Effects of milling and cooking processes on the deoxynivalenol content in wheat

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Volumn 9, Issue 11, 2008, Pages 2127-2145

  Kushiro, Masayo ^a  

^a NATIONAL FOOD RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Cooking; Deoxynivalenol; DON; Milling; Wheat

Indexed keywords

VOMITOXIN;

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CLEANING; COOKING; REVIEW; WHEAT;

ANIMALIA; FUNGI; GIBBERELLA ZEAE; TRITICUM AESTIVUM;

EID: 56449089262     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14220067     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ijms9112127     Document Type: Review

References (72)

1. Creppy, E.E. Update of survey, regulation and toxic effects of mycotoxins in Europe. Toxicol. Lett. 2002, 127, 19-28.
2. McLean, M. The phytotoxicity of Fusarium metabolites: An update since 1989. Mycopathologia 1996, 133, 163-179.
3. Seitz, L.M.; Bechtel, D.B. Chemical, physical and microscopical studies of scab-infected hard red winter wheat. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1985, 33, 373-179.
4. Gutleb, A.C.; Morrison, E.; Murk, A.J. Cytotoxicity assays for mycotoxins produced by Fusarium strains: a review. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2002, 1, 309-320.
5. Lee, U.S.; Jang, H.S.; Tanaka, T.; Toyasaki, N.; Sugiura, Y.; Oh, Y.J.; Cho, C.M.; Ueno, Y. Mycological survey of Korean cereals and production of mycotoxins by Fusarium isolates. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1986, 52, 1258-1260.
6. Osborne, L.E.; Stein, J.M. Epidemiology of Fusarium head blight on small-grain cereals. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2007, 119, 103-108.
7. Mirocha, C.J.; Pathre, S.V.; Schauerhamer, B.; Christensen, C.M. Natural occurrence of Fusarium toxins in feedstuff. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1976, 32, 553-556.
8. Morgavi, D.P.; Riley, R.T. An historical overview of field disease outbreaks known or suspected to be caused by consumption of feeds contaminated with Fusarium toxins. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2007, 137, 201-212.
9. Ueno, Y.; Ishii, K.; Sato, N.; Ohtsubo, K. Toxicological approaches to the metabolites of Fusaria. VI. Vomiting factor from moldy corn infected with Fusarium spp. Jpn. J. Exp. Med. 1974, 44, 123-127.
10. Desjardins, A.E.; Hohn, T.M.; McCormick, S.P. Trichothecenes biosynthesis in Fusarium species: Chemistry, genetics, and significance. Microbiol. Rev. 1993, 57, 595-604.
11. Ehrlich, K.; Daigle, K.W. Protein synthesis inhibition by 8-oxo-12,13-epoxytrichothecenes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1987, 923, 206-213.
12. Rotter, B.A.; Prelusky, D.B.; Pestka, J.J. Toxicology of deoxynivalenol (Vomitoxin). J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 1996, 48, 1-34.
13. Dong, W.; Pestka, J.J. Persistent dysregulation of IgA production and IgA nephropathy in the B6C3F1 mouse following withdrawal of dietary vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1993, 20, 38-47.
14. Tryphonas, H.; Iverson, F.; So, Y.; Nera, E.A.; Mcguire, P.F.; O'Grady, L.; Clayson, D.B.; Scott, P.M. Effects of deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) on the humoral and cellular immunity of mice. Toxicol. Lett. 1986, 30, 137-150.
15. Pestka, J.J.; Bondy, G.S. Alteration of immune function following dietary mycotoxin exposure. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 1990, 66, 1009-1016.
16. Cole, R.J.; Cox, R.H. Handbook of toxic fungal metabolites; Academic Press: New York, USA, 1981; pp. 152-263.
17. Forsell, J.H.; Jensen, R.; Tai, J.-H.; Witt, M.; Lin, W.S.; Pestka, J.J. Comparison of acute toxicities of deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol in the B6C3F1 mouse. Food Chem. Toxicol. 1987, 25, 155-162.
18. Rocha, O.; Ansari, K.; Doohan, F.M. Effects of trichothecene mycotoxins on eukaryotic cells. Food Addit. Contam. 2005, 22, 369-378.
19. Pestka, J.J.; Smolinski, A.T. Deoxynivalenol: toxicology and potential effects on humans. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B Crit. Rev. 2005, 8, 39-69.
20. Sundstøl Eriksen, G.; Pettersson, H.; Lundh, T. Comparative cytotoxicity of deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, their acetylated derivatives and de-epoxy metabolites. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2004, 42, 619-624.
21. Canady, R.A.; Coker, R.D.; Egan, S.K.; Krska, R.; Kuiper-Goodman, T.; Olsen, M.; Pestka, J.; Resnik, S.; Schlatter, J. Deoxynivalenol. In WHO/IPCS safety evaluation of certain mycotoxins in food. WHO Food Addit. Ser. 2001, 47, 419-555.
22. Poapolathep, A.; Ohtsuka, R.; Kiatipattanasakul, W.; Ishigami, N.; Nakayama, H.; Doi, K. Nivalenol-induced apoptosis in thymus, spleen and Peyer's patches of mice. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 2002, 53, 441-446.
23. European Commission, Scientific Committee on Food. Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on Fusarium toxins, Part 6: Group evaluation of T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, nivalenol and deoxynivalenol. 2002; http://ec.europa.eu/ food/fs/sc/scf/out123_en.pdf.
24. Yuen, G.Y.; Schoneweis, S.D. Strategies for managing Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol accumulation in wheat. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2007, 119, 126-130.
25. Scott, P.M.; Kanhere, S.R.; Lau, P.-Y.; Dexter, J.E.; Greenhalgh, R. Effects of Experimental flour milling and breadbaking on retention of deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) in hard red spring wheat. Cereal Chem. 1983, 60, 421-424.
26. Young, J.C.; Fulcher, R.G.; Hayhoe, J.H.; Scott, P.M.; Dexter, J.E. Effect of milling and baking on deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) content of eastern Canadian wheats. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1984, 32, 659-664.
27. Seitz, L.M.; Yamazaki, W.T.; Clements, R.L.; Mohr, H.E.; Andrews, L. Distribution of deoxynivalenol in soft wheat mill streams. Cereal Chem. 1985, 62, 467-469.
28. Abbas, H.K.; Mirocha, C.J.; Pawlosky, R.J.; Pusch, D.J. Effect of cleaning, milling, and baking on deoxynivalenol in wheat. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1985, 50, 482-486.
29. Seitz, L.M.; Eustace, W.D.; Mohr, H.E.; Shogren, M.D.; Yamazaki, W.T. Cleaning, milling and baking tests with hard red winter wheat containing deoxynivalenol. Cereal Chem. 1986, 63, 146-150.
30. Nowicki, T.W.; Gaba, D.G.; Dexter, J.E.; Matsuo, R.R.; Clear, R.M. Retention of the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in wheat during processing and cooking of spaghetti and noodles. J. Cereal Sci. 1988, 8, 189-202.
31. Tkachuk, R.; Dexter, J.E.; Tipples, K.H.; Nowicki, T.W. Removal by specific gravity table of tombstone kernels and associated trichothecene from wheat infected with Fusarium head blight. Cereal Chem. 1991, 68, 428-431.
32. Trigo-Stockli, D.M. Effect of processing on deoxynivalenol and other trichothecenes. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2002, 504, 181-188.
33. Huff, W.E.; Hagler, W.M., Jr. Density segregation of corn and wheat naturally contaminated with aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. J. Food Prot. 1985, 48, 416-420.
34. Kos, G.; Lohninger, H.; Krska, R. Development of a method for the determination of Fusarium fungi on corn using mid-infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection and chemometrics. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 1211-1217.
35. Hart, L.P.; Braselton, W.E., Jr. Distribution of vomitoxin in dry milled fractions of wheat infected with Gibberella zeae. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1983, 31, 657-659.
36. Scott, P.M.; Kanhere, S.R.; Dexter, J.E.; Brennan, P.W.; Trenholm, H.L. Distribution of the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) during the milling of naturally contaminated hard red spring wheat and its fate in baked products. Food Addit. Contam. 1984, 1, 313-323.
37. Tanaka, T.; Hasegawa, A.; Yamamoto, S.; Matsuki, Y.; Ueno, Y. Residues of Fusarium mycotoxins, nivalenol, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, in wheat and processed food after milling and baking. J. Food Hyg. Soc. Japan 1986, 27, 653-655.
38. Lee, U.-S.; Jang, H.-S.; Tanaka, T., Oh, Y.-J., Cho, C.-M.; Ueno, Y. Effect of milling on decontamination of Fusarium mycotoxins nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone in Korean wheat. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1987, 35, 126-129.
39. Dexter, J.E.; Clear, R.M.; Preston, K.R. Fusarium head blight: effect on the milling and baking of some Canadian wheats. Cereal Chem. 1996, 73, 695-701.
40. Trigo-Stockli, D.M.; Deyoe, C.W.; Satumbaga, R.F.; Pedersen, J.R. Distribution of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in milled fractions of wheat. Cereal Chem. 1996, 73, 388-391.
41. Dexter, J.E.; Marchylo, B.A.; Clear, R.M.; Clarke, J.M. Effect of Fusarium head blight on semolina milling and pasta-making quality of durum wheat. Cereal Chem. 1997, 74, 519-524.
42. Hart, L.P.; Casper, H.; Schabenberger, O.; Ng, P. Comparison of gas chromatography-electron capture and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for deoxynivalenol in milled fractions of naturally contaminated wheat. J. Food Prot. 1998, 61, 1695-1697.
43. Manthey, F.A.; Wolf-Hall, C.E.; Yalla, S.; Vijayakumar, C.; Carlson, D. Microbial loads, mycotoxins, and quality of durum wheat from the 2001 harvest of the northern plains region of the United States. J. Food Prot. 2004, 67, 772-780.
44. Visconti, A.; Haidukowski, E.M.; Pascale, M.; Silvestri, M. Reduction of deoxynivalenol during durum wheat processing and spaghetti cooking. Toxicol. Lett. 2004, 153, 181-189.
45. Hazel, C.M.; Patel, S. Influence of processing on trichothecene levels. Toxicol. Lett. 2004, 153, 51-59.
46. Tanaka, K.; Hara, N.; Goto, T.; Manabe, M. Reduction of mycotoxins contamination by processing grain. Proc. Int. Symp. Mycotoxicol. 1999. 1999, 95-100.
47. Palpacelli, V.; Beco, L.; Ciani, M. Vomitoxin and zearalenone content of soft wheat flour milled by different methods. J. Food Prot. 2007, 70, 509-513.
48. Lancova, K.; Hajslova, J.; Kostelanska, M.; Kohoutkova, J.; Nedelnik, J.; Moravcova, H.; Vanova M. Fate of trichothecene mycotoxins during the processing: milling and baking. Food Addit. Contam. 2008, 25, 650-659.
49. Gärtner, B.H.; Munich, M.; Kleijer, G.; Mascher, F. Characterisation of kernel resistance against Fusarium infection in spring wheat by baking quality and mycotoxin assessments. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2008, 120, 61-68.
50. El-Banna, A.A.; Lau, P.-Y.; Scott, P.M. Fate of mycotoxins during processing of foodstuffs II-Deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) during making of Egyptian bread. J. Food Prot. 1983, 46, 484-486.
51. Boyacioglu, D.; Hettiarachchy, N.S.; D'appolonia B.L. Additives affect deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) flour during breadbaking. J. Food Sci. 1993, 58, 416-418.
52. Accerbi, M.; Rinaldi, V.E.; Ng, P.K. Utilization of highly deoxynivalenol-contaminated wheat via extrusion processing. J. Food Prot. 1999, 62, 1485-1487.
53. Sugita-Konishi, Y.; Park, B.J.; Kobayashi-Hattori, K.; Tanaka, T.; Chonan, T.; Yoshikawa, K.; Kumagai, S. Effect of cooking process on the deoxynivalenol content and its subsequent cytotoxicity in wheat products. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2006, 70, 1764-1768.
54. Samar, M.M.; Neira, M.S.; Resnik, S.L.; Pacin, A. Effect of fermentation on naturally occurring deoxynivalenol (DON) in Argentinean bread processing technology. Food Addit. Contam. 2001, 18, 1004-1010.
55. Samar, M.M.; Resnik, S.L.; Gonzalez, H.H.L.; Pacin, A.M.; Castillo, M.D. Deoxynivalenol reduction during the frying process of turnover pie coveres. Food Control 2007, 18, 1295-1299.
56. Bretz, M.; Beyer, M.; Cramer, B.; Knecht, A.; Humpf, H.U. Thermal degradation of the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006, 54, 6445-6451.
57. Ragab, W.S.; Drusch, S.; Schnieder, F.; Beyer, M. Fate of deoxynivalenol in contaminated wheat grain during preparation of Egyptian 'balila'. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 2007, 58, 169-177.
58. Castells, M.; Marin, S.; Sanchis V.; Ramos A.J. Fate of mycotoxins in cereals during extrusion cooking: A review. Food Addit. Contam. 2005, 22, 150-157.
59. Scudamore, K.A.; Guy, R.C.; Kelleher, B.; MacDonald, S.J. Fate of the fusarium mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol and zearalenone, during extrusion of wholemeal wheat grain. Food Addit. Contam. 2008, 25, 331-337.
60. Cenkowski, S.; Pronyk, C.; Zmidzinska, D.; Muir, W.E. Decontamination of food products with superheated steam. J. Food Eng. 2007, 83, 68-75.
61. Greenhalgh, R.; Gilbert, J.; King, R. R.; Blackwell, B.A.; Startin, J.R.; Shepherd, M.J. Synthesis, characterization, and occurrence in bread and cereal products of an isomer of 4-deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin). J. Agric. Food Chem. 1984, 32, 1416-1420.
62. Yoshizawa, T.; Cote, L.M.; Swanson, S.P.; Buck, W.B. Confirmation of DOM-1, a de-epoxidation metabolite of deoxynivalenol, in biological fluids of lactating cows. Agric. Biol. Chem. 1986, 50, 227-229.
63. He, P.; Young, L.G.; Forsberg, C. Microbial transformation of deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1992, 58, 3857-3863.
64. Völkl, A.; Vogler, B.; Schollenberger, M.; Karlovsky, P. Microbial detoxification of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. J. Basic Microbiol. 2004, 44, 147-156.
65. Shima. J.; Takase, S.; Takahashi, Y.; Iwai, Y.; Fujimoto, H.; Yamazaki, M.; Ochi, K. Novel detoxification of the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol by a soil bacterium isolated by enrichment culture. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1997, 63, 3825-3830.
66. Wu, X.; Murphy P., Cunnick, J.; Hendrich, S. Synthesis and characterization of deoxynivalenol glucuronide: Its comparative immunotoxicity with deoxynivalenol. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2007, 45, 1846-1855
67. Sewald, N.; Lepschy von Gleissenthall, J.; Schuster, M.; Müller, G.; Aplin, R.T. Structure elucidation of a plant metabolite of 4-desoxynivalenol. Tetrahedron Asymmetr. 1992, 3, 953-960.
68. Berthiller, F.; Dall'Asta, C.; Schuhmacher, R.; Lemmens, M.; Adam, G.; Krska, R. Masked mycotoxins: determination of a deoxynivalenol glucoside in artificially and naturally contaminated wheat by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53, 3421-3425.
69. Abbas, H.K.; Mirocha, C.J.; Rosiles, R.; Carvajal, M. Decomposition of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol in the process of making tortillas from corn. Cereal Chem. 1988, 65, 15-19.
70. Kushiro, M.; Tanaka, K.; Miyazaki, S.; Nagata, T. Advances of liquid chromatographic determination of fumonisins; potential mycotoxins for humans. Curr. Pharm. Anal. 2006, 2, 289-297.
71. Liu, Y.; Walker, F.; Hoeglinger, B.; Buchenauer, H. Solvolysis procedures for the determination of bound residues of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in fusarium species infected grain of two winter wheat cultivars preinfected with barley yellow dwarf virus. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53, 6864-6869.
72. Zhou, B.; Li, Y.; Gillespie, J.; He, G.Q.; Horsley, R.; Schwarz, P. Doehlert matrix design for optimization of the determination of bound deoxynivalenol in barley grain with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007, 55, 10141-10149.