메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 669-692

Leadership efficacy: Review and future directions

Author keywords

Agency; Collective efficacy; Leader efficacy; Leadership; Means efficacy

Indexed keywords


EID: 55549086813     PISSN: 10489843     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.09.007     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (236)

References (220)
  • 1
    • 34248490848 scopus 로고
    • The psychological status of the script concept
    • Abelson R.P. The psychological status of the script concept. American Psychologist 36 7 (1981) 715-729
    • (1981) American Psychologist , vol.36 , Issue.7 , pp. 715-729
    • Abelson, R.P.1
  • 2
    • 55549096105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alavi, S.B. (2005). A multilevel approach to studying collective efficacy in organizational change. Paper presented at the Tehran International Management Conference, Tehran, Iran.
    • Alavi, S.B. (2005). A multilevel approach to studying collective efficacy in organizational change. Paper presented at the Tehran International Management Conference, Tehran, Iran.
  • 5
    • 84986131390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transformational leadership or the iron cage: Which predicts trust, commitment, and team efficacy
    • Arnold K., Barling J., and Kelloway E. Transformational leadership or the iron cage: Which predicts trust, commitment, and team efficacy. The Leadership and Organization Development Journal 22 (2001) 315-320
    • (2001) The Leadership and Organization Development Journal , vol.22 , pp. 315-320
    • Arnold, K.1    Barling, J.2    Kelloway, E.3
  • 6
    • 20444413891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining the full range model of leadership: Looking back to transform forward
    • Day D., and Zaccarro S. (Eds), Erlbaum, Mahwab, NJ
    • Avolio B.J. Examining the full range model of leadership: Looking back to transform forward. In: Day D., and Zaccarro S. (Eds). Leadership development for transforming organizations (2002), Erlbaum, Mahwab, NJ
    • (2002) Leadership development for transforming organizations
    • Avolio, B.J.1
  • 8
    • 55549136512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avolio, B.J., & Hannah, S.T. (in press). Developmental readiness: Accelerating leader development. Consulting Psychology Journal.
    • Avolio, B.J., & Hannah, S.T. (in press). Developmental readiness: Accelerating leader development. Consulting Psychology Journal.
  • 10
    • 55549093186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avolio, B.J., Wernsing, T., Chan, A., & Griffith, J. (2007). A theory of developing leader self awareness. Unpublished manuscript, University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
    • Avolio, B.J., Wernsing, T., Chan, A., & Griffith, J. (2007). A theory of developing leader self awareness. Unpublished manuscript, University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
  • 11
    • 28644443914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ties that lead: A social network approach to leadership
    • Balkundi P., and Kilduff M. The ties that lead: A social network approach to leadership. The Leadership Quarterly 16 (2005) 941-961
    • (2005) The Leadership Quarterly , vol.16 , pp. 941-961
    • Balkundi, P.1    Kilduff, M.2
  • 12
    • 0000106003 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of cognitive processes through perceived self-efficacy
    • Bandura A. Regulation of cognitive processes through perceived self-efficacy. Developmental Psychology 25 5 (1989) 729-735
    • (1989) Developmental Psychology , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 729-735
    • Bandura, A.1
  • 14
    • 0002986272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A social cognitive theory of personality
    • Pervin L., and John O. (Eds), Guilford Publications, New York
    • Bandura A. A social cognitive theory of personality. In: Pervin L., and John O. (Eds). Handbook of personality. 2nd ed. (1999), Guilford Publications, New York 154-196
    • (1999) Handbook of personality. 2nd ed. , pp. 154-196
    • Bandura, A.1
  • 15
    • 0034338578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise of human agency through collective efficacy
    • Bandura A. Exercise of human agency through collective efficacy. Current Directions in Psychological Science 9 3 (2000) 75-78
    • (2000) Current Directions in Psychological Science , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 75-78
    • Bandura, A.1
  • 16
    • 0035227452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective
    • Bandura A. Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology 52 (2001) 1-26
    • (2001) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 1-26
    • Bandura, A.1
  • 17
    • 0037302127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative self-efficacy and goal effects revisited
    • Bandura A., and Locke E.A. Negative self-efficacy and goal effects revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology 88 (2003) 87-99
    • (2003) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.88 , pp. 87-99
    • Bandura, A.1    Locke, E.A.2
  • 18
    • 0024669859 scopus 로고
    • Effect of perceived controllability and performance standards on self-regulation of complex decision making
    • Bandura A., and Wood R. Effect of perceived controllability and performance standards on self-regulation of complex decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56 (1989) 805-814
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 805-814
    • Bandura, A.1    Wood, R.2
  • 23
    • 55549136154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Berry, J.M. (1987). A self-efficacy model of memory performance. Paper presented at the 95th annual convention of the American Psychological Association, New York.
    • Berry, J.M. (1987). A self-efficacy model of memory performance. Paper presented at the 95th annual convention of the American Psychological Association, New York.
  • 24
    • 0000049032 scopus 로고
    • Reliability and validity of the memory self-efficacy questionnaire
    • Berry J.M. Reliability and validity of the memory self-efficacy questionnaire. Developmental Psychology 25 (1989) 701-713
    • (1989) Developmental Psychology , vol.25 , pp. 701-713
    • Berry, J.M.1
  • 25
    • 5344245469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transformational leadership and the dissemination of organizational goals: A case study of a telecommunication firm
    • Berson Y., and Avolio B. Transformational leadership and the dissemination of organizational goals: A case study of a telecommunication firm. The Leadership Quarterly 15 (2004) 625-646
    • (2004) The Leadership Quarterly , vol.15 , pp. 625-646
    • Berson, Y.1    Avolio, B.2
  • 26
    • 18044392364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between vision, strength, leadership style, and context
    • Berson Y., Shamir B., Avolio B.J., and Popper M. The relationship between vision, strength, leadership style, and context. The Leadership Quarterly 12 (2001) 53-73
    • (2001) The Leadership Quarterly , vol.12 , pp. 53-73
    • Berson, Y.1    Shamir, B.2    Avolio, B.J.3    Popper, M.4
  • 27
    • 0001299088 scopus 로고
    • Applications of self-efficacy theory to understanding career choice behavior
    • Betz N.E., and Hacket G. Applications of self-efficacy theory to understanding career choice behavior. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 4 (1986) 279-289
    • (1986) Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , vol.4 , pp. 279-289
    • Betz, N.E.1    Hacket, G.2
  • 28
    • 0000856484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategic leadership research: Moving on
    • Boal K.B., and Hooijberg R. Strategic leadership research: Moving on. The Leadership Quarterly 11 (2001) 515-549
    • (2001) The Leadership Quarterly , vol.11 , pp. 515-549
    • Boal, K.B.1    Hooijberg, R.2
  • 29
    • 33745936534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Charisma, positive emotions and mood contagion
    • Bono J.E., and Ilies R. Charisma, positive emotions and mood contagion. The Leadership Quarterly 17 (2006) 317-334
    • (2006) The Leadership Quarterly , vol.17 , pp. 317-334
    • Bono, J.E.1    Ilies, R.2
  • 31
    • 21144477128 scopus 로고
    • Effects of task and ego achievement goals on information-seeking during task engagement
    • Butler R. Effects of task and ego achievement goals on information-seeking during task engagement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 65 (1993) 18-31
    • (1993) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.65 , pp. 18-31
    • Butler, R.1
  • 32
    • 0942300552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions to the discipline of positive organizational scholarship
    • Cameron K.S., and Caza A. Contributions to the discipline of positive organizational scholarship. American Behavioral Scientist, 47 6 (2004) 1-9
    • (2004) American Behavioral Scientist, 47 , vol.6 , pp. 1-9
    • Cameron, K.S.1    Caza, A.2
  • 33
    • 0037988604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cameron K.S., Dutton J.E., and Quinn R.E. (Eds), Berrett-Koehler Publishers, San Francisco, CA
    • In: Cameron K.S., Dutton J.E., and Quinn R.E. (Eds). Positive organizational psychology: foundations of a new discipline (2003), Berrett-Koehler Publishers, San Francisco, CA
    • (2003) Positive organizational psychology: foundations of a new discipline
  • 34
    • 0038161226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structure of the self-concept and its relation to psychological adjustment
    • Campbell J.D., Assanand S., and Di Paula A. The structure of the self-concept and its relation to psychological adjustment. Journal of Personality 71 (2003) 115-140
    • (2003) Journal of Personality , vol.71 , pp. 115-140
    • Campbell, J.D.1    Assanand, S.2    Di Paula, A.3
  • 35
    • 0031521249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting perspectives on strategic leaders: Toward a more realistic view of top managers
    • Canella Jr. A.A., and Monroe M.J. Contrasting perspectives on strategic leaders: Toward a more realistic view of top managers. Journal of Management 23 (1997) 213-237
    • (1997) Journal of Management , vol.23 , pp. 213-237
    • Canella Jr., A.A.1    Monroe, M.J.2
  • 36
    • 0002202476 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive psychology and team training: Shared mental models in complex systems
    • Cannon-Bowers J.A., Salas E., and Converse S.A. Cognitive psychology and team training: Shared mental models in complex systems. Human Factors Bulletin 33 (1990) 1-4
    • (1990) Human Factors Bulletin , vol.33 , pp. 1-4
    • Cannon-Bowers, J.A.1    Salas, E.2    Converse, S.A.3
  • 37
    • 0000836749 scopus 로고
    • Translating cognition into action: The role of visual guidance in observational learning
    • Carroll W.R., and Bandura A. Translating cognition into action: The role of visual guidance in observational learning. Journal of Motor Behavior 19 (1987) 385-398
    • (1987) Journal of Motor Behavior , vol.19 , pp. 385-398
    • Carroll, W.R.1    Bandura, A.2
  • 38
    • 0020157678 scopus 로고
    • Control theory: A useful conceptual framework for personality-social, clinical, and health psychology
    • Carver C.S., and Scheier M.F. Control theory: A useful conceptual framework for personality-social, clinical, and health psychology. Psychological Bulletin 92 (1982) 111-135
    • (1982) Psychological Bulletin , vol.92 , pp. 111-135
    • Carver, C.S.1    Scheier, M.F.2
  • 40
    • 84983011084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a theory of individual differences and leadership: Understanding the motivation to lead
    • Chan K.Y., and Drasgow F. Toward a theory of individual differences and leadership: Understanding the motivation to lead. Journal of Applied Psychology 86 3 (2001) 481-498
    • (2001) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.86 , Issue.3 , pp. 481-498
    • Chan, K.Y.1    Drasgow, F.2
  • 42
    • 0034378633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispositional affect and leadership effectiveness: A comparison of self-esteem, optimism, and efficacy
    • Chemers M.M., Watson C.B., and May S.T. Dispositional affect and leadership effectiveness: A comparison of self-esteem, optimism, and efficacy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26 (2000) 267-277
    • (2000) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.26 , pp. 267-277
    • Chemers, M.M.1    Watson, C.B.2    May, S.T.3
  • 43
    • 0036626079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of different levels of leadership in predicting self- and collective efficacy: Evidence for discontinuity
    • Chen G., and Bliese P. The role of different levels of leadership in predicting self- and collective efficacy: Evidence for discontinuity. Journal of Applied Psychology 87 (2001) 549-556
    • (2001) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.87 , pp. 549-556
    • Chen, G.1    Bliese, P.2
  • 45
    • 33847030806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of transformational team leadership on collective efficacy and team performance
    • Chen C., and Lee H. Effects of transformational team leadership on collective efficacy and team performance. International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development 4 (2007) 202-217
    • (2007) International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development , vol.4 , pp. 202-217
    • Chen, C.1    Lee, H.2
  • 46
    • 0037986579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous examination of the antecedents and consequences of efficacy beliefs at multiple levels of analysis
    • Chen G., Webber S., Bliese P., Mathieu J., Payne S., Born D., et al. Simultaneous examination of the antecedents and consequences of efficacy beliefs at multiple levels of analysis. Human Performance 15 (2002) 381-409
    • (2002) Human Performance , vol.15 , pp. 381-409
    • Chen, G.1    Webber, S.2    Bliese, P.3    Mathieu, J.4    Payne, S.5    Born, D.6
  • 48
    • 0034388461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managerial performance development constructs and personality correlates
    • Conway J.M. Managerial performance development constructs and personality correlates. Human Performance 13 (2000) 23-46
    • (2000) Human Performance , vol.13 , pp. 23-46
    • Conway, J.M.1
  • 50
    • 0001159390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leadership development: A review in context
    • Day D.V. Leadership development: A review in context. The Leadership Quarterly 11 (2001) 581-614
    • (2001) The Leadership Quarterly , vol.11 , pp. 581-614
    • Day, D.V.1
  • 51
    • 21844516822 scopus 로고
    • Paradox and performance: Toward a theory of behavioral complexity in managerial leadership
    • Dennison D.R., Hooijberg R., and Quinn R.E. Paradox and performance: Toward a theory of behavioral complexity in managerial leadership. Organizational Science 6 (1995) 524-540
    • (1995) Organizational Science , vol.6 , pp. 524-540
    • Dennison, D.R.1    Hooijberg, R.2    Quinn, R.E.3
  • 52
    • 29444438310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A motivated action theory account of goal orientation
    • DeShon R.P., and Gillespie J.Z. A motivated action theory account of goal orientation. Journal of Applied Psychology 90 (2005) 1096-1127
    • (2005) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.90 , pp. 1096-1127
    • DeShon, R.P.1    Gillespie, J.Z.2
  • 53
    • 0000812836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of leader role, team-set goal difficulty, efficacy, and tactics on team effectiveness
    • Durham C., Knight D., and Locke E. Effects of leader role, team-set goal difficulty, efficacy, and tactics on team effectiveness. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 72 (1997) 203-231
    • (1997) Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , vol.72 , pp. 203-231
    • Durham, C.1    Knight, D.2    Locke, E.3
  • 54
    • 0036671198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of transformational leadership training on follower development and performance: A field experiment
    • Dvir T., Eden D., Avolio B.J., and Shamir B. Impact of transformational leadership training on follower development and performance: A field experiment. Academy of Management Journal 45 (2002) 735-744
    • (2002) Academy of Management Journal , vol.45 , pp. 735-744
    • Dvir, T.1    Eden, D.2    Avolio, B.J.3    Shamir, B.4
  • 55
    • 0037410553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Follower developmental characteristics as predicting transformational leadership: A longitudinal field study
    • Dvir T., and Shamir B. Follower developmental characteristics as predicting transformational leadership: A longitudinal field study. The Leadership Quarterly 14 (2003) 327-344
    • (2003) The Leadership Quarterly , vol.14 , pp. 327-344
    • Dvir, T.1    Shamir, B.2
  • 56
    • 0002364519 scopus 로고
    • Motivation
    • Lesgold A., and Glaser R. (Eds), Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Dweck C.S. Motivation. In: Lesgold A., and Glaser R. (Eds). Foundations for a psychology of education (1989), Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • (1989) Foundations for a psychology of education
    • Dweck, C.S.1
  • 57
    • 26844523163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-systems give unique meaning to self variables
    • Leary M., and Tangney J.P. (Eds), Guilford Press, New York, NY
    • Dweck C.S., Higgins E.T., and Grant-Pillow H. Self-systems give unique meaning to self variables. In: Leary M., and Tangney J.P. (Eds). Handbook of self and identity (2003), Guilford Press, New York, NY 239-252
    • (2003) Handbook of self and identity , pp. 239-252
    • Dweck, C.S.1    Higgins, E.T.2    Grant-Pillow, H.3
  • 58
    • 38249010003 scopus 로고
    • Leadership and expectations: Pygmalion effects and other self-fulfilling prophecies in organizations
    • Eden D. Leadership and expectations: Pygmalion effects and other self-fulfilling prophecies in organizations. The Leadership Quarterly 3 (1992) 271-305
    • (1992) The Leadership Quarterly , vol.3 , pp. 271-305
    • Eden, D.1
  • 59
    • 55549140257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eden, D. (1996, August). From self-efficacy to means efficacy: Internal and external sources of general and specific efficacy. Paper presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Cincinnati, OH.
    • Eden, D. (1996, August). From self-efficacy to means efficacy: Internal and external sources of general and specific efficacy. Paper presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Cincinnati, OH.
  • 60
    • 0012640354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Means efficacy: External sources of general and specific subjective efficacy
    • Erez M., Kleinbeck U., and Thierry H. (Eds), Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Eden D. Means efficacy: External sources of general and specific subjective efficacy. In: Erez M., Kleinbeck U., and Thierry H. (Eds). Work motivation in the context of a globalizing economy (2001), Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 65-77
    • (2001) Work motivation in the context of a globalizing economy , pp. 65-77
    • Eden, D.1
  • 61
    • 14544308105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pygmalion training made effective: Greater mastery through augmentation of self-efficacy and means efficacy
    • Avolio B.J., and Yammarino F.J. (Eds), Elsevier, New York
    • Eden D., and Sulimani R. Pygmalion training made effective: Greater mastery through augmentation of self-efficacy and means efficacy. In: Avolio B.J., and Yammarino F.J. (Eds). Transformational/charismatic leadership: The road ahead (2002), Elsevier, New York
    • (2002) Transformational/charismatic leadership: The road ahead
    • Eden, D.1    Sulimani, R.2
  • 62
    • 0033243278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams
    • Edmondson A. Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly 44 (1999) 350-383
    • (1999) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.44 , pp. 350-383
    • Edmondson, A.1
  • 63
    • 33744514580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of vertical and shared leadership within new venture top management teams: Implications for the performance of startups
    • Ensley M.D., Hmieleski K.M., and Pearce C.L. The importance of vertical and shared leadership within new venture top management teams: Implications for the performance of startups. The Leadership Quarterly 17 (2006) 217-231
    • (2006) The Leadership Quarterly , vol.17 , pp. 217-231
    • Ensley, M.D.1    Hmieleski, K.M.2    Pearce, C.L.3
  • 64
    • 55549115114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finn, F., Mason, C., & Bradley, L. (2007). Doing well with executive coaching: Psychological and behavioral impacts. Paper presented at the Academy of Management Conference, Philadelphia.
    • Finn, F., Mason, C., & Bradley, L. (2007). Doing well with executive coaching: Psychological and behavioral impacts. Paper presented at the Academy of Management Conference, Philadelphia.
  • 65
    • 85043904715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions
    • Fredrickson B.L. The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist 56 (2001) 218-226
    • (2001) American Psychologist , vol.56 , pp. 218-226
    • Fredrickson, B.L.1
  • 66
    • 27344448929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive affect and the complex dynamics of human flourishing
    • Fredrickson B.L., and Losada M.F. Positive affect and the complex dynamics of human flourishing. American Psychologist 60 (2005) 678-686
    • (2005) American Psychologist , vol.60 , pp. 678-686
    • Fredrickson, B.L.1    Losada, M.F.2
  • 67
    • 85047692638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What good are positive emotions in crises? A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States on Sept 11th, 2001
    • Fredrickson B.L., Tugade M.M., Waugh C.E., and Larkin G.R. What good are positive emotions in crises? A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States on Sept 11th, 2001. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84 (2003) 365-376
    • (2003) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.84 , pp. 365-376
    • Fredrickson, B.L.1    Tugade, M.M.2    Waugh, C.E.3    Larkin, G.R.4
  • 68
    • 84965886514 scopus 로고
    • Standards, persuasion, and performance: A test of cognitive mediation theory
    • Garland H., and Adkinson J.H. Standards, persuasion, and performance: A test of cognitive mediation theory. Group & Organizational Studies 12 (1987) 208-220
    • (1987) Group & Organizational Studies , vol.12 , pp. 208-220
    • Garland, H.1    Adkinson, J.H.2
  • 69
    • 0032354767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The charismatic relationship: A dramaturgical perspective
    • Gardner W.I., and Avolio B.J. The charismatic relationship: A dramaturgical perspective. Academy of Management Review 23 (1998) 32-58
    • (1998) Academy of Management Review , vol.23 , pp. 32-58
    • Gardner, W.I.1    Avolio, B.J.2
  • 72
    • 84991133914 scopus 로고
    • The influence of training method on self-efficacy and idea generation among managers
    • Gist M.E. The influence of training method on self-efficacy and idea generation among managers. Personnel Psychology 42 (1989) 787-805
    • (1989) Personnel Psychology , vol.42 , pp. 787-805
    • Gist, M.E.1
  • 73
    • 0000806910 scopus 로고
    • Self-efficacy: A theoretical analysis of its determinants and malleability
    • Gist M.E., and Mitchell T.R. Self-efficacy: A theoretical analysis of its determinants and malleability. Academy of Management Review 17 (1992) 183-211
    • (1992) Academy of Management Review , vol.17 , pp. 183-211
    • Gist, M.E.1    Mitchell, T.R.2
  • 74
    • 0027348286 scopus 로고
    • The structure of phenotypic personality traits
    • Goldberg L.R. The structure of phenotypic personality traits. American Psychologist 48 (1993) 26-34
    • (1993) American Psychologist , vol.48 , pp. 26-34
    • Goldberg, L.R.1
  • 75
    • 0036798460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of team efficacy, potency and performance: Interdependence and level of analysis as moderators of observed relationships
    • Gully S.M., Incalcaterra K.A., Joshi A., and Beaubien J.M. A meta-analysis of team efficacy, potency and performance: Interdependence and level of analysis as moderators of observed relationships. Journal of Applied Psychology 87 (2002) 819-832
    • (2002) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.87 , pp. 819-832
    • Gully, S.M.1    Incalcaterra, K.A.2    Joshi, A.3    Beaubien, J.M.4
  • 76
    • 58149322472 scopus 로고
    • Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective
    • Graen G.B., and Uhl-Bien M. Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective. Leadership Quarterly 6 (1995) 219-247
    • (1995) Leadership Quarterly , vol.6 , pp. 219-247
    • Graen, G.B.1    Uhl-Bien, M.2
  • 77
    • 55549110155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hannah, S.T. (2006). Agentic leadership efficacy: Test of a new construct and model for development and performance. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
    • Hannah, S.T. (2006). Agentic leadership efficacy: Test of a new construct and model for development and performance. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
  • 78
    • 71649095738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex adaptive leadership
    • Knowledge driven corporation: a discontinuous model. Graen G.B., and Graen J.A. (Eds), Information Age Publishing Inc, Charlotte, NC
    • Hannah S.T., Eggers J.T., and Jennings P.L. Complex adaptive leadership. In: Graen G.B., and Graen J.A. (Eds). Knowledge driven corporation: a discontinuous model. LMX leadership: The series Vol. VI (2008), Information Age Publishing Inc, Charlotte, NC
    • (2008) LMX leadership: The series , vol.VI
    • Hannah, S.T.1    Eggers, J.T.2    Jennings, P.L.3
  • 79
    • 55549116087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hannah, S.T., Lester, P. (in press). A multilevel approach to building and leading learning organizations. The Leadership Quarterly.
    • Hannah, S.T., Lester, P. (in press). A multilevel approach to building and leading learning organizations. The Leadership Quarterly.
  • 80
    • 55549141271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cognitive affective processing explanation of positive leadership: Toward theoretical understanding of the role of psychological capital
    • Humphrey R.H. (Ed), Information Age Publishing
    • Hannah S.T., and Luthans F. A cognitive affective processing explanation of positive leadership: Toward theoretical understanding of the role of psychological capital. In: Humphrey R.H. (Ed). Affect and emotion: new directions in management theory and research, volume 7 of research in management (2008), Information Age Publishing
    • (2008) Affect and emotion: new directions in management theory and research, volume 7 of research in management
    • Hannah, S.T.1    Luthans, F.2
  • 81
    • 55549089374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hannah, S.T., Woolfolk, L., & Lord, R. (in press). Leader self-structure: A framework for positive leadership. Journal of Organizational Behavior.
    • Hannah, S.T., Woolfolk, L., & Lord, R. (in press). Leader self-structure: A framework for positive leadership. Journal of Organizational Behavior.
  • 82
    • 34948907405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond the big five: Leader goal orientation as a predictor of leadership effectiveness
    • Hendricks J., and Payne S. Beyond the big five: Leader goal orientation as a predictor of leadership effectiveness. Human Performance 20 (2007) 317-343
    • (2007) Human Performance , vol.20 , pp. 317-343
    • Hendricks, J.1    Payne, S.2
  • 83
    • 0002537253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do self-attributes form a cognitive structure?
    • Higgins E.T., Van Hook E., and Dorfman D. Do self-attributes form a cognitive structure?. Social Cognition 6 (1998) 177-206
    • (1998) Social Cognition , vol.6 , pp. 177-206
    • Higgins, E.T.1    Van Hook, E.2    Dorfman, D.3
  • 84
    • 0026329835 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of self-efficacy appraisals and subsequent health related outcomes: A meta-analysis
    • Holden G. The relationship of self-efficacy appraisals and subsequent health related outcomes: A meta-analysis. Social Work Health Care 16 (1991) 53-93
    • (1991) Social Work Health Care , vol.16 , pp. 53-93
    • Holden, G.1
  • 87
    • 0031536971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leadership complexity and development of the leaderplex model
    • Hooijberg R., Hunt J.G., and Dodge G.E. Leadership complexity and development of the leaderplex model. Journal of Management 23 3 (1997) 375-408
    • (1997) Journal of Management , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 375-408
    • Hooijberg, R.1    Hunt, J.G.2    Dodge, G.E.3
  • 88
    • 0001074310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Path-goal theory of leadership: Lessons, legacy, and a reformulated theory
    • House R.J. Path-goal theory of leadership: Lessons, legacy, and a reformulated theory. Leadership Quarterly 7 (1996) 323-352
    • (1996) Leadership Quarterly , vol.7 , pp. 323-352
    • House, R.J.1
  • 89
    • 0031498132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The social scientific study of leadership: Quo vadis?
    • House R.J., and Aditya R.N. The social scientific study of leadership: Quo vadis?. Journal of Management 23 (1997) 409-473
    • (1997) Journal of Management , vol.23 , pp. 409-473
    • House, R.J.1    Aditya, R.N.2
  • 90
    • 11344267373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of followers in the charismatic leadership process: Relationships and their consequences
    • Howell J.M., and Shamir B. The role of followers in the charismatic leadership process: Relationships and their consequences. Academy of Management Review 30 (2005) 96-112
    • (2005) Academy of Management Review , vol.30 , pp. 96-112
    • Howell, J.M.1    Shamir, B.2
  • 91
    • 55549135081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of leadership efficacy and stereotype activation in women's identification with leadership
    • Hoyt C. The role of leadership efficacy and stereotype activation in women's identification with leadership. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 11 (2005) 2-14
    • (2005) Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies , vol.11 , pp. 2-14
    • Hoyt, C.1
  • 92
    • 0242467101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transformational and transactional leadership in virtual and physical environments
    • Hoyt C., and Blascovich J. Transformational and transactional leadership in virtual and physical environments. Small Group Research 34 (2003) 678-715
    • (2003) Small Group Research , vol.34 , pp. 678-715
    • Hoyt, C.1    Blascovich, J.2
  • 95
    • 55549129692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The leadership quarterly yearly review of leadership
    • Hunt J.R. (Ed)
    • The leadership quarterly yearly review of leadership. In: Hunt J.R. (Ed). The Leadership Quarterly Vol. 16 (2005) 873-1006
    • (2005) The Leadership Quarterly , vol.16 , pp. 873-1006
  • 96
    • 55549128686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The leadership quarterly yearly review of leadership
    • Hunt J.R. (Ed)
    • The leadership quarterly yearly review of leadership. In: Hunt J.R. (Ed). The Leadership Quarterly Vol. 17 (2006) 555-690
    • (2006) The Leadership Quarterly , vol.17 , pp. 555-690
  • 97
    • 0040208940 scopus 로고
    • Leadership in battle and garrison: A framework for understanding the differences and preparing for both
    • Gal R., and Mangeldorrf D. (Eds), Wiley, Chichester, UK
    • Hunt J.G., and Phillips R.L. Leadership in battle and garrison: A framework for understanding the differences and preparing for both. In: Gal R., and Mangeldorrf D. (Eds). Handbook of military psychology (1991), Wiley, Chichester, UK 411-429
    • (1991) Handbook of military psychology , pp. 411-429
    • Hunt, J.G.1    Phillips, R.L.2
  • 98
    • 0033235156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Provisional selves: Experimenting with image and identity in professional adaptation
    • Ibarra H. Provisional selves: Experimenting with image and identity in professional adaptation. Administrative Science Quarterly 44 (1999) 764-791
    • (1999) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.44 , pp. 764-791
    • Ibarra, H.1
  • 99
    • 0028274142 scopus 로고
    • The role of managerial self-efficacy in corporate compliance with the law
    • Jenkins A. The role of managerial self-efficacy in corporate compliance with the law. Law and Human Behavior 18 (1994) 71-88
    • (1994) Law and Human Behavior , vol.18 , pp. 71-88
    • Jenkins, A.1
  • 100
    • 33744931916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moving from cognition to behavior: What the research says
    • Johnson R.E., Chang D., and Lord R.G. Moving from cognition to behavior: What the research says. Psychological Bulletin 132 (2006) 381-415
    • (2006) Psychological Bulletin , vol.132 , pp. 381-415
    • Johnson, R.E.1    Chang, D.2    Lord, R.G.3
  • 101
  • 102
    • 21744433116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dispositional causes of job satisfaction: A core evaluations approach
    • Judge T.A., Locke E.A., and Durham C.C. The dispositional causes of job satisfaction: A core evaluations approach. Research in Organizational Behavior 19 (1997) 151-188
    • (1997) Research in Organizational Behavior , vol.19 , pp. 151-188
    • Judge, T.A.1    Locke, E.A.2    Durham, C.C.3
  • 103
    • 0042827287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group potency and collective efficacy
    • Jung D., and Sosik J. Group potency and collective efficacy. Group Organization Management 28 (2003) 366-391
    • (2003) Group Organization Management , vol.28 , pp. 366-391
    • Jung, D.1    Sosik, J.2
  • 104
    • 10744219817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of anonymity, rewards, and leadership style in an electronic meeting system context
    • Kahai S., Sosik J., and Avolio B. Effects of anonymity, rewards, and leadership style in an electronic meeting system context. The Leadership Quarterly 14 (2003) 499-524
    • (2003) The Leadership Quarterly , vol.14 , pp. 499-524
    • Kahai, S.1    Sosik, J.2    Avolio, B.3
  • 106
    • 0003199781 scopus 로고
    • Task-specific motivation: An integrative approach to issues of measurement, mechanisms, processes, and determinants
    • Kanfer R. Task-specific motivation: An integrative approach to issues of measurement, mechanisms, processes, and determinants. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 5 (1987) 237-264
    • (1987) Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , vol.5 , pp. 237-264
    • Kanfer, R.1
  • 107
    • 0001257866 scopus 로고
    • Motivation and individual differences in learning: An integration of development, differential and cognitive perspectives
    • Kanfer R. Motivation and individual differences in learning: An integration of development, differential and cognitive perspectives. Learning and Individual Differences 2 (1990) 221-239
    • (1990) Learning and Individual Differences , vol.2 , pp. 221-239
    • Kanfer, R.1
  • 108
    • 0000515289 scopus 로고
    • Motivation and cognitive abilities: An integrative/aptitude-treatment interaction approach to skill acquisition
    • Kanfer R., and Ackerman P.L. Motivation and cognitive abilities: An integrative/aptitude-treatment interaction approach to skill acquisition. Journal of Applied Psychology 74 (1989) 657-689
    • (1989) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.74 , pp. 657-689
    • Kanfer, R.1    Ackerman, P.L.2
  • 110
    • 0242530929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dual effect of transformational leadership: Priming relational and collective selves and further effects on followers
    • Avolio B.J., and Yammarino F.J. (Eds), JAI Press, Amsterdam
    • Kark R., and Shamir B. The dual effect of transformational leadership: Priming relational and collective selves and further effects on followers. In: Avolio B.J., and Yammarino F.J. (Eds). Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead Vol. 2 (2002), JAI Press, Amsterdam 67-91
    • (2002) Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead , vol.2 , pp. 67-91
    • Kark, R.1    Shamir, B.2
  • 111
    • 0037398619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The two faces of transformational leadership: Empowerment and dependency
    • Kark R., Shamir B., and Chen G. The two faces of transformational leadership: Empowerment and dependency. Journal of Applied Psychology 88 (2003) 246-255
    • (2003) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.88 , pp. 246-255
    • Kark, R.1    Shamir, B.2    Chen, G.3
  • 113
    • 2942588369 scopus 로고
    • Self and identity as memory
    • Leary M.R., and Tangney J.P. (Eds), Guilford Press, New York, NY
    • Kihlstrom J.F., Beer J.S., and Klein S.B. Self and identity as memory. In: Leary M.R., and Tangney J.P. (Eds). Handbook of self and identity (1994), Guilford Press, New York, NY 68-90
    • (1994) Handbook of self and identity , pp. 68-90
    • Kihlstrom, J.F.1    Beer, J.S.2    Klein, S.B.3
  • 114
    • 0030534567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct and indirect effects of three core charismatic leadership components on performance and attitudes
    • Kirkpatrick S., and Locke E.A. Direct and indirect effects of three core charismatic leadership components on performance and attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology 8 (1996) 36-51
    • (1996) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.8 , pp. 36-51
    • Kirkpatrick, S.1    Locke, E.A.2
  • 115
    • 0007784023 scopus 로고
    • Levels issues in theory development, data collection and analysis
    • Klein K.J., Dansereau F., and Hall R.J. Levels issues in theory development, data collection and analysis. Academy of Management Review 19 (1994) 195-229
    • (1994) Academy of Management Review , vol.19 , pp. 195-229
    • Klein, K.J.1    Dansereau, F.2    Hall, R.J.3
  • 116
    • 0000862519 scopus 로고
    • Team mental model: Construct or metaphor?
    • Klimoski R., and Mohammad S. Team mental model: Construct or metaphor?. Journal of Management 20 (1994) 403-437
    • (1994) Journal of Management , vol.20 , pp. 403-437
    • Klimoski, R.1    Mohammad, S.2
  • 117
    • 0002939005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multilevel approach to theory and research in organizations: Contextual, temporal, and emergent processes
    • Klein K.J., and Kozlowski S.W.J. (Eds), Jossey-Bass, San Franscisco
    • Kozlowski S.W.J., and Klein K.J. A multilevel approach to theory and research in organizations: Contextual, temporal, and emergent processes. In: Klein K.J., and Kozlowski S.W.J. (Eds). Multilevel theory, research, and methods in organizations (2000), Jossey-Bass, San Franscisco 3-90
    • (2000) Multilevel theory, research, and methods in organizations , pp. 3-90
    • Kozlowski, S.W.J.1    Klein, K.J.2
  • 119
    • 0027619777 scopus 로고
    • Self-efficacy and perceptions of opportunities and threats
    • Krueger Jr. N.F., and Dickson P.R. Self-efficacy and perceptions of opportunities and threats. Psychological Reports 72 (1993) 1235-1240
    • (1993) Psychological Reports , vol.72 , pp. 1235-1240
    • Krueger Jr., N.F.1    Dickson, P.R.2
  • 120
    • 33745641315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do personality traits contribute to vocational self-efficacy?
    • Larson L., and Borgen F. Do personality traits contribute to vocational self-efficacy?. Journal of Career Assessment 14 (2006) 295-311
    • (2006) Journal of Career Assessment , vol.14 , pp. 295-311
    • Larson, L.1    Borgen, F.2
  • 121
    • 0036704579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation of the antecedents and consequences of group-level confidence
    • Lee C., Tinsley C., and Bobko P. An investigation of the antecedents and consequences of group-level confidence. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 32 (2002) 1628-1652
    • (2002) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.32 , pp. 1628-1652
    • Lee, C.1    Tinsley, C.2    Bobko, P.3
  • 122
    • 38249035129 scopus 로고
    • Career self-efficacy: Empirical status and future directions
    • Lent R.W., and Hackett G. Career self-efficacy: Empirical status and future directions. Journal of Vocational Behavior 30 (1987) 347-382
    • (1987) Journal of Vocational Behavior , vol.30 , pp. 347-382
    • Lent, R.W.1    Hackett, G.2
  • 124
    • 0023319006 scopus 로고
    • Self-complexity as a cognitive buffer against stress-related illness and depression
    • Linville P.W. Self-complexity as a cognitive buffer against stress-related illness and depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52 (1987) 663-676
    • (1987) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 663-676
    • Linville, P.W.1
  • 128
    • 0007088181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the dynamics of leadership: The role of follower self-concepts in the leader/follower relationship
    • Lord R.G., Brown D.J., and Freiberg S.J. Understanding the dynamics of leadership: The role of follower self-concepts in the leader/follower relationship. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 78 (1999) 167-203
    • (1999) Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , vol.78 , pp. 167-203
    • Lord, R.G.1    Brown, D.J.2    Freiberg, S.J.3
  • 129
    • 0001721557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thinking outside the box by looking inside the box: Extending the cognitive revolution in leadership research
    • Lord R.G., and Emrich C.G. Thinking outside the box by looking inside the box: Extending the cognitive revolution in leadership research. The Leadership Quarterly 11 4 (2001) 551-579
    • (2001) The Leadership Quarterly , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 551-579
    • Lord, R.G.1    Emrich, C.G.2
  • 130
    • 23844490275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identity, deep structure and the development of leadership skills
    • Lord R.G., and Hall R.J. Identity, deep structure and the development of leadership skills. Leadership Quarterly 16 (2005) 591-615
    • (2005) Leadership Quarterly , vol.16 , pp. 591-615
    • Lord, R.G.1    Hall, R.J.2
  • 131
    • 33845252756 scopus 로고
    • A test of leadership categorization theory: Internal structure, information processing, and leadership perceptions
    • Lord R.G., Foti R.J., and DeVader C.L. A test of leadership categorization theory: Internal structure, information processing, and leadership perceptions. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 34 (1984) 343-378
    • (1984) Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , vol.34 , pp. 343-378
    • Lord, R.G.1    Foti, R.J.2    DeVader, C.L.3
  • 132
    • 0942278844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of positivity and connectivity in the performance of business teams
    • Losada M., and Heaphy E. The role of positivity and connectivity in the performance of business teams. American Behavioral Scientist 47 (2004) 740-765
    • (2004) American Behavioral Scientist , vol.47 , pp. 740-765
    • Losada, M.1    Heaphy, E.2
  • 133
    • 0036340469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior
    • Luthans F. The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior 23 (2002) 695-706
    • (2002) Journal of Organizational Behavior , vol.23 , pp. 695-706
    • Luthans, F.1
  • 134
    • 0942274223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Authentic leadership: A positive developmental approach
    • Cameron K.S., Dutton J.E., and Quinn R.E. (Eds), Berrett-Koehler, San Francisco
    • Luthans F., and Avolio B.J. Authentic leadership: A positive developmental approach. In: Cameron K.S., Dutton J.E., and Quinn R.E. (Eds). Positive organizational scholarship (2003), Berrett-Koehler, San Francisco 241-258
    • (2003) Positive organizational scholarship , pp. 241-258
    • Luthans, F.1    Avolio, B.J.2
  • 135
    • 34548449881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction
    • Luthans F., Avolio B.J., Avey J.B., and Norman S.M. Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology 60 (2007) 541-572
    • (2007) Personnel Psychology , vol.60 , pp. 541-572
    • Luthans, F.1    Avolio, B.J.2    Avey, J.B.3    Norman, S.M.4
  • 137
    • 84986120208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Employee engagement and manager self-efficacy: Implications for managerial effectiveness and development
    • Luthans F., and Peterson S.J. Employee engagement and manager self-efficacy: Implications for managerial effectiveness and development. Journal of Management Development 21 5 (2002) 376-387
    • (2002) Journal of Management Development , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 376-387
    • Luthans, F.1    Peterson, S.J.2
  • 138
    • 34248677559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging positive leadership behavior
    • Luthans F., and Youssef C. Emerging positive leadership behavior. Journal of Management 33 (2007) 321-349
    • (2007) Journal of Management , vol.33 , pp. 321-349
    • Luthans, F.1    Youssef, C.2
  • 140
    • 55549100021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lyons, C. & Murphy, M. (1994). Principal self-efficacy and the use of power. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA.
    • Lyons, C. & Murphy, M. (1994). Principal self-efficacy and the use of power. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA.
  • 142
    • 0000245047 scopus 로고
    • Self-leadership: Toward and expanded theory of self-influence processes in organizations
    • Manz C.C. Self-leadership: Toward and expanded theory of self-influence processes in organizations. Academy of Management Review 11 (1986) 585-600
    • (1986) Academy of Management Review , vol.11 , pp. 585-600
    • Manz, C.C.1
  • 143
    • 0035716935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leadership in complex organizations
    • Marion R., and Uhl-Bien M. Leadership in complex organizations. Leadership Quarterly 12 (2001) 389-418
    • (2001) Leadership Quarterly , vol.12 , pp. 389-418
    • Marion, R.1    Uhl-Bien, M.2
  • 144
    • 85074110767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complexity and strategic leadership
    • Being there even when you are not: Leading through strategy, structures, and systems. Hooijberg R., Hunt J., Boal K., and Antonakis J. (Eds), Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Marion R., and Uhl-Bien M. Complexity and strategic leadership. In: Hooijberg R., Hunt J., Boal K., and Antonakis J. (Eds). Being there even when you are not: Leading through strategy, structures, and systems. Monographs in Leadership and Management Vol. 4 (2007), Elsevier, Amsterdam 273-287
    • (2007) Monographs in Leadership and Management , vol.4 , pp. 273-287
    • Marion, R.1    Uhl-Bien, M.2
  • 145
    • 84958876060 scopus 로고
    • The dynamic self-concept: A psychological perspective
    • Markus H., and Wurf E. The dynamic self-concept: A psychological perspective. Annual Review of Psychology 38 (1987) 299-337
    • (1987) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.38 , pp. 299-337
    • Markus, H.1    Wurf, E.2
  • 146
    • 84949696913 scopus 로고
    • Self-concept: Its multifaceted, hierarchical structure
    • Marsh H., and Shavelson R. Self-concept: Its multifaceted, hierarchical structure. Educational Psychologist 20 (1985) 107-123
    • (1985) Educational Psychologist , vol.20 , pp. 107-123
    • Marsh, H.1    Shavelson, R.2
  • 147
    • 55549106232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McCormick, M.J. (1999). The Influence of goal orientation and sex-role identity on the development of leadership self-efficacy during a training intervention. Unpublished dissertation, Texas A&M.
    • McCormick, M.J. (1999). The Influence of goal orientation and sex-role identity on the development of leadership self-efficacy during a training intervention. Unpublished dissertation, Texas A&M.
  • 148
    • 33744986913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-efficacy and leadership effectiveness: Applying social cognitive theory to leadership
    • McCormick M.J. Self-efficacy and leadership effectiveness: Applying social cognitive theory to leadership. Journal of Leadership Studies 8 (2001) 22-33
    • (2001) Journal of Leadership Studies , vol.8 , pp. 22-33
    • McCormick, M.J.1
  • 150
    • 33645674660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Augmenting the effect of verbal persuasion on self-efficacy to serve as a steward: Gender similarity in a union environment
    • Mellor S., Barclay L., Bulger C., and Kath L. Augmenting the effect of verbal persuasion on self-efficacy to serve as a steward: Gender similarity in a union environment. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 79 (2006) 121-129
    • (2006) Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology , vol.79 , pp. 121-129
    • Mellor, S.1    Barclay, L.2    Bulger, C.3    Kath, L.4
  • 152
    • 0031612588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconciling processing dynamics and personality dispositions
    • Mischel W., and Shoda Y. Reconciling processing dynamics and personality dispositions. Annual Review of Psychology 49 (1998) 229-258
    • (1998) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.49 , pp. 229-258
    • Mischel, W.1    Shoda, Y.2
  • 153
    • 0041367461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-focused attention and negative affect: A meta-analysis
    • Mor N., and Winquist J. Self-focused attention and negative affect: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin 128 (2002) 638-662
    • (2002) Psychological Bulletin , vol.128 , pp. 638-662
    • Mor, N.1    Winquist, J.2
  • 154
    • 0001733290 scopus 로고
    • Leaders as creators: Leader performance and problem solving in ill-defined domains
    • Mumford M.D., and Connelly M.S. Leaders as creators: Leader performance and problem solving in ill-defined domains. The Leadership Quarterly 2 (1991) 289-316
    • (1991) The Leadership Quarterly , vol.2 , pp. 289-316
    • Mumford, M.D.1    Connelly, M.S.2
  • 156
    • 0002254102 scopus 로고
    • Relation of self-efficacy beliefs to academic outcomes: A meta-analytic investigation
    • Multon K.D., Brown S.D., and Lent R.W. Relation of self-efficacy beliefs to academic outcomes: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Counseling Psychology 38 (1991) 30-38
    • (1991) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.38 , pp. 30-38
    • Multon, K.D.1    Brown, S.D.2    Lent, R.W.3
  • 157
    • 0031185224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of leaders and subordinate characteristics in the development of leader-member exchange quality
    • Murphy S., and Ensher E. The effects of leaders and subordinate characteristics in the development of leader-member exchange quality. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 29 (1999) 1371-1394
    • (1999) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.29 , pp. 1371-1394
    • Murphy, S.1    Ensher, E.2
  • 158
    • 44149114928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speech imagery and perceptions of charisma: The mediating role of positive affect
    • Naidoo L.J., and Lord R.G. Speech imagery and perceptions of charisma: The mediating role of positive affect. The Leadership Quarterly 19 (2008) 283-296
    • (2008) The Leadership Quarterly , vol.19 , pp. 283-296
    • Naidoo, L.J.1    Lord, R.G.2
  • 159
    • 22944448327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When collective- and self-efficacy affect team performance
    • Navon T., and Erez M. When collective- and self-efficacy affect team performance. Small Group Research 36 (2005) 437-465
    • (2005) Small Group Research , vol.36 , pp. 437-465
    • Navon, T.1    Erez, M.2
  • 160
    • 0026315523 scopus 로고
    • Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes
    • Nolen-Hoeksema S. Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 100 (1991) 569-582
    • (1991) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.100 , pp. 569-582
    • Nolen-Hoeksema, S.1
  • 161
    • 0009993525 scopus 로고
    • A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation
    • Nonaka I. A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organization Science 5 (1994) 14-37
    • (1994) Organization Science , vol.5 , pp. 14-37
    • Nonaka, I.1
  • 164
    • 55549096104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paglis, L. (1999). Searching for the wellspring of leading change: Leader self-efficacy in organizations. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Purdue University.
    • Paglis, L. (1999). Searching for the wellspring of leading change: Leader self-efficacy in organizations. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Purdue University.
  • 165
    • 0036101312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leadership self-efficacy and managers' motivation for leading change
    • Paglis L.L., and Green S.G. Leadership self-efficacy and managers' motivation for leading change. Journal of Organizational Behavior 23 (2002) 215-235
    • (2002) Journal of Organizational Behavior , vol.23 , pp. 215-235
    • Paglis, L.L.1    Green, S.G.2
  • 166
    • 0141774179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new leader: A synthesis of leadership research in Australia and New Zealand
    • Parry K. The new leader: A synthesis of leadership research in Australia and New Zealand. Journal of Leadership Studies 5 (1998) 82-105
    • (1998) Journal of Leadership Studies , vol.5 , pp. 82-105
    • Parry, K.1
  • 167
    • 1842473099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The future of leadership: Combining vertical and shared leadership to transform knowledge work
    • Pearce C.L. The future of leadership: Combining vertical and shared leadership to transform knowledge work. Academy of Management Executive 18 (2004) 47-57
    • (2004) Academy of Management Executive , vol.18 , pp. 47-57
    • Pearce, C.L.1
  • 168
    • 84993734466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collective efficacy and aspects of shared mental models as predictors of performance over time in work groups
    • Peterson E., Mitchell T., Thompson L., and Burr R. Collective efficacy and aspects of shared mental models as predictors of performance over time in work groups. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations 3 (2000) 296-316
    • (2000) Group Processes and Intergroup Relations , vol.3 , pp. 296-316
    • Peterson, E.1    Mitchell, T.2    Thompson, L.3    Burr, R.4
  • 169
    • 0035219335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of decision influence and team performance in member self-efficacy, withdrawal, satisfaction with the leader, and willingness to return
    • Phillips J. The role of decision influence and team performance in member self-efficacy, withdrawal, satisfaction with the leader, and willingness to return. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 84 (2000) 122-147
    • (2000) Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , vol.84 , pp. 122-147
    • Phillips, J.1
  • 170
    • 0031480149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of goal orientation, ability, need of achievement, and locus of control in the self-efficacy and goal-setting process
    • Phillips J.M., and Gully S.M. Role of goal orientation, ability, need of achievement, and locus of control in the self-efficacy and goal-setting process. Journal of Applied Psychology 82 (1997) 792-802
    • (1997) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 792-802
    • Phillips, J.M.1    Gully, S.M.2
  • 171
    • 2142641704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transformational leadership, self-efficacy, group cohesiveness, commitment, and performance
    • Pillai R., and Williams E. Transformational leadership, self-efficacy, group cohesiveness, commitment, and performance. Journal of Organizational Change Management 17 (2004) 144-159
    • (2004) Journal of Organizational Change Management , vol.17 , pp. 144-159
    • Pillai, R.1    Williams, E.2
  • 172
    • 33845260713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leadership and the organizational context: Like the weather
    • Porter L.W., and McLaughlin G.B. Leadership and the organizational context: Like the weather. The Leadership Quarterly 17 (2006) 559-576
    • (2006) The Leadership Quarterly , vol.17 , pp. 559-576
    • Porter, L.W.1    McLaughlin, G.B.2
  • 173
    • 11144332549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The capacity to lead: Major psychological differences between leaders and nonleaders
    • Popper M., Amit K., Gal R., Mishkal-Sinai M., and Lisak A. The capacity to lead: Major psychological differences between leaders and nonleaders. Military Psychology 16 (2004) 245-263
    • (2004) Military Psychology , vol.16 , pp. 245-263
    • Popper, M.1    Amit, K.2    Gal, R.3    Mishkal-Sinai, M.4    Lisak, A.5
  • 174
    • 0032148409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-leadership and performance outcomes: The mediating influence of self-efficacy
    • Prussia G.E., Anderson J.S., and Manz C.C. Self-leadership and performance outcomes: The mediating influence of self-efficacy. Journal of Organizational Behavior 19 (1998) 523-538
    • (1998) Journal of Organizational Behavior , vol.19 , pp. 523-538
    • Prussia, G.E.1    Anderson, J.S.2    Manz, C.C.3
  • 175
    • 0030547466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A motivational investigation of group effectiveness using social-cognitive theory
    • Prussia G.E., and Kinicki A. A motivational investigation of group effectiveness using social-cognitive theory. Journal of Applied Psychology 81 (1996) 187-198
    • (1996) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.81 , pp. 187-198
    • Prussia, G.E.1    Kinicki, A.2
  • 177
    • 33645669669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refining individualized consideration: Distinguishing development and supportive leadership
    • Rafferty A., and Griffin M. Refining individualized consideration: Distinguishing development and supportive leadership. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 79 (2006) 37-61
    • (2006) Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology , vol.79 , pp. 37-61
    • Rafferty, A.1    Griffin, M.2
  • 178
    • 84982010020 scopus 로고
    • Managerial self-efficacy and managerial performance
    • Robertson I.T., and Sadri G. Managerial self-efficacy and managerial performance. British Journal of Management 4 (1993) 37-45
    • (1993) British Journal of Management , vol.4 , pp. 37-45
    • Robertson, I.T.1    Sadri, G.2
  • 179
    • 33745102454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transformational leadership and teacher commitment to organizational values: The mediating effects of collective teacher efficacy
    • Ross J., and Gray P. Transformational leadership and teacher commitment to organizational values: The mediating effects of collective teacher efficacy. School Effectiveness and School Improvement 17 (2006) 179-199
    • (2006) School Effectiveness and School Improvement , vol.17 , pp. 179-199
    • Ross, J.1    Gray, P.2
  • 180
    • 0001861292 scopus 로고
    • Issues of level in organizational research: Multi-level and cross-level perspectives
    • Rousseau D.M. Issues of level in organizational research: Multi-level and cross-level perspectives. Research in Organizational Behavior 7 (1985) 1-38
    • (1985) Research in Organizational Behavior , vol.7 , pp. 1-38
    • Rousseau, D.M.1
  • 181
    • 2442484134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On assimilating identities to the self: A self-determination theory perspective on internalization and integrity within cultures
    • Leary M.R., and Tangney J.P. (Eds), Guilford, New York
    • Ryan R.M., and Deci E.L. On assimilating identities to the self: A self-determination theory perspective on internalization and integrity within cultures. In: Leary M.R., and Tangney J.P. (Eds). Handbook of self and identity (2003), Guilford, New York 253-272
    • (2003) Handbook of self and identity , pp. 253-272
    • Ryan, R.M.1    Deci, E.L.2
  • 183
    • 0038498068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning within a learner control training environment: The interactive effects of goal orientation and metacognitive instruction on learning outcomes
    • Schmidt A.M., and Ford K.J. Learning within a learner control training environment: The interactive effects of goal orientation and metacognitive instruction on learning outcomes. Personnel Psychology 56 (2003) 405-429
    • (2003) Personnel Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 405-429
    • Schmidt, A.M.1    Ford, K.J.2
  • 184
    • 84870034503 scopus 로고
    • Self-efficacy and skill development: Influence of task strategies and attributions
    • Schunk D.H., and Gunn T.P. Self-efficacy and skill development: Influence of task strategies and attributions. Journal of Educational Research 79 (1986) 238-244
    • (1986) Journal of Educational Research , vol.79 , pp. 238-244
    • Schunk, D.H.1    Gunn, T.P.2
  • 185
    • 0036387196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leader, leadership and leading: from individual characteristics to relating in context
    • Schruijer S., and Vansina L. Leader, leadership and leading: from individual characteristics to relating in context. Journal of Organizational Behavior 23 (2002) 869-874
    • (2002) Journal of Organizational Behavior , vol.23 , pp. 869-874
    • Schruijer, S.1    Vansina, L.2
  • 186
    • 33744505472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing the validity of multiple social effectiveness constructs in the prediction of managerial job performance
    • Semandar A., Robins G., and Ferris G. Comparing the validity of multiple social effectiveness constructs in the prediction of managerial job performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior 27 (2006) 443-461
    • (2006) Journal of Organizational Behavior , vol.27 , pp. 443-461
    • Semandar, A.1    Robins, G.2    Ferris, G.3
  • 187
    • 20444400225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "What's your story?" A life-stories approach to authentic leadership development
    • Shamir B., and Eilam G. "What's your story?" A life-stories approach to authentic leadership development. The Leadership Quarterly 16 (2005) 395-417
    • (2005) The Leadership Quarterly , vol.16 , pp. 395-417
    • Shamir, B.1    Eilam, G.2
  • 188
    • 0000910781 scopus 로고
    • The motivational effects of charismatic leadership: A self-concept based theory
    • Shamir B., House R.J., and Arthur M. The motivational effects of charismatic leadership: A self-concept based theory. Organizational Science 4 (1993) 1-17
    • (1993) Organizational Science , vol.4 , pp. 1-17
    • Shamir, B.1    House, R.J.2    Arthur, M.3
  • 189
    • 0032220423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlates of charismatic leader behavior in military units: Subordinates' attitudes, unit characteristics, and superiors' appraisals of leader performance
    • Shamir B., Zakay E., Breinin E., and Popper M. Correlates of charismatic leader behavior in military units: Subordinates' attitudes, unit characteristics, and superiors' appraisals of leader performance. Academy of Management Journal 41 (1996) 387-409
    • (1996) Academy of Management Journal , vol.41 , pp. 387-409
    • Shamir, B.1    Zakay, E.2    Breinin, E.3    Popper, M.4
  • 191
    • 0033196710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Charismatic leadership and task feedback: A laboratory study of their effects on self-efficacy and task performance
    • Shea C., and Howell J. Charismatic leadership and task feedback: A laboratory study of their effects on self-efficacy and task performance. The Leadership Quarterly 10 (1999) 375-396
    • (1999) The Leadership Quarterly , vol.10 , pp. 375-396
    • Shea, C.1    Howell, J.2
  • 192
    • 0141815465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality as a dynamical system: Emergence of stability and distinctiveness from intra- and interpersonal interactions
    • Shoda Y., LeeTiernan S., and Mischel W. Personality as a dynamical system: Emergence of stability and distinctiveness from intra- and interpersonal interactions. Personality and Social Psychology Review 6 (2002) 316-325
    • (2002) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.6 , pp. 316-325
    • Shoda, Y.1    LeeTiernan, S.2    Mischel, W.3
  • 193
    • 55549098250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silver, W.S., Mitchell, T.R., & Gist, M.E. (1991). Interpreting performance information: The influence of self-efficacy on causal attributions for successful and unsuccessful performance. Unpublished manuscript, University of Washington, Seattle.
    • Silver, W.S., Mitchell, T.R., & Gist, M.E. (1991). Interpreting performance information: The influence of self-efficacy on causal attributions for successful and unsuccessful performance. Unpublished manuscript, University of Washington, Seattle.
  • 194
    • 84928848174 scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in leadership aspirations: An exploratory study from valence, self-efficacy and attribution perspectives
    • Singer M. Individual differences in leadership aspirations: An exploratory study from valence, self-efficacy and attribution perspectives. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 3 (1989) 253-262
    • (1989) Journal of Social Behavior and Personality , vol.3 , pp. 253-262
    • Singer, M.1
  • 195
    • 84980187487 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between employee sex, length of service, and leadership aspirations: A study from valence, self-efficacy, and attribution perspectives
    • Singer M. The relationship between employee sex, length of service, and leadership aspirations: A study from valence, self-efficacy, and attribution perspectives. Applied Psychology: An International Review 40 (1991) 417-436
    • (1991) Applied Psychology: An International Review , vol.40 , pp. 417-436
    • Singer, M.1
  • 196
    • 0036110989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal model of the effects of team leadership and group potency on group performance
    • Sivasubramaniam N., Murry W., Avolio B., and Jung D. A longitudinal model of the effects of team leadership and group potency on group performance. Group and Organization Management 27 (2002) 66-96
    • (2002) Group and Organization Management , vol.27 , pp. 66-96
    • Sivasubramaniam, N.1    Murry, W.2    Avolio, B.3    Jung, D.4
  • 197
    • 0000495241 scopus 로고
    • Skills of divided attention
    • Spelke E., Hirst W., and Neisser U. Skills of divided attention. Cognition 4 (1976) 215-230
    • (1976) Cognition , vol.4 , pp. 215-230
    • Spelke, E.1    Hirst, W.2    Neisser, U.3
  • 198
    • 0032375196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-efficacy and work-related performance: A meta analysis
    • Stajkovic A.D., and Luthans F. Self-efficacy and work-related performance: A meta analysis. Psychological Bulletin 124 (1998) 240-261
    • (1998) Psychological Bulletin , vol.124 , pp. 240-261
    • Stajkovic, A.D.1    Luthans, F.2
  • 199
    • 0037846306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leader and staff role-efficacy as antecedents of collective-efficacy and team performance
    • Taggar S., and Seijts G.H. Leader and staff role-efficacy as antecedents of collective-efficacy and team performance. Human Performance 16 (2003) 131-156
    • (2003) Human Performance , vol.16 , pp. 131-156
    • Taggar, S.1    Seijts, G.H.2
  • 200
    • 33846309641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of collective efficacy in teams: A multilevel and longitudinal perspective
    • Tasa K., Taggar S., and Seijts G.H. The development of collective efficacy in teams: A multilevel and longitudinal perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology 92 (2007) 17-27
    • (2007) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.92 , pp. 17-27
    • Tasa, K.1    Taggar, S.2    Seijts, G.H.3
  • 201
    • 0033038981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotional processing, three modes of the mind, and the prevention of relapse in depression
    • Teasdale J. Emotional processing, three modes of the mind, and the prevention of relapse in depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy 37 (1999) S53-S77
    • (1999) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.37
    • Teasdale, J.1
  • 202
    • 0033069315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Private self-consciousness and the five-factor model of personality: Distinguishing rumination from reflection
    • Trapnell P.D., and Campbell J.D. Private self-consciousness and the five-factor model of personality: Distinguishing rumination from reflection. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology 76 (1999) 284-304
    • (1999) Journal of Personality & Social Psychology , vol.76 , pp. 284-304
    • Trapnell, P.D.1    Campbell, J.D.2
  • 205
    • 11144258583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The predictability of coaching efficacy on team efficacy and player efficacy in volleyball
    • Vargas-Tonsing T., Warners A., and Feltz D. The predictability of coaching efficacy on team efficacy and player efficacy in volleyball. Journal of Sport Behavior 26 (2003) 396-407
    • (2003) Journal of Sport Behavior , vol.26 , pp. 396-407
    • Vargas-Tonsing, T.1    Warners, A.2    Feltz, D.3
  • 206
    • 0033114649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CEO charismatic leadership: Levels of management and levels of analysis
    • Waldman D.A., and Yammarino F.J. CEO charismatic leadership: Levels of management and levels of analysis. Academy of Management Review 24 (1999) 266-285
    • (1999) Academy of Management Review , vol.24 , pp. 266-285
    • Waldman, D.A.1    Yammarino, F.J.2
  • 207
    • 55549143745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Walumbwa, F., Avolio, B., & Zhu, W. (in press). How transformational leadership weaves its influence on individual job performance: The role of identification and efficacy beliefs. Personnel Psychology.
    • Walumbwa, F., Avolio, B., & Zhu, W. (in press). How transformational leadership weaves its influence on individual job performance: The role of identification and efficacy beliefs. Personnel Psychology.
  • 208
    • 10244250419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of collective efficacy in the relations between transformational leadership and work outcomes
    • Walumbwa F., Wang P., Lawler J., and Shi K. The role of collective efficacy in the relations between transformational leadership and work outcomes. Journal of Organizational and Occupational Psychology 77 (2004) 515-553
    • (2004) Journal of Organizational and Occupational Psychology , vol.77 , pp. 515-553
    • Walumbwa, F.1    Wang, P.2    Lawler, J.3    Shi, K.4
  • 211
    • 36048982122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using PRISM to compare the explanatory value of general and role-contextualized trait ratings
    • Wood D. Using PRISM to compare the explanatory value of general and role-contextualized trait ratings. Journal of Personality 75 (2007) 1103-1126
    • (2007) Journal of Personality , vol.75 , pp. 1103-1126
    • Wood, D.1
  • 212
    • 0024637160 scopus 로고
    • Impact of conceptions of ability on self-regulatory mechanisms and complex decision making
    • Wood R.E., and Bandura A. Impact of conceptions of ability on self-regulatory mechanisms and complex decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56 (1989) 407-415
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 407-415
    • Wood, R.E.1    Bandura, A.2
  • 213
    • 0000744744 scopus 로고
    • Social cognitive theory of organizational management
    • Wood R.E., and Bandura A. Social cognitive theory of organizational management. Academy of Management Review 14 (1989) 361-384
    • (1989) Academy of Management Review , vol.14 , pp. 361-384
    • Wood, R.E.1    Bandura, A.2
  • 214
    • 0001332559 scopus 로고
    • A cognitive interpretation of transactional and transformational leadership theories
    • Wooford J.C., and Goodwin V.L. A cognitive interpretation of transactional and transformational leadership theories. Leadership Quarterly 5 (1994) 161-186
    • (1994) Leadership Quarterly , vol.5 , pp. 161-186
    • Wooford, J.C.1    Goodwin, V.L.2
  • 215
    • 0002239031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A field study of a cognitive approach to understanding transformational and transactional leadership
    • Wooford J.C., Goodwin V.L., and Whittington J.L. A field study of a cognitive approach to understanding transformational and transactional leadership. Leadership Quarterly 9 (1998) 55-84
    • (1998) Leadership Quarterly , vol.9 , pp. 55-84
    • Wooford, J.C.1    Goodwin, V.L.2    Whittington, J.L.3
  • 219
    • 0000115308 scopus 로고
    • Theory and research on leadership in organizations
    • Dunnette M.D., and Hough L.M. (Eds), CPP, Palo Alto, CA
    • Yukl G., and Van Fleet D.D. Theory and research on leadership in organizations. In: Dunnette M.D., and Hough L.M. (Eds). Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. 2nd ed. Vol. 3 (1992), CPP, Palo Alto, CA 147-197
    • (1992) Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. 2nd ed. , vol.3 , pp. 147-197
    • Yukl, G.1    Van Fleet, D.D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.