Using the pharmacology of latent inhibition to model domains of pathology in schizophrenia and their treatment

Behavioural Brain Research

Volumn 204, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 369-386

  Weiner, Ina ^a   Arad, Michal ^a  

^a TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

Alpha7; Amphetamine; Animal model; Antipsychotic drugs; Cognitive enhancers; Glycine; Latent inhibition; NMDA antagonist; Physostigmine; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

1,4 DIAZABICYCLO[3.2.2]NONANE 4 CARBOXYLIC ACID 4 BROMOPHENYL ESTER; AMPHETAMINE; ATROPINE; ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR; CLOZAPINE; CYCLOSERINE; DEXTRO SERINE; DIZOCILPINE; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; GALANTAMINE; GLYCINE; HALOPERIDOL; KETAMINE; MUSCARINIC AGENT; MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; PHENCYCLIDINE; PHYSOSTIGMINE; RISPERIDONE; RITANSERIN; SCOPOLAMINE; XANOMELINE;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONDITIONING; CONSTRUCT VALIDITY; DISEASE MODEL; DOPAMINE RELEASE; DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM; DOPAMINERGIC TRANSMISSION; HUMAN; LATENT INHIBITION; NONHUMAN; NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS; PREDICTIVE VALIDITY; PREPULSE INHIBITION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSIS; RECEPTOR OCCUPANCY; REINFORCEMENT; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEROTONINERGIC SYSTEM; STATE DEPENDENT LEARNING;

ACETYLCHOLINE; ANIMALS; ATTENTION; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; DOPAMINE; GLUTAMIC ACID; MEMORY; MICE; NEURAL INHIBITION; RATS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY;

EID: 69249215243     PISSN: 01664328     EISSN: 18727549     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.05.004     Document Type: Review

References (247)

1. Abi-Dargham A., Gil R., Krystal J., Baldwin R.M., Seibyl J.P., Bowers M., et al. Increased striatal dopamine transmission in schizophrenia: confirmation in a second cohort. Am J Psychiatry 155 6 (1998) 761-767
2. Aguado L., San Antonio A., Perez L., del Valle R., and Gomez J. Effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine on flavor memory: conditioned aversion, latent inhibition, and habituation of neophobia. Behav Neural Biol 61 3 (1994) 271-281
3. Aitken M.R., and Dickinson A. Simulations of a modified SOP model applied to retrospective revaluation of human causal learning. Learn Behav 33 2 (2005) 147-159
4. Andersen M.B., Werge T., and Fink-Jensen A. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine inhibits d-amphetamine-induced psychotic-like behavior in Cebus monkeys. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 321 3 (2007) 1179-1182
5. Angrist B., Peselow E., Rubinstein M., Corwin J., and Rotrosen J. Partial improvement in negative schizophrenic symptoms after amphetamine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 78 2 (1982) 128-130
6. Angrist B., Rotrosen J., and Gershon S. Responses to apomorphine, amphetamine, and neuroleptics in schizophrenic subjects. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 67 1 (1980) 31-38
7. Anscombe R. The disorder of consciousness in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 13 2 (1987) 241-260
8. Arnt J., and Skarsfeldt T. Do novel antipsychotics have similar pharmacological characteristics? A review of the evidence. Neuropsychopharmacology 18 2 (1998) 63-101
9. Bakshi V.P., Swerdlow N.R., and Geyer M.A. Clozapine antagonizes phencyclidine-induced deficits in sensorimotor gating of the startle response. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 271 2 (1994) 787-794
10. Barak S., Arad M., De Levie A., Black M.D., Griebel G., and Weiner I. Pro-cognitive and antipsychotic efficacy of the alpha7 nicotinic partial agonist SSR180711 in pharmacological and neurodevelopmental latent inhibition models of schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 34 7 (2009) 1753-1763
11. Barak S., and Weiner I. Scopolamine induces disruption of latent inhibition which is prevented by antipsychotic drugs and an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Neuropsychopharmacology 32 5 (2007) 989-999
12. Barak S., and Weiner I. Towards an animal model of an antipsychotic drug-resistant cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: scopolamine induces abnormally persistent latent inhibition, which can be reversed by cognitive enhancers but not by antipsychotic drugs. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 12 2 (2008) 1-15
13. Barrett S.L., Bell R., Watson D., and King D.J. Effects of amisulpride, risperidone and chlorpromazine on auditory and visual latent inhibition, prepulse inhibition, executive function and eye movements in healthy volunteers. J Psychopharmacol 18 2 (2004) 156-172
14. Baruch I., Hemsley D.R., and Gray J.A. Differential performance of acute and chronic schizophrenics in a latent inhibition task. J Nerv Ment Dis 176 10 (1988) 598-606
15. Baruch I., Hemsley D.R., and Gray J.A. Latent inhibition and 'psychotic proneness' in normal subjects. Pers Indiv Differ 9 (1988) 777-783
16. Bethus I., Muscat R., and Goodall G. Dopamine manipulations limited to preexposure are sufficient to modulate latent inhibition. Behav Neurosci 120 3 (2006) 554-562
17. Bianchetti A., Ranieri P., Margiotta A., and Trabucchi M. Pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Clin Exp Res 18 2 (2006) 158-162
18. Biton B., Bergis O.E., Galli F., Nedelec A., Lochead A.W., Jegham S., et al. SSR180711, a novel selective alpha7 nicotinic receptor partial agonist: (1) binding and functional profile. Neuropsychopharmacology 32 1 (2007) 1-16
19. Black M.D., Varty G.B., Arad M., Barak S., De Levie A., Boulay D., et al. Procognitive and antipsychotic efficacy of glycine transport 1 inhibitors (GlyT1) in acute and neurodevelopmental models of schizophrenia: latent inhibition studies in the rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 202 1-3 (2009) 385-396
20. Bleuler M. Dementia praecox or the group of schizophrenias (1911), International Universities Press, New York
21. Braunstein-Bercovitz H., and Lubow R.E. Are high-schizotypal normal participants distractible or limited in attentional resources? A study of latent inhibition as a function of masking task load and schizotypy level. J. Abnorm Psychol 107 4 (1998) 659-670
22. Breier A., and Berg P.H. The psychosis of schizophrenia: prevalence, response to atypical antipsychotics, and prediction of outcome. Biol Psychiatry 46 3 (1999) 361-364
23. Breier A., Su T.P., Saunders R., Carson R.E., Kolachana B.S., de Bartolomeis A., et al. Schizophrenia is associated with elevated amphetamine-induced synaptic dopamine concentrations: evidence from a novel positron emission tomography method. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94 6 (1997) 2569-2574
24. Breier A., Wolkowitz O.M., Doran A.R., Roy A., Boronow J., Hommer D.W., et al. Neuroleptic responsivity of negative and positive symptoms in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 144 12 (1987) 1549-1555
25. Broen W.E. Schizophrenia: research and theory (1968), Academic Press, New York
26. Brousseau G., Rourke B.P., and Burke B. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and Alzheimer's disease subtypes: an alternate hypothesis to global cognitive enhancement. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 15 6 (2007) 546-554
27. Buchanan R.W., Javitt D.C., Marder S.R., Schooler N.R., Gold J.M., McMahon R.P., et al. The Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Trial (CONSIST): the efficacy of glutamatergic agents for negative symptoms and cognitive impairments. Am J Psychiatry 164 10 (2007) 1593-1602
28. Bymaster F.P., Felder C., Ahmed S., and McKinzie D. Muscarinic receptors as a target for drugs treating schizophrenia. Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord 1 2 (2002) 163-181
29. Carlsson A., Waters N., and Carlsson M.L. Neurotransmitter interactions in schizophrenia-therapeutic implications. Biol Psychiatry 46 10 (1999) 1388-1395
30. Carlsson M., and Carlsson A. Schizophrenia: a subcortical neurotransmitter imbalance syndrome?. Schizophr Bull 16 3 (1990) 425-432
31. Carpenter Jr. W.T., Heinrichs D.W., and Alphs L.D. Treatment of negative symptoms. Schizophr Bull 11 3 (1985) 440-452
32. Carpenter Jr. W.T., Heinrichs D.W., and Wagman A.M. Deficit and nondeficit forms of schizophrenia: the concept. Am J Psychiatry 145 5 (1988) 578-583
33. Carpenter W.T., and Koenig J.I. The evolution of drug development in schizophrenia: past issues and future opportunities. Neuropsychopharmacology 33 9 (2008) 2061-2079
34. Cassaday H.F., Hodges H., and Gray J.A. The effects of ritanserin, RU 24969 and 8-OH-DPAT on latent inhibition in the rat. Psychopharmacology 7 1 (1993) 63-71
35. Chamberlain S.R., Blackwell A.D., Fineberg N.A., Robbins T.W., and Sahakian B.J. The neuropsychology of obsessive compulsive disorder: the importance of failures in cognitive and behavioural inhibition as candidate endophenotypic markers. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 29 3 (2005) 399-419
36. Chang T., Meyer U., Feldon J., and Yee B.K. Disruption of the US pre-exposure effect and latent inhibition in two-way active avoidance by systemic amphetamine in C57BL/6 mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 191 2 (2007) 211-221
37. Chen K.C., Baxter M.G., and Rodefer J.S. Central blockade of muscarinic cholinergic receptors disrupts affective and attentional set-shifting. Eur J Neurosci 20 4 (2004) 1081-1088
38. Clarke L.A., Cassidy C.W., Catalano G., Catalano M.C., and Carroll K.M. Psychosis induced by smoking cessation clinic administered anticholinergic overload. Ann Clin Psychiatry 16 3 (2004) 171-175
39. Cohen E., Sereni N., Kaplan O., Weizman A., Kikinzon L., Weiner I., et al. The relation between latent inhibition and symptom-types in young schizophrenics. Behav Brain Res 149 2 (2004) 113-122
40. Crider A. Perseveration in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 23 1 (1997) 63-74
41. Csernansky J.G., Martin M., Shah R., Bertchume A., Colvin J., and Dong H. Cholinesterase inhibitors ameliorate behavioral deficits induced by MK-801 in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 30 12 (2005) 2135-2143
42. Dall'Olio R., and Gandolfi O. The NMDA positive modulator d-cycloserine potentiates the neuroleptic activity of D1 and D2 dopamine receptor blockers in the rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 110 1-2 (1993) 165-168
43. Daniel D.G., Breslin N., Clardy J., Goldberg T., Gold J., Kleinman J., et al. The effect of L-DOPA on negative symptoms, cognitive performance, and regional cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 27 9 (1990) 118-119
44. Dao-Castellana M.H., Paillere-Martinot M.L., Hantraye P., Attar-Levy D., Remy P., Crouzel C., et al. Presynaptic dopaminergic function in the striatum of schizophrenic patients. Schizophr Res 23 2 (1997) 167-174
45. Della Casa V., Hofer I., Weiner I., and Feldon J. Effects of smoking status and schizotypy on latent inhibition. J Psychopharmacol 13 1 (1999) 45-57
46. Depoortere R., Dargazanli G., Estenne-Bouhtou G., Coste A., Lanneau C., Desvignes C., et al. Neurochemical, electrophysiological and pharmacological profiles of the selective inhibitor of the glycine transporter-1 SSR504734, a potential new type of antipsychotic. Neuropsychopharmacology 30 11 (2005) 1363-1385
47. Dunn L.A., Atwater G.E., and Kilts C.D. Effects of antipsychotic drugs on latent inhibition: sensitivity and specificity of an animal behavioral model of clinical drug action. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 112 2-3 (1993) 315-323
48. Escobar M., Oberling P., and Miller R.R. Associative deficit accounts of disrupted latent inhibition and blocking in schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 26 2 (2002) 203-216
49. Evins A.E., Amico E., Posever T.A., Toker R., and Goff D.C. d-Cycloserine added to risperidone in patients with primary negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 56 1-2 (2002) 19-23
50. Feldon J., and Weiner I. The latent inhibition model of schizophrenic attention disorder. Haloperidol and sulpiride enhance rats' ability to ignore irrelevant stimuli. Biol Psychiatry 29 7 (1991) 635-646
51. Fishkin R.J., Ince E.S., Carlezon Jr. W.A., and Dunn R.W. d-Cycloserine attenuates scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficits in rats. Behav Neural Biol 59 2 (1993) 150-157
52. Frey P.W., and Sears R.G. Model of conditioning incorporating the Rescorla-Wagner associative axiom, a dynamic attention process, and a catastrophe rule. Psychol Rev 85 (1978) 321-341
53. Friedman J.I. Cholinergic targets for cognitive enhancement in schizophrenia: focus on cholinesterase inhibitors and muscarinic agonists. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 174 1 (2004) 45-53
54. Frith C.D. Consciousness, information processing and schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 134 (1979) 225-235
55. Gaisler-Salomon I., Diamant L., Rubin C., and Weiner I. Abnormally persistent latent inhibition induced by MK801 is reversed by risperidone and by positive modulators of NMDA receptor function: differential efficacy depending on the stage of the task at which they are administered. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 196 2 (2008) 255-267
56. Gaisler-Salomon I., and Weiner I. Systemic administration of MK-801 produces an abnormally persistent latent inhibition which is reversed by clozapine but not haloperidol. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 166 4 (2003) 333-342
57. Gal G., Barnea Y., Biran L., Mendlovic S., Gedi T., Halavy M., et al. Enhancement of latent inhibition in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 197 1 (2009) 1-8
58. Gal G., Schiller D., and Weiner I. Latent inhibition is disrupted by nucleus accumbens shell lesion but is abnormally persistent following entire nucleus accumbens lesion: the neural site controlling the expression and disruption of the stimulus preexposure effect. Behav Brain Res 162 2 (2005) 246-255
59. Geyer M.A. Developing translational animal models for symptoms of schizophrenia or bipolar mania. Neurotox Res 14 1 (2008) 71-78
60. Gjerde P.F. Attentional capacity dysfunction and arousal in schizophrenia. Psychol Bull 93 1 (1983) 57-72
61. Goff D.C., Herz L., Posever T., Shih V., Tsai G., Henderson D.C., et al. A six-month, placebo-controlled trial of d-cycloserine co-administered with conventional antipsychotics in schizophrenia patients. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 179 1 (2005) 144-150
62. Goff D.C., Tsai G., Manoach D.S., and Coyle J.T. Dose-finding trial of d-cycloserine added to neuroleptics for negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 152 8 (1995) 1213-1215
63. Gopel C., Laufer C., and Marcus A. Three cases of angel's trumpet tea-induced psychosis in adolescent substance abusers. Nord J Psychiatry 56 1 (2002) 49-52
64. Gosselin G., Oberling P., and Di Scala G. Antagonism of amphetamine-induced disruption of latent inhibition by the atypical antipsychotic olanzapine in rats. Behav Pharmacol 7 8 (1996) 820-826
65. Gracey D.J., Bell R., and King D.J. Differential effects of the CCKA receptor ligands PD-140, 548 and A-71623 on latent inhibition in the rat. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 26 3 (2002) 497-504
66. Granacher R.P., and Baldessarini R.J. Physostigmine. Its use in acute anticholinergic syndrome with antidepressant and antiparkinson drugs. Arch Gen Psychiatry 32 3 (1975) 375-380
67. Gray J.A., Feldon J., Rawlins J.N.P., Hemsley D.R., and Smith A.D. The neuropsychology of schizophrenia. Behav Brain Sci 14 (1991) 1-20
68. Gray J.A., Moran P.M., Grigoryan G., Peters S.L., Young A.M., and Joseph M.H. Latent inhibition: the nucleus accumbens connection revisited. Behav Brain Res 88 1 (1997) 27-34
69. Gray J.A., and Roth B.L. The pipeline and future of drug development in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 12 10 (2007) 904-922
70. Gray N.S., Hemsley D.R., and Gray J.A. Abolition of latent inhibition in acute, but not chronic schizophrenics. Neurol Psychiatr Brain Res 1 (1992) 83-89
71. Gray N.S., Pickering A.D., Hemsley D.R., Dawling S., and Gray J.A. Abolition of latent inhibition by a single 5 mg dose of d-amphetamine in man. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 107 2-3 (1992) 425-430
72. Gray N.S., Pilowsky L.S., Gray J.A., and Kerwin R.W. Latent inhibition in drug naive schizophrenics: relationship to duration of illness and dopamine D2 binding using SPET. Schizophr Res 17 1 (1995) 95-107
73. Guillem F., Chouinard S., Poulin J., Godbout R., Lalonde P., Melun P., et al. Are cholinergic enhancers beneficial for memory in schizophrenia? An event-related potentials (ERPs) study of rivastigmine add-on therapy in a crossover trial. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 30 5 (2006) 934-945
74. Hajos M. Targeting information-processing deficit in schizophrenia: a novel approach to psychotherapeutic drug discovery. Trends Pharmacol Sci 27 7 (2006) 391-398
75. Hajos M., Hurst R.S., Hoffmann W.E., Krause M., Wall T.M., Higdon N.R., et al. The selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist PNU-282987 [N-[(3R)-1-Azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl]-4-chlorobenzamide hydrochloride] enhances GABAergic synaptic activity in brain slices and restores auditory gating deficits in anesthetized rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 312 3 (2005) 1213-1222
76. Hall G. Perceptual and associative learning (1991), Oxford University Press, New York
77. Harsing Jr. L.G., Gacsalyi I., Szabo G., Schmidt E., Sziray N., Sebban C., et al. The glycine transporter-1 inhibitors NFPS and Org 24461: a pharmacological study. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 74 4 (2003) 811-825
78. Harvey P.D., Rabinowitz J., Eerdekens M., and Davidson M. Treatment of cognitive impairment in early psychosis: a comparison of risperidone and haloperidol in a large long-term trial. Am J Psychiatry 162 10 (2005) 1888-1895
79. Hashimoto K., Koike K., Shimizu E., and Iyo M. Alpha7 nicotinic receptor agonists as potential therapeutic drugs for schizophrenia. Curr Med Chem Cent Nerv Syst agents 5 3 (2005) 171
80. Hasselmo M.E., and McGaughy J. High acetylcholine levels set circuit dynamics for attention and encoding and low acetylcholine levels set dynamics for consolidation. Prog Brain Res 145 (2004) 207-231
81. Heinz A., Knable M.B., Coppola R., Gorey J.G., Jones D.W., Lee K.S., et al. Psychomotor slowing, negative symptoms and dopamine receptor availability-an IBZM SPECT study in neuroleptic-treated and drug-free schizophrenic patients. Schizophr Res 31 1 (1998) 19-26
82. Heresco-Levy U. Glutamatergic neurotransmission modulation and the mechanisms of antipsychotic atypicality. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 27 7 (2003) 1113-1123
83. Heresco-Levy U., Javitt D.C., Ebstein R., Vass A., Lichtenberg P., Bar G., et al. d-Serine efficacy as add-on pharmacotherapy to risperidone and olanzapine for treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 57 6 (2005) 577-585
84. Hietala J., Syvalahti E., Vilkman H., Vuorio K., Rakkolainen V., Bergman J., et al. Depressive symptoms and presynaptic dopamine function in neuroleptic-naive schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 35 1 (1999) 41-50
85. Hietala J., Syvalahti E., Vuorio K., Rakkolainen V., Bergman J., Haaparanta M., et al. Presynaptic dopamine function in striatum of neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients. Lancet 346 8983 (1995) 1130-1131
86. Hoehn-Saric R., McLeod D.R., and Glowa J.R. The effects of NMDA receptor blockade on the acquisition of a conditioned emotional response. Biol Psychiatry 30 2 (1991) 170-176
87. Hohnadel E., Bouchard K., and Terry Jr. A.V. Galantamine and donepezil attenuate pharmacologically induced deficits in prepulse inhibition in rats. Neuropharmacology 52 2 (2007) 542-551
88. Holt W., and Maren S. Muscimol inactivation of the dorsal hippocampus impairs contextual retrieval of fear memory. J Neurosci 19 20 (1999) 9054-9062
89. Javitt D.C. Glycine modulators in schizophrenia. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 3 7 (2002) 1067-1072
90. Javitt D.C. Glycine transport inhibitors and the treatment of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 63 1 (2008) 6-8
91. Javitt D.C., Balla A., Sershen H., and Lajtha A. Reversal of phencyclidine-induced effects by glycine and glycine transport inhibitors. Biol Psychiatry 45 6 (1999) 668-679
92. Javitt D.C., Duncan L., Balla A., and Sershen H. Inhibition of system A-mediated glycine transport in cortical synaptosomes by therapeutic concentrations of clozapine: implications for mechanisms of action. Mol Psychiatry 10 3 (2005) 275-287
93. Javitt D.C., Sershen H., Hashim A., and Lajtha A. Reversal of phencyclidine-induced hyperactivity by glycine and the glycine uptake inhibitor glycyldodecylamide. Neuropsychopharmacology 17 3 (1997) 202-204
94. Javitt D.C., and Zukin S.R. Recent advances in the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 148 10 (1991) 1301-1308
95. Jentsch J.D., and Taylor J.R. Impaired inhibition of conditioned responses produced by subchronic administration of phencyclidine to rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 24 1 (2001) 66-74
96. Johnstone E.C., Crow T.J., Frith C.D., Carney M.W., and Price J.S. Mechanism of the antipsychotic effect in the treatment of acute schizophrenia. Lancet 1 8069 (1978) 848-851
97. Jones C.K., Eberle E.L., Shaw D.B., McKinzie D.L., and Shannon H.E. Pharmacologic interactions between the muscarinic cholinergic and dopaminergic systems in the modulation of prepulse inhibition in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 312 3 (2005) 1055-1063
98. Jones C.K., and Shannon H.E. Muscarinic cholinergic modulation of prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 294 3 (2000) 1017-1023
99. Joseph M.H., Peters S.L., Moran P.M., Grigoryan G.A., Young A.M., and Gray J.A. Modulation of latent inhibition in the rat by altered dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens at the time of conditioning. Neuroscience 101 4 (2000) 921-930
100. Kane J.M. Current problems with the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia. Clin Neuropharmacol 18 (1995) S154-S161
101. Kaplan O., Dar R., Rosenthal L., Hermesh H., Fux M., and Lubow R.E. Obsessive-compulsive disorder patients display enhanced latent inhibition on a visual search task. Behav Res Ther 44 8 (2006) 1137-1145
102. Kapur S. Psychosis as a state of aberrant salience: a framework linking biology, phenomenology, and pharmacology in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 160 1 (2003) 13-23
103. Kapur S., Mizrahi R., and Li M. From dopamine to salience to psychosis-linking biology, pharmacology and phenomenology of psychosis. Schizophr Res 79 1 (2005) 59-68
104. Karan R.S., Ravishankar P., and Pandhi P. Effect of muscarinic receptor agonists on animal models of psychosis. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 22 3 (2000) 169-172
105. Kato K., Shishido T., Ono M., Shishido K., Kobayashi M., and Niwa S. Glycine reduces novelty- and methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity in neonatal ventral hippocampal damaged rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 24 3 (2001) 330-332
106. Killcross A.S., Dickinson A., and Robbins T.W. Amphetamine-induced disruptions of latent inhibition are reinforcer mediated: implications for animal models of schizophrenic attentional dysfunction. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 115 1-2 (1994) 185-195
107. Killcross A.S., Dickinson A., and Robbins T.W. Effects of the neuroleptic alpha-flupenthixol on latent inhibition in aversively- and appetitively-motivated paradigms: evidence for dopamine-reinforcer interactions. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 115 1-2 (1994) 196-205
108. Killcross A.S., and Robbins T.W. Differential effects of intra-accumbens and systemic amphetamine on latent inhibition using an on-baseline, within-subject conditioned suppression paradigm. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 110 4 (1993) 479-489
109. Killcross S., and Balleine B. Role of primary motivation in stimulus preexposure effects. J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process 22 1 (1996) 32-42
110. Kinon B.J., and Lieberman J.A. Mechanisms of action of atypical antipsychotic drugs: a critical analysis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 124 1-2 (1996) 2-34
111. Krystal J.H., Bennett A., Abi-Saab D., Belger A., Karper L.P., D'Souza D.C., et al. Dissociation of ketamine effects on rule acquisition and rule implementation: possible relevance to NMDA receptor contributions to executive cognitive functions. Biol Psychiatry 47 2 (2000) 137-143
112. Krystal J.H., D'Souza D.C., Mathalon D., Perry E., Belger A., and Hoffman R. NMDA receptor antagonist effects, cortical glutamatergic function, and schizophrenia: toward a paradigm shift in medication development. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 169 3-4 (2003) 215-233
113. Labrie V., Lipina T., and Roder J.C. Mice with reduced NMDA receptor glycine affinity model some of the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 200 2 (2008) 217-230
114. Lahti A.C., Koffel B., LaPorte D., and Tamminga C.A. Subanesthetic doses of ketamine stimulate psychosis in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 13 1 (1995) 9-19
115. Lane H.Y., Chang Y.C., Liu Y.C., Chiu C.C., and Tsai G.E. Sarcosine or d-serine add-on treatment for acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62 11 (2005) 1196-1204
116. Laruelle M., Abi-Dargham A., Gil R., Kegeles L., and Innis R. Increased dopamine transmission in schizophrenia: relationship to illness phases. Biol Psychiatry 46 1 (1999) 56-72
117. Laruelle M., Abi-Dargham A., van Dyck C.H., Gil R., D'Souza C.D., Erdos J., et al. Single photon emission computerized tomography imaging of amphetamine-induced dopamine release in drug-free schizophrenic subjects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93 17 (1996) 9235-9240
118. Lechner S.M. Glutamate-based therapeutic approaches: inhibitors of glycine transport. Curr Opin Pharmacol 6 1 (2006) 75-81
119. Levin E.D., Bettegowda C., Blosser J., and Gordon J. AR-R17779, and alpha7 nicotinic agonist, improves learning and memory in rats. Behav Pharmacol 10 6-7 (1999) 675-680
120. Leysen J.E., Janssen P.M., Schotte A., Luyten W.H., and Megens A.A. Interaction of antipsychotic drugs with neurotransmitter receptor sites in vitro and in vivo in relation to pharmacological and clinical effects: role of 5HT2 receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 112 1, Suppl. (1993) S40-S54
121. Lieberman J.A., Tollefson G.D., Charles C., Zipursky R., Sharma T., Kahn R.S., et al. Antipsychotic drug effects on brain morphology in first-episode psychosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62 4 (2005) 361-370
122. Lipina T., Labrie V., Weiner I., and Roder J. Modulators of the glycine site on NMDA receptors, d-serine and ALX 5407, display similar beneficial effects to clozapine in mouse models of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 179 1 (2005) 54-67
123. Lipp O.V., and Vaitl D. Latent inhibition in human Pavlovian differential conditioning-effect of additional stimulation after preexposure and relation to schizotypal traits. Person Indiv Diff 13 9 (1992) 1003-1012
124. Lubow R.E. Latent inhibition and conditioned attention theory (1989), Cambridge University Press, New York
125. Lubow R.E. Construct validity of the animal latent inhibition model of selective attention deficits in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 31 1 (2005) 139-153
126. Lubow R.E., and De la Casa G. Latent inhibition as a function of schizotypality and gender: implications for schizophrenia. Biol Psychol 59 1 (2002) 69-86
127. Lubow R.E., Dressler R., and Kaplan O. The effects of target and distractor familiarity on visual search in de novo Parkinson's disease patients: latent inhibition and novel pop-out. Neuropsychology 13 3 (1999) 415-423
128. Lubow R.E., and Gewirtz J.C. Latent inhibition in humans: data, theory, and implications for schizophrenia. Psychol Bull 117 1 (1995) 87-103
129. Lubow R.E., Ingbergsachs Y., Zalsteinorda N., and Gewirtz J.C. Latent inhibition in low and high "psychotic-prone" normal subjects. Person Indiv Diff 13 5 (1992) 563-572
130. Lubow R.E., Kaplan O., Abramovich P., Rudnick A., and Laor N. Visual search in schizophrenia: latent inhibition and novel pop-out effects. Schizophr Res 45 1-2 (2000) 145-156
131. Lubow R.E., Kaplan O., and De la Casa G. Performance on the visual search analog of latent inhibition is modulated by an interaction between schizotypy and gender. Schizophr Res 52 3 (2001) 275-287
132. Lubow R.E., and Moore A.U. Latent inhibition: the effect of nonreinforced pre-exposure to the conditional stimulus. J Comp Physiol Psychol 52 (1959) 415-419
133. Lubow R.E., Weiner I., and Schnur P. Conditioned attention theory. In: Bower G.H. (Ed). The psychology of learning and motivation (1981), Academic Press, New York 1-49
134. Luck S.J., and Gold J.M. The construct of attention in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 64 1 (2008) 34-39
135. Lyon M. Animal models of mania and schizophrenia. In: Willner P. (Ed). Behavioral models in psychopharmacology: theoretical, industrial and clinical perspectives (1991), University Press Cambridge
136. Mackintosh N.J. A theory of attention: variations in the associability of stimuli with reinforcement. Psychol Rev 82 4 (1975) 276-298
137. Magaro P.A. Cognition in schizophrenia and paranoia: the integration of cognitive processes (1980), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
138. Malhotra A.K., Adler C.M., Kennison S.D., Elman I., Pickar D., and Breier A. Clozapine blunts N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist-induced psychosis: a study with ketamine. Biol Psychiatry 42 8 (1997) 664-668
139. Malhotra A.K., Pinals D.A., Adler C.M., Elman I., Clifton A., Pickar D., et al. Ketamine-induced exacerbation of psychotic symptoms and cognitive impairment in neuroleptic-free schizophrenics. Neuropsychopharmacology 17 3 (1997) 141-150
140. Marchlewski M.B. Anticholinergic syndrome. Avoiding misdiagnosis. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 32 9 (1994) 22-24
141. Marder S.R., and Fenton W. Measurement and treatment research to improve cognition in schizophrenia: NIMH MATRICS initiative to support the development of agents for improving cognition in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 72 1 (2004) 5-9
142. Martin L.F., Kem W.R., and Freedman R. Alpha-7 nicotinic receptor agonists: potential new candidates for the treatment of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 174 1 (2004) 54-64
143. Masson S., Avanzi V., Troncoso A.C., and Brandao M.L. Effects of apomorphine and clozapine on conditioned freezing and latent inhibition. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 27 6 (2003) 935-943
144. Mastropaolo J., Rosse R.B., and Deutsch S.I. Anabasine, a selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, antagonizes MK-801-elicited mouse popping behavior, an animal model of schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 153 2 (2004) 419-422
145. McCartan D., Bell R., Green J.F., Campbell C., Trimble K., Pickering A., et al. The differential effects of chlorpromazine and haloperidol on latent inhibition in healthy volunteers. J Psychopharmacol 15 2 (2001) 96-104
146. McGhie A., and Chapman J. Disorders of attention and perception in early schizophrenia. Br J Med Psychol 34 (1961) 103-116
147. McLaren I.P., and Mackintosh N.J. Associative learning and elemental representation: II. Generalization and discrimination. Anim Learn Behav 30 3 (2002) 177-200
148. Meltzer H.Y., and Sumiyoshi T. Atypical antipsychotic drugs improve cognition in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 53 3 (2003) 265-267 author reply 267-8
149. Millan M.J. N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptors as a target for improved antipsychotic agents: novel insights and clinical perspectives. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 179 1 (2005) 30-53
150. Millan M.J., Brocco M., Gobert A., Joly F., Bervoets K., Rivet J., et al. Contrasting mechanisms of action and sensitivity to antipsychotics of phencyclidine versus amphetamine: importance of nucleus accumbens 5-HT2A sites for PCP-induced locomotion in the rat. Eur J Neurosci 11 12 (1999) 4419-4432
151. Miyamoto S., Duncan G.E., Marx C.E., and Lieberman J.A. Treatments for schizophrenia: a critical review of pharmacology and mechanisms of action of antipsychotic drugs. Mol Psychiatry 10 1 (2005) 79-104
152. Moghaddam B., Adams B., Verma A., and Daly D. Activation of glutamatergic neurotransmission by ketamine: a novel step in the pathway from NMDA receptor blockade to dopaminergic and cognitive disruptions associated with the prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci 17 8 (1997) 2921-2927
153. Moghaddam B., and Jackson M.E. Glutamatergic animal models of schizophrenia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1003 (2003) 131-137
154. Moller H.J. Management of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia: new treatment options. CNS Drugs 17 11 (2003) 793-823
155. Mongeau R., Marcello S., Andersen J.S., and Pani L. Contrasting effects of diazepam and repeated restraint stress on latent inhibition in mice. Behav Brain Res 183 2 (2007) 147-155
156. Moran P.M., Fischer T.R., Hitchcock J.M., and Moser P.C. Effects of clozapine on latent inhibition in the rat. Behav Pharmacol 7 1 (1996) 42-48
157. Moser P.C., Hitchcock J.M., Lister S., and Moran P.M. The pharmacology of latent inhibition as an animal model of schizophrenia. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 33 2-3 (2000) 275-307
158. Nilsson M., Waters S., Waters N., Carlsson A., and Carlsson M.L. A behavioural pattern analysis of hypoglutamatergic mice-effects of four different antipsychotic agents. J Neural Transm 108 10 (2001) 1181-1196
159. Nogue S., Sanz P., Munne P., and de la Torre R. Acute scopolamine poisoning after sniffing adulterated cocaine. Drug Alcohol Depend 27 2 (1991) 115-116
160. Noren U., Bjorner A., Sonesson O., and Eriksson L. Galantamine added to antipsychotic treatment in chronic schizophrenia: cognitive improvement?. Schizophr Res 85 1-3 (2006) 302-304
161. Nuechterlein K.H., Pashler H.E., and Subotnik K.L. Translating basic attentional paradigms to schizophrenia research: reconsidering the nature of the deficits. Dev Psychopathol 18 3 (2006) 831-851
162. Ogura C., Kishimoto A., and Nakao T. Clinical effect of l-dopa on schizophrenia. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 20 3 (1976) 308-318
163. Ohno M., and Watanabe S. d-cycloserine, a glycine site agonist, reverses working memory failure by hippocampal muscarinic receptor blockade in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 318 2-3 (1996) 267-271
164. Olincy A., Harris J.G., Johnson L.L., Pender V., Kongs S., Allensworth D., et al. Proof-of-concept trial of an alpha7 nicotinic agonist in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63 6 (2006) 630-638
165. Olincy A., and Stevens K.E. Treating schizophrenia symptoms with an alpha7 nicotinic agonist, from mice to men. Biochem Pharmacol 74 8 (2007) 1192-1201
166. Palsson E., Klamer D., Wass C., Archer T., Engel J.A., and Svensson L. The effects of phencyclidine on latent inhibition in taste aversion conditioning: differential effects of preexposure and conditioning. Behav Brain Res 157 1 (2005) 139-146
167. Payne R.W. The measurement and significance of overinclusive thinking and retardation in schizophrenic patients. In: Hoch P., and Zubin J. (Eds). Psychopathology of schizophrenia (1966), Grune and Stratton, New York
168. Pearce J.M., and Hall G. A model for Pavlovian learning: variations in the effectiveness of conditioned but not of unconditioned stimuli. Psychol Rev 87 6 (1980) 532-552
169. Perry P.J., Wilding D.C., and Juhl R.P. Anticholinergic psychosis. Am J Hosp Pharm 35 6 (1978) 725-728
170. Peters S.L., and Joseph M.H. Haloperidol potentiation of latent inhibition in rats: evidence for a critical role at conditioning rather than pre-exposure. Behav Pharmacol 4 2 (1993) 183-186
171. Pichat P., Bergis O.E., Terranova J.P., Urani A., Duarte C., Santucci V., et al. SSR180711, a novel selective alpha7 nicotinic receptor partial agonist: (II) efficacy in experimental models predictive of activity against cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 32 1 (2007) 17-34
172. Powell, SB, Geyer, MA. Overview of animal models of schizophrenia. Curr Protoc Neurosci; 2007 [Chapter 9: Unit 9 24].
173. Ragozzino M.E., Jih J., and Tzavos A. Involvement of the dorsomedial striatum in behavioral flexibility: role of muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Brain Res 953 1-2 (2002) 205-214
174. Rapin I., and Katzman R. Neurobiology of autism. Ann Neurol 43 1 (1998) 7-14
175. Rascle C., Mazas O., Vaiva G., Tournant M., Raybois O., Goudemand M., et al. Clinical features of latent inhibition in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 51 2-3 (2001) 149-161
176. Rezvani A.H., and Levin E.D. Nicotinic-glutamatergic interactions and attentional performance on an operant visual signal detection task in female rats. Eur J Pharmacol 465 1-2 (2003) 83-90
177. Robbins T.W. Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease-neural basis and the role of dopamine. In: Willner P.J., and Scheel-Kruger J. (Eds). The mesolimbic dopamine system-from motivation to action (1991), Wiley, Chichester
178. Robinson G.B., Port R.L., and Stillwell E.G. Latent inhibition of the classically conditioned rabbit nictitating membrane response is unaffected by the NMDA antagonist MK-801. Psychobiology 21 (1993) 120-124
179. Ruob C., Elsner J., Weiner I., and Feldon J. Amphetamine-induced disruption and haloperidol-induced potentiation of latent inhibition depend on the nature of the stimulus. Behav Brain Res 88 1 (1997) 35-41
180. Russig H., Kovacevic A., Murphy C.A., and Feldon J. Haloperidol and clozapine antagonise amphetamine-induced disruption of latent inhibition of conditioned taste aversion. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 170 3 (2003) 263-270
181. Salgado J.V., Hetem L.A., Vidal M., Graeff F.G., Danion J.M., and Sandner G. Reduction of latent inhibition by d-amphetamine in a conditioned suppression paradigm in humans. Behav Brain Res 117 1-2 (2000) 61-67
182. Sams-Dodd F. Phencyclidine-induced stereotyped behaviour and social isolation in rats: a possible animal model of schizophrenia. Behav Pharmacol 7 1 (1996) 3-23
183. Sanfilipo M., Wolkin A., Angrist B., van Kammen D.P., Duncan E., Wieland S., et al. Amphetamine and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 123 2 (1996) 211-214
184. Sarter M., Bruno J.P., and Givens B. Attentional functions of cortical cholinergic inputs: what does it mean for learning and memory?. Neurobiol Learn Mem 80 3 (2003) 245-256
185. Sarter M., Nelson C.L., and Bruno J.P. Cortical cholinergic transmission and cortical information processing in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 31 1 (2005) 117-138
186. Schiller D., and Weiner I. Lesions to the basolateral amygdala and the orbitofrontal cortex but not to the medial prefrontal cortex produce an abnormally persistent latent inhibition in rats. Neuroscience 128 1 (2004) 15-25
187. Schiller D., and Weiner I. Basolateral amygdala lesions in the rat produce an abnormally persistent latent inhibition with weak preexposure but not with context shift. Behav Brain Res 163 1 (2005) 115-121
188. Schiller D., Zuckerman L., and Weiner I. Abnormally persistent latent inhibition induced by lesions to the nucleus accumbens core, basolateral amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex is reversed by clozapine but not by haloperidol. J Psychiatr Res 40 2 (2006) 167-177
189. Schotte A., Janssen P.F., Gommeren W., Luyten W.H., Van Gompel P., Lesage A.S., et al. Risperidone compared with new and reference antipsychotic drugs: in vitro and in vivo receptor binding. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 124 1-2 (1996) 57-73
190. Schubert M.H., Young K.A., and Hicks P.B. Galantamine improves cognition in schizophrenic patients stabilized on risperidone. Biol Psychiatry 60 6 (2006) 530-533
191. Shadach E., Feldon J., and Weiner I. Clozapine-induced potentiation of latent inhibition is due to its action in the conditioning stage: implications for the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2 4 (1999) 283-291
192. Shadach E., Gaisler I., Schiller D., and Weiner I. The latent inhibition model dissociates between clozapine, haloperidol, and ritanserin. Neuropsychopharmacology 23 2 (2000) 151-161
193. Shakow D. Segmental set. Arch Gen Psychiatry 6 (1962) 1-17
194. Shannon H.E., and Peters S.C. A comparison of the effects of cholinergic and dopaminergic agents on scopolamine-induced hyperactivity in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 255 2 (1990) 549-553
195. Shannon H.E., Rasmussen K., Bymaster F.P., Hart J.C., Peters S.C., Swedberg M.D., et al. Xanomeline, an M(1)/M(4) preferring muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist, produces antipsychotic-like activity in rats and mice. Schizophr Res 42 3 (2000) 249-259
196. Shim S.S., Hammonds M.D., and Kee B.S. Potentiation of the NMDA receptor in the treatment of schizophrenia: focused on the glycine site. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 258 1 (2008) 16-27
197. Sirvio J., Ekonsalo T., Riekkinen Jr. P., Lahtinen H., and Riekkinen Sr. P. d-cycloserine, a modulator of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, improves spatial learning in rats treated with muscarinic antagonist. Neurosci Lett 146 2 (1992) 215-218
198. Solomon P.R., Crider A., Winkelman J.W., Turi A., Kamer R.M., and Kaplan L.J. Disrupted latent inhibition in the rat with chronic amphetamine or haloperidol-induced supersensitivity: relationship to schizophrenic attention disorder. Biol Psychiatry 16 6 (1981) 519-537
199. Stone W.S., Rudd R.J., and Gold P.E. Glucose and physostigmine effects on morphine- and amphetamine-induced increases in locomotor activity in mice. Behav Neural Biol 54 2 (1990) 146-155
200. Swerdlow N.R., Bakshi V., and Geyer M.A. Seroquel restores sensorimotor gating in phencyclidine-treated rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 279 3 (1996) 1290-1299
201. Swerdlow N.R., Braff D.L., Hartston H., Perry W., and Geyer M.A. Latent inhibition in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 20 1-2 (1996) 91-103
202. Swerdlow N.R., Hartston H.J., and Hartman P.L. Enhanced visual latent inhibition in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 45 4 (1999) 482-488
203. Swerdlow N.R., and Koob G.F. Dopamine, schizophrenia, mania and depression: toward a unified hypothesis of cortico-striato-pallido-thalamic function. Behav Brain Sci 10 (1987) 197-245
204. Swerdlow N.R., Stephany N., Wasserman L.C., Talledo J., Sharp R., and Auerbach P.P. Dopamine agonists disrupt visual latent inhibition in normal males using a within-subject paradigm. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 169 3-4 (2003) 314-320
205. Swerdlow N.R., Stephany N., Wasserman L.C., Talledo J., Sharp R., Minassian A., et al. Intact visual latent inhibition in schizophrenia patients in a within-subject paradigm. Schizophr Res 72 2-3 (2005) 169-183
206. Swerdlow N.R., Weber M., Qu Y., Light G.A., and Braff D.L. Realistic expectations of prepulse inhibition in translational models for schizophrenia research. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 199 3 (2008) 331-388
207. Tamminga C.A. Schizophrenia and glutamatergic transmission. Crit Rev Neurobiol 12 1-2 (1998) 21-36
208. Tanii Y., Nishikawa T., Hashimoto A., and Takahashi K. Stereoselective antagonism by enantiomers of alanine and serine of phencyclidine-induced hyperactivity, stereotypy and ataxia in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 269 3 (1994) 1040-1048
209. Tenn C.C., Kapur S., and Fletcher P.J. Sensitization to amphetamine, but not phencyclidine, disrupts prepulse inhibition and latent inhibition. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 180 2 (2005) 366-376
210. Thornton J.C., Dawe S., Lee C., Capstick C., Corr P.J., Cotter P., et al. Effects of nicotine and amphetamine on latent inhibition in human subjects. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 127 2 (1996) 164-173
211. Timmermann D.B., Gronlien J.H., Kohlhaas K.L., Nielsen E.O., Dam E., Jorgensen T.D., et al. An allosteric modulator of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor possessing cognition-enhancing properties in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 323 1 (2007) 294-307
212. Tizabi Y., Mastropaolo J., Park C.H., Riggs R.L., Powell D., Rosse R.B., et al. Both nicotine and mecamylamine block dizocilpine-induced explosive jumping behavior in mice: psychiatric implications. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 140 2 (1998) 202-205
213. Toth E., and Lajtha A. Antagonism of phencyclidine-induced hyperactivity by glycine in mice. Neurochem Res 11 3 (1986) 393-400
214. Trimble K.M., Bell R., and King D.J. Enhancement of latent inhibition in the rat by the atypical antipsychotic agent remoxipride. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 56 4 (1997) 809-816
215. Trimble K.M., Bell R., and King D.J. Enhancement of latent inhibition in the rat at a high dose of clozapine. J Psychopharmacol 12 2 (1998) 215-219
216. Trimble K.M., Bell R., and King D.J. Effects of the selective dopamine D(1) antagonists NNC 01-0112 and SCH 39166 on latent inhibition in the rat. Physiol Behav 77 1 (2002) 115-123
217. Tsai G.E., Yang P., Chang Y.C., and Chong M.Y. d-alanine added to antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 59 3 (2006) 230-234
218. Turgeon S.M., Auerbach E.A., Duncan-Smith M.K., George J.R., and Graves W.W. The delayed effects of DTG and MK-801 on latent inhibition in a conditioned taste-aversion paradigm. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 66 3 (2000) 533-539
219. Turgeon S.M., Auerbach E.A., and Heller M.A. The delayed effects of phencyclidine (PCP) disrupt latent inhibition in a conditioned taste aversion paradigm. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 60 2 (1998) 553-558
220. Ukai M., Okuda A., and Mamiya T. Effects of anticholinergic drugs selective for muscarinic receptor subtypes on prepulse inhibition in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 492 2-3 (2004) 183-187
221. Vaitl D., Lipp O., Bauer U., Schuler G., Stark R., Zimmermann M., et al. Latent inhibition and schizophrenia: Pavlovian conditioning of autonomic responses. Schizophr Res 55 1-2 (2002) 147-158
222. Vaitl D., and Lipp O.V. Latent inhibition and autonomic responses: a psychophysiological approach. Behav Brain Res 88 1 (1997) 85-93
223. van der Meulen J.A., Bilbija L., Joosten R.N., de Bruin J.P., and Feenstra M.G. The NMDA-receptor antagonist MK-801 selectively disrupts reversal learning in rats. Neuroreport 14 17 (2003) 2225-2228
224. Viu E., Zapata A., Capdevila J., Skolnick P., and Trullas R. Glycine(B) receptor antagonists and partial agonists prevent memory deficits in inhibitory avoidance learning. Neurobiol Learn Mem 74 2 (2000) 146-160
225. Wagner A.R., and Rescorla R.A. Inhibition in Pavlovian conditioning: application of a theory. In: Boakes R.A., and Halliday M.A. (Eds). Inhibition and learning (1972), Academic Press, New York
226. Warburton E.C., Joseph M.H., Feldon J., Weiner I., and Gray J.A. Antagonism of amphetamine-induced disruption of latent inhibition in rats by haloperidol and ondansetron: implications for a possible antipsychotic action of ondansetron. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 114 4 (1994) 657-664
227. Weiner I. Neural substrates of latent inhibition: the switching model. Psychol Bull 108 3 (1990) 442-461
228. Weiner I. Latent inhibition. In: Crawley J.N., et al. (Ed). Current protocols in neuroscience (2001), John Wiley & Sons, New York
229. Weiner I. The "two-headed" latent inhibition model of schizophrenia: modeling positive and negative symptoms and their treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 169 3-4 (2003) 257-297
230. Weiner I., Bernasconi E., Broersen L.M., and Feldon J. Amphetamine-induced disruption of latent inhibition depends on the nature of the stimulus. Behav Pharmacol 8 5 (1997) 442-457
231. Weiner I., and Feldon J. Facilitation of latent inhibition by haloperidol in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 91 2 (1987) 248-253
232. Weiner I., and Feldon J. Phencyclidine does not disrupt latent inhibition in rats: implications for animal models of schizophrenia. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 42 4 (1992) 625-631
233. Weiner I., and Feldon J. The switching model of latent inhibition: an update of neural substrates. Behav Brain Res 88 1 (1997) 11-25
234. Weiner I., Feldon J., and Katz Y. Facilitation of the expression but not the acquisition of latent inhibition by haloperidol in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 26 2 (1987) 241-246
235. Weiner I., and Joel D. Dopamine in schizophrenia: dysfunctional information processing in basal ganglia-thalamocortical split circuits. In: Di Chiara G. (Ed). Handbook of experimental pharmacology (2002), Springer, Berlin 418-472
236. Weiner I., Lubow R.E., and Feldon J. Chronic amphetamine and latent inhibition. Behav Brain Res 2 (1981) 285-286
237. Weiner I., Lubow R.E., and Feldon J. Abolition of the expression but not the acquisition of latent inhibition by chronic amphetamine in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 83 2 (1984) 194-199
238. Weiner I., Lubow R.E., and Feldon J. Disruption of latent inhibition by acute administration of low doses of amphetamine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 30 4 (1988) 871-878
239. Weiner I., Shadach E., Barkai R., and Feldon J. Haloperidol- and clozapine-induced enhancement of latent inhibition with extended conditioning: implications for the mechanism of action of neuroleptic drugs. Neuropsychopharmacology 16 1 (1997) 42-50
240. Weiner I., Shadach E., Tarrasch R., Kidron R., and Feldon J. The latent inhibition model of schizophrenia: further validation using the atypical neuroleptic, clozapine. Biol Psychiatry 40 9 (1996) 834-843
241. Weiner I., Tarrasch R., Bernasconi E., Broersen L.M., Ruttimann T.C., and Feldon J. Amphetamine-induced disruption of latent inhibition is not reinforcer-mediated. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 56 4 (1997) 817-826
242. Williams J.H., Wellman N.A., Geaney D.P., Cowen P.J., Feldon J., and Rawlins J.N. Antipsychotic drug effects in a model of schizophrenic attentional disorder: a randomized controlled trial of the effects of haloperidol on latent inhibition in healthy people. Biol Psychiatry 40 11 (1996) 1135-1143
243. Williams J.H., Wellman N.A., Geaney D.P., Cowen P.J., Feldon J., and Rawlins J.N. Reduced latent inhibition in people with schizophrenia: an effect of psychosis or of its treatment. Br J Psychiatry 172 (1998) 243-249
244. Williams J.H., Wellman N.A., Geaney D.P., Feldon J., Cowen P.J., and Rawlins J.N. Haloperidol enhances latent inhibition in visual tasks in healthy people. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 133 3 (1997) 262-268
245. Wishka D.G., Walker D.P., Yates K.M., Reitz S.C., Jia S., Myers J.K., et al. Discovery of N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl]furo[2,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide, an agonist of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, for the potential treatment of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: synthesis and structure-activity relationship. J Med Chem 49 14 (2006) 4425-4436
246. Young A.M., Moran P.M., and Joseph M.H. The role of dopamine in conditioning and latent inhibition: what, when, where and how?. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 29 6 (2005) 963-976
247. Zuckerman L., Rimmerman N., and Weiner I. Latent inhibition in 35-day-old rats is not an "adult" latent inhibition: implications for neurodevelopmental models of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 169 3-4 (2003) 298-307