Cross-functionality and innovation in new product development teams: A dilemmatic structure and its consequences for the management of diversity

European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology

Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 431-458

  Gebert, Diether ^a   Boerner, Sabine ^b   Kearney, Eric ^a  

^a TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KONSTANZ   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33751088806     PISSN: 1359432X     EISSN: 14640643     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13594320600826314     Document Type: Article

References (110)

1. Alper, S. and Tjosvold, D. and Law, K. (2000) Conflict management, efficacy and performance in organizational teams Personnel Psychology, 53, pp. 625-642.
2. Amabile, T.(1996) Creativity in context: Update to the social psychology of creativity. Boulder CO: Westview Press.
3. Amason, A. (1996) Distinguishing the effects of functional and dysfunctional conflict on strategic decision making: Resolving a paradox for top management teams Academy of Management Journal, 39, pp. 123-148.
4. Ancona, D. and Caldwell, D. (1992) Demography and design: Predictors of new product team performance Organization Science, 3, pp. 321-341.
5. Atuahene-Gima, K. (2003) The effects of centrifugal and centripetal forces on product development speed and quality: How does problem solving matter? Academy of Management Journal, 46, pp. 359-373.
6. Barry, B. and Bateman, T. (1996) A social trap analysis of the management of diversity Academy of Management Review, 21, pp. 757-790.
7. Bass, B.(1998) Transformational leadership: Industry, military, and educational impact. Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
8. Bass, B. and Avolio, B.(1994) Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Thousand Oaks CA: Sage.
9. Bettencourt, B. and Brewer, M. and Croak, M. and Miller, N. (1992) Cooperation and the reduction of intergroup bias: The role of reward structure and social orientation Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28, pp. 301-319.
10. Bond, E. and Walker, B. and Hutt, M. and Reingen, P. (2004) Reputational effectiveness in cross-functional working relationships Journal of Product Innovation Management, 21, pp. 44-61.
11. Brauner, E. and Becker, A.(2001) Wormholes to organizational expertise: The management of meta-knowledge. In Organizational learning and knowledge management: New directions. (pp. 31-48). London ON: Richard Ivey School of Business.
12. Brewer, M.(1996) Managing diversity: Can we reap the benefits without paying the costs?. In Diversity in workteams: Paradigms for changing workplace. (pp. 47-68). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
13. Brewer, M. and Brown, R.(1998) Intergroup relations. In Handbook of social psychology. (pp. 554-594). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
14. Brodbeck, F. and Kerschreiter, R. and Mojzisch, A. and Frey, D. and Schulz-Hardt, S. (2002) The dissemination of critical, unshared information in decision-making groups: The effects of pre-discussion dissent European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, pp. 35-56.
15. Brown, S. and Eisenhardt, K. (1995) Product development: Past research, present findings, and future directions Academy of Management Review, 20, pp. 343-378.
16. Bunderson, J. and Sutcliffe, K. (2002) Comparing alternative conceptualizations of functional diversity in management teams: Process and performance effects Academy of Management Journal, 45, pp. 875-893.
17. Byrne, D.(1969) Attitudes and attraction. In Advances in experimental social psychology. (pp. 35-89). New York: Academic Press.
18. Caldwell, D. and O'Reilly, C. (2003) The determinants of team-based innovation in organizations: The role of social influence Small Group Research, 34, pp. 497-517.
19. Carroll, G. and Harrison, J. (1998) Organizational demography and culture: Insights from a formal model and simulation Administrative Science Quarterly, 43, pp. 637-667.
20. Chatman, J. and Polzer, J. and Barsade, S. and Neale, M. (1998) Being different yet feeling similar: The influence of demographic composition and organizational culture on work processes and outcomes Administrative Science Quarterly, 43, pp. 749-780.
21. Chattopadhyay, P. and Tluchowska, M. and George, E. (2004) Identifying the ingroup: A closer look at the influence of demographic dissimilarity on employee social identity Academy of Management Review, 29, pp. 180-202.
22. Cohen, W. and Levinthal, D. (1990) Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, pp. 128-152.
23. Cooke, R. and Szumal, J. (1994) The impact of group interaction styles on problem-solving effectiveness Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 30, pp. 415-437.
24. De Dreu, C. and Beersma, B. (2005) Conflict in organizations: Beyond effectiveness and performance European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 14, pp. 105-117.
25. De Dreu, C. and Weingart, L. (2003) Task versus relationship conflict, team performance, and team member satisfaction: A meta-analysis Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, pp. 741-749.
26. Dougherty, D. (1992) Interpretive barriers to successful product innovation in large firms Organization Science, 3, pp. 179-202.
27. Dougherty, D.(1996) Organizing for innovation. In Handbook of organization studies. (pp. 424-439). London: Sage.
28. Edmondson, A. (1999) Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, pp. 350-383.
29. Ely, R. and Thomas, D. (2001) Cultural diversity at work: The effects of diversity perspectives on work group processes and outcomes Administrative Science Quarterly, 46, pp. 229-273.
30. Frey, D. and Schulz-Hardt, S. and Stahlberg, D.(1996) Information seeking among individuals and groups and possible consequences for decision making in business and politics. In Understanding group behavior: Small group processes and interpersonal relations. (pp. 211-227). Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
31. Gaertner, S. and Dovidio, J. and Mann, J. and Murrell, A. and Pomare, M. (1990) How does cooperation reduce intergroup bias? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, pp. 692-704.
32. Gaertner, S. and Dovidio, J. and Rust, M. and Nier, J. and Banker, B. and Ward, C. and (1999) Reducing intergroup bias: Elements of intergroup cooperation Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76, pp. 388-402.
33. Gibson, C. and Vermeulen, F. (2003) A healthy divide: Subgroups as a stimulus for team learning behavior Administrative Science Quarterly, 48, pp. 202-239.
34. Gilson, L. and Shalley, C. and Milne, S.(2002). The critical role of creativity in the relationship between team processes and performance. Paper presented at the meeting of the Academy of Management DenverCOUSA. In [pp.].
35. Godener, A. and Söderquist, K. (2004) Use and impact of performance measurement results in R&D and NPD: An explanatory study R&D Management, 34, pp. 191-220.
36. Govindarajan, V. and Gupta, A. (2001) Building an effective global business MIT Sloan Management Review 42, pp. 63-71.
37. Gruenfeld, D. and Fan, E.(1999) What newcomers see and what oldtimers say: Discontinuities in knowledge exchange. In Shared cognition in organizations: The management of knowledge (pp. 245-266). Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
38. Hambrick, D. and Li, J. and Xin, K. and Tsui, A. (2001) Compositional gaps and downward spirals in international joint venture management groups Strategic Management Journal, 22, pp. 1033-1053.
39. Harrison, D. and Klein, K.What's the difference? Diversity constructs as separation, variety, or disparity in organizations Academy of Management Review.
40. Harrison, D. and Price, K. and Bell, M. (1998) Beyond relational demography: Time and the effects of surface- and deep-level diversity on work group cohesion Academy of Management Journal, 41, pp. 96-107.
41. Hogg, M. and Abrams, D. and Otten, S. and Hinkle, S. (2004) The social identity perspective: Intergroup relations, self-conception, and small groups Small Group Research, 35, pp. 246-276.
42. Hogg, M. and Terry, D. (2000) Social identity and self-categorization processes in organizational contexts Academy of Management Review, 25, pp. 121-140.
43. Jackson, J.(1965) Structural characteristics of norms. In Current studies in social psychology. (pp. 301-309). New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
44. Jackson, S. and May, K. and Whitney, K.(1995) Understanding the dynamics of diversity in decision-making teams. In Team effectiveness and decision making in organizations. (pp. 204-261). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
45. Jackson, S. and Joshi, A. and Erhardt, N. (2003) Recent research on team and organizational diversity: SWOT analysis and implications Journal of Management, 29, pp. 801-830.
46. Janis, I.(1982) Groupthink. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
47. Jehn, K. (1995) A multimethod examination of the benefit and detriments of intragroup conflict Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, pp. 256-282.
48. Jehn, K. and Bezrukova, K. (2004) A field study of group diversity, workgroup context, and performance Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, pp. 703-729.
49. Jehn, K. and Mannix, E. (2001) The dynamic nature of conflict: A longitudinal study of intragroup conflict and group performance Academy of Management Journal, 44, pp. 238-251.
50. Jehn, K. and Northcraft, G. and Neale, M. (1999) Why differences make a difference: A field study of diversity, conflict, and performance in workgroups Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, pp. 741-763.
51. Kane, A. and Argote, L. and Levine, J.(2002). Social identity and knowledge transfer between groups. Paper presented at the meeting of the Academy of Management DenverCOUSA. In [pp.].
52. Katila, R. and Ahuja, G. (2002) Something old, something new: A longitudinal study of search behavior and new product introductions Academy of Management Journal, 45, pp. 1183-1194.
53. Keller, R. (1992) Transformational leadership and the performance of research and development project groups Journal of Management, 18, pp. 489-501.
54. Keller, R. (2001) Cross-functional project groups in research and new product development: Diversity, communications, job stress, and outcomes Academy of Management Journal, 44, pp. 547-555.
55. Klimoski, R. and Mohammed, S. (1994) Team mental model: Construct or metaphor? Journal of Management, 20, pp. 403-437.
56. Knight, D. and Pearce, C. and Smith, K. and Olian, J. and Sims, H. and Smith, K. and Flood, P. (1999) Top management team diversity, group process, and strategic consensus Strategic Management Journal, 20, pp. 445-465.
57. Lau, D. and Murnighan, J. (1998) Demographic diversity and faultlines: The compositional dynamics of organizational groups Academy of Management Review, 23, pp. 325-340.
58. Lawrence, B. (1997) The black box of organizational demography Organization Science, 8, pp. 1-22.
59. Lazarus, R.(1991) Emotion and adaptation. New York: Oxford University Press.
60. Leonard, N. and Beauvais, L. and Scholl, R. (1999) Work motivation: The incorporation of self-concept-based processes Human Relations, 52, pp. 969-987.
61. Lord, R. and Brown, D. and Freiberg, S. (1999) Understanding the dynamics of leadership: The role of follower self-concepts in the leader/ follower relationship Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 78, pp. 167-203.
62. Lovelace, K. and Shapiro, D. and Weingart, L. (2001) Maximizing cross-functional new product teams' innovativeness and constraint adherence: A conflict communications perspective Academy of Management Journal, 44, pp. 779-793.
63. Maruyama, M. (2004) Polyocular vision or subunderstanding Organization Studies, 25, pp. 467-480.
64. Mathieu, J. and Goodwin, G. and Heffner, T. and Salas, E. and Cannon-Bowers, A. (2000) The influence of shared mental models on team process and performance Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, pp. 273-283.
65. McGrath, J. and Bordahl, J. and Arrow, H.(1996) Traits, expectations, culture, and clout: The dynamics of diversity in work groups. In Diversity in work teams. (pp. 17-45). Washington: APA Press.
66. McGrath, R. and MacMillan, L. and Venkatraman, S. (1995) Defining and developing competence: A strategic process paradigm Strategic Management Journal, 16, pp. 251-275.
67. Michaelsen, L. and Watson, W. and Black, R. (1989) A realistic test of individual versus group consensus decision making Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, pp. 834-839.
68. Milliken, F. and Martins, L. (1996) Searching for common threads: Understanding the multiple effects of diversity in organizational groups Academy of Management Review, 21, pp. 402-433.
69. Mohammed, S. and Ringseis, E. (2001) Cognitive diversity and consensus in group decision making: The role of inputs, processes, and outcomes Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 85, pp. 310-335.
70. Oakes, P. and Turner, J. and Haslam, S. (1991) Perceiving people as group members: The role of fit in the salience of social categorizations British Journal of Social Psychology, 30, pp. 125-144.
71. Okhuysen, G. and Eisenhardt, K. (2002) Integrating knowledge in groups: How formal interventions enable flexibility Organization Science, 13, pp. 370-386.
72. Pelled, L. (1996) Demographic diversity, conflict, and work group outcomes: An interventing process theory Organization Science, 7, pp. 615-631.
73. Pelled, L. and Eisenhardt, K. and Xin, K. (1999) Exploring the black box: An analysis of group work diversity, conflict, and performance Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, pp. 1-28.
74. Pfeffer, J.(1983) Organizational demography. In Research in organizational behavior. (pp. 299-357). Greenwich CT: JAI Press.
75. Phillips, K. and Mannix, E. and Neale, M. and Gruenfeld, D. (2004) Diverse groups and information sharing: The effects of congruent ties Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, pp. 497-510.
76. Polzer, J. and Milton, L. and Swann, W., Jr. (2002) Capitalizing on diversity: Interpersonal congruence in small work groups Administrative Science Quarterly, 47, pp. 296-324.
77. Reagans, R. and McEvily, B. (2003) Network structure and knowledge transfer: The effects of cohesion and range Administrative Science Quarterly, 48, pp. 240-267.
78. Reagans, R. and Zuckerman, E. (2001) Networks, diversity, and productivity: The social capital of corporate R&D teams Organization Science, 12, pp. 502-517.
79. Saavedra, R. and Earley, P. and van Dyne, L. (1993) Complex interdependence in task-performing groups Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, pp. 61-72.
80. Schippers, M. and Den Hartog, D. and Koopman, P. and Wienk, J. (2003) Diversity and team outcomes: The moderating effects of outcome interdependence and group longevity and the mediating effect of reflexivity Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(6), pp. 779-802.
81. Schneider, B. and Smith, D. and Taylor, S. and Fleenor, J. (1998) Personality and organizations: A test of the homogeneity of personality hypothesis Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, pp. 462-470.
82. Schneider, S. and Northcraft, G. (1999) Three social dilemmas of workforce diversity in organizations: A social identity perspective Human Relations, 52, pp. 1445-1467.
83. Schulz-Hardt, S. and Frey, D. and Lüthgens, C. and Moscovici, S. (2000) Biased information search in group decision making Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, pp. 655-669.
84. Sethi, R. and Nicholson, C. (2001) Structural and contextual correlates of charged behavior in product development teams Journal of Product Innovation Management, 18, pp. 154-168.
85. Shamir, B. and House, R. and Arthur, M. (1993) The motivational effects of charismatic leadership: A self-concept based theory Organization Science, 4, pp. 577-594.
86. Sheremata, W. (2000) Centrifugal and centripetal forces in radical new product development under time pressure Academy of Management Review, 25, pp. 398-408.
87. Sicotte, H. and Langley, A. (2000) Integration mechanisms and R&D project performance Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 17 pp. 1-37.
88. Simons, T. and Pelled, L. and Smith, K. (1999) Making use of difference: Diversity, debate, and decision comprehensiveness in top management teams Academy of Management Journal, 42, pp. 662-673.
89. Simons, T. and Peterson, R. (2000) Task conflict and relationship conflict in top management teams: The pivotal role of intragroup trust Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, pp. 102-111.
90. Stasser, G. and Titus, W. (1985) Pooling of unshared information in group decision making: Biased information sampling during group discussion Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, pp. 1467-1478.
91. Swann, W., Jr. and Polzer, J. and Seyle, D. and Ko, S. (2004) Finding value in diversity: Verification of personal and social self-views in diverse groups Academy of Management Review, 29, pp. 9-27.
92. Taggar, S. (2002) Individual creativity and group ability to utilize individual creative resources: A multilevel model Academy of Management Journal, 45, pp. 315-330.
93. Tajfel, H.(1981) Human groups and social categories: Studies in social psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
94. Thamhain, H. (2003) Managing innovative R&D teams R&D Management, 33, pp. 297-311.
95. Thatcher, S. and Jehn, K. and Zanutto, E. (2003) Cracks in diversity research: The effects of diversity faultlines on conflict and performance Group Decision and Negotiation, 12, pp. 217-241.
96. Tjosvold, D. (1986) Constructive controversy: A key strategy for groups Personnel, 63, pp. 39-44.
97. Tjosvold, D.(1997) Conflict within interdependence: Its value for productivity and individuality. In Using conflict in organizations. (pp. 39-52). London: Sage.
98. Tjosvold, D. and Hui, C. and Yu, Z. (2003) Conflict management and task reflexivity for team in-role and extra-role performance in China International Journal of Conflict Management, 14, pp. 141-163.
99. Van der Vegt, G. and Bunderson, J. (2005) Learning and performance in multidisciplinary teams: The importance of collective team identification Academy of Management Journal, 48, pp. 532-547.
100. Van Knippenberg, D. and de Dreu, C. and Homan, A. (2004) Work group diversity and group performance: An integrative model and research agenda Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, pp. 1008-1022.
101. Van Knippenberg, D. and Haslam, S.(2003) Realizing the diversity dividend: Exploring the subtle interplay between identity, ideology and reality. In Social identity at work: Developing theory for organizational practice. (pp. 205-221). New York: Taylor & Francis.
102. Wageman, R. (1995) Interdependence and group effectiveness Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, pp. 145-180.
103. Wageman, R. (2001) How leaders foster self-managing team effectiveness: Design choices versus hands-on coaching Organization Science, 12, pp. 559-577.
104. Webber, S. and Donahue, L. (2001) Impact of highly and less job-related diversity on work group cohesion and performance: A meta-analysis Journal of Management, 27, pp. 141-162.
105. Wegner, D.(1987) Transactive memory: A contemporary analysis of the group mind. In Theories of group behavior. (pp. 185-208). New York: Springer.
106. Wegner, D. (1995) A computer network model of human transactive memory Social Cognition, 13, pp. 319-339.
107. West, M. (2000) Reflexivity, revolution, and innovation in work teams Advances in Interdisciplinary Studies of Work Teams, 5, pp. 1-29.
108. Williams, K. and O'Reilly, C. (1998) Demography and diversity in organizations: A review of 40 years of research Research in Organizational Behavior, 20, pp. 77-140.
109. Xie, J. and Song, M. and Stringfellow, A. (2003) Antecedents and consequences of goal incongruity on new product development in five countries: A marketing view Journal of Product Innovation Management, 20, pp. 233-250.
110. Zahra, S. and George, G. (2002) Absorptive capacity: A review, reconceptualization, and extension Academy of Management Review, 27, pp. 185-203.