Sarcosine or D-serine add-on treatment for acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Archives of General Psychiatry

Volumn 62, Issue 11, 2005, Pages 1196-1204

  Lane, Hsien Yuan ^a   Chang, Yue Cune ^b   Liu, Yi Ching ^a   Chiu, Chih Chiang ^c,d   Tsai, Guochuan E ^d,e  

^a CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^b TAMKANG UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^c Department of Psychiatry ^*  (Taiwan)

^d MCLEAN HOSPITAL   (United States)

^e HARBOR UCLA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BENZATROPINE; DEXTRO SERINE; GLYCINE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; LORAZEPAM; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; PLACEBO; RISPERIDONE; SARCOSINE;

ACUTE DISEASE; ADD ON THERAPY; ADULT; AGITATION; ARTICLE; BODY WEIGHT DISORDER; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITION; CONSTIPATION; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOM; FEMALE; HEART PALPITATION; HUMAN; INSOMNIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL PATIENT; MONOTHERAPY; MULTICENTER STUDY; ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION; POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SYNDROME SCALE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RATING SCALE; SALIVATION DISORDER; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCORING SYSTEM; SEDATION; SIDE EFFECT; WEIGHT GAIN; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

ACUTE DISEASE; ADULT; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PLACEBOS; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; RISPERIDONE; SARCOSINE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY; SERINE; STEREOISOMERISM; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 27744529018     PISSN: 0003990X     EISSN: 15383636     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.62.11.1196     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Sawa A, Snyder SH. Schizophrenia: diverse approaches to a complex disease. Science. 2002;296:692-695.
2. Wieselgren IM, Lindstrom E, Lindstrom LH. Symptoms at index admission as predictor for 1-5 year outcome in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1996;94:311-319.
3. Deutsch SI, Mastropaolo J, Schwartz BL, Rosse RB, Morihisa JMA. "Glutamatergic hypothesis" of schizophrenia: rationale for pharmacotherapy with glycine. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1989;12:1-13.
4. Tsai G, Yang P, Chung L, Lange N, Coyle JT. D-serine added to antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 1998;44:1081-1089.
5. Heresco-Levy U, Javitt DC, Ermilov M, Mordel C, Horowitz A, Kelly D. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of glycine adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 1996;169:610-617.
6. Heresco-Levy U, Javitt DC, Ermilov M, Mordel C, Silipo G, Lichtenstein M. Efficacy of high-dose glycine in the treatment of enduring negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:29-36.
7. Heresco-Levy U, Ermilov M, Lichtenberg P, Bar G, Javitt DC. High-dose glycine added to olanzapine and risperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2004;55:165-171.
8. Goff DC, Tsai G, Levitt J, Amico E, Manoach D, Schoenfeld DA, Hayden DL, McCarley R, Coyle JT. A placebo-controlled trial of D-cycloserine added to conventional neuroleptics in patients with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:21-27.
9. Heresco-Levy U, Ermilov M, Shimoni J, Shapira B, Silipo G, Javitt DC. Placebo-controlled trial of D-cycloserine added to conventional neuroleptics, olanzapine, or risperidone in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159:480-482.
10. Tsai G, Yang P, Chang Y, Chong M. D-alanine added to antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;Sept 8, [Epub ahead of print].
11. Mcbain CJ, Kleckner NW, Wyrick S, Dingledine R. Structural requirements for activation of the glycine coagonist site of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Mol Pharmacol. 1989;36:556-565.
12. Tsai G, Lane HY, Yang P, Chong MY, Lange N. Glycine transporter I inhibitor, N-methylglycine (sarcosine), added to antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2004;55:452-456.
13. Herdon HJ, Godfrey FM, Brown AM, Coulton S, Evans JR, Cairns WJ. Pharmacological assessment of the role of the glycine transporter GlyT-1 in mediating high-affinity glycine uptake by rat cerebral cortex and cerebellum synaptosomes. Neuropharmacology. 2001;41:88-96.
14. Bergeron R, Meyer T, Coyle J, Greene R. Modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function by glycine transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998;95:15 730-15 734.
15. Chen L, Muhlhauser M, Yang CR. Glycine transporter-1 blockade potentiates NMDA-mediated responses in rat prefrontal cortical neurons in vitro and in vivo. J Neurophysiol. 2003;89:691-703.
16. Johnson KW, Clemens-Smith A, Nomikos G, Davis R, Phebus L, Shannon H, Love P, Perry K, Katner J, Bymaster F, Yu H, Hoffman BJ. In vivo characterization of changes in glycine levels induced by GlyT1 inhibitors. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003;1003:412-414.
17. Javitt DC, Balla A, Sershen H, Lajtha AAE. A.E. Bennett Research Award: reversal of phencyclidine-induced effects by glycine and glycine transport inhibitors. Biol Psychiatry. 1999;45:668-679.
18. Javitt DC, Balla A, Burch S, Suckow R, Xie S, Sershen H. Reversal of phencyclidine-induced dopaminergic dysregulation by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor/glycinesite agonists. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004;29:300-307.
19. Tsai G, Ralph-Williams RJ, Martina M, Bergeron R, Berger-Sweeney J, Dunham KS, Jiang Z, Caine SB, Coyle JT. Gene knockout study of glycine transporter type 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:8485-8490.
20. Smith KE, Borden LA, Hartig PR, Branchek T, Weinshank RL. Cloning and expression of a glycine transporter reveal colocalization with NMDA receptors. Neuron. 1992;8:927-935.
21. American Psychiatric Association. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1994.
22. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1994.
23. Kay SR, Opler LA, Fiszbein A. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) manual. Schizophr Bull. 1987;13:261-276.
24. Lindenmayer JP, Bernstein-Hyman R, Grochowski S. Five-factor model of schizophrenia: initial validation. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1994;182:631-638.
25. Lane HY, Chiu WC, Chou JCY, Wu ST, Su MH, Chang WH. Risperidone in acutely exacerbated schizophrenia: dosing strategies and plasma levels. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61:209-214.
26. Lane HY, Chang YC, Chiu CC, Lee SH, Lin CY, Chang WH. Fine-tuning risperidone dosage for acute schizophrenia: clinical determinants. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004;172:393-399.
27. Hoyberg OJ, Fensbo C, Remvig J, Lingjaerde O, Sloth-Nielsen M, Salvesen I. Risperidone versus perphenazine in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients with acute exacerbations. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1993;88:395-402.
28. Huttunen MO, Piepponen T, Rantanen H, Larmo I, Nyholm R, Raitasuo V. Risperidone versus zuclopenthixol in the treatment of acute schizophrenic episodes: a double-blind parallel-group trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1995;91:271-277.
29. Blin O, Azorin JM, Bouhours P. Antipsychotic and anxiolytic properties of risperidone, haloperidol, and methotrimeprazine in schizophrenic patients. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1996;16:38-44.
30. Pappas D, Konitsiotis S, Liakos A. Risperidone in the treatment of acute schizophrenic episodes [abstract]. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 1997;7(suppl 2):206.
31. Peuskens J, Bech P, Moller HJ, Bale R, Fleurot O, Rein W; Amisulpride Study Group. Amisulpride vs. risperidone in the treatment of acute exacerbations of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 1999;88:107-117.
32. Zhang XY, Zhou DF, Cao LY, Zhang PY, Wu GY, Shen YC. Risperidone versus haloperidol in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic inpatients with schizophrenia: a randomized double-blind study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001;16:325-330.
33. Lane HY, Chang WH. Risperidone-carbamazepine interactions: is cytochrome P450 3A involved? J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59:430-431.
34. Andreasen NC. Scales for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Iowa City: University of Iowa; 1983.
35. Simpson GM, Angus JWS. A rating scale for extrapyramidal side effects. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1970;212:11-19.
36. Guy W. ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology. Washington, DC: US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare; 1976.
37. Barnes TRE. A rating scale for the drug-induced akathesia. Br J Psychiatry. 1989;154:672-676.
38. Lingjaerde O, Ahlfors UG, Bech P, Dencker SJ, Elgen K. The UKU Side Effect Rating Scale: a new comprehensive rating scale for psychotropic drugs and cross-sectional study of side effects in neuroleptic-treated patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1987;334(suppl):1-100.
39. Lange N, Ryan L. Assessing normality in random effects models. Ann Stat. 1989;17:624-642.
40. Zeger SL, Liang KY, Albert PS. Models for longitudinal data: a generalized estimating equation approach. Biometrics. 1988;44:1049-1106.
41. Heresco-Levy U, Javitt DC. Comparative effects of glycine and D-cycloserine on persistent negative symptoms in schizophrenia: a retrospective analysis. Schizophr Res. 2004;66:89-96.
42. Shaw K, Turner J, Del Mar C. Are tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan effective treatments for depression? a meta-analysis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2002;36:488-491.
43. Coyle JT. The glutamatergic dysfunction hypothesis for schizophrenia. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 1996;3:241-253.
44. Heresco-Levy U, Silipo G, Javitt DC. Glycinergic augmentation of NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission in the treatment of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1996;32:731-740.
45. Tsai G, van Kammen D, Chen S, Kelley ME, Coyle JT. Glutamatergic neurotransmission involves structural and clinical deficits of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 1998;44:667-674.
46. Eschenbrenner M, Jorns MS. Cloning and mapping of the cDNA for human sarcosine dehydrogenase, a flavoenzyme defective in patients with sarcosinemia. Genomics. 1999;59:300-308.
47. Levy HL, Coulombe JT, Benjamin R. Massachusetts Metabolic Disorders Screening Program, III: sarcosinemia. Pediatrics. 1984;74:509-513.
48. Harding CO, Williams P, Pflanzer DM, Colwell RE, Lyne PW, Wolff JA. Sar: a genetic mouse model for human sarcosinemia generated by ethylnitrosourea mutagenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992;89:2644-2648.
49. Gomeza J, Hulsmann S, Ohno K, Eulenburg V, Szoke K, Richter D, Betz H. Inactivation of the glycine transporter 1 gene discloses vital role of glial glycine uptake in glycinergic inhibition. Neuron. 2003;40:785-796.
50. Williams RE, Lock EA. D-Serine-induced nephrotoxicity: possible interaction with tyrosine metabolism. Toxicology. 2004;201:231-238.
51. Silbernagl S, O'Donovan DJ, Völker K. D-serine nephrotoxicity is mediated by oxidative damage. Pflugers Arch. 1997;433:R37.