Dendritic cells in autoimmune diseases and neuroinflammatory disorders

Frontiers in Bioscience

Volumn 12, Issue 11, 2007, Pages 4315-4335

  Manuel, Sharron L ^a   Rahman, Saifur ^a   Wigdahl, Brian ^a   Khan, Zafar K ^a   Jain, Pooja ^a  

^a DREXEL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Alzheimer; Autoimmune diseases; Dendritic cells; Diabetes; HAM TSP; Multiple sclerosis; Neuroinflammation; Prion diseases; Psoriasis; Review; Rheumatoid arthritis; Sjogren's syndrome; Systemic lupus erythematosus

Indexed keywords

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; DENDRITIC CELL; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; INFLAMMATION; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; REVIEW;

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; DENDRITIC CELLS; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES;

EID: 34347212861     PISSN: 27686701     EISSN: 27686698     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2741/2390     Document Type: Article

References (209)

1. S. Amu, K. Stromberg, M. Bokarewa, A. Tarkowski and M. Brisslert: CD25-expressing B-lymphocytes in Rheumatic Diseases. Scand J Immunol, 65(2), 182-91 (2007) (Pubitemid 46174927)
2. C. Chelala, S. Duchatelet, M. L. Joffret, R. Bergholdt, D. Dubois-Laforgue, P. Ghandil, F. Pociot, S. Caillat-Zucman, J. Timsit and C. Julier: PTPN22 R620W Functional Variant in Type 1 Diabetes and Autoimmunity Related Traits. Diabetes, 56(2), 522-6 (2007)
3. H. Nakamura, A. Kawakami and K. Eguchi: Mechanisms of autoantibody production and the relationship between autoantibodies and the clinical manifestations in Sjogren's syndrome. Transl Res, 148(6), 281-8 (2006) (Pubitemid 44880037)
4. S. Sato, M. Kuwana and M. Hirakata: Clinical characteristics of Japanese patients with anti-OJ (antiisoleucyl-tRNA synthetase) autoantibodies. Rheumatology (Oxford) (2007)
5. H. Bour-Jordan, B. L. Salomon, H. L. Thompson, G. L. Szot, M. R. Bernhard and J. A. Bluestone: Costimulation controls diabetes by altering the balance of pathogenic and regulatory T cells. J Clin Invest, 114(7), 979-87 (2004) (Pubitemid 39578726)
6. M. C. Gagnerault, J. J. Luan, C. Lotton and F. Lepault: Pancreatic lymph nodes are required for priming of beta cell reactive T cells in NOD mice. J Exp Med, 196(3), 369-77 (2002) (Pubitemid 34875666)
7. M. G. Levisetti, A. Suri, K. Frederick and E. R. Unanue: Absence of lymph nodes in NOD mice treated with lymphotoxin-beta receptor immunoglobulin protects from diabetes. Diabetes, 53(12), 3115-9 (2004) (Pubitemid 39564486)
8. M. Neighbors, S. B. Hartley, X. Xu, A. G. Castro, D. M. Bouley and A. O'Garra: Breakpoints in immunoregulation required for Th1 cells to induce diabetes. Eur J Immunol, 36(9), 2315-23 (2006) (Pubitemid 44420588)
9. N. E. Standifer, Q. Ouyang, C. Panagiotopoulos, C. B. Verchere, R. Tan, C. J. Greenbaum, C. Pihoker and G. T. Nepom: Identification of Novel HLA-A*0201-Restricted Epitopes in Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetic Subjects and Antibody-Positive Relatives. Diabetes, 55(11), 3061-7 (2006) (Pubitemid 44923643)
10. D. Yadav, V. Judkowski, M. Flodstrom-Tullberg, L. Sterling, W. L. Redmond, L. Sherman and N. Sarvetnick: B7-2 (CD86) controls the priming of autoreactive CD4 T cell response against pancreatic islets. J Immunol, 173(6), 3631-9 (2004) (Pubitemid 39280722)
11. R. M. Steinman and Z. A. Cohn: Identification of a novel cell type in peripheral lymphoid organs of mice. I. Morphology, quantitation, tissue distribution. J Exp Med, 137(5), 1142-62 (1973)
12. R. Thomas and P. E. Lipsky: Dendritic cells: origin and differentiation. Stem Cells, 14(2), 196-206 (1996) (Pubitemid 26109201)
13. R. Thomas and P. E. Lipsky: Presentation of self peptides by dendritic cells: possible implications for the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum, 39(2), 183-90 (1996) (Pubitemid 26065256)
14. M. G. Manz, D. Traver, K. Akashi, M. Merad, T. Miyamoto, E. G. Engleman and I. L. Weissman: Dendritic cell development from common myeloid progenitors. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 938, 167-73; discussion 173-4 (2001)
15. R. M. Steinman and H. Hemmi: Dendritic cells: translating innate to adaptive immunity. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 311, 17-58 (2006) (Pubitemid 47413194)
16. F. Sallusto, M. Cella, C. Danieli and A. Lanzavecchia: Dendritic cells use macropinocytosis and the mannose receptor to concentrate macromolecules in the major histocompatibility complex class II compartment: downregulation by cytokines and bacterial products. J Exp Med, 182(2), 389-400 (1995)
17. M. Greter, F. L. Heppner, M. P. Lemos, B. M. Odermatt, N. Goebels, T. Laufer, R. J. Noelle and B. Becher: Dendritic cells permit immune invasion of the CNS in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Nat Med, 11(3), 328-34 (2005) (Pubitemid 40460562)
18. T. C. Tzeng, J. L. Suen and B. L. Chiang: Dendritic cells pulsed with apoptotic cells activate self-reactive T-cells of lupus mice both in vitro and in vivo. Rheumatology (Oxford), 45(10), 1230-7 (2006)
19. S. C. van Blokland, A. F. Wierenga-Wolf, C. G. van Helden-Meeuwsen, H. A. Drexhage, H. Hooijkaas, J. P. van de Merwe and M. A. Versnel: Professional antigen presenting cells in minor salivary glands in Sjogren's syndrome: potential contribution to the histopathological diagnosis? Lab Invest, 80(12), 1935-41 (2000) (Pubitemid 32012761)
20. A. C. van Dinther-Janssen, S. T. Pals, R. Scheper, F. Breedveld and C. J. Meijer: Dendritic cells and high endothelial venules in the rheumatoid synovial membrane. J Rheumatol, 17(1), 11-7 (1990) (Pubitemid 20070560)
21. G. Xanthou, N. I. Tapinos, M. Polihronis, I. P. Nezis, L. H. Margaritis and H. M. Moutsopoulos: CD4 cytotoxic and dendritic cells in the immunopathologic lesion of Sjogren's syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol, 118(1), 154-63 (1999) (Pubitemid 29479797)
22. J. Yan, B. P. Harvey, R. J. Gee, M. J. Shlomchik and M. J. Mamula: B cells drive early T cell autoimmunity in vivo prior to dendritic cell-mediated autoantigen presentation. J Immunol, 177(7), 4481-7 (2006) (Pubitemid 44469778)
23. K. V. Tarbell, S. Yamazaki and R. M. Steinman: The interactions of dendritic cells with antigen-specific, regulatory T cells that suppress autoimmunity. Semin Immunol, 18(2), 93-102 (2006) (Pubitemid 43248737)
24. J. Ahuja, K. Kampani, S. Datta, B. Wigdahl, K. E. Flaig and P. Jain: Use of human antigen presenting cell gene array profiling to examine the effect of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax on primary human dendritic cells. J Neurovirol, 12(1), 47-59 (2006)
25. T. Alefantis, P. Jain, J. Ahuja, K. Mostoller and B. Wigdahl: HTLV-1 Tax nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, interaction with the secretory pathway, extracellular signaling, and implications for neurologic disease. J Biomed Sci, 12(6), 961-74 (2005) (Pubitemid 43081675)
26. K. Barmak, E. Harhaj, C. Grant, T. Alefantis and B. Wigdahl: Human T cell leukemia virus type 1-induced disease: pathways to cancer and neurodegeneration. Virology, 308(1), 1-12 (2003) (Pubitemid 36432113)
27. K. Barmak, E. W. Harhaj and B. Wigdahl: Mediators of central nervous system damage during the progression of human T-cell leukemia type 1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. J Neurovirol, 9(5), 522-9 (2003) (Pubitemid 37279368)
28. C. Grant, K. Barmak, T. Alefantis, J. Yao, S. Jacobson and B. Wigdahl: Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 and neurologic disease: events in bone marrow, peripheral blood, and central nervous system during normal immune surveillance and neuroinflammation. J Cell Physiol, 190(2), 133-59 (2002) (Pubitemid 34027818)
29. K. Mostoller, C. C. Norbury, P. Jain and B. Wigdahl: Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax induces the expression of dendritic cell markers associated with maturation and activation. J Neurovirol, 10(6), 358-71 (2004) (Pubitemid 40109623)
30. B. Wigdahl and J. N. Brady: Molecular aspects of HTLV-1: relationship to neurological diseases. J Neurovirol, 2(5), 307-22 (1996) (Pubitemid 26372456)
31. T. Alefantis, K. Barmak, E. W. Harhaj, C. Grant and B. Wigdahl: Characterization of a nuclear export signal within the human T cell leukemia virus type 1 transactivator protein Tax. J Biol Chem, 278(24), 21814-22 (2003) (Pubitemid 36792586)
32. T. Alefantis, K. Mostoller, P. Jain, E. Harhaj, C. Grant and B. Wigdahl: Secretion of the human T cell leukemia virus type 1 transactivator protein tax. J Biol Chem, 280(17), 17353-62 (2005) (Pubitemid 41389205)
33. E. W. Harhaj, N. S. Harhaj, C. Grant, K. Mostoller, T. Alefantis, S. C. Sun and B. Wigdahl: Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax activates CD40 gene expression via the NF-kappa B pathway. Virology, 333(1), 145-58 (2005) (Pubitemid 40222198)
34. J. Ahuja, V. Lepoutre, B. Wigdahl, Z. K. Khan and P. Jain: Induction of proinflammatory cytokine by human T cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax protein as determined by multiplexed cytokine protein array analyses of human dendritic cells. Biomedicine Pharmacother, in press (2007)
35. P. Jain, J. Ahuja, Z. K. Khan, S. Shimizu, O. Meucci, S. R. Jennings and B. Wigdahl: Modulation of dendritic cell maturation and function by the Tax protein of human T cell leukemia virus type 1. J Leuk Biol, in press (2007)
36. National Psoriasis Foundation. http://www.psoriasis.org/about/stats/(1/8/ 07)
37. R. G. Langley, G. G. Krueger and C. E. Griffiths: Psoriasis: epidemiology, clinical features, and quality of life. Ann Rheum Dis, 64 Suppl 2, ii18-23; discussion ii24-5 (2005) (Pubitemid 40288514)
38. V. Kumar, A. K. Abbas, N. Fausto, S. L. Robbins and R. S. Cotran: Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease. Elsevier/Saunders, Philadelphia (2005)
39. J. M. McGregor, J. N. Barker, E. L. Ross and D. M. MacDonald: Epidermal dendritic cells in psoriasis possess a phenotype associated with antigen presentation: in situ expression of beta 2-integrins. J Am Acad Dermatol, 27(3), 383-8 (1992)
40. J. R. Abrams, S. L. Kelley, E. Hayes, T. Kikuchi, M. J. Brown, S. Kang, M. G. Lebwohl, C. A. Guzzo, B. V. Jegasothy, P. S. Linsley and J. G. Krueger: Blockade of T lymphocyte costimulation with cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4-immunoglobulin (CTLA4Ig) reverses the cellular pathology of psoriatic plaques, including the activation of keratinocytes, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells. J Exp Med, 192(5), 681-94 (2000)
41. M. A. Lowes, F. Chamian, M. V. Abello, J. Fuentes-Duculan, S. L. Lin, R. Nussbaum, I. Novitskaya, H. Carbonaro, I. Cardinale, T. Kikuchi, P. Gilleaudeau, M. Sullivan-Whalen, K. M. Wittkowski, K. Papp, M. Garovoy, W. Dummer, R. M. Steinman and J. G. Krueger: Increase in TNF-alpha and inducible nitric oxide synthaseexpressing dendritic cells in psoriasis and reduction with efalizumab (anti-CD11a). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102(52), 19057-62 (2005) (Pubitemid 43049565)
42. F. O. Nestle, C. Conrad, A. Tun-Kyi, B. Homey, M. Gombert, O. Boyman, G. Burg, Y. J. Liu and M. Gilliet: Plasmacytoid predendritic cells initiate psoriasis through interferon-alpha production. J Exp Med, 202(1), 135-43 (2005) (Pubitemid 41002916)
43. O. Boyman, C. Conrad, G. Tonel, M. Gilliet and F. O. Nestle: The pathogenic role of tissue-resident immune cells in psoriasis. Trends in Immunology (2006)
44. J. D. Bos, M. A. de Rie, M. B. Teunissen and G. Piskin: Psoriasis: dysregulation of innate immunity. Br J Dermatol, 152(6), 1098-107 (2005) (Pubitemid 40933406)
45. M. Taniguchi, K. Seino and T. Nakayama: The NKT cell system: bridging innate and acquired immunity. Nat Immunol, 4(12), 1164-5 (2003) (Pubitemid 37540684)
46. M. B. Teunissen: Langerhans cells and other skin dendritic cells. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2005)
47. B. J. Nickoloff, G. D. Karabin, J. N. Barker, C. E. Griffiths, V. Sarma, R. S. Mitra, J. T. Elder, S. L. Kunkel and V. M. Dixit: Cellular localization of interleukin-8 and its inducer, tumor necrosis factor-alpha in psoriasis. Am J Pathol, 138(1), 129-40 (1991)
48. Johns Hopkins Medicine Arthritis Center. http://www.hopkins-arthritis.org (2/8/07)
49. B. P. Leung, M. Conacher, D. Hunter, I. B. McInnes, F. Y. Liew and J. M. Brewer: A novel dendritic cell-induced model of erosive inflammatory arthritis: distinct roles for dendritic cells in T cell activation and induction of local inflammation. J Immunol, 169(12), 7071-7 (2002) (Pubitemid 36899295)
50. G. Page, S. Lebecque and P. Miossec: Anatomic localization of immature and mature dendritic cells in an ectopic lymphoid organ: correlation with selective chemokine expression in rheumatoid synovium. J Immunol, 168(10), 5333-41 (2002) (Pubitemid 34496002)
51. G. Page and P. Miossec: RANK and RANKL expression as markers of dendritic cell-T cell interactions in paired samples of rheumatoid synovium and lymph nodes. Arthritis Rheum, 52(8), 2307-12 (2005) (Pubitemid 41117414)
52. T. R. Radstake, A. B. Blom, A. W. Sloetjes, E. O. van Gorselen, G. J. Pesman, L. Engelen, R. Torensma, W. B. van den Berg, C. G. Figdor, P. L. van Lent, G. J. Adema and P. Barrera: Increased FcgammaRII expression and aberrant tumour necrosis factor alpha production by mature dendritic cells from patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis, 63(12), 1556-63 (2004) (Pubitemid 39573681)
53. R. Thomas, L. S. Davis and P. E. Lipsky: Rheumatoid synovium is enriched in mature antigen-presenting dendritic cells. J Immunol, 152(5), 2613-23 (1994) (Pubitemid 24097956)
54. J. J. Cush and P. E. Lipsky: Phenotypic analysis of synovial tissue and peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum, 31(10), 1230-8 (1988)
55. R. I. Fox, S. Fong, N. Sabharwal, S. A. Carstens, P. C. Kung and J. H. Vaughan: Synovial fluid lymphocytes differ from peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Immunol, 128(1), 351-4 (1982) (Pubitemid 12207466)
56. J. Itoh, K. Kinjoh, A. Ohyama, M. Nose and M. Kyogoku: Application of two-color immunofluorescence staining to demonstration of T-cells and HLA-DR-bearing cells in rheumatoid synovitis. J Histochem Cytochem, 40(11), 1675-83 (1992)
57. R. Thomas: Antigen-presenting cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Springer Semin Immunopathol, 20(1-2), 53-72 (1998) (Pubitemid 28502449)
58. F. Santiago-Schwarz: Dendritic cells: friend or foe in autoimmunity? Rheum Dis Clin North Am, 30(1), 115-34 (2004) (Pubitemid 38236183)
59. M. F. Roelofs, L. A. Joosten, S. Abdollahi-Roodsaz, A. W. van Lieshout, T. Sprong, F. H. van den Hoogen, W. B. van den Berg and T. R. Radstake: The expression of tolllike receptors 3 and 7 in rheumatoid arthritis synovium is increased and costimulation of toll-like receptors 3, 4, and 7/8 results in synergistic cytokine production by dendritic cells. Arthritis Rheum, 52(8), 2313-22 (2005) (Pubitemid 41117415)
60. L. L. Cavanagh, A. Boyce, L. Smith, J. Padmanabha, L. Filgueira, P. Pietschmann and R. Thomas: Rheumatoid arthritis synovium contains plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Arthritis Res Ther, 7(2), R230-40 (2005)
61. S. L. Jongbloed, M. C. Lebre, A. R. Fraser, J. A. Gracie, R. D. Sturrock, P. P. Tak and I. B. McInnes: Enumeration and phenotypical analysis of distinct dendritic cell subsets in psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther, 8(1), R15 (2005)
62. M. H. Wenink, W. B. van den Berg, P. L. van Riel and T. R. Radstake: Fc gamma receptor mediated modulation of dendritic cells as a potential strategy in the battle against rheumatoid arthritis. Neth J Med, 64(4), 103-8 (2006)
63. National Guideline Clearinghouse. http://www.guideline.gov/summary/ summary.aspx?doc-id=9640 (1/9/07)
64. The National Women's Health Information Center. In, http://www.4woman. gov/(2/8/07)
65. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/ dvrd/cjd/index.htm (2/8/07)
66. M. A. Gill, P. Blanco, E. Arce, V. Pascual, J. Banchereau and A. K. Palucka: Blood dendritic cells and DC-poietins in systemic lupus erythematosus. Hum Immunol, 63(12), 1172-80 (2002) (Pubitemid 36025992)
67. M. Shodell, K. Shah and F. P. Siegal: Circulating human plasmacytoid dendritic cells are highly sensitive to corticosteroid administration. Lupus, 12(3), 222-30 (2003) (Pubitemid 36458681)
68. E. Robak, P. Smolewski, A. Wozniacka, A. Sysa-Jedrzejowska, H. Stepien and T. Robak: Relationship between peripheral blood dendritic cells and cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Eur Cytokine Netw, 15(3), 222-30 (2004) (Pubitemid 39389919)
69. J. Zhu, X. Liu, C. Xie, M. Yan, Y. Yu, E. S. Sobel, E. K. Wakeland and C. Mohan: T cell hyperactivity in lupus as a consequence of hyperstimulatory antigen-presenting cells. J Clin Invest, 115(7), 1869-78 (2005) (Pubitemid 40979726)
70. K. Migita, T. Miyashita, Y. Maeda, H. Kimura, M. Nakamura, H. Yatsuhashi, H. Ishibashi and K. Eguchi: Reduced blood BDCA-2+ (lymphoid) and CD11c+ (myeloid) dendritic cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Immunol, 142(1), 84-91 (2005) (Pubitemid 41361009)
71. L. Frisoni, L. McPhie, L. Colonna, U. Sriram, M. Monestier, S. Gallucci and R. Caricchio: Nuclear autoantigen translocation and autoantibody opsonization lead to increased dendritic cell phagocytosis and presentation of nuclear antigens: a novel pathogenic pathway for autoimmunity? J Immunol, 175(4), 2692-701 (2005) (Pubitemid 41113885)
72. E. Robak, A. Sysa-Jedrzejowska, T. Robak and P. Smolewski: Peripheral blood lymphocyte apoptosis and circulating dendritic cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: correlation with immunological status and disease-related symptoms. Clin Rheumatol, 25(2), 225-33 (2006) (Pubitemid 43372322)
73. G. E. Grossmayer, L. E. Munoz, U. S. Gaipl, S. Franz, A. Sheriff, R. E. Voll, J. R. Kalden and M. Herrmann: Removal of dying cells and systemic lupus erythematosus. Mod Rheumatol, 15(6), 383-90 (2005) (Pubitemid 43135299)
74. H. Zhuang, S. Narain, E. Sobel, P. Y. Lee, D. C. Nacionales, K. M. Kelly, H. B. Richards, M. Segal, C. Stewart, M. Satoh and W. H. Reeves: Association of anti-nucleoprotein autoantibodies with upregulation of Type I interferon-inducible gene transcripts and dendritic cell maturation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol, 117(3), 238-50 (2005) (Pubitemid 43005210)
75. L. Ma, K. W. Chan, N. J. Trendell-Smith, A. Wu, L. Tian, A. C. Lam, A. K. Chan, C. K. Lo, S. Chik, K. H. Ko, C. K. To, S. K. Kam, X. S. Li, C. H. Yang, S. Y. Leung, M. H. Ng, D. I. Stott, G. G. MacPherson and F. P. Huang: Systemic autoimmune disease induced by dendritic cells that have captured necrotic but not apoptotic cells in susceptible mouse strains. Eur J Immunol, 35(11), 3364-75 (2005) (Pubitemid 41672540)
76. F. J. Barrat, T. Meeker, J. Gregorio, J. H. Chan, S. Uematsu, S. Akira, B. Chang, O. Duramad and R. L. Coffman: Nucleic acids of mammalian origin can act as endogenous ligands for Toll-like receptors and may promote systemic lupus erythematosus. J Exp Med, 202(8), 1131-9 (2005) (Pubitemid 41464506)
77. J. Vollmer, S. Tluk, C. Schmitz, S. Hamm, M. Jurk, A. Forsbach, S. Akira, K. M. Kelly, W. H. Reeves, S. Bauer and A. M. Krieg: Immune stimulation mediated by autoantigen binding sites within small nuclear RNAs involves Toll-like receptors 7 and 8. J Exp Med, 202(11), 1575-85 (2005) (Pubitemid 41746603)
78. P. Decker, I. Kotter, R. Klein, B. Berner and H. G. Rammensee: Monocyte-derived dendritic cells overexpress CD86 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford), 45(9), 1087-95 (2006) (Pubitemid 44542093)
79. D. Ding, H. Mehta, W. J. McCune and M. J. Kaplan: Aberrant phenotype and function of myeloid dendritic cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol, 177(9), 5878-89 (2006) (Pubitemid 44628801)
80. S. Wan, C. Xia and L. Morel: IL-6 produced by dendritic cells from lupus-prone mice inhibits CD4+CD25+ T cell regulatory functions. J Immunol, 178(1), 271-9 (2007) (Pubitemid 46033610)
81. M. Darren Phelan WebMD. http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic537.htm (2/8/07)
82. Sjögren's syndrome Foundation. http://www.sjogrens.org/syndrome/(1/ 9/07)
83. M. Tucci, C. Quatraro and F. Silvestris: Sjogren's syndrome: an autoimmune disorder with otolaryngological involvement. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital, 25(3), 139-44 (2005)
84. L. Cartier, C. Vergara and E. Ramirez: [Viral Tax protein expression in salivary glands of patients infected with human t-cell lymphotropic virus type I and Sicca Syndrome]. Rev Med Chil, 133(10), 1183-90 (2005)
85. K. Eguchi, N. Matsuoka, H. Ida, M. Nakashima, M. Sakai, S. Sakito, A. Kawakami, K. Terada, H. Shimada, Y. Kawabe and et al.: Primary Sjogren's syndrome with antibodies to HTLV-I: clinical and laboratory features. Ann Rheum Dis, 51(6), 769-76 (1992)
86. A. Hida, Y. Kawabe, A. Kawakami, K. Migita, M. Tominaga, H. Nakamura and K. Eguchi: HTLV-I associated Sjogren's syndrome is aetiologically distinct from anti-centromere antibodies positive Sjogren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis, 58(5), 320-2 (1999) (Pubitemid 29232146)
87. M. Izumi, H. Nakamura, T. Nakamura, K. Eguchi and T. Nakamura: Sjogren's syndrome (SS) in patients with human T cell leukemia virus I associated myelopathy: paradoxical features of the major salivary glands compared to classical SS. J Rheumatol, 26(12), 2609-14 (1999)
88. H. Nakamura, A. Kawakami, M. Tominaga, A. Hida, S. Yamasaki, K. Migita, Y. Kawabe, T. Nakamura and K. Eguchi: Relationship between Sjogren's syndrome and human T-lymphotropic virus type I infection: follow-up study of 83 patients. J Lab Clin Med, 135(2), 139-44 (2000) (Pubitemid 30105072)
89. P. Oxholm, A. Oxholm and R. Manthorpe: Epidermal Langerhans cells in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Allergy, 41(6), 429-34 (1986) (Pubitemid 17176545)
90. M. J. Peszkowski, G. Warfvinge and A. Larsson: HgCl2-induced glandular pathosis in the brown Norway rat. Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 69(3), 272-7 (1993)
91. K. E. Aziz, P. J. McCluskey and D. Wakefield: Characterisation of follicular dendritic cells in labial salivary glands of patients with primary Sjogren syndrome: comparison with tonsillar lymphoid follicles. Ann Rheum Dis, 56(2), 140-3 (1997) (Pubitemid 27119611)
92. S. Odagiri: [Peripheral blood dendritic cell dysfunction in patients with Sjogren's syndrome]. Arerugi, 48(4), 451-8 (1999)
93. S. C. van Blokland, C. G. van Helden-Meeuwsen, A. F. Wierenga-Wolf, H. A. Drexhage, H. Hooijkaas, J. P. van de Merwe and M. A. Versnel: Two different types of sialoadenitis in the NOD-and MRL/lpr mouse models for Sjogren's syndrome: a differential role for dendritic cells in the initiation of sialoadenitis? Lab Invest, 80(4), 575-85 (2000) (Pubitemid 30226638)
94. Y. Ozaki, R. Amakawa, T. Ito, H. Iwai, K. Tajima, K. Uehira, H. Kagawa, Y. Uemura, T. Yamashita and S. Fukuhara: Alteration of peripheral blood dendritic cells in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum, 44(2), 419-31 (2001)
95. N. Amft and S. J. Bowman: Chemokines and cell trafficking in Sjogren's syndrome. Scand J Immunol, 54(1-2), 62-9 (2001) (Pubitemid 32592329)
96. U. Bave, G. Nordmark, T. Lovgren, J. Ronnelid, S. Cajander, M. L. Eloranta, G. V. Alm and L. Ronnblom: Activation of the type I interferon system in primary Sjogren's syndrome: a possible etiopathogenic mechanism. Arthritis Rheum, 52(4), 1185-95 (2005) (Pubitemid 40530126)
97. J. E. Gottenberg, N. Cagnard, C. Lucchesi, F. Letourneur, S. Mistou, T. Lazure, S. Jacques, N. Ba, M. Ittah, C. Lepajolec, M. Labetoulle, M. Ardizzone, J. Sibilia, C. Fournier, G. Chiocchia and X. Mariette: Activation of IFN pathways and plasmacytoid dendritic cell recruitment in target organs of primary Sjogren's syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103(8), 2770-5 (2006)
98. G. Papaccio, A. De Luca, B. De Luca, F. A. Pisanti and S. Zarrilli: Detection of dendritic cells in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse islet pancreas infiltrate is correlated with Th2-cytokine production. J Cell Biochem, 74(3), 447-57 (1999) (Pubitemid 29344894)
99. G. Papaccio, F. Nicoletti, F. A. Pisanti, K. Bendtzen and M. Galdieri: Prevention of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice by transferring in vitro antigenpulsed syngeneic dendritic cells. Endocrinology, 141(4), 1500-5 (2000) (Pubitemid 32269119)
100. M. Shinomiya, S. Nadano, H. Shinomiya and M. Onji: In situ characterization of dendritic cells occurring in the islets of nonobese diabetic mice during the development of insulitis. Pancreas, 20(3), 290-6 (2000) (Pubitemid 30171783)
101. D. J. Weaver, Jr., B. Poligone, T. Bui, U. M. Abdel-Motal, A. S. Baldwin, Jr. and R. Tisch: Dendritic cells from nonobese diabetic mice exhibit a defect in NF-kappa B regulation due to a hyperactive I kappa B kinase. J Immunol, 167(3), 1461-8 (2001) (Pubitemid 32703145)
102. A. M. Marleau and B. Singh: Myeloid dendritic cells in non-obese diabetic mice have elevated costimulatory and T helper-1-inducing abilities. J Autoimmun, 19(1-2), 23-35 (2002) (Pubitemid 35205197)
103. K. L. Summers, M. T. Behme, J. L. Mahon and B. Singh: Characterization of dendritic cells in humans with type 1 diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1005, 226-9 (2003) (Pubitemid 38507759)
104. X. Liang, L. Ma, N. L. Thai, J. J. Fung, S. Qian and L. Lu: The role of liver-derived regulatory dendritic cells in prevention of type 1 diabetes. Immunology, 120(2), 251-60 (2007) (Pubitemid 46046323)
105. J. Lo and M. J. Clare-Salzler: Dendritic cell subsets and type I diabetes: focus upon DC-based therapy. Autoimmun Rev, 5(6), 419-23 (2006) (Pubitemid 44143036)
106. T. Krueger, U. Wohlrab, M. Klucken, M. Schott and J. Seissler: Autoantigen-specific protection of non-obese diabetic mice from cyclophosphamide-accelerated diabetes by vaccination with dendritic cells. Diabetologia, 46(10), 1357-65 (2003) (Pubitemid 37297206)
107. J. Banchereau, F. Briere, C. Caux, J. Davoust, S. Lebecque, Y. J. Liu, B. Pulendran and K. Palucka: Immunobiology of dendritic cells. Annu Rev Immunol, 18, 767-811 (2000) (Pubitemid 30365397)
108. E. J. McMahon, S. L. Bailey and S. D. Miller: CNS dendritic cells: critical participants in CNS inflammation? Neurochem Int, 49(2), 195-203 (2006) (Pubitemid 43867078)
109. National MS Society Sourcebook. http://www.nationalmssociety.org/pdf/ sourcebook/epidemio logy.pdf (12/20/06)
110. G. Rosati: The prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the world: an update. Neurol Sci, 22(2), 117-39 (2001) (Pubitemid 33771279)
111. National Multiple Sclerosis Society. http://www.nationalmssociety.org/ Research-FactSheet.asp (12/20/06)
112. M. H. Barnett, A. P. Henderson and J. W. Prineas: The macrophage in MS: just a scavenger after all? Pathology and pathogenesis of the acute MS lesion. Mult Scler, 12(2), 121-32 (2006)
113. R. Gold, C. Linington and H. Lassmann: Understanding pathogenesis and therapy of multiple sclerosis via animal models: 70 years of merits and culprits in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis research. Brain, 129(Pt 8), 1953-71 (2006) (Pubitemid 44289062)
114. S. M. Lee, Y. Morcos, H. Jang, J. M. Stuart and M. C. Levin: HTLV-1 induced molecular mimicry in neurological disease. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 296, 125-36 (2005) (Pubitemid 41667264)
115. P. V. Lehmann, T. Forsthuber, A. Miller and E. E. Sercarz: Spreading of T-cell autoimmunity to cryptic determinants of an autoantigen. Nature, 358(6382), 155-7 (1992)
116. M. Pashenkov, Y. M. Huang, V. Kostulas, M. Haglund, M. Soderstrom and H. Link: Two subsets of dendritic cells are present in human cerebrospinal fluid. Brain, 124(Pt 3), 480-92 (2001) (Pubitemid 32221315)
117. A. F. de Vos, M. van Meurs, H. P. Brok, L. A. Boven, R. Q. Hintzen, P. van der Valk, R. Ravid, S. Rensing, L. Boon, B. A. t Hart and J. D. Laman: Transfer of central nervous system autoantigens and presentation in secondary lymphoid organs. J Immunol, 169(10), 5415-23 (2002) (Pubitemid 35291638)
118. J. Plumb, M. A. Armstrong, M. Duddy, M. Mirakhur and S. McQuaid: CD83-positive dendritic cells are present in occasional perivascular cuffs in multiple sclerosis lesions. Mult Scler, 9(2), 142-7 (2003) (Pubitemid 36426988)
119. A. Pettersson, C. Ciumas, V. Chirsky, H. Link, Y. M. Huang and B. G. Xiao: Dendritic cells exposed to estrogen in vitro exhibit therapeutic effects in ongoing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol, 156(1-2), 58-65 (2004) (Pubitemid 39304185)
120. Y. C. Zang, S. M. Skinner, R. R. Robinson, S. Li, V. M. Rivera, G. J. Hutton and J. Z. Zhang: Regulation of differentiation and functional properties of monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells by interferon beta in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler, 10(5), 499-506 (2004) (Pubitemid 39207221)
121. A. Karni, M. Abraham, A. Monsonego, G. Cai, G. J. Freeman, D. Hafler, S. J. Khoury and H. L. Weiner: Innate Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis: Myeloid Dendritic Cells in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Are Activated and Drive a Proinflammatory Immune Response. J Immunol, 177(6), 4196-4202 (2006) (Pubitemid 44359955)
122. C. Lopez, M. Comabella, H. Al-zayat, M. Tintore and X. Montalban: Altered maturation of circulating dendritic cells in primary progressive MS patients. J Neuroimmunol, 175(1-2), 183-91 (2006) (Pubitemid 43765748)
123. M. Stasiolek, A. Bayas, N. Kruse, A. Wieczarkowiecz, K. V. Toyka, R. Gold and K. Selmaj: Impaired maturation and altered regulatory function of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in multiple sclerosis. Brain, 129(Pt 5), 1293-305 (2006)
124. B. Serafini, B. Rosicarelli, R. Magliozzi, E. Stigliano, E. Capello, G. L. Mancardi and F. Aloisi: Dendritic cells in multiple sclerosis lesions: maturation stage, myelin uptake, and interaction with proliferating T cells. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 65(2), 124-41 (2006)
125. L. McCoy, I. Tsunoda and R. S. Fujinami: Multiple sclerosis and virus induced immune responses: autoimmunity can be primed by molecular mimicry and augmented by bystander activation. Autoimmunity, 39(1), 9-19 (2006) (Pubitemid 43878516)
126. Y. Liu, W. Hao, M. Letiembre, S. Walter, M. Kulanga, H. Neumann and K. Fassbender: Suppression of microglial inflammatory activity by myelin phagocytosis: role of p47-PHOX-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species. J Neurosci, 26(50), 12904-13 (2006) (Pubitemid 44954610)
127. T. Olsson, M. Jagodic, F. Piehl and E. Wallstrom: Genetics of autoimmune neuroinflammation. Curr Opin Immunol, 18(6), 643-9 (2006) (Pubitemid 44740389)
128. H. Rus, C. Cudrici, F. Niculescu and M. L. Shin: Complement activation in autoimmune demyelination: dual role in neuroinflammation and neuroprotection. J Neuroimmunol, 180(1-2), 9-16 (2006) (Pubitemid 44692324)
129. R. B. Khan, T. E. Bertorini and M. C. Levin: HTLV-1 and its neurological complications. Neurologist, 7(5), 271-8 (2001) (Pubitemid 32946160)
130. M. C. Levin and S. Jacobson: HTLV-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP): a chronic progressive neurologic disease associated with immunologically mediated damage to the central nervous system. J Neurovirol, 3(2), 126-40 (1997) (Pubitemid 27182506)
131. M. C. Levin, M. Krichavsky, J. Berk, S. Foley, M. Rosenfeld, J. Dalmau, G. Chang, J. B. Posner and S. Jacobson: Neuronal molecular mimicry in immune-mediated neurologic disease. Ann Neurol, 44(1), 87-98 (1998) (Pubitemid 28323658)
132. M. C. Levin, S. M. Lee, F. Kalume, Y. Morcos, F. C. Dohan, Jr., K. A. Hasty, J. C. Callaway, J. Zunt, D. Desiderio and J. M. Stuart: Autoimmunity due to molecular mimicry as a cause of neurological disease. Nat Med, 8(5), 509-13 (2002) (Pubitemid 34546754)
133. B. J. Poiesz, F. W. Ruscetti, A. F. Gazdar, P. A. Bunn, J. D. Minna and R. C. Gallo: Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 77(12), 7415-9 (1980) (Pubitemid 11131140)
134. A. Gessain and G. de The: Geographic and molecular epidemiology of primate T lymphotropic retroviruses: HTLV-I, HTLV-II, STLV-I, STLV-PP, and PTLV-L. Adv Virus Res, 47, 377-426 (1996)
135. T. Uchiyama: Human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) and human diseases. Annu Rev Immunol, 15, 15-37 (1997) (Pubitemid 27169273)
136. M. Makino, S. Shimokubo, S. I. Wakamatsu, S. Izumo and M. Baba: The role of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected dendritic cells in the development of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. J Virol, 73(6), 4575-81 (1999) (Pubitemid 29246715)
137. M. Osame: Pathological mechanisms of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP). J Neurovirol, 8(5), 359-64 (2002) (Pubitemid 35446706)
138. P. Hollsberg and D. A. Hafler: Seminars in medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston. Pathogenesis of diseases induced by human lymphotropic virus type I infection. N Engl J Med, 328(16), 1173-82 (1993) (Pubitemid 23105757)
139. S. E. Macatonia, J. K. Cruickshank, P. Rudge and S. C. Knight: Dendritic cells from patients with tropical spastic paraparesis are infected with HTLV-1 and stimulate autologous lymphocyte proliferation. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 8(9), 1699-706 (1992)
140. C. R. Bangham: HTLV-1 infections. J Clin Pathol, 53(8), 581-6 (2000) (Pubitemid 30640167)
141. E. Hanon, S. Hall, G. P. Taylor, M. Saito, R. Davis, Y. Tanaka, K. Usuku, M. Osame, J. N. Weber and C. R. Bangham: Abundant tax protein expression in CD4+ T cells infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is prevented by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Blood, 95(4), 1386-92 (2000) (Pubitemid 30099851)
142. S. Jacobson: Cellular immune responses to HTLV-I: immunopathogenic role in HTLV-I-associated neurologic disease. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 13 Suppl 1, S100-6 (1996)
143. A. Ali, S. Patterson, K. Cruickshank, P. Rudge, A. G. Dalgleish and S. C. Knight: Dendritic cells infected in vitro with human T cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus type-1 (HTLV-1); enhanced lymphocytic proliferation and tropical spastic paraparesis. Clin Exp Immunol, 94(1), 32-7 (1993) (Pubitemid 23308361)
144. S. C. Knight, S. E. Macatonia, K. Cruickshank, P. Rudge and S. Patterson: Dendritic cells in HIV-1 and HTLV-1 infection. Adv Exp Med Biol, 329, 545-9 (1993) (Pubitemid 23199682)
145. L. Cartier and E. Ramirez: Presence of HTLV-I Tax protein in cerebrospinal fluid from HAM/TSP patients. Arch Virol, 150(4), 743-53 (2005) (Pubitemid 40560822)
146. C. R. Bangham: The immune control and cell-to-cell spread of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1. J Gen Virol, 84(Pt 12), 3177-89 (2003) (Pubitemid 37540747)
147. M. Makino, A. Utsunomiya, Y. Maeda, S. Shimokubo, S. Izumo and M. Baba: Association of CD40 ligand expression on HTLV-I-infected T cells and maturation of dendritic cells. Scand J Immunol, 54(6), 574-81 (2001) (Pubitemid 34131766)
148. P. E. Ceccaldi, F. Delebecque, M. C. Prevost, A. Moris, J. P. Abastado, A. Gessain, O. Schwartz and S. Ozden: DC-SIGN facilitates fusion of dendritic cells with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-infected cells. J Virol, 80(10), 4771-80 (2006)
149. M. Hishizawa, K. Imada, T. Kitawaki, M. Ueda, N. Kadowaki and T. Uchiyama: Depletion and impaired interferon-alpha-producing capacity of blood plasmacytoid dendritic cells in human T-cell leukaemia virus type I-infected individuals. Br J Haematol, 125(5), 568-75 (2004) (Pubitemid 38747958)
150. M. Makino, M. Azuma, S. I. Wakamatsu, Y. Suruga, S. Izumo, M. M. Yokoyama and M. Baba: Marked suppression of T cells by a benzothiophene derivative in patients with human T-lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 6(3), 316-22 (1999) (Pubitemid 29226798)
151. J. L. Cummings and G. Cole: Alzheimer disease. Jama, 287(18), 2335-8 (2002) (Pubitemid 34493187)
152. M. K. Samanta, B. Wilson, K. Santhi, K. P. Kumar and B. Suresh: Alzheimer disease and its management: a review. Am J Ther, 13(6), 516-26 (2006) (Pubitemid 44813682)
153. Alzheimer's Association. http://www.alz.org/alzheimer-statistics.asp#1 (1/9/07)
154. L. E. Hebert, P. A. Scherr, J. L. Bienias, D. A. Bennett and D. A. Evans: Alzheimer disease in the US population: prevalence estimates using the 2000 census. Arch Neurol, 60(8), 1119-22 (2003) (Pubitemid 36975801)
155. D. A. Evans, H. H. Funkenstein, M. S. Albert, P. A. Scherr, N. R. Cook, M. J. Chown, L. E. Hebert, C. H. Hennekens and J. O. Taylor: Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in a community population of older persons. Higher than previously reported. Jama, 262(18), 2551-6 (1989)
156. S. Gao, H. C. Hendrie, K. S. Hall and S. Hui: The relationships between age, sex, and the incidence of dementia and Alzheimer disease: a meta-analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(9), 809-15 (1998) (Pubitemid 28413043)
157. E. von Strauss, M. Viitanen, D. De Ronchi, B. Winblad and L. Fratiglioni: Aging and the occurrence of dementia: findings from a population-based cohort with a large sample of nonagenarians. Arch Neurol, 56(5), 587-92 (1999) (Pubitemid 29218154)
158. T. Town, V. Nikolic and J. Tan: The microglial "activation" continuum: from innate to adaptive responses. J Neuroinflammation, 2, 24 (2005)
159. E. Capetillo-Zarate, M. Staufenbiel, D. Abramowski, C. Haass, A. Escher, C. Stadelmann, H. Yamaguchi, O. D. Wiestler and D. R. Thal: Selective vulnerability of different types of commissural neurons for amyloid beta-proteininduced neurodegeneration in APP23 mice correlates with dendritic tree morphology. Brain, 129(Pt 11), 2992-3005 (2006) (Pubitemid 44684520)
160. L. Meda, M. A. Cassatella, G. I. Szendrei, L. Otvos, Jr., P. Baron, M. Villalba, D. Ferrari and F. Rossi: Activation of microglial cells by beta-amyloid protein and interferongamma. Nature, 374(6523), 647-50 (1995)
161. E. G. McGeer and P. L. McGeer: The importance of inflammatory mechanisms in Alzheimer disease. Exp Gerontol, 33(5), 371-8 (1998) (Pubitemid 28354931)
162. M. I. Brazil, H. Chung and F. R. Maxfield: Effects of incorporation of immunoglobulin G and complement component C1q on uptake and degradation of Alzheimer's disease amyloid fibrils by microglia. J Biol Chem, 275(22), 16941-7 (2000) (Pubitemid 30398933)
163. D. M. Paresce, H. Chung and F. R. Maxfield: Slow degradation of aggregates of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid beta-protein by microglial cells. J Biol Chem, 272(46), 29390-7 (1997) (Pubitemid 27498234)
164. D. M. Paresce, R. N. Ghosh and F. R. Maxfield: Microglial cells internalize aggregates of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid beta-protein via a scavenger receptor. Neuron, 17(3), 553-65 (1996) (Pubitemid 26322226)
165. H. Chung, M. I. Brazil, M. C. Irizarry, B. T. Hyman and F. R. Maxfield: Uptake of fibrillar beta-amyloid by microglia isolated from MSR-A (type I and type II) knockout mice. Neuroreport, 12(6), 1151-4 (2001) (Pubitemid 32374734)
166. T. L. Schmitt, M. M. Steger, M. Pavelka and B. Grubeck-Loebenstein: Interactions of the Alzheimer beta amyloid fragment (25-35) with peripheral blood dendritic cells. Mech Ageing Dev, 94(1-3), 223-32 (1997) (Pubitemid 27216110)
167. S. B. Prusiner: Shattuck lecture-neurodegenerative diseases and prions. N Engl J Med, 344(20), 1516-26 (2001)
168. S. M. Uptain and S. Lindquist: Prions as protein-based genetic elements. Annu Rev Microbiol, 56, 703-41 (2002) (Pubitemid 35217472)
169. S. Vojvodic: [Prions-clinical significance, epidemiology and possibilities of transmission through blood and blood products]. Med Pregl, 55(5-6), 217-20 (2002)
170. L. G. Goldfarb, R. B. Petersen, M. Tabaton, P. Brown, A. C. LeBlanc, P. Montagna, P. Cortelli, J. Julien, C. Vital, W. W. Pendelbury and et al.: Fatal familial insomnia and familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: disease phenotype determined by a DNA polymorphism. Science, 258(5083), 806-8 (1992)
171. A. Ladogana, M. Puopolo, E. A. Croes, H. Budka, C. Jarius, S. Collins, G. M. Klug, T. Sutcliffe, A. Giulivi, A. Alperovitch, N. Delasnerie-Laupretre, J. P. Brandel, S. Poser, H. Kretzschmar, I. Rietveld, E. Mitrova, P. Cuesta Jde, P. Martinez-Martin, M. Glatzel, A. Aguzzi, R. Knight, H. Ward, M. Pocchiari, C. M. van Duijn, R. G. Will and I. Zerr: Mortality from Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and related disorders in Europe, Australia, and Canada. Neurology, 64(9), 1586-91 (2005) (Pubitemid 40617696)
172. M. E. Bruce, K. L. Brown, N. A. Mabbott, C. F. Farquhar and M. Jeffrey: Follicular dendritic cells in TSE pathogenesis. Immunol Today, 21(9), 442-6 (2000)
173. P. Aucouturier, F. Geissmann, D. Damotte, G. P. Saborio, H. C. Meeker, R. Kascsak, R. Kascsak, R. I. Carp and T. Wisniewski: Infected splenic dendritic cells are sufficient for prion transmission to the CNS in mouse scrapie. J Clin Invest, 108(5), 703-8 (2001) (Pubitemid 32906198)
174. K. L. Brown, K. Stewart, D. L. Ritchie, N. A. Mabbott, A. Williams, H. Fraser, W. I. Morrison and M. E. Bruce: Scrapie replication in lymphoid tissues depends on prion protein-expressing follicular dendritic cells. Nat Med, 5(11), 1308-12 (1999) (Pubitemid 29535610)
175. J. Mohan, K. L. Brown, C. F. Farquhar, M. E. Bruce and N. A. Mabbott: Scrapie transmission following exposure through the skin is dependent on follicular dendritic cells in lymphoid tissues. J Dermatol Sci, 35(2), 101-11 (2004) (Pubitemid 38969033)
176. N. A. Mabbott, M. E. Bruce, M. Botto, M. J. Walport and M. B. Pepys: Temporary depletion of complement component C3 or genetic deficiency of C1q significantly delays onset of scrapie. Nat Med, 7(4), 485-7 (2001) (Pubitemid 32298553)
177. F. P. Huang, C. F. Farquhar, N. A. Mabbott, M. E. Bruce and G. G. MacPherson: Migrating intestinal dendritic cells transport PrP (Sc) from the gut. J Gen Virol, 83(Pt 1), 267-71 (2002) (Pubitemid 34030831)
178. M. Sugaya, K. Nakamura, T. Watanabe, A. Asahina, N. Yasaka, Y. Koyama, M. Kusubata, Y. Ushiki, K. Kimura, A. Morooka, S. Irie, T. Yokoyama, K. Inoue, S. Itohara and K. Tamaki: Expression of cellular prion-related protein by murine Langerhans cells and keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci, 28(2), 126-34 (2002) (Pubitemid 34155341)
179. K. M. Luhr, R. P. Wallin, H. G. Ljunggren, P. Low, A. Taraboulos and K. Kristensson: Processing and degradation of exogenous prion protein by CD11c (+) myeloid dendritic cells in vitro. J Virol, 76(23), 12259-64 (2002) (Pubitemid 35304323)
180. M. Prinz, M. Heikenwalder, T. Junt, P. Schwarz, M. Glatzel, F. L. Heppner, Y. X. Fu, M. Lipp and A. Aguzzi: Positioning of follicular dendritic cells within the spleen controls prion neuroinvasion. Nature, 425(6961), 957-62 (2003) (Pubitemid 37376926)
181. J. Mohan, M. E. Bruce and N. A. Mabbott: Neuroinvasion by scrapie following inoculation via the skin is independent of migratory Langerhans cells. J Virol, 79(3), 1888-97 (2005) (Pubitemid 40459133)
182. B. Rosicarelli, B. Serafini, M. Sbriccoli, M. Lu, F. Cardone, M. Pocchiari and F. Aloisi: Migration of dendritic cells into the brain in a mouse model of prion disease. J Neuroimmunol, 165(1-2), 114-20 (2005) (Pubitemid 40984628)
183. R. M. Steinman, D. Hawiger and M. C. Nussenzweig: Tolerogenic dendritic cells. Annu Rev Immunol, 21, 685-711 (2003) (Pubitemid 37174545)
184. H. Jonuleit and E. Schmitt: The regulatory T cell family: distinct subsets and their interrelations. J Immunol, 171(12), 6323-7 (2003) (Pubitemid 37532056)
185. L. Cederbom, H. Hall and F. Ivars: CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells down-regulate co-stimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells. Eur J Immunol, 30(6), 1538-43 (2000) (Pubitemid 30342794)
186. I. P. Lewkowich, N. S. Herman, K. W. Schleifer, M. P. Dance, B. L. Chen, K. M. Dienger, A. A. Sproles, J. S. Shah, J. Kohl, Y. Belkaid and M. Wills-Karp: CD4+CD25+ T cells protect against experimentally induced asthma and alter pulmonary dendritic cell phenotype and function. J Exp Med, 202(11), 1549-61 (2005) (Pubitemid 41746601)
187. N. Misra, J. Bayry, S. Lacroix-Desmazes, M. D. Kazatchkine and S. V. Kaveri: Cutting edge: human CD4+CD25+ T cells restrain the maturation and antigenpresenting function of dendritic cells. J Immunol, 172(8), 4676-80 (2004) (Pubitemid 38456386)
188. K. Sato, S. Tateishi, K. Kubo, T. Mimura, K. Yamamoto and H. Kanda: Downregulation of IL-12 and a novel negative feedback system mediated by CD25+CD4+ T cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 330(1), 226-32 (2005) (Pubitemid 40394956)
189. P. Serra, A. Amrani, J. Yamanouchi, B. Han, S. Thiessen, T. Utsugi, J. Verdaguer and P. Santamaria: CD40 ligation releases immature dendritic cells from the control of regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells. Immunity, 19(6), 877-89 (2003) (Pubitemid 37542307)
190. Q. Tang and J. A. Bluestone: Regulatory T-cell physiology and application to treat autoimmunity. Immunol Rev, 212, 217-37 (2006) (Pubitemid 44116711)
191. A. E. Morelli and A. W. Thomson: Dendritic cells: regulators of alloimmunity and opportunities for tolerance induction. Immunol Rev, 196, 125-46 (2003) (Pubitemid 37468108)
192. T. R. Mempel, S. E. Henrickson and U. H. Von Andrian: T-cell priming by dendritic cells in lymph nodes occurs in three distinct phases. Nature, 427(6970), 154-9 (2004) (Pubitemid 38094955)
193. M. J. Miller, O. Safrina, I. Parker and M. D. Cahalan: Imaging the single cell dynamics of CD4+ T cell activation by dendritic cells in lymph nodes. J Exp Med, 200(7), 847-56 (2004) (Pubitemid 39362921)
194. S. Hugues, L. Fetler, L. Bonifaz, J. Helft, F. Amblard and S. Amigorena: Distinct T cell dynamics in lymph nodes during the induction of tolerance and immunity. Nat Immunol, 5(12), 1235-42 (2004) (Pubitemid 41057738)
195. S. Rutella and R. M. Lemoli: Regulatory T cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells: from basic biology to clinical applications. Immunol Lett, 94(1-2), 11-26 (2004) (Pubitemid 38953707)
196. N. Watanabe, Y. H. Wang, H. K. Lee, T. Ito, Y. H. Wang, W. Cao and Y. J. Liu: Hassall's corpuscles instruct dendritic cells to induce CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in human thymus. Nature, 436(7054), 1181-5 (2005) (Pubitemid 41232298)
197. A. A. Manfredi, M. G. Sabbadini and P. Rovere-Querini: Dendritic cells and the shadow line between autoimmunity and disease. Arthritis Rheum, 52(1), 11-5 (2005) (Pubitemid 40129227)
198. D. K. Banerjee, M. V. Dhodapkar, E. Matayeva, R. M. Steinman and K. M. Dhodapkar: Expansion of FOXP3high regulatory T cells by human dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro and after injection of cytokine-matured DCs in myeloma patients. Blood, 108(8), 2655-61 (2006)
199. S. Yamazaki, K. Inaba, K. V. Tarbell and R. M. Steinman: Dendritic cells expand antigen-specific Foxp3+ CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells including suppressors of alloreactivity. Immunol Rev, 212, 314-29 (2006) (Pubitemid 44116717)
200. K. D. Moudgil and E. E. Sercarz: The self-directed T cell repertoire: its creation and activation. Rev Immunogenet, 2(1), 26-37 (2000) (Pubitemid 30142481)
201. J. G. Cyster: Lymphoid organ development and cell migration. Immunol Rev, 195, 5-14 (2003) (Pubitemid 37153449)
202. A. A. Itano and M. K. Jenkins: Antigen presentation to naive CD4 T cells in the lymph node. Nat Immunol, 4(8), 733-9 (2003) (Pubitemid 36986756)
203. A. A. Itano, S. J. McSorley, R. L. Reinhardt, B. D. Ehst, E. Ingulli, A. Y. Rudensky and M. K. Jenkins: Distinct dendritic cell populations sequentially present antigen to CD4 T cells and stimulate different aspects of cell-mediated immunity. Immunity, 19(1), 47-57 (2003) (Pubitemid 36859900)
204. C. E. Tadokoro, G. Shakhar, S. Shen, Y. Ding, A. C. Lino, A. Maraver, J. J. Lafaille and M. L. Dustin: Regulatory T cells inhibit stable contacts between CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells in vivo. J Exp Med, 203(3), 505-11 (2006)
205. Q. Tang, J. Y. Adams, A. J. Tooley, M. Bi, B. T. Fife, P. Serra, P. Santamaria, R. M. Locksley, M. F. Krummel and J. A. Bluestone: Visualizing regulatory T cell control of autoimmune responses in nonobese diabetic mice. Nat Immunol, 7(1), 83-92 (2006) (Pubitemid 41823872)
206. J. Machen, J. Harnaha, R. Lakomy, A. Styche, M. Trucco and N. Giannoukakis: Antisense oligonucleotides down-regulating costimulation confer diabetes-preventive properties to nonobese diabetic mouse dendritic cells. J Immunol, 173(7), 4331-41 (2004) (Pubitemid 39280661)
207. K. V. Tarbell, S. Yamazaki, K. Olson, P. Toy and R. M. Steinman: CD25+ CD4+ T cells, expanded with dendritic cells presenting a single autoantigenic peptide, suppress autoimmune diabetes. J Exp Med, 199(11), 1467-77 (2004) (Pubitemid 38780402)
208. M. Chen, L. Huang and J. Wang: Deficiency of Bim in dendritic cells contributes to over-activation of lymphocytes and autoimmunity. Blood (2007)
209. J. M. Blander and R. Medzhitov: Toll-dependent selection of microbial antigens for presentation by dendritic cells. Nature, 440(7085), 808-12 (2006)