A chemical screen identifies novel compounds that overcome glial-mediated inhibition of neuronal regeneration

Journal of Neuroscience

Volumn 30, Issue 13, 2010, Pages 4693-4706

  Usher, Lynn C ^b,g   Johnstone, Andrea ^a,b   Ertürk, Ali ^c   Hu, Ying ^a   Strikis, Dinara ^b   Wanner, Ina B ^a,b,h   Moorman, Sanne ^f   Lee, Jae Wook ^e,i   Min, Jaeki ^e   Ha, Hyung Ho ^e   Duan, Yuanli ^a   Hoffman, Stanley ^d   Goldberg, Jeffrey L ^a   Bradke, Frank ^c   Chang, Young Tae ^e   Lemmon, Vance P ^a,b   Bixby, John L ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

^c MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF NEUROBIOLOGY   (Germany)

^d MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^e NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

^f UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^g Universidad Lcesi   (Colombia)

^h UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

ⁱ NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYCLIC AMP; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; PROTEIN KINASE C; TRIAZINE DERIVATIVE;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; BRAIN INJURY; CELL GROWTH; CELL REGENERATION; FIBROBLAST; GLIA CELL; IN VIVO STUDY; NERVE CELL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 77950637088     PISSN: 02706474     EISSN: 15292401     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0302-10.2010     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. Ahmed Z, Jacques SJ, Berry M, Logan A (2009) Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors promote CNS axon growth through off-target effects on glia. Neurobiol Dis 36:142-150.
2. Alabed YZ, Pool M, Ong Tone S, Fournier AE (2007) Identification of CRMP4 as a convergent regulator of axon outgrowth inhibition. J Neurosci 27:1702-1711. (Pubitemid 46280065)
3. Arimura N, Ménager C, Kawano Y, Yoshimura T, Kawabata S, Hattori A, Fukata Y, Amano M, Goshima Y, Inagaki M, Morone N, Usukura J, Kaibuchi K (2005) Phosphorylation by Rho kinase regulates CRMP-2 activity in growth cones. Mol Cell Biol 25:9973-9984. (Pubitemid 41572744)
4. Arlotta P, Molyneaux BJ, Chen J, Inoue J, Kominami R, Macklis JD (2005) Neuronal subtype-specific genes that control corticospinal motor neuron development in vivo. Neuron 45:207-221. (Pubitemid 40136579)
5. Atwal JK, Pinkston-Gosse J, Syken J, Stawicki S, Wu Y, Shatz C, TessierLavigne M (2008) PirB is a functional receptor for myelin inhibitors of axonal regeneration. Science 322:967-970.
6. Barres BA, Silverstein BE, Corey DP, Chun LL ( 1988) Immunological, morphological, and electrophysiological variation among retinal ganglion cells purified by panning. Neuron 1:791-803.
7. Benson MD, Romero MI, Lush ME, Lu QR, Henkemeyer M., Parada LF (2005) Ephrin-B3 is a myelin-based inhibitor of neurite outgrowth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:10694-10699. (Pubitemid 41061616)
8. Blizzard CA, Haas MA, Vickers JC, Dickson TC (2007) Cellular dynamics underlying regeneration of damaged axons differs from initial axon development. Eur JNeurosci 26:1100-1108.
9. Bondallaz P, Barbier A, Soehrman S, Grenningloh G, Riederer BM (2006) The control of microtubule stability in vitro and in transfected cells by MAPlB and SCG10. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 63:681-695. (Pubitemid 44673947)
10. Bradbury EJ, Moon LD, Popat RJ, King VR, Bennett GS, Patel PN, Fawcett JW, McMahon SB (2002) Chondroitinase ABC promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Nature 416:636-640. (Pubitemid 34406764)
11. Bradke F, Dotti CG (1997) Neuronal polarity: vectorial cytoplasmic flow precedes axon formation. Neuron 19:1175-1186. (Pubitemid 28030538)
12. Bundesen LQ, Scheel TA, Bregman BS, Kromer LF (2003) Ephrin-B2 and EphB2 regulation of astrocyte-meningeal fibroblast interactions in response to spinal cord lesions in adult rats. J Neurosci 23:7789-7800.
13. Bunge MB, Pearse DD (2003) Transplantation strategies to promote repair of the injured spinal cord. J Rehabil Res Dev 40:55-62.
14. Cai D, Qiu J, Cao Z, McAtee M, Bregman BS, Filbin MT (2001) Neuronal cyclic AMP controls the developmental loss in ability of axons to regenerate. J Neurosci. 21:4731-4739. (Pubitemid 32565631)
15. Challacombe JF, Snow DM, Letourneau PC (1997) Dynamic microtubule ends are required for growth cone turning to avoid an inhibitory guidance cue. J Neurosci 17:3085-3095.
16. Chen DF, Jhaveri S, Schneider GE (1995) Intrinsic changes in. developing retinal neurons result in regenerative failure of their axons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:7287-7291.
17. Cheng L, Itoh K, Lemmon V (2005) Ll -mediated branching is regulated by two ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM.)-binding sites, the RSLE region and a novel juxtamembrane ERM-binding region. J Neurosci 25:395-403. (Pubitemid 40105609)
18. Cohen J, Burne JF, Winter J, Bartlett P (1986) Retinal ganglion cells lose response to laminin with maturation. Nature 322:465-467. (Pubitemid 16034018)
19. Colman DR, Kreibich G, Frey AB, Sabatini DD (1982) Synthesis and incorporation of myelin polypeptides into CNS myelin. J Cell Biol 95:598-608. (Pubitemid 13215877)
20. Davies JE, Tang X, Denning JW, Archibald SJ, Davies SJ (2004) Decorin suppresses neurocan, brevican, phosphacan and NG2 expression and promotes axon growth across adult rat spinal cord injuries. Eur J Neurosci 19:1226-1242. (Pubitemid 38387200)
21. Davies SJ, Goucher DR, Doller C, Silver J (1999) Robust regeneration of adult sensory axons in degenerating white matter of the adult rat spinal cord. J Neurosci 19:5810-5822. (Pubitemid 29327918)
22. Dent EW, Gertler FB (2003) Cytoskeletal dynamics and transport in growth cone motility and axon guidance. Neuron 40:209-227. (Pubitemid 37244093)
23. Dergham. P, Ellezam B, Essagian C, Avedissian H, Lubell WD, McKerracher L (2002) Rho signaling pathway targeted to promote spinal cord repair. J Neurosci 22:6570-6577. (Pubitemid 35386413)
24. De Winter F, Oudega M, Lankhorst AJ, Hamers FP, Blits B, Ruitenberg MJ, Pasterkamp RJ, Gispen WH, Verhaagen J (2002) Injury-induced class 3 semaphorin expression in the rat spinal cord. Exp Neurol 175:61-75. (Pubitemid 34507910)
25. Domeniconi M., Filbin MT (2005) Overcoming inhibitors in myelin to promote axonal regeneration. J Neurol Sci 233:43-47. (Pubitemid 40804814)
26. Duckmanton A, Kumar A, Chang YT, Brockes JP (2005) A single-cell analysis of myogenic dedifferentiation induced by small molecules. Chem Biol 12:1117-1126. (Pubitemid 41483629)
27. Ernst H, Zanin MK, Everman D, Hoffman S (1995) Receptor-mediated adhesive and anti-adhesive functions of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan preparations from embryonic chicken brain. J Cell Sci 108:3807-3816. (Pubitemid 26003213)
28. Ertürk A, Hellal F, Enes J, Bradke F (2007) Disorganized microtubules underlie the formation of retraction bulbs and the failure of axonal regeneration. J Neurosci 27:9169-9180. (Pubitemid 47312058)
29. Fabes J, Anderson P, Yáñez-Mũtoz RJ, Thrasher A, Brennan C, Bolsover S (2006) Accumulation of the inhibitory receptor EphA4 may prevent regeneration of corticospinal tract axons following lesion. Eur J Neurosci 23:1721-1730.
30. Fawcett JW, Asher RA (1999) The glial scar and central nervous system repair. Brain Res Bull 49:377-391. (Pubitemid 29385505)
31. Feng G, Mellor RH, Bernstein M, Keller-Peck C, Nguyen QT, Wallace M, Nerbonne JM, Lichtman JW, Sanes JR (2000) Imaging neuronal subsets in transgenic mice expressing multiple spectral variants of GFP. Neuron 28:41-51.
32. Fitch MT, Silver J (1997) Glial cell extracellular matrix: boundaries for axon growth in development and regeneration. Cell Tissue Res 290:379-384. (Pubitemid 27470072)
33. Goldberg JL, Klassen MP, Hua Y, Barres BA (2002) Amacrine-signaled loss of intrinsic axon growth ability by retinal ganglion cells. Science 296:1860-1864. (Pubitemid 34596271)
34. Goldberg JL, Vargas ME, Wang JT, Mandemakers W, Oster SF, Sretavan DW, Barres BA (2004) An oligodendrocyte lineage-specific semaphorin, Sema5A, inhibits axon growth by retinal ganglion cells. J Neurosci 24:4989-4999. (Pubitemid 38697832)
35. GrandPré T, Li S, Strittmatter SM. (2002) Nogo-66 receptor antagonist peptide promotes axonal regeneration. Nature 417:547-551. (Pubitemid 34595921)
36. Grenningloh G, Soehrman S, Bondallaz P, Ruchti E, Cadas H (2004) Role of the microtubule destabilizing proteins SCG10 and stathmin in neuronal growth. J Neurobiol 58:60-69. (Pubitemid 37543338)
37. Grimpe B, Silver J (2004) A novel DNA enzyme reduces glycosaminoglycan chains in the glial scar and allows microtransplanted dorsal root ganglia axons to regenerate beyond lesions in the spinal cord. J Neurosci 24:1393-1397. (Pubitemid 38222990)
38. Hagino S, lseki K, Mori T, Zhang Y, Hikake T, Yokoya S, Takeuchi M, Hasimoto H, Kikuchi S, Wanaka A (2003) Slit and glypican-1 mRNAs are coexpressed in the reactive astrocytes of the injured adult brain. Glia 42:130-138.
39. Hannila SS, Filbin MT (2008) The role of cyclic AMP signaling in promoting axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 209:321-332.
40. Houle JD, Tom VJ, Mayes D, Wagoner G, Phillips N, Silver J (2006) Combining an autologous peripheral nervous system "bridge" and matrix modification by chondroitinase allows robust, functional regeneration beyond a hemisection lesion of the adult rat spinal cord. J Neurosci 26:7405-7415. (Pubitemid 44315209)
41. Hu Y, Cui Q, Harvey AR (2007) Interactive effects of C3, cyclic AMP and ciliary neurotrophic factor on. adult retinal ganglion cell survival and axonal regeneration. Mol Cell Neurosci 34:88-98. (Pubitemid 46026934)
42. Irizarry-Ramirez M, Willson CA, Cruz-Orengo L, Figueroa J, Veĺazquez I, Jones H, Foster RD, Whittemore SR, Miranda JD (2005) Upregulation of EphA3 receptor after spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 22:929-935. (Pubitemid 41153877)
43. Jones LL, Margolis RU, Tuszynski MH (2003) The chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans neurocan, brevican, phosphacan, and versican are differentially regulated following spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 182:399-411.
44. Jones SL, Selzer ME, Gallo G (2006) Developmental regulation of sensory axon regeneration in the absence of growth cones. J Neurobiol 66:1630-1645.
45. Kamber D, Erez H, Spira ME (2009) Local calcium-dependent mechanisms determine whether a cut axonal end assembles a retarded endbulb or competent growth cone. Exp Neurol 219:112-125.
46. Kim YJ, Sackett DL, Schapira M, Walsh DP, Min J, Pannell LK, Chang YT (2006) Identification of 12Cysbeta on tubulin as the binding site of tubulyzine. Bioorg Med Chem 14:1169-1175. (Pubitemid 43059808)
47. Kim YK, Chang YT (2007) Tagged library approach facilitates forward chemical genetics. Mol Biosyst 3:392-397.
48. Koprivica V, Cho KS, Park JB, Yiu G, Atwal J, Gore B, Kim JA, Lin E, TessierLavigne M, Chen DF, He Z (2005) EGFR activation mediates inhibition of axon regeneration by myelin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Science 310:106-110. (Pubitemid 41434546)
49. Laabs TL, Wang H, Katagiri Y, McCann T, Fawcett JW, Geller HM (2007) Inhibiting glycosaminoglycan chain polymerization decreases the inhibitory activity of astrocyte-derived chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. J Neurosci 27:14494-14501.
50. Leaver SG, Cui Q, Plant GW, Arulpragasam A, Hisheh S, Verhaagen J, Harvey AR (2006) AAV-mediated expression of CNTF promotes long-term survival and regeneration of adult rat retinal ganglion cells. Gene Ther 13:1328-1341. (Pubitemid 44323689)
51. Lee JW, Bork JT, Samanta A, Chang YT (2009) Novel orthogonal synthesis of tagged combinatorial triazine library via Grignard reaction. Aust J Chem 62:1000-1006.
52. Lehmann M, Fournier A, Selles-Navarro I, Dergham P, Sebok A, Leclerc N, Tigyi G, McKerracher L (1999) Inactivation of Rho signaling pathway promotes CNS axon regeneration. J Neurosci 19:7537-7547. (Pubitemid 29404610)
53. Li S, Liu BP, Budel S, Li M, Ji B, Walus L, Li W, Jink A, Rabacchi S, Choi E, Worley D, Sah DW, Pepinsky B, Lee D, Relton J, Strittmatter SM (2004) Blockade of Nogo-66, myelin-associated glycoprotein, and oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein by soluble Nogo-66 receptor promotes axonal sprouting and recovery after spinal injury. J Neurosci 24:10511-10520. (Pubitemid 39552636)
54. Lingor P, Teusch N, Schwarz K, Mueller R, Mack H, Bahr M, Mueller BK (2007) Inhibition of Rho kinase (ROCK) increases neurite outgrowth on chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan in vitro and axonal regeneration in the adult optic nerve in vivo. J Neurochem 103:181-189. (Pubitemid 47404219)
55. Lingor P, Tönges L, Pieper N, Bermel C, Barski E, Planchamp V, Bahr M (2008) ROCK inhibition and CNTF interact on intrinsic signalling pathways and differentially regulate survival and regeneration in retinal ganglion cells. Brain 131:250-263.
56. Lipinski CA, Lombardo F, Dominy BW, Feeney PJ (2001) Experimental and computational approaches to estimate solubility and permeability in drug discovery and development settings. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 46:3-26. (Pubitemid 33653411)
57. Matsuura I, Taniguchi J, Hata K, Saeki N, Yamashita T (2008) BMP inhibition enhances axonal growth and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. J Neurochem 105:1471-1479. (Pubitemid 351590807)
58. McKeon RJ, Schreiber RC, Rudge JS, Silver J (1991) Reduction of neurite outgrowth in a model of glial scarring following CNS injury is correlated with the expression of inhibitory molecules on reactive astrocytes. J Neurosci 11:3398-3411.
59. McKeon RJ, Höke A, Silver J (1995) Injury-induced proteoglycans inhibit the potential for laminin-mediated axon growth on astrocytic scars. Exp Neurol 136:32-43.
60. McKerracher L, Higuchi H (2006) Targeting rho to stimulate repair after spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 23:309-317. (Pubitemid 43726312)
61. Meyer-Franke A, Kaplan MR, Pfrieger FW, Barres BA (1995) Characteriza- tion of die signaling interactions that promote the survival and growth of developing retinal ganglion cells in culture. Neuron 15:805-819.
62. Mi S, Lee X, Shao Z, Thill G, Ji B, Relton J, Levesque M, Allaire N, Perrin S, SandsB, Crowell T, CateRL, McCoy JM, Pepinsky RB (2004) LINGO-I is a component of the Nogo-66 receptor/p75 signaling complex. Nat Neurosci 7:221-228. (Pubitemid 38280445)
63. Min J, Kyung Kim Y, Cipriani PG, Kang M, Khersonsky SM, Walsh DP, Lee JY, Niessen S, Yates JR 3rd, GunsalusK, Piano F, Chang YT (2007) Forward chemical genetic approach identifies new role for GAPDH in insulin signaling. Nat Chem Biol 3:55-59. (Pubitemid 46005699)
64. Miranda JD, White LA, Marcillo AE, Willson CA, Jagid J, Whittemore SR (1999) Induction of Eph B3 after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 156:218-222. (Pubitemid 29153000)
65. Miyashita T, Koda M, Kitajo K, Yamazaki M, Takahashi K, Kikuchi A, Yamashita T (2009) Wnt-Ryk signaling mediates axon growth inhibition and limits functional recovery after spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 26:955-964.
66. Monnier PP, Sierra A, Schwab JM, Henke-Fahle S, Mueller BK (2003) The Rho/ROCK pathway mediates neurite growth-inhibitory activity associated with the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans of the CNS glial scar. Mol Cell Neurosci 22:319-330. (Pubitemid 36407595)
67. Moon HS, Jacobson EM, Khersonsky SM, Luzung MR, Walsh DP, Xiong W, Lee JW, Parikh PB, Lam JC, Kang TW, Rosania GR, Schier AF, Chang YT (2002) A novel microtubule destabilizing entity from orthogonal synthesis of triazine library and zeb.rafish embryo screening. J Am Chem Soc 124:11608-11609.
68. Moon LD, Asher RA, Rhodes KE, Fawcett JW (2001) Regeneration of CNS axons back to their target following treatment of adult rat brain with chondroitinase ABC. Nat Neurosci 4:465-466.
69. Moon LD, Asher RA, Fawcett JW (2003) Limited growth of severed CNS axons after treatment of adult rat brain with hyaluronidase. J Neurosci Res 71:23-37.
70. Moreau-Fauvarque C, Kumanogoh A, Camand E, Jaillard C, Barbin G, Boquet I, Love C, Jones EY, Kikutani H, Lubetzki C, Dusart I, Chédotal A (2003) The transmembrane semaphorin Sema4D/CD100, an inhibitor of axonal growth, is expressed on oligodendrocytes and upregulated after CNS lesion. J Neurosci 23:9229-9239. (Pubitemid 37243824)
71. Morii H, Shiraishi-Yamaguchi Y, Mori N (2006) SCGlO, a microtubule destabilizing factor, stimulates the neurite outgrowth, by modulating microtubule dynamics in rat hippocampal primary cultured neurons. J Neurobiol 66:1101-1114. (Pubitemid 44264934)
72. Mukhopadhyay G, Doherty P, Walsh. FS, Crocker PR, Filbin MT (1994) A novel role for myelin-associated glycoprotein as an inhibitor of axonal regeneration. Neuron 13:757-767. (Pubitemid 24300179)
73. Niederöst BP, Zimmermann DR, Schwab ME, Bandtlow CE (1999) Bovine CNS myelin contains neurite growth-inhibitory activity associated with chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. J Neurosci 19:8979-8989.
74. Norton WT, Poduslo SE (1973) Myelination in rat brain: method of myelin isolation. J Neurochem 21:749-757.
75. Park JB, Yiu G, Kaneko S, Wang J, Chang J, He XL, Garcia KC, He Z (2005) A TNF receptor family member, TROY, is a coreceptor with Nogo receptor in mediating the inhibitory activity of myelin inhibitors. Neuron 45:345-351. (Pubitemid 40188202)
76. Park K, Luo JM, Hisheh S, Harvey AR, Cui. Q (2004) Cellular mechanisms associated with, spontaneous and ciliary neurotrophic factor-cAMPinduced survival and axonal regeneration of adult retinal ganglion cells. J Neurosci 24:10806-10815. (Pubitemid 39602392)
77. Park KK, Liu K, Hu Y, Smith. PD, Wang C, Cai B, Xu B, Connolly L, Kramvis I, Sahin M, He Z (2008) Promoting axon regeneration in the adult CNS by modulation, of the PTEN/mTOR pathway. Science 322:963-966.
78. Pesheva P, Probstmeier R (2000) Association of tenascin-R with murine brain myelin membranes: involvement of divalent cations. Neurosci Lett 283:165-168. (Pubitemid 30168958)
79. Powell EM, Mercado ML, Calle-Patino Y, Geller HM (2001) Protein kinase C mediates neurite guidance at an astrocyte boundary. Glia 33:288-297. (Pubitemid 32285745)
80. Reier PJ, Houle JD (1988) The glial scar: its bearing on axonal elongation and transplantation approaches to CNS repair. Adv Neurol 47:87-138.
81. Rhine WD, Hsieh DS, Langer R (1980) Polymers for sustained macromolecule release: procedures to fabricate reproducible delivery systems and control release kinetics. J Pharm Sci 69:265-270.
82. Schnell L, Schneider R, Kolbeck R, Barde YA, Schwab ME (1994) Neurotrophin-3 enhances sprouting of corticospinal tract during development and after adult spinal cord lesion. Nature 367:170-173. (Pubitemid 24031697)
83. Schwab JM., Leppert CA, Kaps KH, Monnier PP (2001 ) Functional recovery after spinal cord injury: basic science meets clinic. Trends Neurosci 24:437-439.
84. Schwab JM, Conrad S, Monnier PP, Julien S, Mueller BK, Schluesener HJ (2005) Spinal cord injury-induced lesionai expression of the repulsive guidance molecule (RGM). Eur J Neurosci 21:1569-1576. (Pubitemid 40646602)
85. Shao Z, Browning JL, Lee X, Scott ML, Shulga-Morskaya S, Allaire N, Thill G, Levesque M, Sah D, McCoy JM, Murray B, Jung V, Pepinsky RB, MiS (2005) TAJ/TROY, an orphan TNF receptor family member, binds Nogo-66 receptor 1 and regulates axonal regeneration. Neuron 45:353-359. (Pubitemid 40188203)
86. Shen Y, Tenney AP, Busch SA, Horn KP, Cuascut FX, Liu K, He Z, Silver J, Flanagan JG (2009) PTPsigma is a receptor for chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, an inhibitor of neural regeneration. Science 326:592-596.
87. Silver J, Miller JH (2004) Regeneration beyond the glial scar. Nat Rev Neurosci 5:146-156.
88. Sivasankaran R, Pei J, Wang KC, Zhang YP, Shields CB, Xu XM, He Z (2004) PKC mediates inhibitory effects of myelin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans on axonal regeneration. Nat Neurosci 7:261-268. (Pubitemid 38280450)
89. Tang X, Davies JE, Davies SJ (2003) Changes in distribution, cell associations, and protein expression levels of NG2, neurocan, phosphacan, brevican, versican V2, and tenascin-C during acute to chronic maturation of spinal cord scar tissue. J Neurosci Res 71:427-444. (Pubitemid 36159501)
90. Tararuk T, Ostman N, Li W, Björkblom B, Padzik A, Zdrojewska J, Hongisto V, Herdegen T, Konopka W, Courtney MJ, Coffey ET (2006) JNKl phosphorylation of SCGlO determines microtubule dynamics and axodendritic length. J Cell Biol 173:265-277.
91. Tomaselli KJ, Reichardt LF (1988) Peripheral motoneuron interactions with laminin and Schwann cell-derived neurite-promoting molecules: developmental regulation of laminin receptor function. J Neurosci Res 21:275-285.
92. Venkatesh K, Chivatakarn O, Lee H, Joshi PS, Kantor DB, Newman BA, Mage R, Rader C, Giger RJ (2005) The Nogo-66 receptor homolog NgR2 is a sialic acid-dependent receptor selective for myelin-associated glycoprotein. J Neurosci 25:808-822. (Pubitemid 40170995)
93. Wang JT, Kunzevitzky NJ, Dugas JC, Cameron M, Barres BA, Goldberg JL (2007) Disease gene candidates revealed by expression profiling of retinal ganglion cell development. J Neurosci 27:8593-8603. (Pubitemid 47254257)
94. Wang KC, Kim JA, Sivasankaran R, Segal R, He Z (2002) P75 interacts with the Nogo receptor as a co-receptor for Nogo, MAG and OMgp. Nature 420:74-78. (Pubitemid 35291442)
95. Wanner IB, Deik A, Torres M, Rosendahl A, Neary JT, Lemmon VP, Bixby JL (2008) A new in vitro model of the glial scar inhibits axon growth. Glia 56:1691-1709.
96. Williams D, Jung DW, Khersonsky SM, Heidary N, Chang YT, Orlow SJ (2004) Identification of compounds that bind mitochondrial FIFO ATPase by screening a triazine library for correction of albinism. Chem Biol 11:1251-1259. (Pubitemid 39282800)
97. Williams G, Wood A, Williams EJ, Gao Y, Mercado ML, Katz A, JosephMcCarthy D, Bates B, Ling HP, Aulabaugh A, Zaccardi J, Xie Y, Pangalos MN, Walsh FS, Doherty P (2008) Ganglioside inhibition of neurite outgrowth requires Nogo receptor function: identification of interaction sites and development of novel antagonists. J Biol Chem 283:16641-16652.
98. Witte H, Neukirchen D, Bradke F (2008) Microtubule stabilization specifies initial neuronal polarization. J Cell Biol 180:619-632. (Pubitemid 351240708)
99. Yiu G, He Z (2003) Signaling mechanisms of the myelin inhibitors of axon regeneration. Curr Opin Neurobiol 13:545-551. (Pubitemid 37441273)
100. Zhou FQ, Snider WD (2005) Cell biology. GSK-3beta and microtubule assembly in axons. Science 308:211-21.4.
101. Zhou FQ, Walzer M, Wu YH, Zhou J, Dedhar S, Snider WD (2006) Neurotrophins support regenerative axon assembly over CSPGs by an ECMintegrin-independent mechanism. J Cell Sci 119:2787-2796. (Pubitemid 44184015)