Attentional functions of cortical cholinergic inputs: What does it mean for learning and memory?

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

Volumn 80, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 245-256

  Sarter, Martin ^a   Bruno, John P ^a   Givens, Ben ^a  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCHOLINE;

ACETYLCHOLINE RELEASE; ATTENTION; BRAIN CORTEX; CHOLINERGIC ACTIVITY; CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM; COGNITION; CONFERENCE PAPER; DISSOCIATION; DOWN REGULATION; EXERCISE; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMAN; LEARNING; MEMORY; NONHUMAN; SEMANTICS; TASK PERFORMANCE;

EID: 0141651755     PISSN: 10747427     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1074-7427(03)00070-4     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (148)

1. Acquas E., Wilson C., Fibiger H.C. Conditioned and unconditioned stimuli increase frontal cortical and hippocampal acetylcholine release: Effects of novelty, habituation, and fear. Journal of Neuroscience. 16:1996;3089-3096.
2. Ahissar M., Hochstein S. Attentional control of early perceptual learning. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences USA. 90:1993;5718-5722.
3. Arnold H.M., Burk J.A., Hodgson E.M., Sarter M., Bruno J.P. Differential cortical acetylcholine release in rats performing a sustained attention task versus behavioral control tasks that do not explicitly tax attention. Neuroscience. 114:2002;451-460.
4. Aston-Jones G., Rajkowski J., Kubiak P., Valentino R.J., Shipley M.T. Role of the locus coeruleus in emotional activation. Progress in Brain Research. 107:1996;379-402.
5. Aston-Jones G., Shipley M.T., Chouvet G., Ennis M., van Bockstaele E., Pieribone V., Shiekhattar R., Akaoka H., Drolet G., Astier B.et al. Afferent regulation of locus coeruleus neurons: Anatomy, physiology and pharmacology. Progress in Brain Research. 88:1991;47-75.
6. Bailey A.M., Rudisill M.L., Hoof E.J., Loving M.L. 192 IgG-saporin lesions to the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (nBM) disrupt acquisition of learning set formation. Brain Research. 969:2003;147-159.
7. Bannon A.W., Curzon P., Gunther K.L., Decker M.W. Effects of intraseptal injection of 192-IgG-saporin in mature and aged Long-Evans rats. Brain Research. 718:1996;25-36.
8. Bartus R.T. On neurodegenerative diseases, models, and treatment strategies: Lessons learned and lessons forgotten a generation following the cholinergic hypothesis. Experimental Neurology. 163:2000;495-529.
9. Baxter M.G., Bucci D.J., Gorman L.K., Wiley R.G., Gallagher M. Selective immunotoxic lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic cells: Effects on learning and memory in rats. Behavioral Neuroscience. 109:1995;714-722.
10. Baxter M.G., Bucci D.J., Holland P.C., Gallagher M. Impairments in conditioned stimulus processing and conditioned responding after combined selective removal of hippocampal and neocortical cholinergic input. Behavioral Neuroscience. 113:1999;486-495.
11. Baxter M.G., Bucci D.J., Sobel T.J., Williams M.J., Gorman L.K., Gallagher M. Intact spatial learning following lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. Neuroreport. 7:1996;1417-1420.
12. Baxter M.G., Holland P.C., Gallagher M. Disruption of decrements in conditioned stimulus processing by selective removal of hippocampal cholinergic input. Journal of Neuroscience. 17:1997;5230-5236.
13. Baxter M.G., Murg S.L. The basal forebrain cholinergic system and memory. Beware of dogma. Squire L.R., Schachter D.L. Neuropsychology of memory. 2002;425-436 The Guilford Press, New York.
14. Berger-Sweeney J., Heckers S., Mesulam M.M., Wiley R.G., Lappi D.A., Sharma M. Differential effects on spatial navigation of immunotoxin-induced cholinergic lesions of the medial septal area and nucleus basalis magnocellularis. Journal of Neuroscience. 14:1994;4507-4519.
15. Berger-Sweeney J., Stearns N.A., Frick K.M., Beard B., Baxter M.G. Cholinergic basal forebrain is critical for social transmission of food preferences. Hippocampus. 10:2000;729-738.
16. Berntson G.G., Cacioppo J.T., Sarter M. Bottom-up: Implications for neurobehavioral models of anxiety and autonomic regulation. Davidson R.J., Scherer K.R., Goldsmith H.H. Handbook of affective neuroscience. 2003;1105-1116 Oxford University Press, Oxford.
17. Berntson G.G., Sarter M., Cacioppo J.T. Anxiety and cardiovascular reactivity: The basal forebrain cholinergic link. Behavioral Brain Research. 94:1998;225-248.
18. Berntson G.G., Shafi R., Knox D., Sarter M. Blockade of epinephrine priming of the cerebral auditory evoked response by cortical cholinergic deafferentation. Neuroscience. 116:2003;179-186.
19. Berntson G.G., Shafi R., Sarter M. Specific contributions of the basal forebrain corticopetal cholinergic system to electroencephalographic activity and sleep/waking behaviour. European Journal of Neuroscience. 16:2002;2453-2461.
20. Brown M.F. Does a cognitive map guide choices in the radial-arm maze. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes. 18:1992;56-66.
21. Bucci D.J., Holland P.C., Gallagher M. Removal of cholinergic input to rat posterior parietal cortex disrupts incremental processing of conditioned stimuli. Journal of Neuroscience. 18:1998;8038-8046.
22. Bunge S.A., Ochsner K.N., Desmond J.E., Glover G.H., Gabrieli J.D. Prefrontal regions involved in keeping information in and out of mind. Brain. 124:2001;2074-2086.
23. Burton H., Abend N.S., MacLeod A.M., Sinclair R.J., Snyder A.Z., Raichle M.E. Tactile attention tasks enhance activation in somatosensory regions of parietal cortex: A positron emission tomography study. Cerebral Cortex. 9:1999;662-674.
24. Butt A.E., Bowman T.D. Transverse patterning reveals a dissociation of simple and configural association learning abilities in rats with 192 IgG-saporin lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. 77:2002;211-233.
25. Buzsaki G., Bickford R.G., Armstrong D.M., Ponomareff G., Chen K.S., Ruiz R., Thal L.J., Gage F.H. Electric activity in the neocortex of freely moving young and aged rats. Neuroscience. 26:1988;735-744.
26. Cahill J.F., Baxter M.G. Cholinergic and noncholinergic septal neurons modulate strategy selection in spatial learning. European Journal of Neuroscience. 14:2001;1856-1864.
27. Cape E.G., Jones B.E. Differential modulation of high-frequency gamma-electroencephalogram activity and sleep-wake state by noradrenaline and serotonin microinjections into the region of cholinergic basalis neurons. Journal of Neuroscience. 18:1998;2653-2666.
28. Carli M., Robbins T.W., Evenden J.L., Everitt B.J. Effects of lesions to ascending noradrenergic neurones on performance of a 5-choice serial reaction task in rats; implications for theories of dorsal noradrenergic bundle function based on selective attention and arousal. Behavioral Brain Research. 9:1983;361-380.
29. Carrillo M.C., Gabrieli J.D.E., Disterhoft J.F. Selective effects of division of attention on discrimination conditioning. Psychobiology. 28:2000;293-302.
30. Celesia G.G., Jasper H.H. Acetylcholine released from cerebral cortex in relation to state of activation. Neurology. 16:1966;1053-1063.
31. Chang Q., Gold P.E. Switching memory systems during learning: Changes in patterns of brain acetylcholine release in the hippocampus and striatum in rats. Journal of Neuroscience. 23:2003;3001-3005.
32. Chappell J., McMahan R., Chiba A., Gallagher M. A re-examination of the role of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in spatial working memory. Neuropharmacology. 37:1998;481-487.
33. Chiba A.A., Bushnell P.J., Oshiro W.M., Gallagher M. Selective removal of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain alters cued target detection. Neuroreport. 10:1999;3119-3123.
34. Chun M.M., Jiang Y. Contextual cuing: Implicit learning and memory of visual context guides spatial attention. Cognitive Psychology. 36:1998;28-71.
35. Clayton E.C., Williams C.L. Noradrenergic receptor blockade of the NTS attenuates the mnemonic effects of epinephrine in an appetitive light-dark discrimination learning task. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. 74:2000;135-145.
36. Craik F.I., Govoni R., Naveh-Benjamin M., Anderson N.D. The effects of divided attention on encoding and retrieval processes in human memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology - General. 125:1996;159-180.
37. Dalley J.W., McGaughy J., O'Connell M.T., Cardinal R.N., Levita L., Robbins T.W. Distinct changes in cortical acetylcholine and noradrenaline efflux during contingent and noncontingent performance of a visual attentional task. Journal of Neuroscience. 21:2001;4908-4914.
38. Day J., Damsma G., Fibiger H.C. Cholinergic activity in the rat hippocampus, cortex and striatum correlates with locomotor activity: An in vivo microdialysis study. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavoir. 38:1991;723-729.
39. Day L.B., Weisand M., Sutherland R.J., Schallert T. The hippocampus is not necessary for a place response but may be necessary for pliancy. Behavioral Neuroscience. 113:1999;914-924.
40. De Rosa E., Hasselmo M.E., Baxter M.G. Contribution of the cholinergic basal forebrain to proactive interference from stored odor memories during associative learning in rats. Behavioral Neuroscience. 115:2001;314-327.
41. Dekker A.J., Connor D.J., Thal L.J. The role of cholinergic projections from the nucleus basalis in memory. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 15:1991;299-317.
42. Desimone R., Duncan J. Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention. Annual Review of Neuroscience. 18:1995;193-222.
43. Dornan W.A., McCampbell A.R., Tinkler G.P., Hickman L.J., Bannon A.W., Decker M.W., Gunther K.L. Comparison of site-specific injections into the basal forebrain on water maze and radial arm maze performance in the male rat after immunolesioning with 192 IgG saporin. Behavioral Brain Research. 82:1996;93-101.
44. Dougherty K.D., Turchin P.I., Walsh T.J. Septocingulate and septohippocampal cholinergic pathways: Involvement in working/episodic memory. Brain Research. 810:1998;59-71.
45. Drachman D.A. Memory and cognitive function in man: Does the cholinergic system have a specific role. Neurology. 27:1977;783-790.
46. Drachman D.A., Sahakian B. Effects of cholinergic agents on human learning and memory. Barbeau A., Growdon J.H., Wurtman R.J. Nutrition and the brain. 1979;351-365 Raven Press, New York.
47. Dragoi V., Staddon J.E.R. The dynamics of operant conditioning. Psychological Review. 106:1999;20-61.
48. Dunnett S.B., Everitt B.J., Robbins T.W. The basal forebrain-cortical cholinergic system: Interpreting the functional consequences of excitotoxic lesions. Trends in Neuroscience. 14:1991;494-501.
49. Egeth H.E., Yantis S. Visual attention: Control, representation, and time course. Annual Review of Psychology. 48:1997;269-297.
50. Everitt B.J., Robbins T.W. Central cholinergic systems and cognition. Annual Review of Psychology. 48:1997;649-684.
51. Fadel J., Sarter M., Bruno J.P. Basal forebrain glutamatergic modulation of cortical acetylcholine release. Synapse. 39:2001;201-212.
52. Fernandes M.A., Moscovitch M. Divided attention and memory: Evidence of substantial interference effects at retrieval and encoding. Journal of Experimental Psychology - General. 129:2000;155-176.
53. Gill T.M., Sarter M., Givens B. Sustained visual attention performance-associated prefrontal neuronal activity: Evidence for cholinergic modulation. Journal of Neuroscience. 20:2000;4745-4757.
54. Giovannini M.G., Rakovska A., Benton R.S., Pazzagli M., Bianchi L., Pepeu G. Effects of novelty and habituation on acetylcholine, GABA, and glutamate release from the frontal cortex and hippocampus of freely moving rats. Neuroscience. 106:2001;43-53.
55. Gutierrez H., Gutierrez R., Silva-Gandarias R., Estrada J., Miranda M.I., Bermudez-Rattoni F. Differential effects of 192IgG-saporin and NMDA-induced lesions into the basal forebrain on cholinergic activity and taste aversion memory formation. Brain Research. 834:1999;136-141.
56. Hasselmo M.E. Neuromodulation and the hippocampus: Memory function and dysfunction in a network simulation. Progress in Brain Research. 121:1999;3-18.
57. Hasselmo M.E. Neuromodulation: Acetylcholine and memory consolidation. Trends in Cognitive Science. 3:1999;351-359.
58. Hasselmo M.E., Bodelon C., Wyble B.P. A proposed function for hippocampal theta rhythm: Separate phases of encoding and retrieval enhance reversal of prior learning. Neural Computation. 14:2002;793-817.
59. Hasselmo M.E., Hay J., Ilyn M., Gorchetchnikov A. Neuromodulation, theta rhythm and rat spatial navigation. Neural Network. 15:2002;689-707.
60. Himmelheber A.M., Sarter M., Bruno J.P. Operant performance and cortical acetylcholine release: Role of response rate, reward density, and non-contingent stimuli. Brain Research and Cognitive Brain Research. 6:1997;23-36.
61. Himmelheber A.M., Sarter M., Bruno J.P. Increases in cortical acetylcholine release during sustained attention performance in rats. Brain Research and Cognitive Brain Research. 9:2000;313-325.
62. Himmelheber A.M., Sarter M., Bruno J.P. The effects of manipulations of attentional demand on cortical acetylcholine release. Brain Research and Cognitive Brain Research. 12:2001;353-370.
63. Hironaka N., Tanaka K., Izaki Y., Hori K., Nomura M. Memory-related acetylcholine efflux from rat prefrontal cortex and hippocampus: A microdialysis study. Brain Research. 901:2001;143-150.
64. Hohnsbein J., Falkenstein M., Hoormann J., Blanke L. Effects of crossmodal divided attention on late ERP components. I. Simple and choice reaction tasks. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. 78:1991;438-446.
65. Holley L.A., Turchi J., Apple C., Sarter M. Dissociation between the attentional effects of infusions of a benzodiazepine receptor agonist and an inverse agonist into the basal forebrain. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 120:1995;99-108.
66. Holley L.A., Wiley R.G., Lappi D.A., Sarter M. Cortical cholinergic deafferentation following the intracortical infusion of 192 IgG-saporin: A quantitative histochemical study. Brain Research. 663:1994;277-286.
67. Hopfinger J.B., Buonocore M.H., Mangun G.R. The neural mechanisms of top-down attentional control. Nature Neuroscience. 3:2000;284-291.
68. Hopfinger J.B., Woldorff M.G., Fletcher E.M., Mangun G.R. Dissociating top-down attentional control from selective perception and action. Neuropsychologia. 39:2001;1277-1291.
69. Hortnagl H., Hellweg R. Insights into the role of the cholinergic component of the septohippocampal pathway: What have we learned from experimental lesion studies? Brain Research Bulletein. 43:1997;245-255.
70. Ikonen S., McMahan R., Gallagher M., Eichenbaum H., Tanila H. Cholinergic system regulation of spatial representation by the hippocampus. Hippocampus. 12:2002;386-397.
71. Inglis F.M., Day J.C., Fibiger H.C. Enhanced acetylcholine release in hippocampus and cortex during the anticipation and consumption of a palatable meal. Neuroscience. 62:1994;1049-1056.
72. Inglis F.M., Fibiger H.C. Increases in hippocampal and frontal cortical acetylcholine release associated with presentation of sensory stimuli. Neuroscience. 66:1995;81-86.
73. Iso H., Ueki A., Shinjo H., Miwa C., Morita Y. Reinforcement enhances hippocampal acetylcholine release in rats: An in vivo microdialysis study. Behavioral Brain Research. 101:1999;207-213.
74. Kastner S., Ungerleider L.G. Mechanisms of visual attention in the human cortex. Annual Review of Neuroscience. 23:2000;315-341.
75. Koelega H.S., Brinkman J.A., Zwep B., Verbaten M.N. Dynamic vs static stimuli and their effect on visual vigilance performance. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 70:1990;823-831.
76. Lindner M.D., Plone M.A., Schallert T., Emerich D.F. Blind rats are not profoundly impaired in the reference memory Morris water maze and cannot be clearly discriminated from rats with cognitive deficits in the cued platform task. Brain Research and Cognitive Brain Research. 5:1997;329-333.
77. Logan G.D., Gordon R.D. Executive control of visual attention in dual-task situations. Psychological Review. 108:2001;393-434.
78. Mackintosh N.J. The psychology of animal learning. 1974;Academic Press, London.
79. Mark G.P., Rada P.V., Shors T.J. Inescapable stress enhances extracellular acetylcholine in the rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex but not the nucleus accumbens or amygdala. Neuroscience. 74:1996;767-774.
80. Marsh R.L., Hicks J.L. Event-based prospective memory and executive control of working memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning and Memory Cognition. 24:1998;336-349.
81. McGaugh J.L. Memory consolidation and the amygdala: A systems perspective. Trends in Neuroscience. 25:2002;456.
82. McGaughy J., Dalley J.W., Morrison C.H., Everitt B.J., Robbins T.W. Selective behavioral and neurochemical effects of cholinergic lesions produced by intrabasalis infusions of 192 IgG-saporin on attentional performance in a five-choice serial reaction time task. Journal of Neuroscience. 22:2002;1905-1913.
83. McGaughy J., Everitt B.J., Robbins T.W., Sarter M. The role of cortical cholinergic afferent projections in cognition: Impact of new selective immunotoxins. Behavioral Brain Research. 115:2000;251-263.
84. McGaughy J., Kaiser T., Sarter M. Behavioral vigilance following infusions of 192 IgG-saporin into the basal forebrain: Selectivity of the behavioral impairment and relation to cortical AChE-positive fiber density. Behavioral Neuroscience. 110:1996;247-265.
85. McGaughy J., Sandstrom M., Ruland S., Bruno J.P., Sarter M. Lack of effects of lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle on behavioral vigilance. Behavioral Neuroscience. 111:1997;646-652.
86. McGaughy J., Sarter M. Behavioral vigilance in rats: Task validation and effects of age, amphetamine, and benzodiazepine receptor ligands. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 117:1995;340-357.
87. McGaughy J., Sarter M. Sustained attention performance in rats with intracortical infusions of 192 IgG-saporin-induced cortical cholinergic deafferentation: Effects of physostigmine and FG 7142. Behavioral Neuroscience. 112:1998;1519-1525.
88. McGaughy J., Turchi J., Sarter M. Crossmodal divided attention in rats: Effects of chlordiazepoxide and scopolamine. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 115:1994;213-220.
89. McIntyre C.K., Pal S.N., Marriott L.K., Gold P.E. Competition between memory systems: Acetylcholine release in the hippocampus correlates negatively with good performance on an amygdala-dependent task. Journal of Neuroscience. 22:2002;1171-1176.
90. McMahan R.W., Sobel T.J., Baxter M.G. Selective immunolesions of hippocampal cholinergic input fail to impair spatial working memory. Hippocampus. 7:1997;130-136.
91. Means L.W., Alexander S.R., O'Neal M.F. Those cheating rats: Male and female rats use odor trails in a water-escape working memory task. Behavioral Neural Biology. 58:1992;144-151.
92. Metherate R., Weinberger N.M. Acetylcholine produces stimulus-specific receptive field alterations in cat auditory cortex. Brain Research. 480:1989;372-377.
93. Metherate R., Weinberger N.M. Cholinergic modulation of responses to single tones produces tone-specific receptive field alterations in cat auditory cortex. Synapse. 6:1990;133-145.
94. Miyashita Y., Hayashi T. Neural representation of visual objects: Encoding and top-down activation. Currents in Opinion Neurobiology. 10:2000;187-194.
95. Moore H., Sarter M., Bruno J.P. Bidirectional modulation of stimulated cortical acetylcholine release by benzodiazepine receptor ligands. Brain Research. 627:1993;267-274.
96. Moore H., Sarter M., Bruno J.P. Bidirectional modulation of cortical acetylcholine efflux by infusion of benzodiazepine receptor ligands into the basal forebrain. Neuroscience Letters. 189:1995;31-34.
97. Murphy P.C., Sillito A.M. Cholinergic enhancement of direction selectivity in the visual cortex of the cat. Neuroscience. 40:1991;13-20.
98. Naveh-Benjamin M., Craik F.I., Guez J., Dori H. Effects of divided attention on encoding and retrieval processes in human memory: Further support for an asymmetry. Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning and Memory Cognition. 24:1998;1091-1104.
99. Nelson C.L., Sarter M., Bruno J.P. Glutamatergic or cholinergic stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex increases acetylcholine release in the posterior parietal cortex. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts. 28:2002;674-677.
100. Nissen M.J., Bullemer P. Attentional requirements of learning: Evidence from performance measures. Cognitive Psychology. 19:1987;1-32.
101. Orsetti M., Casamenti F., Pepeu G. Enhanced acetylcholine release in the hippocampus and cortex during acquisition of an operant behavior. Brain Research. 724:1996;89-96.
102. Parasuraman, R. (1986). Vigilance, monitoring and search. In Boff, K., Kaufman, & L., Thomas, J. Handbook of perception and human performance. Vol. 2: Cognitive processes and performance (pp. 43-1-43-39). New York: Wiley & Sons.
103. Parasuraman R., Mouloua M. Interaction between signal discriminability and task type in vigilance decrement. Perception & Psychophysics. 41:1987;17-22.
104. Passetti F., Dalley J.W., O'Connell M.T., Everitt B.J., Robbins T.W. Increased acetylcholine release in the rat medial prefrontal cortex during performance of a visual attentional task. European Journal of Neuroscience. 12:2000;3051-3058.
105. Pearce J.M., Bouton M.E. Theories of associative learning in animals. Annual Review of Psychology. 52:2001;111-139.
106. Pearce J.M., Hall G. A model for Pavlovian learning: Variations in the effectiveness of conditioned but not of unconditioned stimuli. Psychological Review. 87:1980;532-552.
107. Pepeu G., Mantegazzini P. Midbrain hemisection: Effect on cortical acetylcholine in the cat. Science. 145:1964;1069-1070.
108. Phillis J.W. Acetylcholine release from the cerebral cortex: Its role in cortical arousal. Brain Research. 7:1968;378-389.
109. Phillis J.W., Chong G.C. Acetylcholine release from the cerebral and cerebellar cortices: Its role in cortical arousal. Nature. 207:1965;1253-1255.
110. Posner M.I., Petersen S.E. The attention system of the human brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience. 13:1990;25-42.
111. Power A.E., Thal L.J., McGaugh J.L. Lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis induced by 192 IgG-saporin block memory enhancement with posttraining norepinephrine in the basolateral amygdala. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences USA. 99:2002;2315-2319.
112. Ragozzino M.E., Pal S.N., Unick K., Stefani M.R., Gold P.E. Modulation of hippocampal acetylcholine release and spontaneous alternation scores by intrahippocampal glucose injections. Journal of Neuroscience. 18:1998;1595-1601.
113. Ridley R.M., Barefoot H.C., Maclean C.J., Pugh P., Baker H.F. Different effects on learning ability after injection of the cholinergic immunotoxin ME20.4IgG-saporin into the diagonal band of Broca, basal nucleus of Meynert, or both in monkeys. Behavioral Neuroscience. 113:1999;303-315.
114. Robbins T.W., Everitt B.J. Arousal systems and attention. Gazzaniga M.S. The cognitive neurosciences. 1995;703-720 MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
115. Rowe J., Friston K., Frackowiak R., Passingham R. Attention to action: Specific modulation of corticocortical interactions in humans. Neuroimage. 17:2002;988-998.
116. Sarter M., Bruno J.P. The neglected constituent of the basal forebrain corticopetal projection system: GABAergic projections. European Journal of Neuroscience. 15:2002;1867-1873.
117. Sarter M., Bruno J.P. Vigilance. Ramachandran V.S. Encyclopedia of the human brain. 2002;687-699 Academic Press/Elsevier Science, San Diego.
118. Sarter M., Bruno J.P., Berntson G.G. Reticular activating system. Nadel L. Encyclopedia of cognitive science: Neuroscience. 2002;963-967 Nature Publishing Group, Lonon.
119. Sarter M., Draut A., Herzog C.D., Bruno J.P. Effects of septohippocampal cholinergic deafferentation on attention and learning. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts. 28:2002;674-678.
120. Sarter M., Givens B., Bruno J.P. The cognitive neuroscience of sustained attention: Where top-down meets bottom-up. Brain Research and Brain Research Review. 35:2001;146-160.
121. Sarter M., McGaughy J. Assessment of sustained and divided attention in rats: Aspects of validity [comment]. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 138:1998;260-262. discussion 263-265.
122. Shen J., Barnes C.A., Wenk G.L., McNaughton B.L. Differential effects of selective immunotoxic lesions of medial septal cholinergic cells on spatial working and reference memory. Behavioral Neuroscience. 110:1996;1181-1186.
123. Shulman G.L., Corbetta M., Buckner R.L., Raichle M.E., Fiez J.A., Miezin F.M., Petersen S.E. Top-down modulation of early sensory cortex. Cerebral Cortex. 7:1997;193-206.
124. Smith A.T., Singh K.D., Greenlee M.W. Attentional suppression of activity in the human visual cortex. Neuroreport. 11:2000;271-277.
125. Spear N.E., Miller J.S., Jagielo J.A. Animal memory and learning. Annual Review of Psychology. 41:1990;169-211.
126. Szerb J.C. Cortical acetylcholine release and electroencephalographic arousal. Journal of Physiology. 192:1967;329-343.
127. Tomita H., Ohbayashi M., Nakahara K., Hasegawa I., Miyashita Y. Top-down signal from prefrontal cortex in executive control of memory retrieval. Nature. 401:1999;699-703.
128. Torres E.M., Perry T.A., Blockland A., Wilkinson L.S., Wiley R.G., Lappi D.A., Dunnet S.B. Behavioural, histochemical and biochemical consequences of selective immunolesions in discrete regions of the basal forebrain cholinergic system. Neuroscience. 63:1994;95-122.
129. Treisman A.M., Gelade G. A feature-integration theory of attention. Cognitive Psychology. 12:1980;97-136.
130. Turchi J., Sarter M. Cortical acetylcholine and processing capacity: Effects of cortical cholinergic deafferentation on crossmodal divided attention in rats. Brain Research and Cognitive Brain Research. 6:1997;147-158.
131. Turchi J., Sarter M. Cortical cholinergic inputs mediate processing capacity: Effects of 192 IgG-saporin-induced lesions on olfactory span performance. European Journal of Neuroscience. 12:2000;4505-4514.
132. Turchi J., Sarter M. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide-induced suppression of basal forebrain NMDA-NR1 subunits selectively impairs visual attentional performance in rats. European Journal of Neuroscience. 14:2001;103-117.
133. Turchi J., Sarter M. Bidirectional modulation of basal forebrain N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function differentially affects visual attention but not visual discrimination performance. Neuroscience. 104:2001;407-417.
134. Vale-Martinez A., Baxter M.G., Eichenbaum H. Selective lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons produce anterograde and retrograde deficits in a social transmission of food preference task in rats. European Journal of Neuroscience. 16:2002;983-998.
135. Van Bockstaele E.J., Aston-Jones G. Collateralized projections from neurons in the rostral medulla to the nucleus locus coeruleus, the nucleus of the solitary tract and the periaqueductal gray. Neuroscience. 49:1992;653-668.
136. Vizi E.S., Kiss J.P. Neurochemistry and pharmacology of the major hippocampal transmitter systems: Synaptic and nonsynaptic interactions. Hippocampus. 8:1998;566-607.
137. Voytko M.L. Cognitive functions of the basal forebrain cholinergic system in monkeys: Memory or attention? Behavioral Brain Research. 75:1996;13-25.
138. Voytko M.L., Olton D.S., Richardson R.T., Gorman L.K., Tobin J.R., Price D.L. Basal forebrain lesions in monkeys disrupt attention but not learning and memory. Journal of Neuroscience. 14:1994;167-186.
139. Warburton D.M., Wesnes K. Drugs as research tools in psychology: Cholinergic drugs and information processing. Neuropsychobiology. 11:1984;121-132.
140. Wenk G.L., Stoehr J.D., Quintana G., Mobley S., Wiley R.G. Behavioral, biochemical, histological, and electrophysiological effects of 192 IgG-saporin injections into the basal forebrain of rats. Journal of Neuroscience. 14:1994;5986-5995.
141. Whishaw I.Q. Dissociating performance and learning deficits on spatial navigation tasks in rats subjected to cholinergic muscarinic blockade. Brain Research Bulletein. 23:1989;347-358.
142. Whishaw I.Q., Hines D.J., Wallace D.G. Dead reckoning (path integration) requires the hippocampal formation: Evidence from spontaneous exploration and spatial learning tasks in light (allothetic) and dark (idiothetic) tests. Behavioral Brain Research. 127:2001;49-69.
143. Wiley R.G., Oeltmann T.N., Lappi D.A. Immunolesioning: Selective destruction of neurons using immunotoxin to rat NGF receptor. Brain Research. 562:1991;149-153.
144. Williams C.L., McGaugh J.L. Reversible lesions of the nucleus of the solitary tract attenuate the memory-modulating effects of posttraining epinephrine. Behavioral Neuroscience. 107:1993;955-962.
145. Woolf N.J. Cholinergic systems in mammalian brain and spinal cord. Progress in Neurobiology. 37:1991;475-524.
146. Wrenn C.C., Lappi D.A., Wiley R.G. Threshold relationship between lesion extent of the cholinergic basal forebrain in the rat and working memory impairment in the radial maze. Brain Research. 847:1999;284-298.
147. Yu A.J., Dayan P. Acetylcholine in cortical inference. Neural Network. 15:2002;719-730.
148. Zaborszky L., Gaykema R.P., Swanson D.J., Cullinan W.E. Cortical input to the basal forebrain. Neuroscience. 79:1997;1051-1078.