781361
38. The comet-FISH technique: a tool for detection of specific DNA damage and repair. A Rapp M Hausmann KO Greulich, Methods Mol Bio 2005 291 107 119
39. What do human micronuclei contain? H Norppa GC Falck, Mutagenesis 2003 18 221 233 10.1093/mutage/18.3.221 12714687
40. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with comets. SJ Santos NP Singh AT Natarajan, Exp Cell Res 1997 232 407 411 10.1006/excr.1997.3555 9168819
41. Emerging applications of the single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay. I. Management of invasive transitional cell human bladder carcinoma. II. Fluorescent in situ hybridization comets for the identification of damaged and repaired DNA sequences in individual cells. VJ McKelvey-Martin ET Ho SR McKeown SR Johnston PJ McCarthy NF Rajab CS Downes, Mutagenesis 1998 13 1 8 10.1093/mutage/13.1.1 9491387
42. Localization of specific sequences and DNA single-strand breaks in individual UVA- irradiated human lymphocytes by COMET FISH. C Bock A Rapp H Dittmar S Monajembashi KO Greulic, Prog Biomed Optics, SPIE 1999 3568 207 217 full-text
43. Comet fluorescence in situ hybridization (Comet-FISH): detection of DNA damage. W Schlörmann M Glei, Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2009 5 pdb.prot5220
44. UV-A breakage sensitivity of human chromosomes as measured by COMET-FISH depends on gene density and not on the chromosome size. A Rapp C Bock H Dittmar KO Greulich, J Photochem Photobiol B 2000 56 109 117 10.1016/S1011-1344(00) 00052-X 11079471
45. Detection of specific DNA lesions by a combination of Comet assay and FISH in plants. M Menke KJ Angelis I Schubert, Env Mol Mutagenesis 2000 35 132 138 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(2000)35:2<132::AID-EM8>3.0.CO;2-G
46. DNA damage and repair measured in different genomic regions using the comet assay with fluorescent in situ hybridization. E Horvthov M Duinsk S Shaposhnikov AR Collins, Mutagenesis 2004 19 269 276 10.1093/mutage/geh030 15215325
47. Increasing the resolution of the comet assay using fluorescent in situ hybridization - a review. S Shaposhnikov E Frengen AR Collins, Mutagenesis 2009 24 383 389 10.1093/mutage/gep021 19535362
48. New applications of the Comet assay: Comet-FISH and transcription-coupled DNA repair. G Spivak RA Cox PC Hanawalt, Mutat Res 2009 681 44 50 10.1016/j.mrrev.2007.12.003 18291710
49. Kinetics of comet formation in single-cell gel electrophoresis: Loops and fragments. K Afanasieva M Zazhytska A Sivolob, Electrophoresis 2010 31 512 519 10.1002/elps.200900421 20119958
50. The comet assay: mechanisms and technical considerations. M Klaude S Ericson J Nygren G Ahnström, Mutation Res 1996 363 89 96 10.1016/0921-8777(95)00063-1 8676929
51. Modification of the alkaline Comet assay to allow simultaneous evaluation of mitomycin C-induced DNA cross-link damage and repair of specific DNA sequences in RT4 cells. DJ McKenna M Gallus SR McKeown CS Downes VJ McKelvey-Martin, DNA Repair 2003 2 879 890 10.1016/S1568-7864(03)00086-7 12893084
52. The bromodeoxyuridine Comet assay: detection of maturation of recently replicated DNA in individual cells. AP McGlynn G Wasson J O'Connor G McKerr VJ McKelvey-Martin CS Downes, Cancer Res 1999 59 5912 5916 10606234
53. Use of Comet-FISH in the study of DNA damage and repair: Review. M Glei G Hovhannisyan BL Pool-Zobel, Mutat Res 2009 681 33 43 10.1016/j.mrrev.2008.01. 006 18304859
54. Human adenoma cells are highly susceptible to the genotoxic action of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. A Schaeferhenrich G Beyer-Sehlmeyer G Festag A Kuechler N Haag A Weise T Liehr U Claussen B Marian W Sendt J Scheele BL Pool-Zobel, Mutat Res 2003 526 19 32 12714179
55. Ferric iron is genotoxic in non-transformed and preneoplastic human colon cells. Y Knobel A Weise M Glei W Sendt U Claussen BL Pool-Zobel, Food Chem Toxicol 2007 45 804 811 10.1016/j.fct.2006.10.028 17157427
56. Comet fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis for oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in colon cancer relevant genes. M Glei A Schaeferhenrich U Claussen A Kuechler T Liehr A Weise B Marian W Sendt BL Pool-Zobel, Toxicol Sci 2007 96 279 284 10.1093/toxsci/kfl197 17192441
57. Use of the Comet-FISH assay to demonstrate repair of the TP53 gene region in two human bladder carcinoma cell lines. DJ McKenna NF Rajab SR McKeown G McKerr VJ McKelvey-Martin, Radiat Res 2003 159 49 56 10.1667/0033-7587(2003) 159[0049:UOTCFA]2.0.CO;2 12492368
58. Detection of genetic instability at HER-2/neu and p53 loci in breast cancer cells using Comet-FISH. TS Kumaravel RG Bristow, Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005 91 89 93 10.1007/s10549-004-5780-0 15868435
59. Abl1 (cAbl) and Trp53 gene fragmentations in comet-FISH assay act as in vivo biomarkers of radiation exposure in C57BL/6 and CBA/J mice. R Amendola E Basso PG Pacifici E Piras A Giovanetti C Volpato G Romeo Ret, Radiat Res 2006 165 553 561 10.1667/RR3544.1 16669710
60. COMET-FISH used to detect UV-A sensitive regions in the whole human genome and on chromosome 8. A Rapp C Bock H Dittmar KO Greulich, Neplasma 1999 46 99 101
61. Leukaemia-specific chromosome damage detected by comet with fluorescence in situ hybridization (comet-FISH). PA Escobar MT Smith A Vasishta AE Hubbard L Zhang, Mutagenesis 2007 22 321 327 10.1093/mutage/gem020 17575318
62. Sensitivity to DNA-damage induction and chromosomal alterations in mucosa cells from patients with and without cancer of the oropharynx detected by a combination of Comet assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization. UA Harreus NH Kleinsasser S Zieger B Wallner M Reiter P Schuller A Berghaus, Mutat Res 2004 563 131 138 15364279
63. Comet-FISH using peptide nucleic acid probes detects telomeric repeats in DNA damaged by bleomycin and mitomycin C proportional to general DNA damage. R Arutyunyan E Gebhart G Hovhannisyan KO Greulich A Rapp, Mutagenesis 2004 19 403 408 10.1093/mutage/geh049 15388814
64. Fragility of telomeres after bleomycin and cisplatin combined treatment measured in human leukocytes with the comet-FISH technique. R Arutyunyan A Rapp KO Greulich G Hovhannisyan E Gebhart, Exp Oncol 2005 27 38 42 15812355
65. Comet-assay in combination with PNA-FISH detects mutagen-induced DNA damage and specific repeat sequences in the damaged DNA of transformed cells. G Hovhannisyan A Rapp R Arutyunyan KO Greulich E Gebhart, Int J Mol Med 2005 15 437 442 15702234
66. Interphase FISH: detection of intercellular genomic variations and somatic chromosomal mosaicism. IY Iourov SG Vorsanova IV Soloviev YB Yurov, Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) - Application guide Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, Liehr T, 2009 301 311 full-text
67. Preservation of cytoplasm in the human lymphocyte micronucleus assay. TK Lee AL Wiley Jr JA Means L Biggs, Mutagenesis 1994 9 559 562 10.1093/mutage/9.6.559 7854149
68. A critical evaluation of centromeric labeling to distinguish micronuclei induced by chromosomal loss and breakage in vitro. M Schuler DS Rupa DA Eastmond, Mutat Res 1997 392 81 95 9269333
69. Sex chromosomes, micronuclei and aging in women. JC Hando J Nath JD Tucker, Chromosoma 1994 103 186 192 10.1007/BF00368011 7924621
70. X chromosome inactivation and micronuclei in normal and Turner individuals. JC Hando JD Tucker M Davenport J Tepperberg J Nath, Hum Genet 1997 100 624 628 10.1007/s004390050564 9341883
71. Y chromosome aneuploidy, micronuclei, kinetochores and aging in men. J Nath JD Tucker JC Hando, Chromosoma 1995 103 725 731 10.1007/BF00344234 7664620
72. Detection and characterization of mechanisms of action of aneugenic chemicals. EM Parry JM Parry C Corso A Doherty F Haddad TF Hermine G Johnson M Kayani E Quick T Warr J Williamson, Mutagenesis 2002 17 509 521 10.1093/mutage/17.6.509 12435848
73. FISH analysis on spontaneously arising micronuclei in the ICF syndrome. M Stacey MS Bennett M Hulten, J Med Genet 1995 32 502 508 10.1136/jmg.32.7.502 7562960
74. Involvement of chromosomes 7, 18 and X in mitomycin C-induced micronuclei. GG Hovhannisyan H Mkrtchyan T Liehr R Aroutiounian, Balk J Med Genet 2008 11 45 50 10.2478/v10034-008-0026-9
75. Low level of DNA repair in human chromosome 1 heterochromatin. J Surralles F Darroudi AT Natarajan, Genes Chr Cancer 1997 20 173 184 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2264(199710)20:2<173::AID-GCC8>3.0.CO;2-0
76. Frequencies of occurrence of all human chromosomes in micronuclei from normal and 5-azacytidine-treated lymphocytes as revealed by chromosome painting. E Fauth H Scherthan H Zankl, Mutagenesis 1998 13 235 241 10.1093/mutage/13.3. 235 9643581
77. Visualization of interphase chromosomes in postmitotic cells of the human brain by multicolour banding (MCB). IY Iourov T Liehr SG Vorsanova AD Kolotii YB Yurov, Chromosome Res 2006 14 223 229 10.1007/s10577-006-1037-6 16628493
78. Interphase chromosome specific multicolor banding (ICS-MCB): a new tool for analysis of interphase chromosomes in their integrity. IY Iourov T Liehr SG Vorsanova YB Yurov, Biomol Eng 2007 24 415 417 10.1016/j.bioeng.2007.05.003 17627882
79. Chromosome painting reveals specific patterns of chromosome occurrence in mitomycin C- and diethylstilboestrol-induced micronuclei. E Fauth H Scherthan H Zank, Mutagenesis 2000 15 459 467 10.1093/mutage/15.6.459 11076996
80. Multicolor spectral karyotyping of human chromosomes. E Schröck S du Manoir T Veldman B Schoell J Wienberg MA Ferguson-Smith Y Ning DH Ledbetter I Bar-Am D Soenksen Y Garini T Ried, Science 1996 273 494 497 10.1126/science.273. 5274.494 8662537
81. The application of spectral karyotyping (SKY) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technology to determine the chromosomal content(s) of micronuclei. NT Leach C Jackson-Cook, Mutat Res 2001 495 11 19 11448638
82. The X chromosome frequently lags behind in female lymphocyte anaphase. J Cataln GC Falck H Norppa, Am J Hum Genet 2000 66 687 691 10.1086/302769 10677326
83. A combined analysis of XRCC1, XRCC3, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and centromere content of micronuclei in welders. G Iarmarcovai I Sari-Minodier T Orsière M De Méo P Gallice C Bideau D Iniesta J Pompili JL Bergé-Lefranc A Botta, Mutagenesis 2006 21 159 165 10.1093/mutage/gel010 16551674
84. Comparative study of domoic acid and okadaic acid induced chromosomal abnormalities in the CACO-2 cell line. PS Carvalho R Catia S Moukha WG Matias EE Creppy, Int J Environ Res Public Health 2006 3 4 10 10.3390/ijerph2006030001 16823071
85. Micronuclei assay and FISH analysis in human lymphocytes treated with six metal salts. L Migliore L Cocchi C Nesti E Sabbioni, Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1999 34 279 284 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1999)34:4<279:: AID-EM8>3.0.CO;2-7 10618176
86. Chromosomal composition of micronuclei in mouse NIH 3T3 cells treated with acrylamide, extract of Tripterygium hypoglaucum (level) hutch, mitomycin C and colchicine, detected by multicolor FISH with centromeric and telomeric DNA probes. YM Jie C Jia, Mutagenesis 2001 16 145 149 10.1093/mutage/16.2.145 11230557
87. Cytogenetic toxicity of cycloplatam in human lymphocytes: detection by the micronucleus test and fluorescence in situ hybridization. A Nersesyan E Perrone P Roggieri C Bolognesi, Anti-Cancer Drugs 2006 17 289 295 10.1097/00001813-200603000-00007 16520657
88. Increased incidence of micronuclei assessed with the micronucleus assay and the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique in peripheral blood lymphocytes of nurses exposed to nitrous oxide. D Lewinska M Stepnik W Krajewski J Arkusz M Stanczyk T Wronska-Nofer, Mutat Res 2005 581 1 9 15725600
89. Evaluation of the cytogenetic damage induced by the antihypertensive drug nimodipine in human lymphocytes. M Télez B Martínez B Criado B Ortega O Pẽagarikano P Flores E Ortiz-Lastra I Arrieta, Mutagenesis 2001 16 345 351 10.1093/mutage/16.4.345 11420404
90. Molecular cytogenetic evaluation of the mechanism of micronuclei formation induced by camptothecin, topotecan, and irinotecan. SM Attia AM Aleisa SA Bakheet AA Al-Yahya SS Al-Rejaie AE Ashour OA Al-Shabanah, Environ Mol Mutagen 2009 50 145 151 10.1002/em.20460 19152382
91. Chromosomal composition of micronuclei in mouse bone marrow treated with rifampicin and nicotine, analyzed by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization with pancentromeric DNA probe. SM Attia, Toxicology 2007 235 112 118 10.1016/j.tox.2007.03.011 17420080
92. Environmental lead exposure increases micronuclei in children. L Kapka A Baumgartner E Siwiska LE Knudsen D Anderson D Mielzyska, Mutagenesis 2007 22 201 207 10.1093/mutage/gem004 17311805
93. Change in centromeric and acentromeric micronucleus frequencies in human populations after chronic radiation exposure. WP Chang WA Hsieh DP Chen YP Lin JS Hwang JJ Hwang MH Tsai BF Hwang, Mutagenesis 1999 14 427 432 10.1093/mutage/14.4.427 10390511
94. Number of centromeric signals in micronuclei and mechanisms of aneuploidy. Mini-review. G Iarmarcovai A Botta T Orsiere, Toxicology Letters 2006 166 1 10 10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.05.015 16854538
95. Simultaneous detection of X-chromosome loss and non-disjunction in cytokinesis-blocked human lymphocytes by in situ hybridisation with a centromeric DNA probe; implications for the human lymphocyte in vitro micronucleus assay using cytochalasin B. A Zijno F Marcon P Leopardi R Crebelli, Mutagenesis 1994 9 225 232 10.1093/mutage/9.3.225 7934962
96. Spontaneous and spindle poison-induced micronuclei and chromosome non-disjunction in cytokinesis-blocked lymphocytes from two age groups of women. K Bakou G Stephanou C Andrianopoulos NA Demopoulos, Mutagenesis 2002 17 233 239 10.1093/mutage/17.3.233 11971995
97. Analysis of chromosome loss and chromosome segregation in cytokinesis-blocked human lymphocytes: non-disjunction is the prevalent mistake in chromosome segregation produced by low dose exposure to ionizing radiation. N Touil A Elhajouji H Thierens M Kirsch-Volders, Mutagenesis 2000 15 1 7 10.1093/mutage/15.1.1 10640524
98. Okadaic acid: chromosomal non-disjunction analysis in human lymphocytes and study of aneugenic pathway in CHO-K1 cells. LL Hégarat T Orsière A Botta V Fessard, Mutat Res 2005 578 53 63 15885711
99. Homologous sequences at human chromosome 9 bands p12 and q13-21.1 are involved in different patterns of pericentric rearrangements. H Starke J Seidel W Henn S Reichardt M Volleth M Stumm C Behrend KR Sandig C Kelbova G Senger B Albrecht I Hansmann A Heller U Claussen T Liehr, Europ J Hum Genet 2002 10 790 800 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200889 12461685
100. Chromosome abnormalities without phenotypic consequences. M Kowalczyk M Srebniak A Tomaszewska, J Appl Genet 2007 48 157 166 17495350
101. Nonrandom distribution of chromosomal aberrations induced by three chemicals. J Meyne LH Lockhart FE Arrighi, Mutat Res 1979 63 201 209 522867
102. On the localization of mitomycin C-induced aberrations in normal human and Fanconi's anaemia cells. JR Savage KS Reddy, Mutat Res 1987 178 65 71 3106798
103. Chromosome analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization: further indications for a non-DNA-proportional involvement of single chromosomes in radiation-induced structural aberrations. S Knehr H Zitzelsberger H Braselmann U Nahrstedt M Bauchinger, Int J Radiat Biol 1996 70 385 392 10.1080/ 095530096144851 8862449
104. DNA-proportional distribution of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridization painting of all chromosomes of a human female karyotype. JF Barquinero S Knehr H Braselmann M Figel M Bauchinger, Int J Radiat Biol 1998 74 315 323 10.1080/095530098141456 9737534
105. Analysis of radiation-induced micronuclei by FISH using a combination of painting and centromeric DNA probes. C Fimognari S Sauer-Nehls H Braselmann M Nüsse, Mutagenesis 1997 12 91 95 9106249
106. Age-dependent inclusion of sex chromosomes in lymphocyte micronuclei of man. J Cataln K Autio E Kuosma H Norppa, Am J Hum Gene 1998 63 1464 1472 10.1086/302092 (Pubitemid 30418545)
107. Acrocentric chromosome frequency in spontaneous human lymphocyte micronuclei, evaluated by dual-colour hybridization, is neither sex- nor age-related. R Scarpato E Landini L Miglore, Mutat Res 1996 373 195 204
108. A combination of the micronucleus assay and a FISH technique for evaluation of the genotoxicity of 1,2,4-benzenetriol. HW Chung SJ Kang SY Kim, Mutat Res 2002 516 49 56 11943610
109. Aneugenic potential of the nitrogen mustard analogues melphalan, chlorambucil and p-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminophenylacetic acid in cell cultures in vitro. M Efthimiou C Andrianopoulos G Stephanou NA Demopoulos SS Nikolaropoulos, Mutat Res 2007 617 125 137 17324445
110. Multicolour FISH in an analysis of chromosome aberrations induced by N-nitroso-N-methylurea and maleic hydrazide in barley cells. J Juchimiuk B Hering J Maluszynska, J Appl Genet 2007 48 99 106 17495342