The current status of the NNRTI family of antiretrovirals used in the HAART regime against HIV infection

Current Medicinal Chemistry

Volumn 15, Issue 11, 2008, Pages 1083-1095

  Martins, Sílvia ^a   Ramos, Maria João ^a   Fernandes, Pedro Alexandrino ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PORTO   (Portugal)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

1 (3 CYCLOPENTENYLMETHYL) 6 (3,5 DIMETHYLBENZOYL) 5 ETHYLURACIL; 1 [(2 HYDROXYETHOXY)METHYL] 6 (PHENYLTHIO)THYMINE; 6 CHLORO 2 [(1 FURO[2,3 C]PYRIDIN 5 YLETHYL)THIO] 4 PYRIMIDINAMINE; 6 CHLORO 4 (2 CYCLOPROPYLVINYL) 3,4 DIHYDRO 4 TRIFLUOROMETHYL 2(1H) QUINAZOLINONE; 6 CHLORO 4 CYCLOPROPYLETHYNYL 3,4 DIHYDRO 4 TRIFLUOROMETHYL 2(1H) QUINAZOLINONE; AMINO ACID; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; CALANOLIDE A; CAPRAVIRINE; CP 94707; DELAVIRDINE; EFAVIRENZ; ETRAVIRINE; FOSCARNET; IMIDAZOPYRIDAZINE; KM 1; N [4 CHLORO 3 (3 METHYL 2 BUTENYLOXY)PHENYL] 2 METHYL 3 FURANCARBOTHIOAMIDE; NEVIRAPINE; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; PYRIDONE DERIVATIVE; QUINAZOLINONE DERIVATIVE; QUINOXALINE DERIVATIVE; RILPIVIRINE; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR; TALVIRALINE; THIOCARBOXANILIDE DERIVATIVE; U 31355; UNINDEXED DRUG; ZIDOVUDINE;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTION; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONFORMATIONAL TRANSITION; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG BINDING SITE; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; DRUG PROTEIN BINDING; DRUG TARGETING; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1 INFECTION; MONOTHERAPY; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; NONHUMAN; QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATION; REVIEW; STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; VIRUS INHIBITION; VIRUS MUTANT; VIRUS REPLICATION;

ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; BINDING SITES; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE; HUMANS; MODELS, MOLECULAR; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS;

EID: 48949117560     PISSN: 09298673     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/092986708784221467     Document Type: Review

References (126)

1. Nielsen, M.H.; Pedersen, F.S.; Kjems, J. Retrovirology, 2005, 2, 10.
2. Freed, E.O. Trends Microbiol., 2004, 12, 170.
3. Nisole, S.; Saib, A. Retrovirology, 2004, 1, 9.
4. Weiss, R.A. Trop. Med. Int. Health, 2000, 5, A10.
5. Ferguson, M.; Rojo, D.; Lindern, J.; O'Brien, W. Clin. Lab. Med., 2002, 22, 611.
6. Sorin, M.; Kalpana, G.V. Curr. HIV Res., 2006, 4, 117.
7. Tamames, B.; Fernandes, P.A.; Ramos, M.J. Curr Bioact. Comp., 2006, 2, 243.
8. Kwong, P.D.; Wyatt, R.; Robinson, J.; Sweet, R.W.; Sodroski, J.; Hendrickson, W.A. Nature, 1998, 393, 648.
9. Moore, J.P.; Kitchen, S.G.; Pugach, P.; Zach, J.A. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 2004, 20,111.
10. Terwilliger, E.; Sodroski, J.; Haseltine, W. Ann. Emerg. Med., 19, 19, 233.
11. Anderson, J.L.; Hope, T.J. Gene Ther., 2005, 12, 1667.
12. Lu, H.; Macosko, J.; Habel-Rodriguez, D.; Keller, R.; Brozik J.; Keller, D., Biol. Chem., 2004, 279, 54529.
13. Dvorin, J.D.; Malim, M.H. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 2003, 281, 179.
14. Warrilow, D.; Harrich, D. Curr. HIV Res., 2007, 5, 293.
15. Bukrinsky, M. Mol. Med., 2004, 10, 1.
16. Lapadat-Tapolsky, M.; De Rocquigny, H.; Van Gent, D.; Roques, B.; Plasterk, R.; Darlix, J.-L. Nucleic Acids Res., 1993, 21, 831.
17. Stevenson, M. Trends Cell Biol., 1996, 6, 9.
18. Garrus, J.; Von Schwedler, U.; Pornillos, O.; Morham, S.; Zavitz, K.; Wang, H.; Wettstein, D.; Stray, K.; Côté, M.; Rich, R.; Myszka, D.; Sundquist, W. Cell, 2001, 107, 55.
19. Von Schwedler, U.; Stuchell, M.; Muller, B.; Ward, D.; Chung, H.-Y.; Morita, E.; Wang, H.; Davis, T.; He, G.-P.; Cimbora, D.; Scott, A.; Krausslich, H.-G.; Kaplan, J.; Morham, S.; Sundquist, W. Cell, 2003, 114, 701.
20. Trkola, A. Curr. Opin. Microbiol., 2004, 7, 407.
21. Chen, R.; Yokoyama, M.; Sato, H.; Reilly, C.M.; Mansky, L. Virology, 2005, 79, 12045.
22. Beerenwinkel, N.; Sing, T.; Longauer, T.; Rahnenfuhrer, J.; Roomp, K.; Savenkov, I.; Fischer, R.; Hoffmann D.; Selbig, J.; Korn, K.; Walter, H.; Berg, T.; Braun, P.; Fatkenheuer, G.; Oette, M.; Rockstroh, J.; Kupfer, B.; Kaiser, R.; Daumer, M. Bioinformatics, 2005, 21, 3943.
23. Tozser, J. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 2001, 946, 145.
24. Lengauer, T.; Sing, T. Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 2006, 4, 790.
25. Cohen, CJ. Man. Care Pharm., 2006, 12, 6.
26. Van Vaerenbergh, K. Verh. K. Acad. Geneeskd Belg., 2001, 63, 447.
27. Clotet, B. Antimicrob. Chemother., 2007, 61, 13.
28. Havlir, D.V.; Richman, D. Ann. Intern. Med., 1996, 124, 984.
29. Shafer, R.; Dupnik K.; Winters, M.; Eshleman, S. In Human retroviruses and AIDS, theoretical biology and biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratories: Los Alamos, 2001, pp. 1-51.
30. Restle, T.; Muller, B.; Goody, R.S. FEBS Lett., 1992, 300, 97.
31. Kati, W.M.; Johnson, K.A.; Jerva, L.F.; Anderson, K.S. Biol. Chem., 1992, 267, 25988.
32. Kohlstaedt, L.; Wang, J.; Friedman, J.; Rice, P.; Steitz, T. Science, 1992, 256, 1783.
33. Sluis-Cremer, N.; Temiz, N., Bahar, I. Curr HIV Res., 2004, 2, 323.
34. Sarafianos, S.G.; Das, K.; Ding, J.; Boyer, P.; Hughes, S.; Arnold, E. Chem. Biol., 1999, 6, 137.
35. Basavapathruni, A.; Anderson, K. Curr. Pharm. Des., 2006, 12, 1857.
36. Patel, P.H.; Jacobo-Molina, A.; Ding, J.; Tantillo, C.; Clarck, A.D.; Raag, R.; Nanni, R.; Hughes, S.; Arnold, E. Biochemistry, 1995, 34, 5351.
37. Jacobo-Molina, A.; Arnold, E. Biochemistry, 1991, 30, 6351.
38. Carvalho, A.; Fernandes, P.A.; Ramos, M.J. Mini Rev. Med. Chem., 2006, 6, 549.
39. Balzarini, J.; Clercq, E. Methods Enzymol., 1996, 275, 472.
40. Sarafianos, S.G.; Das, K.; Ding, J.; Hsiou, Y.; Hughes, S.H.; Arnold, E. Anti-Infect. Rec. Adv. Chem. Struct. Activity Relationships, 1997, 198, 328.
41. Balzarini, J. Curr. Top. Med. Chem., 2004, 4, 921.
42. Clercq, E. Antiviral Res., 1998, 38, 153.
43. Campiani, G.; Ramunno, A.; Maga, G.; Nacci, V.; Fattorusso, C.; Catalanotti, B.; Morelli, E.; Novellino, E. Curr. Pharm. Des., 2002, 8, 615.
44. Huuskonen, J. J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., 2001, 41, 425.
45. Ding, J.; Das, K.; Moereels, H.; Koymans, L.; Andries, K.; Janssen, P.; Hughes, S.; Arnold, E. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol., 1995, 2, 407.
46. Bazoui, H.; Zahouily, M.; Boulajaaj. S.; Sebti, S.; Zakarya, D. SAR QSAR Environ. Res., 2002, 13, 567.
47. Miyasaka, C.; Walker, R.T.; Tanaka, H.; Stammers, D.; Stuart, D. J. Med. Chem., 1996, 39, 1589.
48. Kelly, T.; McNeil, D.; Rose, J.; David, E.; Shih, C.-K.; Grob, P. Med. Chem., 1997, 40, 2430.
49. Carroll, S.S.; Stahlhut, M.; Geib, J.; Olsen, D.B. Biol. Chem., 1994, 269, 32351.
50. Castro, S.; Garcia-Aparicio, C.; Van Laethem, K.; Gago, F.; Lobatón, E.; De Clercq, E.; Balzarini, J.; Camarasa, M. Antiviral Res., 2006, 71, 15.
51. Camarasa, MJ.; Velázquez, S.; San-Félix, A.; Pérez-Pérez, MJ.; Bonache, M.C.; Castro, S. Curr. Pharm. Des., 2006, 12, 1895.
52. Ren, J.; Diprose, J.; Warren, J.; Esnouf, R.; Bird, L.; Ikemizu, S.; Slater, M.; Milton, J.; Balzarini J.; Stuart, D.; Stammers, D. Biol. Chem., 2000, 275, 5633.
53. Balzarini, J.; Brouwer, W.G.; Dao, D.C.; Osika, E.M.; Clercq, E. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1996, 40, 1454.
54. Borkow, G.; Barnad, J.; Nguyen, T.M.; Belmonte, A.; Wainberg, M.A.; Parniak, M.A. Virology, 1997, 71, 3023.
55. Kleim, J.P.; Bender, R.; Billhardt, U.M.; Meichsner, C.; Riess, G.; Rosner, M.; Winkler, I.; Paessens, A. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1993, 37, 1659.
56. Buckheit, R.W.; Hollingshead, M.G., Germany-Decker, J.; White, E. L.; McMahon, J.B.; Allen, L.B.; Ross, L.J.; Don Decker, W.; Westbrook, L.; Shannon, W.M.; Weislow, O.; Bader, J.P.; Boyd, M.R. Antiviral Res., 1993, 21, 247.
57. De Clercq, E. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1994, 724, 438.
58. De Clercq, E. II FARMACO, 1999, 54, 26.
59. Martinez, A.; Gil, C.; Castro, A.; Perez, C.; Witvrouw, M.; Pennecouque, C.; Balzarini, J.; De Clercq, E. Antivir. Chem. Chemother., 2002, 12, 347.
60. Corbett, J.; Ko, S.; Rodgers, J.; Gearhart, L.; Magnus, N.; Bacheler, L.; Diamond, S.; Jeffrey, S.; Klabe, R.; Cordova, B.; Garber, S.; Logue, K.; Trainor, G.; Anderson, P.; Erickson-Viitanen, S. Med. Chem., 2000. 43, 2019.
61. Chenera, B.; West, M.; Finkelstein, J.; Dreyer, G. Org. Chem., 1993, 1993, 5605.
62. Costi, R.; Di Santo, R.; Artico, M.; Massa, S.; Lavecchia, A.; Marceddu. T.; Sanna, L.; La Colla, P.; Marongiu, M.E. Antivir. Chem. Chemother., 2000, 11, 117.
63. De Clercq, E. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2002, 1587, 258.
64. Smerdon, S.; Jager, J.; Wang, J.; Kohlstaedt, L.; Chirino, A.; Friedman; J.; Rice, P.; Steitz, T. Biochemistry, 1994, 91, 3911.
65. Auwerx, J.; Nieuwenhove, J.; Rodriguez-Barrios, F.; Castro, S.; Velásquez, S.; Ceccherini-Silberstein, F.; De Clercq, E.; Camarasa, M.; Perno, C.; Gago, F.; Balzarini, J. FEBS Lett., 2005, 579, 2294.
66. Tantillo, C.; Ding, J.; Jacobo-Molina, A.; Nanni, R.G.; Boyer, P.L.; Hughes, S.H.; Poilus, R.; Andries, K.; Janssen, P.A.J.; Arnold, E. Male. Biol., 1994, 243, 369.
67. Tachedjian, G.; Goff, S.P. Chore. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 2003, 4, 966.
68. Zhou, Z.; Madrid, M.; Evanseck., J.; Madura, J. Am. Chem. Sack., 2005, 127, 17253.
69. Tachedjian, G.; Orlova, M.; Sarafianos, S.G.; Arnold, E.; Goff, S.P. Proc. Natl. Ok'd. Sci., 2001, 98, 7188.
70. Sluis-Cremer, N.; Arion, D.; Parniak, M.A. Male. Pharmacol., 2002, 62, 398.
71. Teague, S. Knight. Rev. Drug Discov., 2003, 2, 527.
72. Rex, J.; Nichols, C.; Chamberlain, P.; Weaver, K.; Short, S.; Stammers, D. Male. Biol., 2004, 336, 569.
73. Rodriguez-Barrios. F.; Balzarini, J.; Gago, F. J. Am. Chem. Sack., 2005, 127, 7570.
74. Rittinger, K.; Divita, G.; Goody, R.S. Proc. Natl. Ok'd. Sci., 1995, 92, 8046.
75. Hsiou, Y.; Ding, J.; Dace, K.; Clarck, A.D.; Hughes, S.; Arnold, E. Structure, 1996, 4, 853.
76. Mao, C.; Sudbeck, E.; Venkatachalam, T.; Uckum, F. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2000, 60, 1251.
77. Bahar, I.; Erman, B.; Jernigan, R.L.; Atilgan, A.R.; Covell, D.G. Male. Biol., 1999, 285, 1023.
78. Balzarini, J. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1999, 58, 1.
79. Antinori, A.; Zaccarelli, M.; Cingolani, A.; Forbici, F.; Rizzo, M.G.; Trotta, M.P.; Di Giambenedetto, S.; Narciso, P.; Ammassari, A.; Girardi, E.; De Luca, A.; Perno, C. AIDS Res. Hum, Retroviruses, 2002, 18, 835.
80. Preston, B.D.; Dougherty, J.P. Trends Microbiol., 1995, 4, 16.
81. Whitcomb, J.M.; Huang, W.; Limoli, K.; Paxinos, E.; Wrin, T.; Skowron, G.; Deeks, S.G.; Bates, M.; Hellmann; N.S.; Petropoulos, C.J. AIDS, 2002, 16, F41.
82. Rex, J.; Nichols, C.; Bird, L.; Chamberlain, P.; Weaver, K.; Short, S.; Stuart., D.; Stammers, D. Male. Biol., 2001, 312, 795.
83. Duchowicz, P.R.; Fernandéz, M.; Caballero, J.; Castro, E.A.; Fernandéz, F.M. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2006, 14, 5876.
84. Pata, L; Stirtan, W.; Goldstein, S.; Steiz, T. Proc. Natl. Ok'd. Sci., 2004, 101, 10548.
85. Sardana, V.V.; Emini. E.A.; Gotlib, L.; Graham; DJ.; Lineberg, D.; Long, W.J.; Wolfang, J.A. Biol. Chem., 1992, 267, 17526.
86. Joly, V.; Yeni, P. AIDS Rev., 1999, 1, 37.
87. Johnson, V.; Brun-Vézinet, F.; Clotet, B.; Kuritzkes, D.; Pillay, D.; Schapiro, J.; Richman, D. Resist. Mutat., 2006, 14, 125.
88. Schinazi, R.F.; Larder, B.A.; Mellors, J.W. Int. Antiv. News, 2000, 8, 65.
89. Jackson, J.; Becker-Pergola., G.; Guay, L.; Musoke, P.; Mracna M.; Fowler, M.; Mofenson, L.; Mirochnick, M.; Mmiro, F.; Eshleman, S. AIDS, 2000, 14, F111.
90. Shao, X.-W.; Malmsten, A.; Lennerstrand, J.; Sonnerborg, A.; Unge, T.; Gronowitz, J.; Kallander, C. AIDS, 2003, 17, 1463.
91. Parienti, J.-J.; Massari, V.; Descamps, D.; Vabret, A.; Bouvet, E.; Larouze, B.; Verdon, R. Clin. Infect Dis., 2004, 38, 1311.
92. Eshleman, S.; Hoover, D.; Chen, S.; Hudelson, S.; Guay, L.; Mwatha, A.; Fiscus, S.; Mmiro, F.; Musoke, P.; Jackson, J.; Kurnwenda, N.; Taha, T. Infect Dis., 2005, 192, 30.
93. Kurle, S.; Gangakhedkar, R.; Sen, S.; Hayatnagarkar, S.; Tripathy, S.; Paranjape, R. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 2007, 25, 682.
94. Wainberg, M.A. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr., 2003, 34, S85.
95. Omrani, A.; Pillay, D. Infection, 2000, 41, 5.
96. Wainberg, M.A. AIDS, 2004, 18, 949.
97. Bacheler, L; Anton, E.; Kudish, P.; Baker, D.; Bunville, J.; Krakowski, K.; Bolling, L.; Aujay, M.; Wang, X.; Ellis, D.; Becker, M.; Lasut, A.; George, H.; Spalding, D.; Hollis, G.; Abremski; K. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2000, 44, 2475.
98. Landavazo, D.; Fogel, G.B. IEEE, 2002, 1, 199.
99. Winkler, D.A. Brief. Bioinf., 2002, 3, 73.
100. Afantitis, A.; Melagraki, G.; Sarimveis, H.; Koutentis, P.; Markopoulus, J.; Markopoulou, O. Male. Divers., 2006, 10, 405.
101. Klebe, G. Mol. Med., 2000, 78, 269.
102. Wang, Z.; Wu, B.; Kuen, K.L.; Bursulaya, B.; Nguyen, T.N.; Nguyen, D.G.; He, Y. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2006, 16, 4174.
103. Mickle, T.; Nair, V. Drugs Future, 2000, 25, 393.
104. Douali, L.; Villemin, D.; Cherqaoui, D. Int J. Male. Sci., 2004, 5, 48.
105. Jalali-Heravi, M.; Parastar, F. J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., 2000, 40, 147.
106. Silvestri, R.; Martino, G.; G. R.; Artico, M.; Massa, S.; Vargiu, L.; Mura, M.; Loi, A.; Marceddu, T.; Colla, P. Med. Chem., 2003, 46, 2482.
107. Ellis, D.; Kuen, K.L.; Anaclerio, B.; Wu, B.; Wolff, K.; Yin, H.; Bursulaya, B.; Caldwell, J.; Karanewsky, D.; He, Y. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2006, 16, 4246.
108. Benjahad, A.; Oumouch, S.; Guillemont, J.; Pasquier, E.; Mabire, D.; Andries, K.; Nguyen, C.H.; Grierson, D.S. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2007, 17, 712.
109. Ranise, A.; Spallarossa, A.; Schenone, S.; Bruno, O.; Bondavalli, F.; Vargiu, L.; Marceddu, T.; Mura, M.; Colla, P.; Pani, A. Med. Chem., 2003, 46, 768.
110. Benjahad, A.; Courté, K.; Guillemont, J.; Mabire, D.; Coupa, S.; Poncelet, A.; Csoka, I.; Andries, K.; Poilus, R.; Béthune, M.-P.; Monneret, C.; Bisagni, E.; Nguyen, C.H.; Grierson, D.S. Med. Chem., 2004, 47, 5501.
111. De Clercq, E. J. Clin. Virol., 2004, 30, 115.
112. Zhang, Z.; Walker, M.; Xu, W.; Shim, J.; Girardet, J.-L.; Hamatake, R.; Hong, Z. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2006, 50, 2772.
113. Ren, J.; Nichols, C.; Bird, L.; Fujiwara, T.; Sugimoto, H.; Stuart, D.; Stammers, D. Biol. Chem., 2000, 275, 14316.
114. Pallansch, L.A.; Turpin, J.A.; Watson, K.M.; Kearney, M.; Walton, E.; Fliakas-Boltz, V.; Chung, S.G.; Cho, E.H.; Buckheit, R.W. HIV Symp. Underst. Antivirus Drug Resist., 2000, 1, 3.
115. http://chemdb.niaid.nih.gov/struct_search/default.asp.
116. Joshi, A.S.; Jiao, Q.T.; Waggett, D.S.; Volpato, M.L.; Jobes, J.L.; Griffith, S.G. 7th Conf. Retrovir Opportunistic Infect, 2000, 7, 94.
117. Ruiz, N.; Nusrat, R.; Lauenroth-Mai, E.; Berger, D.; Walworth, C.; Bacheler, L.; Ploughman, L.; Tsang, P.; Labriola, D.; Echols, R.; Levy, R. 9th Conf. Retrovir Opportunistic Infect., 2002, 9, 55.
118. De Clercq, E. Med. Biol. Res., 2002, 22, 531.
119. Goebel, F.; Yakovlev, A.; Pozniak, A.; Vinogradova, E.; Lewi, P.; Boogaerts, G.; Hoetelmans, R.; De Béthune, M.; Peeters, M.; Woodfall, B. 12th Conf. Retrovir Opportunistic Infect., 2005, 37, 160.
120. Goebel, F.; Yakovlev, A.; Poziak; A.; Vinogradova, E.; Boogaerts, G.; Hoetelmans, R.; De Béthune, M.; Peeters, M.; Woodfall, B. AIDS, 2006, 20, 1721.
121. Wang, L.Z.; Kenyon, G.K.; Johnson, K.A. Biol. Chem., 2004, 279, 38424.
122. Pallanch, L.; Turpin, J.; Watson, K.; Kearney, M.; Walton, E.; Fliakas-Boltz, V.; Chung, S.; Cho, E.; Buckheit, R. HIV Symp. Underst. Antivirus Drug Resist:, 2000, 1, 3.
123. Gerondelis, P.; Archer, R.; Palaniappan, C.; Reichman; R.; Fay, P.; Bambara, R.; Demeter, L. Virology, 1999, 73, 5803.
124. Wishka, D.G.; Graber, D.R.; Kopta, L.A.; Olmsted, R.A.; Friis, LM.; Hosley, J.D.; Adams, WJ.; Seest, E.P.; Castle, T.M.; Dolak, L.A.; Keiser, BJ.; Yagi, Y.; Jeganathan, A.; Schlachter, S.T.; Murphy, MJ.; Cleek, GJ.; Nugent, R.A.; Poppe, S.M.; Swaney, S.M.; Han, F.; Watt, W.; White, W.L.; Poel, TJ.; Thomas, R.C.; Morris, J. Med. Chem., 1998, 41, 1357.
125. Högberg, M.; Morrison, I. Exp. Op. Therap. Patents, 2000, 10, 1189.
126. Xu, Z.Q.; Hertogs, K.; Van Den Eynde, C.; Bloor, S.; Larder, B.; Dutta, B. Conf. Ant. Ag. Chem., 1999, 39, 468.