Correlates of charismatic leader behavior in military units: Subordinates' attitudes, unit characteristics, and superiors' appraisals of leader performance

Academy of Management Journal

Volumn 41, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 387-409

  Shamir, Boas ^a   Zakay, Eliav ^a   Breinin, Esther ^a   Popper, Micha ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032220423     PISSN: 00014273     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/257080     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Agle, B. R., & Sonnenfeld, J. A. 1994. Charismatic chief executive officers: Are they more effective? An empirical test of charismatic leadership theory. Paper presented at the 54th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Dallas.
2. Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. 1989. Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of Management Review, 14: 20-39.
3. Barclay, D., Higgins, C., & Thompson, R. 1995. The partial least squares (PLS) approach to causal modeling: Personal computer adoption and use as an illustration. Technology Studies, 2: 285-309.
4. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. 1986. The moderator-mediator distinction in social-psychological research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50: 1173-1182.
5. Bartone, P., & Kirkland, F. R. 1991. Optimal leadership in small army units. In R. Gal & A. D. Mangelsdorff (Eds.), Handbook of military psychology: 393-409. New York: Wiley.
6. Bass, B. M. 1985. Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press.
7. Bass, B. M. 1990. Bass & Stogdill's handbook of leadership (3rd ed.). New York: Free Press.
8. Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. 1990. Manual: The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
9. Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. 1993. Transformational leadership: A response to critiques. In M. M. Chemers & R. Ayman (Eds.), Leadership theory and research: Perspectives and directions: 49-88. San Diego: Academic Press.
10. Carmines, E., & Zeller, R. 1979. Reliability and validity assessment. Sage university papers series on quantitative applications in the social sciences, no. 07-017. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
11. Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. 1987. Towards a behavioral theory of charismatic leadership in organizational settings. Academy of Management Review, 12: 637-647.
12. Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. 1993. A behavioral attribute measure of charismatic leadership in organizations. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, San Francisco.
13. Falk, R. F., & Miller, N. B. 1992. A primer for soft modeling. Akron, OH: University of Akron Press.
14. Fornell, C. 1982. A second generation of multivariate analysis: An overview. In C. Fornell (Ed.), A second generation of multivariate analysis: 1-21. New York: Praeger.
15. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. 1981. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18: 39-50.
16. Fuller, J. B., Patterson, C. E. P., Hester, K., & Stringer, D. Y. 1996. A quantitative review of research on charismatic leadership. Psychological Reports, 78: 271-287.
17. Gal, R. 1986. A portrait of the Israeli soldier. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
18. George, J. M., & James, L. R. 1993. Personality, affect and behavior in groups revisited: Comment on aggregation, levels of analysis, and a recent application of within and between analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78: 798-804.
19. Guzzo, R. A., Yost, P. R., Campbell, R. J., & Shea, G. P. 1993. Potency in groups: Articulating a construct. British Journal of Social Psychology, 32: 87-106.
20. Hater, J. J., & Bass, B. M. 1988. Supervisor's evaluations and subordinates' perceptions of transformational leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73: 695-702.
21. House, R. J. 1977. A 1976 theory of charismatic leadership. In J. G. Hunt & L. L. Larson (Eds.), Leadership: The cutting edge: 189-269. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
22. House, R. J. 1995. Leadership in the twenty-first century: A speculative inquiry. In A. Howard (Ed.), The changing nature of work: 411-450. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
23. House, R. J., & Shamir, B. 1993. Toward the integration of charismatic, visionary and transformational leadership theories. In M. M. Chemers & R. Ayman (Eds.), Leadership theory and research: Perspectives and directions: 81-107. San Diego: Academic Press.
24. House, R. J., Spangler, W. D., & Woycke, J. 1991. Personality and charisma in the U.S. presidency: A psychological theory of leadership effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36: 374-396.
25. Howell, J. M., & Avolio, B. J. 1993. Transformational leadership, transactional leadership, locus of control, and support for innovation: Key predictors of consolidated business unit performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78: 891-902.
26. Howell, J. M., & Frost, P. J. 1989. A laboratory study of charismatic leadership. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 43: 243-269.
27. Howell, J. M., & Higgins, C. 1990. Champions of technological innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35: 317-341.
28. Ilgen, D. R., Major, D. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., & Sego, D. J. 1993. Team research in the 1990s. In M. M. Chemers & R. Ayman (Eds.), Leadership theory and research: Perspective and directions: 245-270. San Diego: Academic Press.
29. James, L. R., Demaree, R. J., & Wolf, G. 1984. Estimating within-group interrater reliability with and without response bias. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69: 85-98.
30. Kirkpatrick, S. A., & Locke, E. A. 1996. Direct and indirect effects of three core charismatic leadership components on performance and attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81: 36-51.
31. Klein, K. J., Dansereau, F., & Hall, R. J. 1994. Levels issues in theory development, data collection, and analysis. Academy of Management Review, 19: 195-229.
32. Klein, K. J., & House, R. J. 1995. On fire: Charismatic leadership and levels of analysis. Leadership Quarterly, 6: 183-198.
33. Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Hattrup, K. 1992. A disagreement about within-group agreement: Disentangling issues of consistency versus consensus. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77: 161-167.
34. Kunda, G. 1992. Engineering culture: Control and commitment in a high-tech corporation. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
35. Lindholm, C. 1990. Charisma. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
36. Lohmöller, J. 1989. Latent variable path modeling with partial least squares. Heidelberg, Germany: Physica-Verlag.
37. Lowe, K. B., Kroeck, K. G., & Sivasubramanian, N. 1996. Effectiveness correlates of transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic review. Leadership Quarterly, 7: 385-425.
38. Mael, F., & Ashforth, B. E. 1992. Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13: 103-123.
39. Manning, F. J., & Ingraham, L. H. 1987. An investigation into the value of cohesion in peacetime. In G. Belenky (Ed.), Contemporary studies in combat psychiatry: 453-470. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
40. Marshall, S. L. A. 1967. Battles in the monsoon. New York: William Morrow.
41. Meindl, J. R. 1990. On leadership: An alternative to the conventional wisdom. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior, vol. 12: 159-203. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
42. Meznar, M. B., & Nigh, D. 1995. Buffer or bridge? Environmental and organizational determinants of public affairs activities in American firms. Academy of Management Journal, 38: 975-996.
43. O'Reilly, C. A., & Chatman, J. 1986. Organizational commitment and psychological attachment: The effects on compliance, identification and internalization on prosocial behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71: 492-499.
44. Rousseau, D. 1985. Issues of level in organizational research: Multilevel and cross-level perspectives. In L. L. Cummings & B. M. Staw (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior, vol. 7: 1-37. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
45. Sashkin, M. 1988. The visionary leader. In J. A. Conger & R. A. Kanungo (Eds.), Charismatic leadership: The elusive factor in organizational effectiveness. 122-160. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
46. Schein, E. 1985. Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
47. Schriesheim, C. A., Cogliser, C. C., & Neider, L. L. 1995. Is it "trustworthy"? A multiple-levels-of-analysis reexamination of an Ohio State leadership study, with implications for future research. Leadership Quarterly, 6: 111-146.
48. Shamir, B. 1990. Calculations, values and identities: The sources of collectivistic work motivation. Human Relations, 43: 313-332.
49. Shamir, B., Arthur, M. B., & House, R. J. 1994. The rhetoric of charismatic leadership: A theoretical extension, a case study and implications for research. Leadership Quarterly, 5: 25-42.
50. Shamir, B., House, R. J., & Arthur, M. B. 1993. The motivational effects of charismatic leadership: A self-concept-based theory. Organization Science, 4: 577-594.
51. Shils, E. A., & Janowitz, M. 1948. Cohesion and disintegration in the Wehrmacht in World War II. Public Opinion Quarterly, 12: 280-315.
52. Solomon, Z., Mikulinicer, M., & Hobfill, S. E. 1986. Effects of social support and battle intensity on loneliness and breakdown during combat. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51: 1269-1276.
53. Sosik, J. J., Avolio, B. J., & Kahai, S. S. 1997. Effects of leadership style and anonymity on group potency and effectiveness in a group decision support system environment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82: 89-103.
54. Stouffer, S. A., Lumsdaine, A. A., Lumsdaine, M. H., Williams, R. M., Smith, M. B., Janis, I. L., Star, S. A., & Cottrell, L. S. 1949. The American soldier: Combat and its aftermath. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
55. Tsui, A. S. 1994. Reputational effectiveness: Toward a mutual responsiveness framework. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior, vol. 16: 257-307. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
56. Uleman, J. S. 1991. Leadership ratings: Toward focusing more on specific behaviors. Leadership Quarterly, 2: 175-187.
57. Waldman, D. A., Bass, B. M., & Einstein, W. O. 1987. Leadership and outcomes of performance appraisal processes. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 60: 177-186.
58. Waldman, D. A., & Ramirez, G. 1992. CEO leadership and organizational performance. Working paper no. 92-10, Concordia University, Montreal.
59. Wold, H. 1985. Systems analysis by partial least squares. In P. Nijkamp, H. Leitner, & N. Wrigley (Eds.), Measuring the unmeasurable: 221-252. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff.
60. Yammarino, F. J. 1995. Group leadership: A levels-of-analysis perspective. CLS Report 95-2, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY.
61. Yammarino, F. J., & Bass, B. M. 1990. Transformational leadership and multiple levels of analysis. Human Relations, 43: 975-995.
62. Yukl, G. A. 1994. Leadership in organizations (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.