The effect of lactose maldigestion on the relationship between dairy food intake and colorectal cancer: A systematic review

Nutrition and Cancer

Volumn 55, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 141-150

  Szilagyi, Andrew ^a   Nathwani, Usha ^a   Vinokuroff, Christina ^a   Correa, José A ^b   Shrier, Ian ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LACTASE; LACTOSE;

CANCER PREVENTION; CANCER RISK; COLON POLYP; COLORECTAL CANCER; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; DAIRY PRODUCT; DIETARY INTAKE; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM FUNCTION DISORDER; HUMAN; LACTASE DEFICIENCY; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW;

CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COHORT STUDIES; COLONIC POLYPS; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; CONFIDENCE INTERVALS; DAIRY PRODUCTS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES; HUMANS; LACTASE; LACTOSE INTOLERANCE; NEOPLASM RECURRENCE, LOCAL; ODDS RATIO; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 33750859121     PISSN: 01635581     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc5502_4     Document Type: Review

References (115)

1. Slattery ML, Boucher KM, Caan BJ, Potter JD, and Ma KN: Eating patterns and risk of colon cancer. Am J Epidemiol 148, 4-16, 1998.
2. Graham S, Dayal H, Swanson M, Mittelman A, and Wilkinson G: Diet in the epidemiology of cancer of the colon and rectum. J Natl Cancer Inst 61, 709-714, 1978.
3. Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Rosner BA, and Speizer FE: Relation of meat, fat, and fiber intake to the risk of colon cancer in a prospective study among women. N Engl J Med 323, 1664-1672, 1990.
4. Flood A, Velie EM, Sinha R, Chaterjee N, Lacey JV Jr, et al.: Meat, fat, and their subtypes as risk factors for colorectal cancer in a prospective cohort of women. Am J Epidemiol 158, 59-68, 2003.
5. Serra-Majem L, La Vecchia C, Ribas-Barba L, Prieto-Ramos F, Lucchini F, et al.: Changes in diet and mortality from selected cancers in southern Mediterranean countries 1960-89. Eur J Clin Nutr 47(suppl 1), S25-S34, 1993.
6. Holt PR: Dairy foods and prevention of colon cancer: human studies. J Am Coll Nutr 18, 379S-391S, 1999.
7. Bergsma-Kadijk JA, Van't Veer P, Kampman E, and Burema J: Calcium does not protect against colorectal neoplasia. Epidemiology 7, 590-597, 1996.
8. Norat T and Riboli E: Dairy products and colorectal cancer: a review of possible mechanisms and epidemiological evidence. Eur J Clin Nutr 57, 1-17, 2003.
9. Cho E, Smith-Warner SA, Spiegelman D, Beson WL, van den Brandt PA, et al.: Dairy foods, calcium and colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies. J Nat Cancer Inst 96, 1015-1022, 2004.
10. Zhuo X-G and Watanabe S: Factor analysis of digestive cancer mortality and food consumption in 65 Chinese counties. J Epidemiol 9, 275-284, 1999.
11. Maclennan R and Jensen OM: Dietary fibre, transit-time, faecal bacteria, steroids, and colon cancer in two Scandinavian populations: report from the International Agency for Research on Cancer Intestinal Microecology Group. Lancet 2, 207-211, 1977.
12. Teppo L and Saxen E: Epidemiology of colon cancer in Scandinavia. Isr J Med Sci 15, 322-328, 1979.
13. Vogelstein B, Feoron ER, Hamilton SR, Kern SE, Preisinger AC, et al.: Genetic alteration during colorectal tumor development. N Engl J Med 319, 515-532, 1988.
14. Feoron ER and Vogelstien B: A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell 61, 759-767, 1990.
15. Yoon H, Benamouzig R, Little J, Francois-Collange M, and Tome D: Systematic review of epidemiological studies on meat, dairy products and egg consumption and risk of colorectal adenomas. Eur J Cancer Prev 19, 151-164, 2000.
16. Kretchmer N: Lactose and lactase. Sci Am 4, 71-8, 1972.
17. Scrimshaw NS and Murray EB: The acceptability of milk and milk products in populations with a high prevalence of lactose intolerance. Am J Clin Nutr 48(Suppl), 1079-1159, 1988.
18. Cramer DW and Xu H: Lactase persistence, galactose metabolism, and milk consumption as risk factors for ovarian cancer. In: Common Food Intolerances 2: Milk-in Human Nutrition and Adult-type Hypolactasia. Auricchio S and Semenza G (eds). Basel, Switzerland: Karger, 1993, 52-60.
19. Garland C, Shekelle RB, Barrett-Connor E, Criqui MH, Rossof AH, et al.: Dietary vitamin D and calcium and risk of colorectal cancer: a 19-year prospective study in men. Lancet 1, 307-309, 1985.
20. Wu AH, Paganini-Hill A, Ross RK, and Henderson BE: Alcohol, physical activity and other risk factors for colorectal cancer: a prospective study. Br J Cancer 55, 687-694, 1987.
21. Phillips RL and Snowdon DA: Dietary relationships with fatal colorectal cancer among Seventh-Day Adventists. J Natl Cancer Inst 74, 307-317, 1985.
22. Stemmermann GN, Nomura A, and Chyou PH: The influence of dairy and nondairy calcium on subsite large-bowel cancer risk. Dis Colon Rectum 33, 190-194, 1990.
23. Ursin G, Bjelke E, Heuch I, and Vollset SE: Milk consumption and cancer incidence: a Norwegian prospective study. Br J Cancer 61(3), 456-459, 1990.
24. Thun MJ, Calle EE, Namboodiri MM, Flanders WD, Coates RJ, et al.: Risk factors for fatal colon cancer in a large prospective study. J Natl Cancer Inst 84, 1491-1500, 1992.
25. Bostick RM, Potter JD, Sellers TA, McKenzie DR, Kushi LH, et al.: Relation of calcium, vitamin D, and dairy food intake to incidence of colon cancer among older women: the Iowa Women's Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 137, 1302-1317, 1993.
26. Kampman E, Goldbohm RA, Van den Brandt PA, and van't Veer P: Fermented dairy products, calcium and colorectal cancer in the Netherlands cohort study. Cancer Res 54, 3186-3190, 1994.
27. Kampman E, Giovannucci E, van't Veer P, Rimm E, Stampfer MJ, et al.: Calcium, vitamin D, dairy foods, and the occurrence of colorectal adenomas among men and women in two prospective studies. Am J Epidemiol 139, 16-29, 1994.
28. Bostick RM, Potter JD, Kushi LH, Sellers TA, Steinmetz KA, et al.: Sugar, meat and fat intake, and non-dietary risk factors for colon cancer incidence in Iowa women (United States). Cancer Causes Control 5, 38-53, 1994.
29. Martinez ME, Giovannucci EL, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Hunter DJ, et al.: Calcium, vitamin D, and the occurrence of colorectal cancer among women. J Natl Cancer Inst 88, 1375-82, 1996.
30. Kearney J, Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Ascherio A, Stampfer MJ, et al.: Calcium, vitamin D, arid diary foods and the occurrence of colon cancer in men. Am J Epidemiol 143, 907-917, 1996.
31. Kato I, Akhmedkhanov A, Koenig K, Toniolo PG, Shore RE, et al.: Prospective study of diet and female colorectal cancer: the New York University Women's Health Study. Nutr Cancer 28, 276-281, 1997.
32. Hsing AW, McLaughlin JK, Chow WH, Schuman LM, Co Chien HT, et al.: Risk factors for colorectal cancer in a prospective study among U.S. White men. Int J Cancer 77, 549-553, 1998.
33. Singh PN and Fraser GE: Dietary risk factors for colon cancer in a low-risk population. Am J Epidemiol 148, 761-774, 1998.
34. Sellers TA, Bazyk AE, Bostick RM, Kushi LH, Olson JE, et al.: Diet and risk of colon cancer in a large prospective study of older women: an analysis stratified on family history (Iowa, United States). Cancer Causes Control 9, 357-367, 1998.
35. Zheng W, Anderson KE, Kushi LH, Sellers TA, Greenstein J, et al.: A prospective cohort study of intake of calcium, vitamin D, and other micronutrients in relation to incidence of rectal cancer among postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 7, 221-225, 1998.
36. Pietinen P, Malila N, Virtanen M, Hartman TJ, Tangrea JA, et al.: Diet and risk of colorectal cancer in a cohort of Finnish men. Cancer Causes Control 10, 387-396, 1999.
37. Jarvinen R, Knekt P, Hakulinen T, and Aromaa A: Prospective study on milk products, calcium and cancers of the colon and rectum. Eur J Clin Nutr 55, 1000-1007, 2001.
38. Nagata C, Shimizu H, Kametani M, Takeyama N, Ohnuma T, et al.: Diet and colorectal adenoma in Japanese males and females. Dis Colon Rectum 44, 105-111, 2001.
39. Martinez ME, Marshall JR, Sampliner R, Wilkinson J, Alberts DS: Calcium, vitamin D, and risk of adenoma recurrence (United States). Cancer Causes Control 13, 213-220, 2002.
40. Wu K, Willett WC, Fuchs CS, Colditz GA, and Giovannucci EL: Calcium intake and risk of colon cancer in women and men. J Natl Cancer Inst 94, 437-446, 2002.
41. Terry P, Baron JA, Bergkvist L, Holmberg L, Wolk A: Dietary calcium and vitamin D intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study in women. Nutr Cancer 43, 39-46, 2002.
42. McCullough ML, Robertson AS, Rodriguez C, Jacobs EJ, Chao A, et al.: Calcium, vitamin D, dairy products, and risk of colorectal cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort (United States). Cancer Causes Control 14, 1-12, 2003.
43. Lin J, Zhang SM, Cook NR, Manson JA, Lee I-M, et al.: Intakes of calcium and vitamin D and risk of colorectal cancer in women. Am J Epidemiol 161, 755-764, 2005.
44. Hartman TJ, Albert PS, Snyder K, Slattery M, Caan B, et al.: The association of calcium and vitamin D with risk of colorectal adenomas. J Nutr 135, 522-529, 2005.
45. Mizoue T, Yamaji T, Tabata S, Yamaguchi K, Shimizu E, et al.: Dietary patterns and colorectal adenomas in Japanese men. Am J Epidemiol 161, 338-345, 2005.
46. Manousos O, Day NE, Trichopoulos D, Gerovassilis F, Izonou A, et al.: Diet and colorectal cancer: a case-control study in Greece. Int J Cancer 32, 1-5, 1983.
47. Macquart-Moulin G, Riboli E, Cornée J, Charnay B, Berthezene P, et al.: Case-control study on colorectal cancer and diet in Marseilles. Int J Cancer 38, 183-191, 1986.
48. Vlajinac H, Adnanja B, and Jarebinski M: Case-control study of the relationship of diet and colon cancer. Arch Geschwulstforsch 57, 493-498, 1987.
49. La Vecchia C, Negri E, Decarli A, D'Avanzo B, Gallotti L, et al: A case-control study of diet and colo-rectal cancer in Northern Italy. Int J Cancer 41, 492-498, 1988.
50. Negri E, La Vecchia C, D'Avanzo B, and Franceschi S: Calcium dairy products, and colorectal cancer. Nutr Cancer 13, 255-262, 1990.
51. Benito E, Obrador A, Stiggelbout A, Bosch FX, Nulet M, et al.: A population-based case-control study of colorectal cancer in Majorca. Dietary factors. Int J Cancer 45, 69-76, 1990.
52. Benito E, Stigglebout A, Bosch FX, Obrador A, Kaldor J, et al.: Nutritional factors in colorectal cancer risk: a case-control study in Magorca. Int J Cancer 49, 161-167, 1991.
53. Iscovich JM, Labbé KA, Castelleto R, Calzona A, Bernedo A, et al.: Colon cancer in Argentina, I: risk from intake of dietary items. Int J Cancer 51, 851-857, 1992.
54. Bidoli E, Franceschi S, Talamini R, Barra S, La Vecchia C: Food consumption and cancer of the colon and rectum in north-eastern Italy. Int J Cancer 50, 223-229, 1992.
55. Centonze S, Boeing H, Leoci C, Guerra V, Misciagna G: Dietary habits and colorectal cancer in a low-risk area: results from a population-based case-control study in southern Italy. Nutr Cancer 21, 233-246, 1994.
56. Ferraroni M, La Vecchia C, D'Avanzo B, Negri E, Franceschi S, et al.: Selected micronutrient intake and the risk of colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 70, 1150-1155, 1994.
57. Boutron M-C, Faivre J, Marteau P, Couillaul C, Senesse P, et al.: Calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, dairy products and colorectal carcinogenesis: a French case-control study. Br J Cancer 74, 145-151, 1996.
58. Amaral T, de Almeida MDV, and Barrros H: Diet and colorectal cancer in Portugal. IARC Sci Publ 156, 549-552, 2002.
59. Franceschi S, Favero A, La Vecchia C, Negri E, Conti E, et al.: Food groups and risk of colorectal cancer in Italy. Int J Cancer 72, 56-61, 1997.
60. Boutron-Ruault MC, Senesse P, Faivre J, Chatelain N, Belghiti C, et al.: Food as risk factors for colorectal cancer: a case-control study in Burgundy (France). Eur J Cancer Prev 8, 229-235, 1999.
61. Miller AB, Howe GR, Jain M, Craib KJP, and Harrison L: Food items and food groups as risk factors in a case-control study of diet and colo-rectal cancer. Int J Cancer 32, 155-161, 1983.
62. Pickle LW, Greene MH, Ziegler RG, Toledo A, Hoover R, et al.: Colorectal cancer in rural Nebraska. Cancer Res 44, 363-369, 1984.
63. Heilbrun LK, Nomura A, Hankin JH, and Stemmermann GN. Dietary vitamin D and calcium and risk of colorectal cancer. Lancet 1, 925, 1985.
64. Heilbrun LK, Hankin JH, and Nomura AMY: Colon cancer and dietary fat, phosphorus, and calcium in Hawaiian-Japanese men. Am J Clin Nutr 43, 306-309, 1986.
65. Kune S, Kune GA, and Watson LF: Case-control study of dietary etiological factors: the Melbourne colorectal cancer study. Nutr Cancer 9, 21-42, 1987.
66. Tuyns AJ, Kaaks R, and Haelterman M: Colorectal cancer and the consumption of foods: a case-control study. Nutr Cancer 11, 189-204, 1988.
67. Slattery ML, Sorenson AW, and Ford MH: Dietary calcium intake as a mitigating factor in colon cancer. Am J Epidemiol 128, 504-514, 1988.
68. Young TB and Wolf DA: Case-control study of proximal and distal colon cancer and diet in Wisconsin. Int J Cancer 42, 167-175, 1988.
69. Graham S, Marshall J, Haughey B, Mittleman A, Swanson MYA, et al.: Dietary expidemiology of cancer of the colon in western New York. Am J Epidem 128, 490-504, 1988.
70. Peters RK, Garabrant DH, Yu MC, and Mack TM: A case-control study of occupational and dietary factors in colorectal cancer in young men by subsite. Cancer Res 49, 5459-5468, 1989.
71. Freudenheim JL, Graham S, Marshall JR, Haughey BP, and Wilkinson G: A case-control study of diet and rectal cancer in western New York. Am J Epidem 131, 612-624, 1990.
72. Mettlin CJ, Schoenfeld ER, and Natarajan N: Patterns of milk consumption and risk of cancer. Nutr Cancer 13, 89-99, 1990.
73. Arbman G, Axelson O, Ericsson-Begodzki AB, Fredriksson M, Nilsson E, et al.: Cereal fiber, calcium and colorectal cancer. Cancer 69, 2042-2048, 1992.
74. Peters RK, Pike MC, Garabrant D, and Mack TM: Diet and colon cancer in Los Angeles County California. Cancer Case Control 3, 457-473, 1992.
75. Steinmetz KA and Potter JD. Food group consumption and colon cancer in the Adelaide case-control study II: meat, poultry, seafood, dairy foods and eggs. Int J Cancer 53, 720-727, 1993.
76. Zaridze D, Filipchenko V, Kustov V, Serdyuk V, and Duffy S: Diet and colorectal cancer: results of two case-control studies in Russia. Eur J Cancer 29A, 112-5, 1999.
77. Meyer F and White E: Alcohol and nutrients in relation to colon cancer in middle-aged adults. Am J Epidemiol 138, 225-236, 1993.
78. Kampman E, van't Veer P, Hiddink GJ, Van Aken-Schneijder P, Kok FJ, et al.: Fermented dairy products, dietary calcium and colon cancer: a case-control study in the Netherlands. Int J Cancer 59, 170-176, 1994.
79. Shannon J, White E, Shattuck AL, and Potter JD: Relationship of food groups and water intake to colon cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 5, 495-502, 1996.
80. Pritchard RS, Baron JA, and Gerhardsson de Verdier M: Dietary calcium, vitamin D, and the risk of colorectal cancer in Stockholm Sweden. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 5, 897-900, 1996.
81. Slattery ML, Berry TD, Potter J, and Caan B: Diet diversity, diet composition, and risk of colon cancer (United States). Cancer Causes Control 8, 872-882, 1997.
82. Marcus PM and Newcomb PA: The association of calcium and vitamin D, and colon and rectal cancer in Wisconsin women. Int J of Epidemiol 27, 788-793, 1998.
83. Levi F, Pasche C, La Vecchia C, Lucchini F, and Franceschi S: Food groups and colorectal cancer risk. Br J Cancer 79, 1283-1287, 1999.
84. Kampman E, Slattery ML, Caan B, and Potter JD: Calcium, vitamin D, sunshine exposure, dairy products and colon cancer risk (United States). Cancer Causes Control 11, 459-466, 2000.
85. Ma J, Giovannucci E, Pollak M, Chan JM, Gaziano JM, et al.: Milk intake circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-I and risk of colorectal cancer in men. J Natl Cancer Inst 93, 1330-1336, 2001.
86. Tajima K and Tominaga S: Dietary habits and gastrointestinal cancers: a comparative case-control study of stomach and large intestinal cancers in Nagoya, Japan. Jpn J Cancer Res 76, 705-716, 1985,
87. Macquart-Moulin G, Riboli E, Corrée J, Kaaks R, and Berthezène P: Colorectal polyps and diet: a case-control study in Marseilles. Int J Cancer 40, 179-188,1987.
88. Lee HP, Gowley L, Duffy SW, Estêve J, Lee J, et al.: Colorectal cancer and diet in an Asian population-a case control study among Singapore Chinese. Int J Cancer 43, 1007-1016, 1989.
89. Whittemore AS, Wu-Williams AH, Lee M, Shu Z, Gallagher RP, et al.; Diet physical activity and colorectal cancer among Chinese in North America and China. J Natl Cancer Inst 82, 915-926, 1990.
90. Kune GA, Kune S, Read A, MacGowan K, Penfold C, et al.: Colorectal polyps, diet, alcohol, and family history of colorectal cancer: a case control study. Nutr Cancer 16, 25-39, 1991.
91. Hu J, Liu Y, Yu Y, Zhao T, Liu S, et al.: Diet and cancer of the colon and rectum: a case-control study in China. Int J Epidemiol 20, 362-367, 1991.
92. Kono S, Imanishi K, Shinchi K, and Yanai F: Relationship of diet to small and large adenomas of the sigmoid colon. Jpn J Cancer Res 84, 13-19, 1993.
93. Benito E, Cabeza E, Moreno V, Obrador A, and Bosch FX: Diet and colorectal adenomas: a case control study in Majorca. Int J Cancer 55, 213-219, 1993.
94. Kotake K, Koyoma Y, Nasu J, Fukutomi T, and Yamaguchi N: Relation of family history of cancer and environmental factors to the risk of colorectal cancer: a case-control study. Jpn J Clin Oncol 25, 195-208, 1995.
95. Murata M, Tagawa M, Watanabe S, Kjmura H, Takeshita T, et al.: Genotype difference of aldehyde dehydrogenase -2 gene in alcohol drinkers influences the incidence of Japanese colorectal cancer patients. Jpn J Cancer Res 90, 711-719, 1999.
96. Peters U, McGlynn KA, Chaterjee N, Gunter E, Garcia-Closas M, et al.: Vitamin D, calcium, and vitamin D receptor polymorphism in colorectal adenomas. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 10, 1267-1274, 2001.
97. Levine AJ, Harper JM, Ervin CM, Chen YH, Harmon E, et al.: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, dietary calcium intake, and distal colorectal adenoma risk. Nutr Cancer 39, 35-41, 2001.
98. Kesse E, Boutron-Ruault M-C, Norat T, Riboli E, and Clavel-Chapelon F. Dietary calcium, phophorus, vitamin D, dairy products and the risk of colorectal adenoma and cancer among French women of the E3N-EPIC prospective study. Int J Cancer retrieved May 4, 2005 from http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/ abstract/110489183/ABSTRACT.
99. Szilagyi A: Review article: lactose-a potential prebiotic. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 16, 1591-1602, 2002.
100. Szilagyi A: Redefining lactose as a conditional prebiotic. Can J Gastroenterol Can J Gastroenterol 18, 163-167, 2004.
101. Wollowski I, Rechkemmer G, and Pool-Zobel BL: Protective role of probiotics and prebiotics in colon cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 73(Suppl 2), 451S-455S, 2001.
102. Rafter J: Lactic acid bacteria and cancer: mechanistic perspective. Br J Nutr 88(Suppl 1), S89-S94, 2002.
103. Ito M and Kimura M: Influence of lactose on faecal microflora in lactose maldigesters. Microbiol Ecol Health Dis 6, 73-76, 1993.
104. Szilagyi A, Malolepszy P, Nathwani U, Cohen A, Xue X, et al.: Pretest dietary lactose intake affects breath hydrogen results in lactase non-persistent (LNP) subjects. Dig Dis Sci 50, 2178-2182, 2005.
105. Hyman J, Baron JA, Dain BJ, Sandier RS, Haile RW, et al.: Dietary and supplemental calcium and the recurrence of colorectal adenomas. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 7, 291-295, 1998.
106. Baron JA, Beach M, Mandel JS, van Stolk RU, Haile RW, et al.: Calcium supplements for the prevention of colorectal adenomas: Calcium Polyp Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med 340, 101-107, 1999.
107. Bonithon-Kopp C, Kronborg O, Giacosa A, Rath U, and Faivre J: Calcium and fibre supplementation in prevention of colorectal adenoma recurrence: a randomised intervention trial. European Cancer Prevention Organisation Study Group. Lancet 356, 1300-1306, 2000.
108. Rozen P, Lubin F, Papo N, Knaani J, Farbstein H, et al.: Calcium supplements interact significantly with long-term diet while suppressing rectal epithelial proliferation of adenoma patients. Cancer 91, 833-840, 2001.
109. Holt PR, Wolper C, Moss SF, Yang K, and Lipkin M: Comparison of calcium supplementation or low-fat dairy foods on epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Nutr Cancer 41, 150-155, 2001.
110. Van der Meer R, Welberg JW, Kuipers F, Kleibeuker JH, Mulder NH, et al.: Effects of supplemental dietary calcium on the intestinal association of calcium, phosphate, and bile acids. Gastroenterology 99, 1653-1659, 1990.
111. Govers MJ, Termont DS, Lapre JA, Kleibeuker JH, Vonk RJ, et al.: Calcium in milk products precipitates intestinal fatty acids and secondary bile acids and thus inhibits colonic cytotoxicity in humans. Cancer Res 56, 3270-3275, 1996.
112. Bovee-Oudenhoven IM, Wissink ML, Wouters JT, and Van der Meer R. Dietary calcium phosphate stimulates intestinal lactobacilli and decreases the severity of a salmonella infection in rats. J Nutr 129, 607-612, 1999.
113. Bovee-Oudenhoven IM, Termont DS, Weerkamp AH, Faassen-Peters MA, and Van der Meer R. Dietary calcium inhibits the intestinal colonization and translocation of Salmonella in rats. Gastroenterology 113, 550-557, 1997.
114. Bovee-Oudenhoven IM, Lettink-Wissink ML, Van Doesburg W, Witteman BJ, and Van Der Meer R: Diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection of humans is inhibited by dietary calcium. Gastroenterology 125, 469-476, 2003.
115. Wallace K., Baron JA, Cole BF, Sandler RS, Karagas MR, et al.: Effect of calcium supplementation on the risk of large bowel polyps. J Natl Cancer Inst 96, 921-925, 2004.