Induction, function and regulation of IL-17-producing T cells

European Journal of Immunology

Volumn 38, Issue 10, 2008, Pages 2636-2649

  Mills, Kingston H G ^a  

^a TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

Author keywords

Autoimmunity; IL 17; Infection; Inflammation

Indexed keywords

CD4 ANTIGEN; CD8 ANTIGEN; CHEMOKINE; CYTOKINE; GAMMA INTERFERON; GAMMA INTERFERON ANTIBODY; GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE ANTIBODY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ANTIBODY; INTERLEUKIN 1 ANTIBODY; INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; INTERLEUKIN 10 ANTIBODY; INTERLEUKIN 17; INTERLEUKIN 1ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 21; INTERLEUKIN 23; INTERLEUKIN 6; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY CD3; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; RECOMBINANT GAMMA INTERFERON; RECOMBINANT TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; T LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FOXP3; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA ANTIBODY; AUTACOID; SIGNAL PEPTIDE; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR;

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CD8+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CYTOKINE RELEASE; HUMAN; IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS; IMMUNOREGULATION; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; LYMPHOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION; MACROPHAGE; MEMORY T LYMPHOCYTE; NATURAL KILLER T CELL; NEUTROPHIL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN INDUCTION; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITION; SHORT SURVEY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TH1 CELL; ANIMAL; BIOSYNTHESIS; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CYTOLOGY; IMMUNOLOGY; IMMUNOPATHOLOGY; INFECTION; METABOLISM; REVIEW; T LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATION;

ANIMALS; CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CYTOKINES; HUMANS; IMMUNE SYSTEM DISEASES; INFECTION; INFLAMMATION MEDIATORS; INTERLEUKIN-17; INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS; T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS;

EID: 58149268052     PISSN: 00142980     EISSN: 15214141     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/eji.200838535     Document Type: Short Survey

References (114)

1. Mosmann, T. R., Cherwinski, H., Bond, M. W., Giedlin, M. A. and Coffman, R. L., Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins. J. Immunol. 1986. 136: 2348-2357.
2. Sakaguchi, S., Regulatory T cells: Key controllers of immunologic self-tolerance. Cell 2000. 101: 455-458.
3. Mills, K. H., Regulatory T cells: Friend or foe in immunity to infection? Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2004. 4: 841-855.
4. Krakowski, M., and Owens, T., Interferon-gamma confers resistance to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Eur. J. Immunol. 1996. 26: 1641-1646.
5. Vermeire, K., Heremans, H., Vandeputte, M., Huang, S., Billiau, A. and Matthys, P., Accelerated collagen-induced arthritis in IFN-gamma receptor-deficient mice. J. Immunol. 1997. 158: 5507-5513.
6. Cua, D. J., Sherlock, J., Chen, Y., Murphy, C. A., Joyce, B., Seymour, B., Lucian, L. et al., Interleukin-23 rather than interleukin-12 is the critical cytokine for autoimmune inflammation of the brain. Nature 2003. 421: 744-748.
7. Zhang, G. X., Gran, B., Yu, S., Li, J., Siglienti, I., Chen, X., Kamoun, M. and Rostami, A., Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in IL-12 receptor-beta 2-deficient mice: IL-12 responsiveness is not required in the pathogenesis of inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system. J. Immunol. 2003. 170: 2153-2160.
8. Aggarwal, S., Ghilardi, N., Xie, M. H., de Sauvage, F. J. and Gurney, A. L., Interleukin-23 promotes a distinct CD4 T cell activation state characterized by the production of interleukin-17. J. Biol. Chem. 2003. 278: 1910-1914.
9. Langrish, C. L., Chen, Y., Blumenschein, W. M., Mattson, J., Basham, B., Sedgwick, J. D., McClanahan, T. et al., IL-23 drives a pathogenic T cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation. J. Exp. Med. 2005. 201: 233-240.
10. Koenders, M. I., Lubberts, E., Oppers-Walgreen, B., van den Bersselaar, L., Helsen, M. M., Kolls, J. K., Joosten, L. A. and van den Berg, W. B., Induction of cartilage damage by overexpression of T cell interleukin-17A in experimental arthritis in mice deficient in interleukin-1. Arthritis Rheum. 2005. 52: 975-983.
11. Hue, S., Ahern, P., Buonocore, S., Kullberg, M. C., Cua, D. J., McKenzie, B. S., Powrie, F., and Maloy, K. J., Interleukin-23 drives innate and T cell-mediated intestinal inflammation. J. Exp. Med. 2006. 203: 2473-2483.
12. Elson, C. O., Cong, Y., Weaver, C. T., Schoeb, T. R., McClanahan, T. K., Fick, R. B. and Kastelein, R. A., Monoclonal anti-interleukin 23 reverses active colitis in a T cell-mediated model in mice. Gastroenterology 2007. 132: 2359-2370.
13. Ye, P., Rodriguez, F. H., Kanaly, S, Stocking, K. L., Schurr, J., Schwarzenberger, P., Oliver, P. et al., Requirement of interleukin 17 receptor signaling for lung CXC chemokine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor expression, neutrophil recruitment, and host defense. J. Exp. Med. 2001. 194: 519-527.
14. Higgins, S. C., Jarnicki, A. G., Lavelle, E. C. and Mills, K. H., TLR4 mediates vaccine-induced protective cellular immunity to Bordetella pertussis: Role of IL-17-producing T cells. J. Immunol. 2006. 177: 7980-7989.
15. Yao, Z., Painter, S. L., Fanslow, W. C., Ulrich, D., Macduff, B. M., Spriggs, M. K. and Armitage, R. J., Human IL-17: A novel cytokine derived from T cells. J. Immunol. 1995. 155: 5483-5486.
16. Matusevicius, D., Kivisakk, P., He, B., Kostulas, N., Ozenci, V., Fredrikson, S. and Link, H., Interleukin-17 mRNA expression in blood and CSF mononuclear cells is augmented in multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 1999. 5: 101-104.
17. Aarvak, T., Chabaud, M., Miossec, P. and Natvig, J. B., IL-17 is produced by some proinflammatory Th1/Th0 cells but not by Th2 cells. J. Immunol. 1999. 162: 1246-1251.
18. + effector T cells develop via a lineage distinct from the T helper type 1 and 2 lineages. Nat. Immunol. 2005. 6: 1123-1132.
19. Park, H., Li, Z., Yang, X. O., Chang, S. H., Nurieva, R.,Wang, Y. H.,Wang, Y. et al., A distinct lineage of CD4 T cells regulates tissue inflammation by producing interleukin 17. Nat. Immunol. 2005. 6: 1133-1141.
20. + T helper cells. Cell 2006. 126: 1121-1133.
21. Ouyang, W., Kolls, J. K. and Zheng, Y., The biological functions of T helper 17 cell effector cytokines in inflammation. Immunity 2008. 28: 454-467.
22. Langrish, C. L., Chen, Y., Blumenschein, W. M., Mattson, J., Basham, B., Sedgwick, J. D., McClanahan, T. et al., IL-23 drives a pathogenic T cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation. J. Exp. Med. 2005. 201: 233-240.
23. Ferretti, S., Bonneau, O., Dubois, G. R., Jones, C. E. and Trifilieff, A., IL-17, produced by lymphocytes and neutrophils, is necessary for lipopolysaccharide-induced airway neutrophilia: IL-15 as a possible trigger. J. Immunol. 2003. 170: 2106-2112.
24. + T lymphocytes and its regulation by protein kinase A pathway. Cytokine 1999. 11: 257-266.
25. Sutton, C., Brereton, C., Keogh, B., Mills, K. H. G. and Lavelle, C., A crucial role for interleukin (IL)-1 in the induction of IL-17-producing T cells that mediate autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Exp. Med. 2006. 203: 1685-1691.
26. Happel, K. I., Zheng, M., Young, E., Quinton, L. J., Lockhart, E., Ramsay, A. J., Shellito, J. E. et al., Cutting edge: Roles of Toll-like receptor 4 and IL-23 in IL-17 expression in response to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. J. Immunol. 2003. 170: 4432-4436.
27. Michel, M. L., Keller, A. C., Paget, C., Fujio, M., Trottein, F., Savage, P. B., Wong, C. H. et al., Identification of an IL-17-producing NK1.1(neg) iNKT cell population involved in airway neutrophilia. J. Exp. Med. 2007. 204: 995-1001.
28. Lockhart, E., Green, A. M. and Flynn, J. L., IL-17 production is dominated by gammadelta T cells rather than CD4 T cells during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J. Immunol. 2006. 177: 4662-4669.
29. + gammadelta T cells control early infiltration of neutrophils after Escherichia coli infection via IL-17 production. J. Immunol. 2007. 178: 4466-4472.
30. Rachitskaya, A. V., Hansen, A. M., Horai, R., Li, Z., Villasmil, R., Luger, D., Nussenblatt, R. B. and Caspi, R. R., Cutting edge: NKT cells constitutively express IL-23 receptor and ROR{gamma}t and rapidly produce IL-17 upon receptor ligation in an IL-6-independent fashion. J. Immunol. 2008. 180: 5167-5171.
31. Roark, C. L., French, J. D., Taylor, M. A., Bendele, A. M., Born, W. K. and O'Brien, R. L., Exacerbation of collagen-induced arthritis by oligoclonal, IL-17-producing gamma delta T cells. J. Immunol. 2007. 179: 5576-5583.
32. Acosta-Rodriguez, E. V., Rivino, L., Geginat, J., Jarrossay, D., Gattorno, M., Lanzavecchia, A., Sallusto, F. and Napolitani, G., Surface phenotype and antigenic specificity of human interleukin 17-producing T helper memory cells. Nat. Immunol. 2007. 8: 639-646.
33. + T cells prevents development of experimental autoimmune diseases. J. Immunol. 2008. 180: 6070-6076.
34. Rowan, A. G., Fletcher, J. M., Ryan, E. J., Moran, B., Hegarty, J. E., O'Farrelly, C. and Mills, K. H. G., Hepatitis C virus-specific Th17 cells are suppressed by virus-induced TGF-beta. J. Immunol. 2008. in press.
35. Annunziato, F., Cosmi, L., Santarlasci, V., Maggi, L., Liotta, F., Mazzinghi, B., Parente, E. et al., Phenotypic and functional features of human Th17 cells. J. Exp. Med. 2007. 204: 1849-1861.
36. Cua, D. J., Sherlock, J., Chen, Y., Murphy, C. A., Joyce, B., Seymour, B., Lucian, L. et al., Interleukin-23 rather than interleukin-12 is the critical cytokine for autoimmune inflammation of the brain. Nature 2003. 421: 744-748.
37. Aggarwal, S., Ghilardi, N., Xie, M. H., de Sauvage, F. J. and Gurney, A. L., Interleukin-23 promotes a distinct CD4 T cell activation state characterized by the production of interleukin-17. J. Biol. Chem. 2003. 278: 1910-1914.
38. van Beelen, A. J., Zelinkova, Z., Taanman-Kueter, E. W., Muller, F. J., Hommes, D. W., Zaat, S. A., Kapsenberg, M. L. and de Jong, E. C., Stimulation of the intracellular bacterial sensor NOD2 programs dendritic cells to promote interleukin-17 production in human memory T cells. Immunity 2007. 27: 660-669.
39. Bettelli, E., Carrier, Y., Gao, W., Korn, T., Strom, T. B., Oukka, M., Weiner, H. L. and Kuchroo, V. K., Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells. Nature 2006. 441: 235-238.
40. Mangan, P. R., Harrington, L. E., O'Quinn, D. B., Helms, W. S., Bullard, D. C., Elson, C. O., Hatton, R. D. et al., Transforming growth factor-beta induces development of the T(H)17 lineage. Nature 2006. 441: 231-234.
41. Veldhoen, M., Hocking, R. J., Atkins, C. J., Locksley, R. M. and Stockinger, B., TGFbeta in the context of an inflammatory cytokine milieu supports de novo differentiation of IL-17-producing T cells. Immunity 2006. 24: 179-189.
42. Veldhoen, M., Hocking, R. J., Flavell, R. A. and Stockinger, B., Signals mediated by transforming growth factor-beta initiate autoimmune encephalomyelitis, but chronic inflammation is needed to sustain disease. Nat. Immunol. 2006. 7: 1151-1156.
43. Korn, T., Bettelli, E., Gao, W., Awasthi, A., Jager, A., Strom, T. B., Oukka, M. and Kuchroo, V. K., IL-21 initiates an alternative pathway to induce proinflammatory T(H)17 cells. Nature 2007. 448: 484-487.
44. Zhou, L., Ivanov, I. I., Spolski, R., Min, R., Shenderov, K., Egawa, T., Levy, D. E. et al., IL-6 programs T(H)-17 cell differentiation by promoting sequential engagement of the IL-21 and IL-23 pathways. Nat. Immunol. 2007. 8: 967-974.
45. Nurieva, R., Yang, X. O., Martinez, G., Zhang, Y., Panopoulos, A. D., Ma, L., Schluns, K. et al., Essential autocrine regulation by IL-21 in the generation of inflammatory T cells. Nature 2007. 448: 480-483.
46. Matsuki, T., Nakae, S., Sudo, K., Horai, R. and Iwakura, Y., Abnormal T cell activation caused by the imbalance of the IL-1/IL-1R antagonist system is responsible for the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Int. Immunol. 2006. 18: 399-407.
47. Joosten, L. A., Abdollahi-Roodsaz, S., Heuvelmans-Jacobs, M., Helsen, M. M., van den Bersselaar, L. A., Oppers-Walgreen, B., Koenders, M. I. and van den Berg, W. B., T cell dependence of chronic destructive murine arthritis induced by repeated local activation of Toll-like receptor-driven pathways: Crucial role of both interleukin-1beta and interleukin-17. Arthritis Rheum. 2008. 58: 98-108.
48. Abdollahi-Roodsaz, S., Joosten, L. A., Koenders, M. I., Devesa, I., Roelofs, M. F., Radstake, T. R., Heuvelmans-Jacobs, M. et al., Stimulation of TLR2 and TLR4 differentially skews the balance of T cells in a mouse model of arthritis. J. Clin. Invest. 2008. 118: 205-216.
49. + T cells in vitro and in vivo. Infect. Immun. 2007. 75: 5018-5026.
50. Wilson, N. J., Boniface, K., Chan, J. R., McKenzie, B. S., Blumenschein, W. M., Mattson, J. D., Basham, B. et al., Development, cytokine profile and function of human interleukin 17-producing helper T cells. Nat. Immunol. 2007. 8: 950-957.
51. Acosta-Rodriguez, E. V., Napolitani, G., Lanzavecchia, A. and Sallusto, F., Interleukins 1beta and 6 but not transforming growth factor-beta are essential for the differentiation of interleukin 17-producing human T helper cells. Nat. Immunol. 2007. 8: 942-949.
52. Chen, Z., Tato, C. M., Muul, L., Laurence, A. and O'Shea, J. J., Distinct regulation of interleukin-17 in human T helper lymphocytes. Arthritis Rheum. 2007. 56: 2936-2946.
53. Yang, L., Anderson, D. E., Baecher-Allan, C., Hastings, W. D., Bettelli, E., Oukka, M., Kuchroo, V. K. and Hafler, D. A., IL-21 and TGF-beta are required for differentiation of human T(H)17 cells. Nature 2008.
54. de Beaucoudrey, L., Puel, A., Filipe-Santos, O., Cobat, A., Ghandil, P., Chrabieh, M., Feinberg, J. et al., Mutations in STAT3 and IL12RB1 impair the development of human IL-17-producing T cells. J. Exp. Med. 2008.
55. Manel, N., Unutmaz, D. and Littman, D. R., The differentiation of human T(H)-17 cells requires transforming growth factor-beta and induction of the nuclear receptor RORgammat. Nat. Immunol. 2008. 9: 641-649.
56. Volpe, E., Servant, N., Zollinger, R., Bogiatzi, S. I., Hupe, P., Barillot, E. and Soumelis, V., A critical function for transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin 23 and proinflammatory cytokines in driving and modulating human T(H)-17 responses. Nat. Immunol. 2008. 9: 650-657.
57. Zenewicz, L. A., Yancopoulos, G. D., Valenzuela, D. M., Murphy, A. J., Karow, M. and Flavell, R. A., Interleukin-22 but not interleukin-17 provides protection to hepatocytes during acute liver inflammation. Immunity 2007. 27: 647-659.
58. Kimura, A., Naka, T. and Kishimoto, T., IL-6-dependent and -independent pathways in the development of interleukin 17-producing T helper cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2007. 104: 12099-12104.
59. Samoilova, E. B., Horton, J. L., Hilliard, B., Liu, T. S. and Chen, Y., IL-6-deficient mice are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: Roles of IL-6 in the activation and differentiation of autoreactive T cells. J. Immunol. 1998. 161: 6480-6486.
60. McGeachy, M. J., Bak-Jensen, K. S., Chen, Y., Tato, C. M., Blumenschein, W., McClanahan, T. and Cua, D. J., TGF-beta and IL-6 drive the production of IL-17 and IL-10 by T cells and restrain T(H)-17 cell-mediated pathology. Nat. Immunol. 2007. 8: 1390-1397.
61. Luger, D., Silver, P. B., Tang, J., Cua, D., Chen, Z., Iwakura, Y., Bowman, E. P. et al., Either a Th17 or a Th1 effector response can drive autoimmunity: Conditions of disease induction affect dominant effector category. J. Exp. Med. 2008. 205: 799-810.
62. Thakker, P., Leach, M. W., Kuang, W., Benoit, S. E., Leonard, J. P. and Marusic, S., IL-23 is critical in the induction but not in the effector phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 2007. 178: 2589-2598.
63. Creagh, E. M. and O'Neill, L. A., TLRs, NLRs and RLRs: A trinity of pathogen sensors that co-operate in innate immunity. Trends Immunol. 2006. 27: 352-357.
64. Evans, H. G., Suddason, T., Jackson, I., Taams, L. S. and Lord, G. M., Optimal induction of T helper 17 cells in humans requires T cell receptor ligation in the context of Toll-like receptor-activated monocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2007. 104: 17034-17039.
65. LeibundGut-Landmann, S., Gross, O., Robinson, M. J., Osorio, F., Slack, E. C., Tsoni, S. V., Schweighoffer, E. et al., Syk- and CARD9-dependent coupling of innate immunity to the induction of T helper cells that produce interleukin 17. Nat. Immunol. 2007. 8: 630-638.
66. Yang, X. O., Panopoulos, A. D., Nurieva, R., Chang, S. H., Wang, D., Watowich, S. S. and Dong, C., STAT3 regulates cytokine-mediated generation of inflammatory helper T cells. J. Biol. Chem. 2007. 282: 9358-9363.
67. Mathur, A. N., Chang, H. C., Zisoulis, D. G., Stritesky, G. L., Yu, Q., O'Malley, J. T., Kapur, R. et al., Stat3 and Stat4 direct development of IL-17-secreting Th cells. J. Immunol. 2007. 178: 4901-4907.
68. Liu, X. K., Lin, X. and Gaffen, S. L., Crucial role for nuclear factor of activated T cells in T cell receptor-mediated regulation of human interleukin-17. J. Biol. Chem. 2004. 279: 52762-52771.
69. Tan, S. L., Zhao, J., Bi, C., Chen, X. C., Hepburn, D. L., Wang, J., Sedgwick, J. D. et al., Resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and impaired IL-17 production in protein kinase C theta-deficient mice. J. Immunol. 2006. 176: 2872-2879.
70. Kim, K. W., Cho, M. L., Park, M. K., Yoon, C. H., Park, S. H., Lee, S. H. and Kim, H. Y., Increased interleukin-17 production via a phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and nuclear factor kappaB-dependent pathway in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 2005. 7: R139-R148.
71. Brustle, A., Heink, S., Huber, M., Rosenplanter, C., Stadelmann, C., Yu, P., Arpaia, E. et al., The development of inflammatory T(H)-17 cells requires interferon-regulatory factor 4. Nat. Immunol. 2007. 8: 958-966.
72. Goriely, S., Neurath, M. F. and Goldman, M., How microorganisms tip the balance between interleukin-12 family members. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2008. 8: 81-86.
73. Kano, S., Sato, K., Morishita, Y., Vollstedt, S., Kim, S., Bishop, K., Honda, K. et al., The contribution of transcription factor IRF1 to the interferon-gamma-interleukin 12 signaling axis and TH1 versus TH-17 differentiation of CD4+ T cells. Nat. Immunol. 2008. 9: 34-41.
74. Murphy, C. A., Langrish, C. L., Chen, Y., Blumenschein, W., McClanahan, T., Kastelein, R. A., Sedgwick, J. D. and Cua, D. J., Divergent pro- and antiinflammatory roles for IL-23 and IL-12 in joint autoimmune inflammation. J. Exp. Med. 2003. 198: 1951-1957.
75. Hofstetter, H. H., Ibrahim, S. M., Koczan, D., Kruse, N., Weishaupt, A., Toyka, K. V. and Gold, R., Therapeutic efficacy of IL-17 neutralization in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Cell. Immunol. 2005. 237: 123-130.
76. Komiyama, Y., Nakae, S., Matsuki, T., Nambu, A., Ishigame, H., Kakuta, S., Sudo, K. and Iwakura, Y., IL-17 plays an important role in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 2006. 177: 566-573.
77. Nakae, S., Nambu, A., Sudo, K. and Iwakura, Y., Suppression of immune induction of collagen-induced arthritis in IL-17-deficient mice. J. Immunol. 2003. 171: 6173-6177.
78. Vaknin-Dembinsky, A., Balashov, K. and Weiner, H. L., IL-23 is increased in dendritic cells in multiple sclerosis and down-regulation of IL-23 by antisense oligos increases dendritic cell IL-10 production. J. Immunol. 2006. 176: 7768-7774.
79. Zheng, Y., Danilenko, D. M., Valdez, P., Kasman, I., Eastham-Anderson, J., Wu, J. and Ouyang, W., Interleukin-22, a T(H)17 cytokine, mediates IL-23-induced dermal inflammation and acanthosis. Nature 2007. 445: 648-651.
80. Jovanovic, D. V., Di Battista, J. A., Martel-Pelletier, J., Jolicoeur, F. C., He, Y., Zhang, M., Mineau, F. and Pelletier, J. P., IL-17 stimulates the production and expression of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-beta and TNF-alpha, by human macrophages. J. Immunol. 1998. 160: 3513-3521.
81. Gocke, A. R., Cravens, P. D., Ben, L. H., Hussain, R. Z., Northrop, S. C., Racke, M. K. and Lovett-Racke, A. E., T-bet regulates the fate of Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes in autoimmunity. J. Immunol. 2007. 178: 1341-1348.
82. Bettelli, E., Sullivan, B., Szabo, S. J., Sobel, R. A., Glimcher, L. H. and Kuchroo, V. K., Loss of T-bet, but not STAT1, prevents the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Exp. Med. 2004. 200: 79-87.
83. Kroenke, M. A., Carlson, T. J., Andjelkovic, A. V. and Segal, B. M. IL-12-and IL-23-modulated T cells induce distinct types of EAE based on histology, CNS chemokine profile, and response to cytokine inhibition. J. Exp. Med. 2008. DOI: 10.1084/jem.20080159.
84. Rutitzky, L. I., Bazzone, L., Shainheit, M. G., Joyce-Shaikh, B., Cua, D. J. and Stadecker, M. J., IL-23 is required for the development of severe egg-induced immunopathology in schistosomiasis and for lesional expression of IL-17. J. Immunol. 2008. 180: 2486-2495.
85. Izcue, A., Hue, S., Buonocore, S., Arancibia-Carcamo, C. V., Ahern, P. P., Iwakura, Y., Maloy, K. J. and Powrie, F., Interleukin-23 restrains regulatory T cell activity to drive T cell-dependent colitis. Immunity 2008. 28: 559-570.
86. Dragon, S., Saffar, A. S., Shan, L. and Gounni, A. S., IL-17 attenuates the anti-apoptotic effects of GM-CSF in human neutrophils. Mol. Immunol. 2008. 45: 160-168.
87. Ye, P., Garvey, P. B., Zhang, P., Nelson, S., Bagby, G., Summer, W. R., Schwarzenberger, P. et al., Interleukin-17 and lung host defense against Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. 2001. 25: 335-340.
88. Happel, K. I., Dubin, P. J., Zheng, M., Ghilardi, N., Lockhart, C., Quinton, L. J., Odden, A. R. et al., Divergent roles of IL-23 and IL-12 in host defense against Klebsiella pneumoniae. J. Exp. Med. 2005. 202: 761-769.
89. + T cell responses after vaccination and during Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge. Nat. Immunol. 2007. 8: 369-377.
90. Khader, S. A., Pearl, J. E., Sakamoto, K., Gilmartin, L., Bell, G. K., Jelley-Gibbs, D. M., Ghilardi, N. et al., IL-23 compensates for the absence of IL-12p70 and is essential for the IL-17 response during tuberculosis but is dispensable for protection and antigen-specific IFN-gamma responses if IL-12p70 is available. J. Immunol. 2005. 175: 788-795.
91. Fennelly, N. K., Sisti, F., Higgins, S. C., Ross, P. J., van der Heide, H., Mooi, F. R., Boyd, A. and Mills, K. H., Bordetella pertussis expresses a functional type III secretion system that subverts protective innate and adaptive immune responses. Infect. Immun. 2008. 76: 1257-1266.
92. Kleinschek, M. A., Muller, U., Brodie, S. J., Stenzel, W., Kohler, G., Blumenschein, W. M., Straubinger, R. K. et al., IL-23 enhances the inflammatory cell response in Cryptococcus neoformans infection and induces a cytokine pattern distinct from IL-12. J. Immunol. 2006. 176: 1098-1106.
93. Huang, W., Na, L., Fidel, P. L. and Schwarzenberger, P., Requirement of interleukin-17A for systemic anti-Candida albicans host defense in mice. J. Infect. Dis. 2004. 190: 624-631.
94. Zelante, T., De Luca, A., Bonifazi, P., Montagnoli, C., Bozza, S., Moretti, S., Belladonna, M. L. et al., IL-23 and the Th17 pathway promote inflammation and impair antifungal immune resistance. Eur. J. Immunol. 2007. 37: 2695-2706.
95. Molesworth-Kenyon, S. J., Yin, R., Oakes, J. E. and Lausch, R. N., IL-17 receptor signaling influences virus-induced corneal inflammation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2008. in press
96. Kelly, M. N., Kolls, J. K., Happel, K., Schwartzman, J. D., Schwarzenberger, P., Combe, C., Moretto, M. and Khan, I. A., Interleukin-17/interleukin-17 receptor-mediated signaling is important for generation of an optimal polymorphonuclear response against Toxoplasma gondii infection. Infect. Immun. 2005. 73: 617-621.
97. Rutitzky, L. I., Lopes da Rosa, J. R. and Stadecker, M. J., Severe CD4 T cell-mediated immunopathology in murine schistosomiasis is dependent on IL-12p40 and correlates with high levels of IL-17. J. Immunol. 2005. 175: 3920-3926.
98. Jain, R., Tartar, D. M., Gregg, R. K., Divekar, R. D., Bell, J. J., Lee, H. H., Yu, P. et al., Innocuous IFNgamma induced by adjuvant-free antigen restores normoglycemia in NOD mice through inhibition of IL-17 production. J. Exp. Med. 2008. 205: 207-218.
99. Irmler, I. M., Gajda, M. and Brauer, R., Exacerbation of antigen-induced arthritis in IFN-gamma-deficient mice as a result of unrestricted IL-17 response. J. Immunol. 2007. 179: 6228-6236.
100. Cruz, A., Khader, S. A., Torrado, E., Fraga, A., Pearl, J. E., Pedrosa, J., Cooper, A. M. and Castro, A. G. Cutting edge: IFN-gamma regulates the induction and expansion of IL-17-producing CD4 T cells during mycobacterial infection. J. Immunol. 2006. 177: 1416-1420.
101. Rangachari, M., Mauermann, N., Marty, R. R., Dirnhofer, S., Kurrer, M. O., Komnenovic, V., Penninger, J. M. and Eriksson, U., T-bet negatively regulates autoimmune myocarditis by suppressing local production of interleukin 17. J. Exp. Med. 2006. 203: 2009-2019.
102. + Tregs. J. Clin. Invest. 2006. 116: 2434-2441.
103. Pirhonen, J., Matikainen, S. and Julkunen, I., Regulation of virus-induced IL-12 and IL-23 expression in human macrophages. J. Immunol. 2002. 169: 5673-5678.
104. Ichiyama, K., Yoshida, H., Wakabayashi, Y., Chinen, T., Saeki, K., Nakaya, M., Takaesu, G. et al., Foxp3 inhibits RORgamma t-mediated IL-17A mRNA transcription through direct interaction with RORgamma t. J. Biol. Chem. 2008.
105. Zhou, L., Lopes, J. E., Chong, M. M., Ivanov, I. I., Min, R., Victora, G. D., Shen, Y. et al., TGF-beta-induced Foxp3 inhibits T(H)17 cell differentiation by antagonizing RORgammat function. Nature 2008. 453: 236-240.
106. Kennedy, M. K., Torrance, D. S., Picha, K. S. and Mohler, K. M., Analysis of cytokine mRNA expression in the central nervous system of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis reveals that IL-10 mRNA expression correlates with recovery. J. Immunol. 1992. 149: 2496-2505.
107. Cua, D. J., Groux, H., Hinton, D. R., Stohlman, S. A. and Coffman, R. L., Transgenic interleukin 10 prevents induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Exp. Med. 1999. 189: 1005-1010.
108. Bettelli, E., Das, M. P., Howard, E. D., Weiner, H. L., Sobel, R. A. and Kuchroo, V. K., IL-10 is critical in the regulation of autoimmune encephalomyelitis as demonstrated by studies of IL-10- and IL-4-deficient and transgenic mice. J. Immunol. 1998. 161: 3299-3306.
109. Stumhofer, J. S., Silver, J. S., Laurence, A., Porrett, P. M., Harris, T. H., Turka, L. A., Ernst, M. et al., Interleukins 27 and 6 induce STAT3-mediated T cell production of interleukin 10. Nat. Immunol. 2007. 8: 1363-1371.
110. Fitzgerald, D. C., Zhang, G. X., El-Behi, M., Fonseca-Kelly, Z., Li, H., Yu, S., Saris, C. J. et al., Suppression of autoimmune inflammation of the central nervous system by interleukin 10 secreted by interleukin 27-stimulated T cells. Nat. Immunol. 2007. 8: 1372-1379.
111. Collison, L.W.,Workman, C. J., Kuo, T. T., Boyd, K.,Wang, Y., Vignali, K. M., Cross, R. et al., The inhibitory cytokine IL-35 contributes to regulatory T-cell function. Nature 2007. 450: 566-569.
112. Niedbala,W.,Wei, X. Q., Cai, B., Hueber, A. J., Leung, B. P., McInnes, I. B. and Liew, F. Y., IL-35 is a novel cytokine with therapeutic effects against collagen-induced arthritis through the expansion of regulatory T cells and suppression of Th17 cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 2007. 37: 3021-3029.
113. + regulatory T cells by TGF-beta induction of transcription factor Foxp3. J. Exp. Med. 2003. 198: 1875-1886.
114. Chen, Y., Langrish, C. L., McKenzie, B., Joyce-Shaikh, B., Stumhofer, J. S., McClanahan, T., Blumenschein, W. et al., Anti-IL-23 therapy inhibits multiple inflammatory pathways and ameliorates autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Clin. Invest. 2006. 116: 1317-1326.