Selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists: Potential therapies for neuropsychiatric disorders with cognitive dysfunction

Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 47-56

  Cincotta, S L ^a   Yorek, M S ^b   Moschak, T M ^b   Lewis, S R ^b   Rodefer, J S ^b  

^a GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

Author keywords

4 2; 7; Cognitive function; Cognitive impairment; Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

1 (5 CHLORO 2,3 DIMETHOXYPHENYL) 3 (5 METHYLISOXAZOL 3 YL)UREA; 3 (2 AZETIDINYLMETHOXY)PYRIDINE; 3 (2,4 DIMETHOXYBENZYLIDENE)ANABASEINE; 3 ETHYNYL 5 (1 METHYL 2 PYRROLIDINYL)PYRIDINE FUMARATE; 4 [[2 (1 METHYL 2 PYRROLIDINYL)ETHYL]THIO]PHENOL; 5 IODO 3 (2 AZETIDINYLMETHOXY)PYRIDINE; BUNGAROTOXIN RECEPTOR; ISPRONICLINE; MEM 3454; N (1 AZABICYCLO[2.2.2.]OCT 3 YL) 4 CHLOROBENZAMIDE; N (1 AZABICYCLO[2.2.2]OCT 3 YL) 7 [2 (METHOXY)PHENYL] 1 BENZOFURAN 2 CARBOXAMIDE; N (1 AZABICYCLO[2.2.2]OCT 3 YL) [5 (2 PYRIDYL)THIOPHENE 2 CARBOXAMIDE]; N (4 CHLOROPHENYL) ALPHA [[(4 CHLOROPHENYL)AMINO]METHYLENE] 3 METHYL 5 ISOXAZOLEACETAMIDE; NICOTINE; NICOTINIC AGENT; NICOTINIC RECEPTOR; NICOTINIC RECEPTOR ALPHA4BETA2; PHA 543613; PNU 120596; PNU 282987; SPIRO[1 AZABICYCLO[2.2.2]OCTANE 3,2' THIAZOLIDINE] 2' ONE; SSR 180711; TROPISETRON; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ATTENTION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DISEASE MODEL; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG SELECTIVITY; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMAN; LEARNING; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR INTRINSIC ACTIVITY; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SYMPTOM; WORKING MEMORY;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; COGNITION DISORDERS; HUMANS; NICOTINIC AGONISTS; RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY;

EID: 38049090693     PISSN: 14724472     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (118)

1. Levin ED, Rezvani AH: 1. Nicotinic interactions with antipsychotic drugs, models of schizophrenia and impacts on cognitive function. Biochem Pharmacol (2007) 74(8):1182-1191.
2. Green MF, Kern RS, Braff DL, Mintz J: Neurocognitive deficits and functional outcome in schizophrenia: Are we measuring the 'right stuff'. Schizophr Bull (2000) 26(1):119-136.
3. Addington J, Addington D: Neurocognitive and social functioning in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull (1999) 25(1):173-182.
4. Green MF: What are the functional consequences of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia? Am J Psychiatry (1996) 153(3):321-330.
5. Harvey PD, Parrella M, White L, Mohs RC, Davidson M, Davis KL: Convergence of cognitive and adaptive decline in late-life schizophrenia. Schizophr Res (1999) 35(1):77-84.
6. Harvey PD, Geyer MA, Robbins TW, Krystal JH: Cognition in schizophrenia: From basic science to clinical treatment. Psychopharmacology (2003) 169(3-4):213-214.
7. Hyman SE, Fenton WS: 7. What are the right targets for psychopharmacology? Science (2003) 299(5605):350-351. • An assessment of the existing translational bottleneck between studies focused on cognition and schizophrenia and the lack of new clinical trials. This paper also addresses the development of new strategies for targeted treatment in DSM categories.
8. Mazurov A, Hauser T, Miller CH: Selective α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands. Curr Med Chem (2006) 13(13):1567-1584. • This is a comprehensive review of the pharmacology of ?7 ligands.
9. Laurent A, Saoud M, Bougerol T, d'Amato T, Anchisi AM, Biloa-Tang M, Dalery J, Rochet T: Attentional deficits in patients with schizophrenia and in their non-psychotic first-degree relatives. Psychiatry Res (1999) 89(3):147-159.
10. Hagh-Senas H, Toobai S, Makaremi A: Selective, sustained, and shift in attention in patients with diagnoses of schizophrenia. Percept Mot Skills (2002) 95(3):1087-1095.
11. Perlstein WM, Dixit NK, Carter CS, Noll DC, Cohen JD: Prefrontal cortex dysfunction mediates deficits in working memory and prepotent responding in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry (2003) 53(1):25-38.
12. Carter CS, Robertson LC, Nordahl TE, Chaderjian M, Oshora-Celaya L: Perceptual and attentional asymmetries in schizophrenia: Further evidence for a left hemisphere deficit. Psychiatry Res (1996) 62(2):111-119.
13. Park S, Holzman PS: Schizophrenics show spatial working memory deficits. Arch Gen Psychiatry (1992) 49(12):975-982.
14. Lohr JB, Flynn K: Smoking and schizophrenia. Schizophr Res (1992) 8(2):93-102.
15. Levin ED, Rezvani AH: Nicotinic treatment for cognitive dysfunction. Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord (2002) 1(4):423-431.
16. George TP, Vessicchio JC, Termine A, Sahady DM, Head CA, Pepper WT, Kosten TR, Wexler BE: Effects of smoking abstinence on visuospatial working memory function in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology (2002) 26(1):75-85.
17. 2+-binding sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (2002) 99(5):3210-3215. • This paper follows research that modeled three major types of nAChRs using X-ray structure determination and reports that the agonist-binding pocket is more conserved than the overall receptor structure.
18. Mazurov A, Klucik J, Miao L, Phillips TY, Seamans A, Schmitt JD, Hauser TA, Johnson RT Jr, Miller C: 2-(Arylmethyl)-3-substituted quinuclidines as selective ?7 nicotinic receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett (2005) 15(8):2073-2077.
19. Levin ED, McClernon FJ, Rezvani AH: Nicotinic effects on cognitive function: Behavioral characterization, pharmacological specification, and anatomic localization. Psychopharmacology (2006) 184(3-4):523- 539.
20. Court JA, Martin-Ruiz C, Graham A, Perry E: Nicotinic receptors in human brain: Topography and pathology. J Chem Neuroanat (2000) 20(3-4):281-298.
21. Langley JN: On the reaction of cells and of nerve-endings to certain poisons, chiefly as regards the reaction of striated muscle to nicotine and to curari. J Physiol (1905) 33(4-5):374-413.
22. Corringer PJ, Le Novere N, Changeux JP: Nicotinic receptors at the amino acid level. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol (2000) 40:431-458.
23. Picciotto MR, Caldarone BJ, Brunzell DH, Zachariou V, Stevens TR, King SL: Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit knockout mice: Physiological and behavioral phenotypes and possible clinical implications. Pharmacol Ther (2001) 92(2-3):89-108.
24. Ishii K, Wong JK, Sumikawa K: Comparison of α2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit mRNA expression in the central nervous system of rats and mice. J Comp Neurol (2005) 493(2):241-260.
25. Han ZY, Le Novere N, Zoli M, Hill JA Jr, Champtiaux N, Changeux JP: Localization of nAChR subunit RNAs in the brain of Macaca mulatta. Eur J Neurosci (2000) 12(10):3664-3674.
26. Gotti C, Zoli M, Clementi F: Brain nicotinic receptors: Native subtypes and their relevance. Trends Pharmacol Sci (2006) 27(9):482-491.
27. Barik J, Wonnacott S: Indirect modulation by α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of noradrenaline release in rat hippocampal slices: Interaction with glutamate and GABA systems and effect of nicotine withdrawal. Mol Pharmacol (2006) 69(2):618-28.
28. Agulhon C, Abitbol M, Bertrand D, Malafosse A: Localization of mRNA for CHRNA7 in human fetal brain. Neuroreport (1999) 10(11):2223-2227.
29. Court JA, Martin-Ruiz C, Graham A, Perry E: Nicotinic receptors in human brain: Topography and pathology. J Chem Neuroanat (2000) 20(3-4):281-298.
30. Utsugisawa K, Nagane Y, Tohgi H, Yoshimura M, Ohba H, Genda Y: Changes with aging and ischemia in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit α7 mRNA expression in postmortem human frontal cortex and putamen. Neurosci Lett (1999) 270(3):145-148.
31. Guan ZZ, Zhang X, Ravid R, Nordberg A: Decreased protein levels of nicotinic receptor subunits in the hippocampus and temporal cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem (2000) 74(1):237-243.
32. Freedman R, Hall M, Adler LE, Leonard S: Evidence in postmortem brain tissue for decreased numbers of hippocampal nicotinic receptors in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry (1995) 38(1):22-33.
33. 125I]- α-bungarotoxin binding in human postmortem brain. J Comp Neurol (1997) 387(3):385-398.
34. Stevens KE, Freedman R, Collins AC, Hall M, Leonard S, Marks MJ, Rose GM: Genetic correlation of inhibitory gating of hippocampal auditory evoked response and α-bungarotoxin-binding nicotinic cholinergic receptors in inbred mouse strains. Neuropsychopharmacology (1996) 15(2):152-162.
35. Lindstrom J: The structures of neuronal nicotinic receptors. In: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Clementi F, Fornasari D, Gotti C (Eds), Springer, Berlin, Germany (2000):101-162.
36. Zoli M, Moretti M, Zanardi A, McIntsoh JM, Clementi F, Gotti C: Identification of the nicotinic receptor subtypes expressed on dopaminergic terminals in the rat striatum. J Neurosci (2002) 22(20):8785- 8789.
37. Turner JR, Kellar KJ: Nicotinic cholinergic receptors in the rat cerebellum: Multiple heteromeric subtypes. J Neurosci (2005) 25(40):9258-9265.
38. Sher E, Chen Y, Sharples TJ, Broad LM, Benedetti G, Zwart R, McPhie GI, Pearson KH, Baldwinson T, De Filippi G: Physiological roles of neuronal nicotinic receptor subtypes: New insights on the nicotine modulation of neurotransmitter release, synaptic transmission and plasticity. Curr Topics Med Chem (2004) 4(3):283-287.
39. Buisson B, Bertrand D: Nicotine addiction: The possible role of functional upregulation. Trends Pharmacol Sci (2002) 23(3):130-136.
40. Tohgi H, Utsugisawa K, Yoshimura M, Nagane Y, Mihara M: Age-related changes in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits α4 and β2 messenger RNA expression in postmortem human frontal cortex and hippocampus. Neurosci Lett (1998) 245(3):139-142.
41. Gotti C, Moretti M, Bohr I, Ziabreva I, Vailati S, Longhi R, Riganti L, Gaimarri A, McKeith IG, Perry RH, Aarsland D et al: Selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit deficits identified in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies by immunoprecipitation. Neurobiol Dis (2006) 23(2):481-489.
42. 125)I]-A-85380. Neuropsychopharmacology (2004) 29(1):108-116.
43. Curzon P, Anderson DJ, Nikkel AL, Fox GB, Gopalakrishnan M, Decker MW, Bitner RS: Antisense knockdown of the rat α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor produces spatial memory impairment. Neurosci Lett (2006) 410(1):15-19. • This review describes a knockdown study of α7 receptors in rat models.
44. Young JW, Finlayson K, Spratt C, Marston HM, Crawford N, Kelly JS, Sharkey J: Nicotine improves sustained attention in mice: Evidence for involvement of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Neuropsychopharmacology (2004) 29(5):891-900.
45. Hoyle E, Genn RF, Fernandes C, Stolerman IP: Impaired performance of α7 nicotinic receptor knockout mice in the five-choice serial reaction time task. Psychopharmacology (2006) 189(2):211-223.
46. Davis JA, Gould TJ: β2 subunit-containing nicotinic receptors mediate the enhancing effect of nicotine on trace cued fear conditioning in C57BL/6 mice. Psychopharmacology (2007) 190(3):343-352.
47. Young JW, Crawford N, Kelly JS, Kerr LE, Marston HM, Spratt C, Finlayson K, Sharkey J: Impaired attention is central to the cognitive deficits observed in α7 deficient mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol (2007) 17(2):145-155.
48. Picciotto MR, Zoli M, Lena C, Bessis A, Lallemand Y, Le Novere N, Vincent 48. P, Pich EM, Brulet P, Changeux JP: Abnormal avoidance learning in mice lacking functional high-affinity nicotine receptor in the brain. Nature (1995) 374(6517):65-67. • This paper characterizes the learning deficits in nicotinic knockout mice.
49. Rossi FM, Pizzorusso T, Porciatti V, Marubio LM, Maffei L, Changeux JP: Requirement of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor β2 subunit for the anatomical and functional development of the visual system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (2001) 98(11):6453-6458.
50. Kumari V, Soni W, Mathew VM, Sharma T: Prepulse inhibition of the startle response in men with schizophrenia: Effects of age of onset of illness, symptoms, and medication. Arch Gen Psychiatry (2000) 57(6):609-614.
51. Thaker GK, Ross DE, Cassady SL, Adami HM, LaPorte D, Medoff DR, Lahti A: Smooth pursuit eye movements to extraretinal motion signals: Deficits in relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry (1998) 55(9):830-836.
52. Waldo MC, Carey G, Myles-Worsley M, Cawthra E, Adler LE, Nagamoto HT, Wender P, Byerley W, Plaetke R, Freedman R: Codistribution of a sensory gating deficit and schizophrenia in multi-affected families. Psychiatry Res (1991) 39(3):257-268.
53. Braff D, Stone C, Callaway E, Geyer M, Glick I, Bali L: Prestimulus effects on human startle reflex in normals and schizophrenics. Psychophysiology (1978) 15(4):339-343.
54. Heinrichs RW: Meta-analysis and the science of schizophrenia: Variant evidence or evidence of variants? Neurosci Biobehav Rev (2004) 28(4):379-394.
55. Holzman PS, Kringlen E, Matthysse S, Flanagan SD, Lipton RB, Cramer G, Levin S, Lange K, Levy DL: A single dominant gene can account for eye tracking dysfunctions and schizophrenia in offspring of discordant twins. Arch Gen Psychiatry (1988) 45(7):641-647.
56. Judd LL, McAdams L, Budnick B, Braff DL: Sensory gating deficits in schizophrenia: New results. Am J Psychiatry (1992) 149(4):488-493.
57. Adler L, Hoffer L, Griffith J, Waldo M, Freedman R: Normalization by nicotine of deficient sensory gating in the relatives of schizophrenics. Biol Psychiatry (1992) 32(7):607-616.
58. Cullum CM, Harris JG, Waldo MC, Smernoff E, Madison A, Nagamoto HT, Griffith J, Adler LE, Freedman R: Neurophysiological and neuropsychological evidence for attentional dysfunction in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Res (1993) 10(2):131-141.
59. Venables P: Input dysfunction in schizophrenia. In: Progress in Experimental Personality Research. Maher BA (Ed), Academic Press, New York, NY, USA (1964):1-47.
60. Leonard S, Adler LE, Benhammou K, Berger R, Breese CR, Drebing C, Gault J, Lee MJ, Logel J, Olincy A, Ross RG et al: Smoking and mental illness. Pharmacol Biochem Behavior (2001) 70(4):561-570.
61. Freedman R, Coon H, Myles-Worsley M, Orr-Urtreger A, Olincy A, Davis A, Polymeropoulos M, Holik J, Hopkins J, Hoff M, Rosenthal et al: Linkage of a neurophysiological deficit in schizophrenia to a chromosome 15 locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (1997) 94(2):587-592.
62. Leonard S, Gault J, Adams C, Breese CR, Rollins Y, Adler LE, Olincy A, Freedman R: Nicotinic receptors, smoking, and schizophrenia. Restor Neurol Neurosci (1998) 12(2-3):195-201.
63. Leonard S, Giordano L: Are differential behavioral responses to smoking and smoking cessation in schizophrenia related to nicotinic receptor levels? Neuropsychopharmacology (2002) 27(6):1082-1083.
64. Hashimoto K, Iyo M, Freedman R, Stevens KE: Tropisetron improves deficient inhibitory auditory processing in DBA/2 mice: Role of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Psychopharmacology (2005) 183(1):13-19.
65. Stevens KE, Kem WR, Mahnir VM, Freedman R: Selective α7-nicotinic agonists normalize inhibition of auditory response in DBA mice. Psychopharmacology (1998) 136(4):320-327.
66. Simosky JK, Stevens KE, Kem WR, Freedman R: Intragastric DMXB-A, an α7 nicotinic agonist, improves deficient sensory inhibition in DBA/2 mice. Biol Psychiatry (2001) 50(7):493-500.
67. O'Neill HC, Rieger K, Kem WR, Stevens KE: DMXB, an α7 nicotinic agonist, normalizes auditory gating in isolation-reared rats. Psychopharmacology (2003) 169(3-4):332-339.
68. Hajos M, Hurst RS, Hoffmann WE, Krause M, Wall TM, Higdon NR, Groppi VE: The selective α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist PNU-282987 [N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl]-4-chlorobenzamide hydrochloride] enhances GABAergic synaptic activity in brain slices and restores auditory gating deficits in anesthetized rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther (2005) 312(3):1213-1222.
69. Hurst RS, Hajos M, Raggenbass M, Wall TM, Higdon NR, Lawson JA, Rutherford-Root KL, Berkenpas MB, Hoffmann WE, Piotrowski DW, Groppi VE et al: A novel positive allosteric modulator of the α7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: In vitro and in vivo characterization. J Neurosci (2005) 25(17):4396- 4405.
70. A receptor modulators. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (2007) 104(19):8059-8064. • This paper reports cognitive improvement produced by a novel nicotinic positive allosteric modulator.
71. Kumari V, Soni W, Sharma T: Influence of cigarette smoking on prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response in schizophrenia. Hum Psychopharmacol (2001) 16(4):321-326.
72. Graham FK: Presidential Address, 1974. The more or less startling effects of weak prestimuli. Psychophysiology (1975) 12(3):238-248.
73. Braff DL, Geyer MA: Sensorimotor gating and schizophrenia. Human and animal model studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry (1990) 47(2):181- 188.
74. Cilia J, Cluderay JE, Robbins MJ, Reavill C, Southam E, Kew JN, Jones DN: Reversal of isolation-rearing-induced PPI deficits by an α7 nicotinic receptor agonist. Psychopharmacology (2005) 182(2):214-219.
75. Schreiber R, Dalmus M, De Vry J: 75. Effects of α4/β2- and α7-nicotine acetylcholine receptor agonists on prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response in rats and mice. Psychopharmacology (2002) 159(3):248-257.
76. 1B knockout mice. Ann NY Acad Sci (1998) 861:79-84.
77. Dalack GW, Healy DJ, Meador-Woodruff JH: 77. Nicotine dependence in schizophrenia: Clinical phenomena and laboratory findings. Am J Psychiatry (1998) 155(11):1490-1501.
78. Leonard S, Adams C, Breese CR, Adler LE, Bickford P, Byerley W, Coon H, Griffith JM, Miller C, Myles-Worsley M, Nagamoto HT et al: Nicotinic receptor function in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull (1996) 22(3):431-445.
79. Chen KC, Baxter MG, Rodefer JS: Central blockade of muscarinic cholinergic receptors disrupts affective and attentional set-shifting. Eur J Neurosci (2004) 20(4):1081-1088. • This paper reports the involvement of cholinergic receptors in executive function.
80. Chiba AA, Bushnell PJ, Oshiro WM, Gallagher M: Selective removal of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain alters cued target detection. Neuroreport (1999) 10(14):3119-3123.
81. McGaughy J, Dalley JW, Morrison CH, Everitt BJ, Robbins TW: Selective behavioral and neurochemical effects of cholinergic lesions produced by intrabasalis infusions of 192 IgG-saporin on attentional performance in a five-choice serial reaction time task. J Neurosci (2002) 22(5):1905-1913.
82. Rodefer JS, Nguyen TN, Kenny M, Guynn L: The α-7-nicotinic agonist GTS-21 reverses subchronic PCP-induced deficits in an attentional set-shifting task in rats. Society for Neuroscience (2005) 35:Abs 645.3.
83. Van Kampen M, Selbach, K, Schneider R, Schiegal E, Boess F, Schreiber R: AR-R 17779 improves social recognition in rats by activation of nicotinic α7 receptors. Psychopharmacology (2004) 172(4):375-383.
84. Woodruff-Pak DS, Green JT, Coleman-Valencia C, Pak JT: A nicotinic cholinergic agonist (GTS-21) and eyeblink classical conditioning: Acquisition, retention, and relearning in older rabbits. Exp Aging Res (2000) 26(4):323-336.
85. Grottick AJ, Higgins GA: Effect of subtype selective nicotinic compounds on attention as assessed by the five-choice serial reaction time task. Behav Brain Res (2000) 117(1-2):197-208.
86. Levin ED: Nicotinic receptor subtypes and cognitive function. J Neurobiol (2002) 53(4):633-640.
87. Arendash GW, Sengstock GJ, Sanberg PR, Kem WR: Improved learning and memory in aged rats with chronic administration of the nicotinic receptor agonist GTS-21. Brain Res (1995) 674(2):252-259.
88. Levin ED, Bettegowda C, Blosser J, Gordon J: AR-R17779, an α7 nicotinic agonist, improves learning and memory in rats. Behav Pharmacol (1999) 10(6-7):675-680.
89. Meyer EM, de Fiebre CM, Hunter BE, Simpkins CE, Frauworth N, de Fiebre NE: Effects of anabaseine-related analogs on rat brain nicotinic receptor binding and on avoidance behaviors. Drug Dev Res (1994) 31(2):127-134.
90. Chan WK, Wong PT, Sheu FS: Frontal cortical α7 and α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in working and reference memory. Neuropharmacology (2007) 52(8):1641-1649.
91. Boess FG, De Vry J, Erb C, Flessner T, Hendrix M, Luithle J, Methfessel C, Riedl B, Schnizler K, van der Staay FJ, van Kampen M et al: The novel α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist N-[(3R)- 1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl]-7-[2-(methoxy)phenyl]-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide improves working and recognition memory in rodents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther (2007) 321(2):716-725.
92. Levin E, Christopher N: Persistence of nicotinic agonist RJR 2403 induced working memory improvement in rats. Drug Dev Res (2002) 55(2):97-103.
93. Levin ED, Bradley A, Addy N, Sigurani N: Hippocampal α7 and α4β2 nicotinic receptors and working memory. Neuroscience (2002) 109(4):757-765.
94. Felix R, Levin ED: Nicotinic antagonist administration into the ventral hippocampus and spatial working memory in rats. Neuroscience (1997) 81(4):1009-1017.
95. Nott A, Levin ED: Dorsal hippocampal α7 and α4β2 nicotinic receptors and memory. Brain Res (2006) 1081(1):72- 78.
96. Levin ED, Caldwell DP: Low-dose mecamylamine improves learning of rats in the radial-arm maze repeated acquisition procedure. Neurobiol Learn Mem (2006) 86(1):117-122.
97. Obinu MC, Reibaud M, Miquet JM, Pasquet M, Rooney T: Brain-selective stimulation of nicotinic receptors by TC-1734 enhances ACh transmission from frontoparietal cortex and memory in rodents. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry (2002) 26(5):913-918.
98. Pichat P, Bergis OE, Terranova JP, Urani A, Duarte C, Santucci V, Gueudet C, Voltz C, Steinberg R, Stemmelin J, Oury-Donat F et al: SSR180711, a novel selective ?7 nicotinic receptor partial agonist: (II) Efficacy in experimental models predictive of activity against cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology (2007) 32(1):17-34.
99. Bontempi B, Whelan KT, Risbrough VB, Rao TS, Buccafusco JJ, Lloyd GK, Menzaghi F: SIB-1553A, (±)-4-[[2-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl) ethyl]thio]phenol hydrochloride, a subtype-selective ligand for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with putative cognitive-enhancing properties: Effects on working and reference memory performances in aged rodents and nonhuman primates. J Pharmacol Exp Ther (2001) 299(1):297-306.
100. Bontempi B, Whelan KT, Risbrough VB, Lloyd GK, Menzaghi F: Cognitive enhancing properties and tolerability of cholinergic agents in mice: A comparative study of nicotine, donepezil, and SIB-1553A, a subtype-selective ligand for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology (2003) 28(7):1235-1246.
101. Grottick AJ, Wyler R, Higgins GA: A study of the nicotinic agonist SIB-1553A on locomotion and attention as measured by the five-choice serial reaction time task. Pharmacol Biochem Behav (2001) 70(4):505-513.
102. Schneider JS, Tinker JP, Menzaghi F, Lloyd GK: The subtype-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist SIB-1553A improves both attention and memory components of a spatial working memory task in chronic low dose 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated monkeys. J Pharmacol Exp Ther (2003) 306(1):401-406.
103. Hahn B, Shoaib M, Stolerman IP: Involvement of the prefrontal cortex but not the dorsal hippocampus in the attention-enhancing effects of nicotine in rats. Psychopharmacology (2003) 168(3):271-279.
104. Hoyle E, Genn RF, Fernandes C, Stolerman IP: Impaired performance of α7 nicotinic receptor knockout mice in the five-choice serial reaction time task. Psychopharmacology (2006) 189(2):211-223.
105. McQuail JA, Burk JA: Evaluation of muscarinic and nicotinic receptor antagonists on attention and working memory. Pharmacol Biochem Behav (2006) 85(4):796-803.
106. Rezvani AH, Bushnell PJ, Levin ED: Effects of nicotine and mecamylamine on choice accuracy in an operant visual signal detection task in female rats. Psychopharmacology (2002) 164(4):369-375.
107. Rowe WB, Callahan PM, Xie W, Rodefer JS, Terry AV, Buccafusco JJ, Ashby CR, Tehim A: MEM 3454, a novel nicotinic β7 receptor partial agonist. III. Effects in models predictive of cognitive and sensory gating restoration in schizophrenia. Society for Neuroscience (2006):Abs 163.4/Z10.
108. Kitagawa H, Takenouchi T, Azuma R, Wesnes KA, Kramer WG, Clody DE, Burnett AL: Safety, pharmacokinetics and effects on cognitive function of multiple doses of GTS-21 in healthy, male volunteers. Neuropsychopharmacology (2003) 28(3):542-551.
109. Olincy A, Harris JG, Johnson LL, Pender V, Kongs S, Allensworth D, Ellis J, Zerbe GO, Leonard S, Stevens KE, Stevens JO et al: Proof-of-concept trial of an α7 nicotinic agonist in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry (2006) 63(6):630-638.
110. Levin ED, Rezvani AH: Nicotinic interactions with antipsychotic drugs, models of schizophrenia and impacts on cognitive function. Biochem Pharmacol (2007) 74(8):1182-1191.
111. Levin ED, Briggs SJ, Christopher NC, Auman JT: Working memory performance and cholinergic effects in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra. Brain Res (1994) 657(1-2):165-170.
112. Grottick AJ, Trube G, Corrigall WA, Huwyler J, Malherbe P, Wyler R, Higgins GA: Evidence that nicotinic α7 receptors are not involved in the hyperlocomotor and rewarding effects of nicotine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther (2000) 294(3):1112-1119.
113. Grottick AJ, Wyler R, Higgins GA: 113. The α4β2 agonist SIB 1765F, but not the α7 agonist AR-R 17779, cross-sensitises to the psychostimulant effects of nicotine. Psychopharmacology (2000) 150(2):233-236.
114. Grottick AJ, Wyler R, Higgins GA: 114. A study of the nicotinic agonist SIB-1553A on locomotion and attention as measured by the five-choice serial reaction time task. Pharmacol Biochem Behav (2001) 70(4):505-513.
115. Walters CL, Brown S, Changeux JP, Marin B, Damaj MI: 115. The β2 but not α7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is required for nicotine-conditioned place preference in mice. Psychopharmacology (2006) 184(3-4):339-344.
116. Naylor C, Quarta D, Fernandes C, Stolerman IP: Tolerance to nicotine in mice lacking α7 nicotinic receptors. Psychopharmacology (2005) 180(3):558-563.
117. Wehner JM, Keller JJ, Keler AB, Picciotto MR, Paylor R, Booker TK, Beaudet A, Heinemann SF, Balogh SA: Role of neuronal nicotinic receptors in the effects of nicotine and ethanol on contextual fear conditioning. Neuroscience (2004) 129(1):11-24.
118. Wishka DG, Walker DP, Yates KM, Reitz SC, Jia S, Myers JK, Olson KL, Jacobsen EJ, Wolfe ML, Groppi VE, Hanchar AJ et al: Discovery of N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl]furo[2,3-c] pyridine-5-carboxamide, an agonist of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, for the potential treatment of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: Synthesis and structure - activity relationship. J Med Chem (2006) 49(14):4425-4436.