Nitric oxide cell signaling mediated by cGMP

Nitric Oxide, Cell Signaling, and Gene Expression

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 167-215

  Martin, Emil ^a   Sharina, Iraida ^a   Seminara, Aurora Rachel ^a   Krumenacker, Joshua ^a   Murad, Ferid ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33748772930     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (385)

1. Greene, N.E. and J.H. Shaw. The identification of atmospheric nitric oxide by a spectroscopic scan. J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc., 1972. 22(6): 468-470.
2. Murad, F., et al. Properties and regulation of guanylate cyclase and some proposed functions for cyclic GMP. Adv. Cyclic Nucleotide Res., 1979. 11: 175-204.
3. Murad, F. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate as a mediator of vasodilation. J. Clin. Invest., 1986. 78(1): 1-5.
4. Ignarro, L.J., et al. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced and released from artery and vein is nitric oxide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1987. 84(24): 9265-9269.
5. Palmer, R.M., A.G. Ferrige, and S. Moncada. Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Nature, 1987. 327(6122): 524-526.
6. Wink, D.A., et al. The multifaceted roles of nitric oxide in cancer. Carcinogenesis, 1998. 19(5): 711-721.
7. Wink, D.A. and J.B. Mitchell. Chemical biology of nitric oxide: Insights into regulatory, cytotoxic, and cytoprotective mechanisms of nitric oxide. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 1998. 25(4-5): 434-456.
8. Wink, D.A., K.M. Miranda, and M.G. Espey. Cytotoxicity related to oxidative and nitrosative stress by nitric oxide. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood), 2001. 226(7): 621-623.
9. Abe, K., et al. Induction of nitrotyrosine-like immunoreactivity in the lower motor neuron of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurosci. Lett., 1995. 199(2): 152-154.
10. Jang, D. and G.A. Murrell. Nitric oxide in arthritis. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 1998. 24(9): 1511-1519.
11. Kooy, N.W., et al. Extensive tyrosine nitration in human myocardial inflammation: evidence for the presence of peroxynitrite. Crit. Care Med., 1997. 25(5): 812-819.
12. Iwashita, E., et al. High nitric oxide synthase activity in endothelial cells in ulcerative colitis. J. Gastroenterol., 1995. 30(4): 551-554.
13. Kelly, C.J. and D.P. Gold. Nitric oxide in interstitial nephritis and other autoimmune diseases. Semin. Nephrol., 1999. 19(3): 288-295.
14. Chan, N.N., P. Vallance, and H.M. Colhoun. Nitric oxide and vascular responses in Type I diabetes. Diabetologia, 2000. 43(2): 137-147.
15. Schulz, J.B., et al. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal nitric oxide in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Mol. Cell Biochem., 1997. 174(1-2): 193-197.
16. Davis, K.L., et al. Novel effects of nitric oxide. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 2001. 41: 203-236.
17. Brown, G.C. and C.E. Cooper. Nanomolar concentrations of nitric oxide reversibly inhibit synaptosomal respiration by competing with oxygen at cytochrome oxidase. FEBS Lett., 1994. 356(2-3): 295-298.
18. Schweizer, M. and C. Richter. Nitric oxide potently and reversibly deenergizes mitochondria at low oxygen tension. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1994. 204(1): 169-175.
19. Cleeter, M.W., et al. Reversible inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, by nitric oxide. Implications for neurodegenerative diseases. FEBS Lett., 1994. 345(1): 50-54.
20. Arnold, W.P., et al. Nitric oxide activates guanylate cyclase and increases guanosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate levels in various tissue preparations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1977. 74(8): 3203-3207.
21. MacMicking, J., Q.W. Xie, and C. Nathan. Nitric oxide and macrophage function. Annu Rev Immunol, 1997. 15: 323-350.
22. Chao, D.S., et al. Localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Methods Enzymol., 1996. 268: 488-496.
23. Bredt, D.S. and S.H. Snyder. Nitric oxide mediates glutamate-linked enhancement of cGMP levels in the cerebellum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1989. 86(22): 9030-9033.
24. Brenman, J.E., et al. Cloning and characterization of postsynaptic density 93, a nitric oxide synthase interacting protein. J. Neurosci., 1996. 16(23): 7407-7415.
25. Brenman, J.E., et al. Interaction of nitric oxide synthase with the postsynaptic density protein PSD-95 and alpha1-syntrophin mediated by PDZ domains. Cell, 1996. 84(5): 757-767.
26. Kornau, H.C., et al. Domain interaction between NMDA receptor subunits and the postsynaptic density protein PSD-95. Science, 1995. 269(5231): 1737-1740.
27. Jaffrey, S.R. and S.H. Snyder, PIN: an associated protein inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Science, 1996. 274(5288): 774-777.
28. Rodriguez-Crespo, I., et al. Binding of dynein light chain (PIN) to neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the absence of inhibition. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 1998. 359(2): 297-304.
29. Venema, V.J., et al. Interaction of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase with caveolin-3 in skeletal muscle. Identification of a novel caveolin scaffolding/inhibitory domain. J. Biol. Chem., 1997. 272(45): 28187-28190.
30. Garcia-Cardena, G., et al. Dissecting the interaction between nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and caveolin. Functional significance of the nos caveolin binding domain in vivo. J. Biol. Chem., 1997. 272(41): 25437-25440.
31. Pollock, J.S., et al. Particulate and soluble bovine endothelial nitric oxide synthases are structurally similar proteins yet different from soluble brain nitric oxide synthase. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 1992. 20 Suppl. 12: S50-53.
32. Shaul, P.W., et al. Acylation targets endothelial nitric-oxide synthase to plasmalemmal caveolae. J. Biol. Chem., 1996. 271(11): 6518-6522.
33. Feron, O., et al. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase targeting to caveolae. Specific interactions with caveolin isoforms in cardiac myocytes and endothelial cells. J. Biol. Chem., 1996. 271(37): 22810-22814.
34. Pollock, J.S., et al. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase is myristylated. FEBS Lett., 1992. 309(3): 402-404.
35. Robinson, L.J., L. Busconi, and T. Michel. Agonist-modulated palmitoylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. J. Biol. Chem., 1995. 270(3): 995-998.
36. Feron, O., et al. The endothelial nitric-oxide synthase-caveolin regulatory cycle. J. Biol. Chem., 1998. 273(6): 3125-3128.
37. Schmidt, H.H., et al. Regulation and subcellular location of nitrogen oxide synthases in RAW264.7 macrophages. Mol. Pharmacol., 1992. 41(4): 615-624.
38. Forstermann, U., et al., Induced RAW 264.7 macrophages express soluble and particulate nitric oxide synthase: inhibition by transforming growth factor-beta. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1992. 225(2): 161-165.
39. Vodovotz, Y., et al. Vesicle membrane association of nitric oxide synthase in primary mouse macrophages. J. Immunol., 1995. 154(6): 2914-2925.
40. Lucas, K.A., et al. Guanylyl cyclases and signaling by cyclic GMP. Pharmacol. Rev., 2000. 52(3): 375-414.
41. Kimura, H. and F. Murad. Two forms of guanylate cyclase in mammalian tissues and possible mechanisms for their regulation. Metabolism, 1975. 24(3): 439-445.
42. Katsuki, S., et al. Stimulation of guanylate cyclase by sodium nitroprusside, nitroglycerin and nitric oxide in various tissue preparations and comparison to the effects of sodium azide and hydroxylamine. J. Cyclic Nucleotide Res., 1977. 3(1): 23-35.
43. Craven, P.A. and F.R. DeRubertis. Restoration of the responsiveness of purified guanylate cyclase to nitrosoguanidine, nitric oxide, and related activators by heme and hemeproteins. Evidence for involvement of the paramagnetic nitrosyl-heme complex in enzyme activation. J. Biol. Chem., 1978. 253(23): 8433-8443.
44. Ignarro, L.J., et al. Mechanism of vascular smooth muscle relaxation by organic nitrates, nitrites, nitroprusside and nitric oxide: evidence for the involvement of S-nitrosothiols as active intermediates. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1981. 218(3): 739-749.
45. Stone, J.R. and M.A. Marletta. Soluble guanylate cyclase from bovine lung: activation with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide and spectral characterization of the ferrous and ferric states. Biochemistry, 1994. 33(18): 5636-5640.
46. Martin, E., et al. A constitutively activated mutant of human soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC): implication for the mechanism of sGC activation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2003. 100(16): 9208-9213.
47. Koesling, D. Studying the structure and regulation of soluble guanylyl cyclase. Methods, 1999. 19(4): 485-493.
48. Kamisaki, Y., et al. Soluble guanylate cyclase from rat lung exists as a heterodimer. J. Biol. Chem., 1986. 261(16): 7236-7241.
49. Zabel, U., et al. Human soluble guanylate cyclase: functional expression and revised isoenzyme family. Biochem. J., 1998. 335(Pt 1): 51-57.
50. Andreopoulos, S. and A. Papapetropoulos. Molecular aspects of soluble guanylyl cyclase regulation. Gen. Pharmacol., 2000. 34(3): 147-157.
51. Russwurm, M., et al. Functional properties of a naturally occurring isoform of soluble guanylyl cyclase. Biochem. J., 1998. 335(Pt 1): 125-130.
52. Yuen, P.S., L.R. Potter, and D.L. Garbers. A new form of guanylyl cyclase is preferentially expressed in rat kidney. Biochemistry, 1990. 29(49): 10872-10878.
53. Buechler, W.A., M. Nakane, and F. Murad. Expression of soluble guanylate cyclase activity requires both enzyme subunits. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1991. 174(1): 351-357.
54. Zabel, U., et al. Homodimerization of soluble guanylyl cyclase subunits. Dimerization analysis using a glutathione s-transferase affinity tag. J. Biol. Chem., 1999. 274(26): 18149-52.
55. Koglin, M., et al. Nitric oxide activates the beta 2 subunit of soluble guanylyl cyclase in the absence of a second subunit. J. Biol. Chem., 2001. 276(33): 30737-30743.
56. Garbers, D.L. The guanylyl cyclase receptors. Methods, 1999. 19(4): 477-484.
57. Sunahara, R.K., et al. Crystal structure of the adenylyl cyclase activator Gsalpha [see comments]. Science, 1997. 278(5345): 1943-1947.
58. Sunahara, R.K., et al. Exchange of substrate and inhibitor specificities between adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases. J. Biol. Chem., 1998. 273(26): 16332-6338.
59. Wedel, B., et al. Functional domains of soluble guanylyl cyclase. J. Biol. Chem., 1995. 270(42): 24871-24875.
60. Foerster, J., et al. A functional heme-binding site of soluble guanylyl cyclase requires intact N-termini of alpha 1 and beta 1 subunits. Eur. J. Biochem., 1996. 240(2): 380-386.
61. Gerzer, R., et al. Soluble guanylate cyclase purified from bovine lung contains heme and copper. FEBS Lett., 1981. 132(1): 71-74.
62. Stone, J.R. and M.A. Marletta. Spectral and kinetic studies on the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase by nitric oxide. Biochemistry, 1996. 35(4): 1093-1099.
63. Stone, J.R., et al. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectral evidence for the formation of a pentacoordinate nitrosyl-heme complex on soluble guanylate cyclase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1995. 207(2): 572-577.
64. Tomita, T., et al. Effects of GTP on bound nitric oxide of soluble guanylate cyclase probed by resonance Raman spectroscopy. Biochemistry, 1997. 36(33): 10155-10160.
65. Deinum, G., et al. Binding of nitric oxide and carbon monoxide to soluble guanylate cyclase as observed with Resonance raman spectroscopy. Biochemistry, 1996. 35(5): 1540-1547.
66. Zhao, Y., et al. A molecular basis for nitric oxide sensing by soluble guanylate cyclase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1999. 96(26): 14753-14758.
67. Kharitonov, V.G., et al. Kinetics of nitric oxide dissociation from five- and sixcoordinate nitrosyl hemes and heme proteins, including soluble guanylate cyclase. Biochemistry, 1997. 36(22): 6814-6818.
68. Ignarro, L.J., K.S. Wood, and M.S. Wolin. Activation of purified soluble guanylate cyclase by protoporphyrin IX. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1982. 79(9): 2870-2873.
69. Zhao, Y., et al. Identification of histidine 105 in the beta1 subunit of soluble guanylate cyclase as the heme proximal ligand. Biochemistry, 1998. 37(13): 4502-4509.
70. Wedel, B., et al. Mutation of His-105 in the beta 1 subunit yields a nitric oxideinsensitive form of soluble guanylyl cyclase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1994. 91(7): 2592-2596.
71. Tesmer, J.J., et al. Crystal structure of the catalytic domains of adenylyl cyclase in a complex with Gs.GTPS [see comments]. Science, 1997. 278(5345): 1907-1916.
72. Russwurm, M., N. Wittau, and D. Koesling. Guanylyl cyclase/PSD-95 interaction: targeting of the nitric oxide-sensitive alpha2beta1 guanylyl cyclase to synaptic membranes. J. Biol. Chem., 2001. 276(48): 44647-44652.
73. Zabel, U., et al. Calcium-dependent membrane association sensitizes soluble guanylyl cyclase to nitric oxide. Nat. Cell Biol., 2002. 4(4): 307-311.
74. Fesenko, E.E., S.S. Kolesnikov, and A.L. Lyubarsky. Induction by cyclic GMP of cationic conductance in plasma membrane of retinal rod outer segment. Nature, 1985. 313(6000): 310-313.
75. Haynes, L. and K.W. Yau, Cyclic GMP-sensitive conductance in outer segment membrane of catfish cones. Nature, 1985. 317(6032): 61-64.
76. Nakamura, T. and G.H. Gold. A cyclic nucleotide-gated conductance in olfactory receptor cilia. Nature, 1987. 325(6103): 442-444.
77. Dryer, S.E. and D. Henderson. A cyclic GMP-activated channel in dissociated cells of the chick pineal gland. Nature, 1991. 353(6346): 756-758.
78. Hofmann, F., M. Biel, and U.B. Kaupp, International Union of Pharmacology. XLII. Compendium of voltage-gated ion channels: cyclic nucleotide-modulated channels. Pharmacol. Rev., 2003. 55(4): 587-589.
79. Bradley, J., et al. Nomenclature for ion channel subunits. Science, 2001. 294(5549): 2095-2096.
80. Chen, T.Y., et al. A new subunit of the cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel in retinal rods. Nature, 1993. 362(6422): 764-767.
81. Korschen, H.G., et al., A 240 kDa protein represents the complete beta subunit of the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel from rod photoreceptor. Neuron, 1995. 15(3): 627-636.
82. Varnum, M.D. and W.N. Zagotta. Subunit interactions in the activation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels. Biophys. J., 1996. 70(6): 2667-2679.
83. Liu, D.T., G.R. Tibbs, and S.A. Siegelbaum. Subunit stoichiometry of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels and effects of subunit order on channel function. Neuron, 1996. 16(5): 983-990.
84. Gordon, S.E. and W.N. Zagotta. Subunit interactions in coordination of Ni2+ in cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1995. 92(22): 10222-10226.
85. Zheng, J., M.C. Trudeau, and W.N. Zagotta. Rod cyclic nucleotide-gated channels have a stoichiometry of three CNGA1 subunits and one CNGB1 subunit. Neuron, 2002. 36(5): 891-896.
86. Zhong, H., et al. The heteromeric cyclic nucleotide-gated channel adopts a 3A:1B stoichiometry. Nature, 2002. 420(6912): 193-198.
87. Weitz, D., et al. Subunit stoichiometry of the CNG channel of rod photoreceptors. Neuron, 2002. 36(5): 881-889.
88. Gerstner, A., et al. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a new modulatory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel subunit from mouse retina. J. Neurosci., 2000. 20(4): 1324-1332.
89. Bonigk, W., et al. Rod and cone photoreceptor cells express distinct genes for cGMP-gated channels. Neuron, 1993. 10(5): 865-877.
90. Sautter, A., et al. An isoform of the rod photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated channel beta subunit expressed in olfactory neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1998. 95(8): 4696-4701.
91. Picco, C., P. Gavazzo, and A. Menini. Co-expression of wild-type and mutant olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channels: restoration of the native sensitivity to Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) blockage. Neuroreport, 2001. 12(11): 2363-2367.
92. Bonigk, W., et al. The native rat olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel is composed of three distinct subunits. J. Neurosci., 1999. 19(13): 5332-5347.
93. Liman, E.R. and L.B. Buck. A second subunit of the olfactory cyclic nucleotidegated channel confers high sensitivity to cAMP. Neuron, 1994. 13(3): 611-621.
94. Dhallan, R.S., et al. Primary structure and functional expression of a cyclic nucleotide-activated channel from olfactory neurons. Nature, 1990. 347(6289): 184-187.
95. Bradley, J., et al. Heteromeric olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channels: a subunit that confers increased sensitivity to cAMP. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1994. 91(19): 8890-8894.
96. Bradley, J., et al. Functional expression of the heteromeric “olfactory” cyclic nucleotide-gated channel in the hippocampus: a potential effector of synaptic plasticity in brain neurons. J. Neurosci., 1997. 17(6): 1993-2005.
97. Biel, M., et al. Primary structure and functional expression of a cyclic nucleotidegated channel from rabbit aorta. FEBS Lett., 1993. 329(1-2): 134-138.
98. Biel, M., et al. Another member of the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel family, expressed in testis, kidney, and heart. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1994. 91(9): 3505-3509.
99. Biel, M., et al. Molecular cloning and expression of the modulatory subunit of the cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel. J. Biol. Chem., 1996. 271(11): 6349-6355.
100. Distler, M., et al. Expression of cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels in nonsensory tissues and cells. Neuropharmacology, 1994. 33(11): 1275-1282.
101. Kingston, P.A., F. Zufall, and C.J. Barnstable. Rat hippocampal neurons express genes for both rod retinal and olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channels: novel targets for cAMP/cGMP function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1996. 93(19): 10440-10445.
102. Weyand, I., et al. Cloning and functional expression of a cyclic-nucleotide-gated channel from mammalian sperm. Nature, 1994. 368(6474): 859-863.
103. Kaupp, U.B., et al. Primary structure and functional expression from complementary DNA of the rod photoreceptor cyclic GMP-gated channel. Nature, 1989. 342(6251): 762-766.
104. Henn, D.K., A. Baumann, and U.B. Kaupp. Probing the transmembrane topology of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels with a gene fusion approach. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1995. 92(16): 7425-7429.
105. Molday, R.S., et al. The cGMP-gated channel of the rod photoreceptor cell characterization and orientation of the amino terminus. J. Biol. Chem., 1991. 266(32): 21917-21922.
106. Wohlfart, P., et al. Antibodies against synthetic peptides used to determine the topology and site of glycosylation of the cGMP-gated channel from bovine rod photoreceptors. J. Biol. Chem., 1992. 267(1): 644-648.
107. Doyle, D.A., et al. The structure of the potassium channel: molecular basis of K+ conduction and selectivity. Science, 1998. 280(5360): 69-77.
108. Su, Y., et al. Regulatory subunit of protein kinase A: structure of deletion mutant with cAMP binding domains. Science, 1995. 269(5225): 807-813.
109. Varnum, M.D., K.D. Black, and W.N. Zagotta. Molecular mechanism for ligand discrimination of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. Neuron, 1995. 15(3): 619-625.
110. Gordon, S.E. and W.N. Zagotta. A histidine residue associated with the gate of the cyclic nucleotide-activated channels in rod photoreceptors. Neuron, 1995. 14(1): 177-183.
111. Sunderman, E.R. and W.N. Zagotta. Mechanism of allosteric modulation of rod cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. J. Gen. Physiol., 1999. 113(5): 601-620.
112. Shapiro, M.S. and W.N. Zagotta. Structural basis for ligand selectivity of heteromeric olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. Biophys. J., 2000. 78(5): 2307-2320.
113. Anholt, R.R. Molecular neurobiology of olfaction. Crit. Rev. Neurobiol., 1993. 7(1): 1-22.
114. Ildefonse, M. and N. Bennett. Single-channel study of the cGMP-dependent conductance of retinal rods from incorporation of native vesicles into planar lipid bilayers. J. Membr. Biol., 1991. 123(2): 133-147.
115. Karpen, J.W., et al. Interactions between divalent cations and the gating machinery of cyclic GMP-activated channels in salamander retinal rods. J. Gen. Physiol., 1993. 101(1): 1-25.
116. Molokanova, E., et al. Activity-dependent modulation of rod photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated channels mediated by phosphorylation of a specific tyrosine residue. J. Neurosci., 1999. 19(12): 4786-4795.
117. Molokanova, E., et al. Modulation of rod photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated channels by tyrosine phosphorylation. J. Neurosci., 1997. 17(23): 9068-9076.
118. Muller, F., et al. Ligand sensitivity of the 2 subunit from the bovine cone cGMPgated channel is modulated by protein kinase C but not by calmodulin. J. Physiol., 2001. 532(Pt 2): 399-409.
119. Gordon, S.E., D.L. Brautigan, and A.L. Zimmerman. Protein phosphatases modulate the apparent agonist affinity of the light-regulated ion channel in retinal rods. Neuron, 1992. 9(4): 739-748.
120. Muller, F., et al. Phosphorylation of mammalian olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channels increases ligand sensitivity. J. Neurosci., 1998. 18(1): 164-173.
121. Wohlfart, P., H. Muller, and N.J. Cook. Lectin binding and enzymatic deglycosylation of the cGMP-gated channel from bovine rod photoreceptors. J. Biol. Chem., 1989. 264(35): 20934-20939.
122. Womack, K.B., et al. Do phosphatidylinositides modulate vertebrate phototransduction? J. Neurosci., 2000. 20(8): 2792-2799.
123. Crary, J.I., et al. Mechanism of inhibition of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels by diacylglycerol. J. Gen. Physiol., 2000. 116(6): 755-768.
124. Rebrik, T.I. and J.I. Korenbrot. In intact cone photoreceptors, a Ca2+-dependent, diffusible factor modulates the cGMP-gated ion channels differently than in rods. J. Gen. Physiol., 1998. 112(5): 537-548.
125. Ko, G.Y., M.L. Ko, and S.E. Dryer. Circadian regulation of cGMP-gated cationic channels of chick retinal cones. Erk MAP Kinase and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Neuron, 2001. 29(1): 255-266.
126. Yau, K.W. and D.A. Baylor, Cyclic GMP-activated conductance of retinal photoreceptor cells. Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 1989. 12: 289-327.
127. Cobbs, W.H. and E.N. Pugh, Jr. Kinetics and components of the flash photocurrent of isolated retinal rods of the larval salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. J. Physiol., 1987. 394: 529-572.
128. Yau, K.W. and K. Nakatani. Light-suppressible, cyclic GMP-sensitive conductance in the plasma membrane of a truncated rod outer segment. Nature, 1985. 317(6034): 252-255.
129. Koch, K.W. and L. Stryer. Highly cooperative feedback control of retinal rod guanylate cyclase by calcium ions. Nature, 1988. 334(6177): 64-66.
130. Lolley, R.N. and E. Racz. Calcium modulation of cyclic GMP synthesis in rat visual cells. Vision Res., 1982. 22(12): 1481-1486.
131. Hsu, Y.T. and R.S. Molday. Modulation of the cGMP-gated channel of rod photoreceptor cells by calmodulin. Nature, 1993. 361(6407): 76-79.
132. Kawamura, S., et al. Recoverin has S-modulin activity in frog rods. J. Biol. Chem., 1993. 268(20): 14579-14582.
133. Lagnado, L. and D.A. Baylor. Calcium controls light-triggered formation of catalytically active rhodopsin. Nature, 1994. 367(6460): 273-277.
134. Frings, S., et al. Profoundly different calcium permeation and blockage determine the specific function of distinct cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. Neuron, 1995. 15(1): 169-179.
135. Dzeja, C., et al., Ca2+ permeation in cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. EMBO J., 1999. 18(1): 131-144.
136. Harbeck, B., et al. Phosphorylation of the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein regulates its interaction with actin. J. Biol. Chem., 2000. 275(40): 30817-30825.
137. Varnum, M.D. and W.N. Zagotta. Interdomain interactions underlying activation of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. Science, 1997. 278(5335): 110-113.
138. Kurahashi, T. and A. Menini. Mechanism of odorant adaptation in the olfactory receptor cell. Nature, 1997. 385(6618): 725-729.
139. Liu, M., et al. Calcium-calmodulin modulation of the olfactory cyclic nucleotidegated cation channel. Science, 1994. 266(5189): 1348-1354.
140. McNaughton, P.A. Light response of vertebrate photoreceptors. Physiol. Rev., 1990. 70(3): 847-883.
141. Pugh, E.N., Jr. and T.D. Lamb, Cyclic GMP and calcium: the internal messengers of excitation and adaptation in vertebrate photoreceptors. Vision Res., 1990. 30(12): 1923-1948.
142. Dryja, T.P., et al. Mutations in the gene encoding the alpha subunit of the rod cGMP-gated channel in autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1995. 92(22): 10177-10181.
143. Kohl, S., et al. Total colourblindness is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the alpha-subunit of the cone photoreceptor cGMP-gated cation channel. Nat. Genet., 1998. 19(3): 257-259.
144. Kohl, S., et al. Mutations in the CNGB3 gene encoding the beta-subunit of the cone photoreceptor cGMP-gated channel are responsible for achromatopsia (ACHM3) linked to chromosome 8q21. Hum. Mol. Genet., 2000. 9(14): 2107-2116.
145. Sundin, O.H., et al. Genetic basis of total colourblindness among the Pingelapese islanders. Nat. Genet., 2000. 25(3): 289-293.
146. Brunet, L.J., G.H. Gold, and J. Ngai. General anosmia caused by a targeted disruption of the mouse olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel. Neuron, 1996. 17(4): 681-693.
147. Baker, H., et al. Targeted deletion of a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel subunit (OCNC1): biochemical and morphological consequences in adult mice. J. Neurosci., 1999. 19(21): 9313-9321.
148. Parent, A., et al. Synaptic transmission and hippocampal long-term potentiation in olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel type 1 null mouse. J. Neurophysiol., 1998. 79(6): 3295-3301.
149. Biel, M., et al. Selective loss of cone function in mice lacking the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel CNG3. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1999. 96(13): 7553-7557.
150. Munger, S.D., et al. Central role of the CNGA4 channel subunit in Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent odor adaptation. Science, 2001. 294(5549): 2172-2175.
151. Kurenny, D.E., et al. Modulation of ion channels in rod photoreceptors by nitric oxide. Neuron, 1994. 13(2): 315-324.
152. Koch, K.W., et al. Functional coupling of a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent nitric oxide synthase and a soluble guanylyl cyclase in vertebrate photoreceptor cells. EMBO J., 1994. 13(14): 3312-3320.
153. Liepe, B.A., et al. Nitric oxide synthase in Muller cells and neurons of salamander and fish retina. J. Neurosci., 1994. 14(12): 7641-7654.
154. Savchenko, A., S. Barnes, and R.H. Kramer. Cyclic-nucleotide-gated channels mediate synaptic feedback by nitric oxide. Nature, 1997. 390(6661): 694-698.
155. Broillet, M.C. and S. Firestein. Direct activation of the olfactory cyclic nucleotidegated channel through modification of sulfhydryl groups by NO compounds. Neuron, 1996. 16(2): 377-385.
156. Brown, R.L., S.D. Snow, and T.L. Haley. Movement of gating machinery during the activation of rod cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. Biophys. J., 1998. 75(2): 825-833.
157. Komatsu, H., et al. Functional reconstitution of a heteromeric cyclic nucleotidegated channel of Caenorhabditis elegans in cultured cells. Brain Res., 1999. 821(1): 160-168.
158. Trivedi, B. and R.H. Kramer. Real-time patch-cram detection of intracellular cGMP reveals long-term suppression of responses to NO and muscarinic agonists. Neuron, 1998. 21(4): 895-906.
159. Breer, H., T. Klemm, and I. Boekhoff. Nitric oxide mediated formation of cyclic GMP in the olfactory system. Neuroreport, 1992. 3(11): 1030-1032.
160. Lischka, F.W. and D. Schild. Effects of nitric oxide upon olfactory receptor neurones in Xenopus laevis. Neuroreport, 1993. 4(5): 582-584.
161. Inamura, K., M. Kashiwayanagi, and K. Kurihara. Effects of cGMP and sodium nitroprusside on odor responses in turtle olfactory sensory neurons. Am. J. Physiol., 1998. 275(5 Pt 1): C1201- C1206.
162. Kawai, F. and P. Sterling, AMPA receptor activates a G-protein that suppresses a cGMP-gated current. J. Neurosci., 1999. 19(8): 2954-2959.
163. Kishimoto, J., et al. Localization of nitric oxide synthase in the mouse olfactory and vomeronasal system: a histochemical, immunological and in situ hybridization study. Eur. J. Neurosci., 1993. 5(12): 1684-1694.
164. Bredt, D.S. and S.H. Snyder. Nitric oxide: a physiologic messenger molecule. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 1994. 63: 175-195.
165. Kulkarni, A.P., T.V. Getchell, and M.L. Getchell. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase is localized in extrinsic nerves regulating perireceptor processes in the chemosensory nasal mucosae of rats and humans. J. Comp. Neurol., 1994. 345(1): 125-138.
166. Roskams, A.J., et al. Nitric oxide mediates the formation of synaptic connections in developing and regenerating olfactory receptor neurons. Neuron, 1994. 13(2): 289-299.
167. Marks, G.S., et al. Does carbon monoxide have a physiological function? Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 1991. 12(5): 185-18.
168. Goldberg, N.D., et al., 18O-Labeling of guanosine monophosphate upon hydrolysis of cyclic guanosine 3′:5′-monophosphate by phosphodiesterase. J. Biol. Chem., 1980. 255(21): 10344-10347.
169. Francis, S.H., et al. Zinc interactions and conserved motifs of the cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase suggest that it is a zinc hydrolase. J. Biol. Chem., 1994. 269(36): 22477-22480.
170. Butcher, R.W. and E.W. Sutherland, Adenosine 3′,5′-phosphate in biological materials. I. Purification and properties of cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase and use of this enzyme to characterize adenosine 3′,5′-phosphate in human urine. J. Biol. Chem., 1962. 237: 1244-1250.
171. Rall, T.W. and E.W. Sutherland. Formation of a cyclic adenine ribonucleotide by tissue particles. J. Biol. Chem., 1958. 232(2): 1065-1076.
172. Maurice, D.H., et al. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, expression, and targeting in cells of the cardiovascular system. Mol. Pharmacol., 2003. 64(3): 533-546.
173. Sheth, S.B., et al. Isolation and regulation of the cGMP-inhibited cAMP phosphodiesterase in human erythroleukemia cells. Thromb. Haemost., 1997. 77(1): 155-162.
174. Kakkar, R., R.V. Raju, and R.K. Sharma. Calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE1). Cell Mol. Life Sci., 1999. 55(8-9): 1164-1186.
175. Zhao, A.Z., et al. Recent advances in the study of Ca2+/CaM-activated phosphodiesterases: expression and physiological functions. Adv. Second Messenger Phosphoprotein Res., 1997. 31: 237-251.
176. Sonnenburg, W.K., D. Seger, and J.A. Beavo, Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding the "61-kDa” calmodulin-stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. Tissue-specific expression of structurally related isoforms. J. Biol. Chem., 1993. 268(1): 645-652.
177. Chiu, P.J., et al. Comparative effects of vinpocetine and 8-Br-cyclic GMP on the contraction and 45Ca-fluxes in the rabbit aorta. Am. J. Hypertens., 1988. 1(3 Pt 1): 262-268.
178. Rybalkin, S.D., et al. Calmodulin-stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE1C) is induced in human arterial smooth muscle cells of the synthetic, proliferative phenotype. J. Clin. Invest., 1997. 100(10): 2611-2621.
179. Rybalkin, S.D., et al. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C promotes human arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Circ. Res., 2002. 90(2): 151-157.
180. Han, P., et al. The calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase PDE1C down-regulates glucose-induced insulin secretion. J. Biol. Chem., 1999. 274(32): 22337-22344.
181. Bode, D.C., J.R. Kanter, and L.L. Brunton. Cellular distribution of phosphodiesterase isoforms in rat cardiac tissue. Circ. Res., 1991. 68(4):1070-1079.
182. Ashikaga, T., S.J. Strada, and W.J. Thompson. Altered expression of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isozymes during culture of aortic endothelial cells. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1997. 54(10): 1071-1079.
183. Martinez, S.E., et al. The two GAF domains in phosphodiesterase 2A have distinct roles in dimerization and in cGMP binding. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2002. 99(20): 13260-13265.
184. Juilfs, D.M., et al. A subset of olfactory neurons that selectively express cGMPstimulated phosphodiesterase (PDE2) and guanylyl cyclase-D define a unique olfactory signal transduction pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1997. 94(7): 3388-3395.
185. Sadhu, K., et al. Differential expression of the cyclic GMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase PDE2A in human venous and capillary endothelial cells. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 1999. 47(7): 895-906.
186. Dickinson, N.T., E.K. Jang, and R.J. Haslam. Activation of cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase by nitroprusside limits cAMP accumulation in human platelets: effects on platelet aggregation. Biochem. J., 1997. 323 (Pt 2): 371-377.
187. Wechsler, J., et al. Isoforms of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase PDE3A in cardiac myocytes. J. Biol. Chem., 2002. 277(41): 38072-38078.
188. Reinhardt, R.R., et al. Distinctive anatomical patterns of gene expression for cGMP-inhibited cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. J. Clin. Invest., 1995. 95(4): 1528-1538.
189. Shakur, Y., et al. Regulation and function of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE3) gene family. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol., 2001. 66: 241-277.
190. Vandecasteele, G., et al., Cyclic GMP regulation of the L-type Ca(2+) channel current in human atrial myocytes. J. Physiol., 2001. 533(Pt 2): 329-340.
191. Loughney, K., et al. Isolation and characterization of cDNAs encoding PDE5A, a human cGMP-binding, cGMP-specific 3′,5′-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. Gene, 1998. 216(1): 139-147.
192. Corbin, J.D. and S.H. Francis, Cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase-5: target of sildenafil. J. Biol. Chem., 1999. 274(20): 13729-13732.
193. Michelakis, E., et al. Oral sildenafil is an effective and specific pulmonary vasodilator in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: comparison with inhaled nitric oxide. Circulation, 2002. 105(20): 2398-2403.
194. Mullershausen, F., et al. Rapid nitric oxide-induced desensitization of the cGMP response is caused by increased activity of phosphodiesterase type 5 paralleled by phosphorylation of the enzyme. J. Cell Biol., 2001. 155(2): 271-278.
195. Mullershausen, F., et al. Direct activation of PDE5 by cGMP: long-term effects within NO/cGMP signaling. J. Cell Biol., 2003. 160(5): 719-727.
196. Yarfitz, S. and J.B. Hurley. Transduction mechanisms of vertebrate and invertebrate photoreceptors. J. Biol. Chem., 1994. 269(20): 14329-14332.
197. Soderling, S.H. and J.A. Beavo. Regulation of cAMP and cGMP signaling: new phosphodiesterases and new functions. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 2000. 12(2): 174-179.
198. van Staveren, W.C., et al., Cloning and localization of the cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 9 in the rat brain. J. Neurocytol., 2002. 31(8-9): 729-741.
199. Soderling, S.H., S.J. Bayuga, and J.A. Beavo. Identification and characterization of a novel family of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. J. Biol. Chem., 1998. 273(25): 15553-15558.
200. Soderling, S.H., S.J. Bayuga, and J.A. Beavo. Isolation and characterization of a dual-substrate phosphodiesterase gene family: PDE10A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1999. 96(12): 7071-7076.
201. Fujishige, K., et al. Cloning and characterization of a novel human phosphodiesterase that hydrolyzes both cAMP and cGMP (PDE10A). J. Biol. Chem., 1999. 274(26): 18438-18445.
202. Hetman, J.M., et al. Cloning and characterization of two splice variants of human phosphodiesterase 11A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2000. 97(23): 12891-12895.
203. Yuasa, K., et al. Genomic organization of the human phosphodiesterase PDE11A gene. Evolutionary relatedness with other PDEs containing GAF domains. Eur. J. Biochem., 2001. 268(1): 168-178.
204. Fawcett, L., et al. Molecular cloning and characterization of a distinct human phosphodiesterase gene family: PDE11A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2000. 97(7): 3702-3707.
205. Francis, S.H. and J.D. Corbin. Cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases: intracellular receptors for cAMP and cGMP action. Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci., 1999. 36(4): 275-328.
206. Francis, S.H., et al., Types I alpha and I beta isozymes of cGMP-dependent protein kinase: alternative mRNA splicing may produce different inhibitory domains. Second Messengers Phosphoproteins, 1988. 12(5-6): 301-310.
207. Wernet, W., V. Flockerzi, and F. Hofmann. The cDNA of the two isoforms of bovine cGMP-dependent protein kinase. FEBS Lett., 1989. 251(1-2): 191-196.
208. Uhler, M.D. Cloning and expression of a novel cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase from mouse brain. J. Biol. Chem., 1993. 268(18): 13586-13591.
209. Lohmann, S.M., et al. Distinct and specific functions of cGMP-dependent protein kinases. Trends Biochem. Sci., 1997. 22(8): 307-312.
210. Pfeifer, A., et al. Defective smooth muscle regulation in cGMP kinase I-deficient mice. EMBO J., 1998. 17(11): 3045-3051.
211. Feil, R., et al., Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinases and the cardiovascular system: insights from genetically modified mice. Circ. Res., 2003. 93(10): 907-916.
212. Wall, M.E., et al. Mechanisms associated with cGMP binding and activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2003. 100(5): 2380-2385.
213. Chu, D.M., et al. Activation by cyclic GMP binding causes an apparent conformational change in cGMP-dependent protein kinase. J. Biol. Chem., 1997. 272(50): 31922-31928.
214. Aitken, A., B.A. Hemmings, and F. Hofmann. Identification of the residues on cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase that are autophosphorylated in the presence of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1984. 790(3): 219-225.
215. Smith, J.A., et al. Autophosphorylation of type Ibeta cGMP-dependent protein kinase increases basal catalytic activity and enhances allosteric activation by cGMP or cAMP. J. Biol. Chem., 1996. 271(34): 20756-20762.
216. Francis, S.H., et al., Arginine 75 in the pseudosubstrate sequence of type Ibeta cGMP-dependent protein kinase is critical for autoinhibition, although autophosphorylated serine 63 is outside this sequence. J. Biol. Chem., 1996. 271(34): 20748-20755.
217. Landgraf, W. and F. Hofmann. The amino terminus regulates binding to and activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Eur. J. Biochem., 1989. 181(3): 643-650.
218. de Jonge, H.R. and O.M. Rosen, Self-phosphorylation of cyclic guanosine 3′:5′-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase from bovine lung. Effect of cyclic adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate, cyclic guanosine 3′:5′-monophosphate and histone. J. Biol. Chem., 1977. 252(8): 2780-2783.
219. Gamm, D.M., et al. The type II isoform of cGMP-dependent protein kinase is dimeric and possesses regulatory and catalytic properties distinct from the type I isoforms. J. Biol. Chem., 1995. 270(45): 27380-27388.
220. Monken, C.E. and G.N. Gill. Structural analysis of cGMP-dependent protein kinase using limited proteolysis. J. Biol. Chem., 1980. 255(15): 7067-7070.
221. Wolfe, L., S.H. Francis, and J.D. Corbin. Properties of a cGMP-dependent monomeric protein kinase from bovine aorta. J. Biol. Chem., 1989. 264(7): 4157-4162.
222. Sinnaeve, P., et al. Overexpression of a constitutively active protein kinase G mutant reduces neointima formation and in-stent restenosis. Circulation, 2002. 105(24): 2911-2916.
223. Pussard, G., et al., Endothelin-1 modulates cyclic GMP production and relaxation in human pulmonary vessels. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1995. 274(2): 969-975.
224. Iranami, H., et al., A beta-adrenoceptor agonist evokes a nitric oxide-cGMP relaxation mechanism modulated by adenylyl cyclase in rat aorta. Halothane does not inhibit this mechanism. Anesthesiology, 1996. 85(5): 1129-1138.
225. Trovati, M., et al. Insulin increases cyclic nucleotide content in human vascular smooth muscle cells: a mechanism potentially involved in insulin-induced modulation of vascular tone. Diabetologia, 1995. 38(8): 936-941.
226. Trovati, M., et al. Studies on the influence of insulin on cyclic adenosine monophosphate in human vascular smooth muscle cells: dependence on cyclic guanosine monophosphate and modulation of catecholamine effects. Diabetologia, 1996. 39(10): 1156-1164.
227. Rosenfeld, C.R., et al. Nitric oxide contributes to estrogen-induced vasodilation of the ovine uterine circulation. J. Clin. Invest., 1996. 98(9): 2158-2166.
228. White, R.E., D.J. Darkow, and J.L. Lang. Estrogen relaxes coronary arteries by opening BKCa channels through a cGMP-dependent mechanism. Circ. Res., 1995. 77(5): 936-942.
229. Clifton, V.L., et al. Corticotropin-releasing hormone-induced vasodilatation in the human fetal-placental circulation: involvement of the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate-mediated pathway. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1995. 80(10): 2888-2893.
230. Huang, P.L., et al. Hypertension in mice lacking the gene for endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Nature, 1995. 377(6546): 239-242.
231. Sausbier, M., et al. Mechanisms of NO/cGMP-dependent vasorelaxation. Circ. Res., 2000. 87(9): 825-830.
232. Massberg, S., et al. Increased adhesion and aggregation of platelets lacking cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate kinase I. J. Exp. Med., 1999. 189(8): 1255-1264.
233. Furukawa, K., Y. Tawada, and M. Shigekawa. Regulation of the plasma membrane Ca2+ pump by cyclic nucleotides in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. J. Biol. Chem., 1988. 263(17): 8058-8065.
234. Vrolix, M., et al., Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase stimulates the plasmalemmal Ca2+ pump of smooth muscle via phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol. Biochem. J., 1988. 255(3): 855-863.
235. Yoshida, Y., et al., Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase stimulates the plasma membrane Ca2+ pump ATPase of vascular smooth muscle via phosphorylation of a 240-kDa protein. J. Biol. Chem., 1991. 266(29): 19819-19825.
236. Cornwell, T.L., et al. Regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum protein phosphorylation by localized cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase in vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol. Pharmacol., 1991. 40(6): 923-931.
237. Quignard, J.F., et al. Voltage-gated calcium channel currents in human coronary myocytes. Regulation by cyclic GMP and nitric oxide. J. Clin. Invest., 1997. 99(2): 185-193.
238. Tewari, K. and J.M. Simard. Sodium nitroprusside and cGMP decrease Ca2+ channel availability in basilar artery smooth muscle cells. Pflugers Arch., 1997. 433(3): 304-311.
239. Clapp, L.H. and A.M. Gurney. Modulation of calcium movements by nitroprusside in isolated vascular smooth muscle cells. Pflugers Arch., 1991. 418(5): 462-470.
240. Yamakage, M., C.A. Hirshman, and T.L. Croxton. Sodium nitroprusside stimulates Ca2+-activated K+ channels in porcine tracheal smooth muscle cells. Am. J. Physiol., 1996. 270(3 Pt 1): L338- L345.
241. Mikawa, K., H. Kume, and K. Takagi. Effects of atrial natriuretic peptide and 8-brom cyclic guanosine monophosphate on human tracheal smooth muscle. Arzneimittelforschung, 1998. 48(9): 914-918.
242. Tanaka, Y., et al. Involvement of maxi-K(Ca) channel activation in atrial natriuretic peptide-induced vasorelaxation. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol., 1998. 357(6): 705-708.
243. Zhou, X.B., et al. Protein phosphatase 2A is essential for the activation of Ca2+-activated K+ currents by cGMP-dependent protein kinase in tracheal smooth muscle and Chinese hamster ovary cells. J. Biol. Chem., 1996. 271(33): 19760-19767.
244. Komalavilas, P. and T.M. Lincoln. Phosphorylation of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor by cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase. J. Biol. Chem., 1994. 269(12): 8701-8707.
245. Komalavilas, P. and T.M. Lincoln. Phosphorylation of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor. Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase mediates cAMP and cGMP dependent phosphorylation in the intact rat aorta. J. Biol. Chem., 1996. 271(36): 21933-21938.
246. Schlossmann, J., et al. Regulation of intracellular calcium by a signalling complex of IRAG, IP3 receptor and cGMP kinase Ibeta. Nature, 2000. 404(6774): 197-201.
247. Lincoln, T.M. and T.L. Cornwell. Intracellular cyclic GMP receptor proteins. FASEB J., 1993. 7(2): 328-338.
248. Feil, R., et al. Functional reconstitution of vascular smooth muscle cells with cGMP-dependent protein kinase I isoforms. Circ. Res., 2002. 90(10): 1080-1086.
249. Chen, X.L. and C.M. Rembold. Cyclic nucleotide-dependent regulation of Mn2+ influx, [Ca2+]i, and arterial smooth muscle relaxation. Am. J. Physiol., 1992. 263(2 Pt 1): C468- C473.
250. Lee, M.R., L. Li, and T. Kitazawa, Cyclic GMP causes Ca2+ desensitization in vascular smooth muscle by activating the myosin light chain phosphatase. J. Biol. Chem., 1997. 272(8): 5063-5068.
251. Wu, X., A.V. Somlyo, and A.P. Somlyo, Cyclic GMP-dependent stimulation reverses G-protein-coupled inhibition of smooth muscle myosin light chain phosphate. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1996. 220(3): 658-663.
252. Surks, H.K., et al. Regulation of myosin phosphatase by a specific interaction with cGMP-dependent protein kinase Ialpha. Science, 1999. 286(5444): 1583-1587.
253. Walker, L.A., et al. Site-specific phosphorylation and point mutations of telokin modulate its Ca2+-desensitizing effect in smooth muscle. J. Biol. Chem., 2001. 276(27): 24519-24524.
254. Nishikawa, M., et al. Phosphorylation of mammalian myosin light chain kinases by the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and by cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase. J. Biol. Chem., 1984. 259(13): 8429-8436.
255. Sauzeau, V., et al., Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase signaling pathway inhibits RhoA-induced Ca2+ sensitization of contraction in vascular smooth muscle. J. Biol. Chem., 2000. 275(28): 21722-21729.
256. Sauzeau, V., et al., RhoA expression is controlled by nitric oxide through cGMPdependent protein kinase activation. J. Biol. Chem., 2003. 278(11): 9472-9480.
257. Reinhard, M., et al., The 46/50 kDa phosphoprotein VASP purified from human platelets is a novel protein associated with actin filaments and focal contacts. EMBO J., 1992. 11(6): 2063-2070.
258. Smolenski, A., et al. Regulation of human endothelial cell focal adhesion sites and migration by cGMP-dependent protein kinase I. J. Biol. Chem., 2000. 275(33): 25723-25732.
259. Murphy-Ullrich, J.E., et al., Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase is required for thrombospondin and tenascin mediated focal adhesion disassembly. J. Cell Sci., 1996. 109 (Pt 10): 2499-2508.
260. Draijer, R., et al. Expression of cGMP-dependent protein kinase I and phosphorylation of its substrate, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, in human endothelial cells of different origin. Circ. Res., 1995. 77(5): 897-905.
261. Aszodi, A., et al. The vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) is involved in cGMP- and cAMP-mediated inhibition of agonist-induced platelet aggregation, but is dispensable for smooth muscle function. EMBO J., 1999. 18(1): 37-48.
262. Jerius, H., et al. Endothelial-dependent vasodilation is associated with increases in the phosphorylation of a small heat shock protein (HSP20). J. Vasc. Surg., 1999. 29(4): 678-684.
263. Beall, A., et al. The small heat shock-related protein, HSP20, is phosphorylated on serine 16 during cyclic nucleotide-dependent relaxation. J. Biol. Chem., 1999. 274(16): 11344-11351.
264. Brophy, C.M., S. Lamb, and A. Graham. The small heat shock-related protein-20 is an actin-associated protein. J. Vasc. Surg., 1999. 29(2): 326-333.
265. Tessier, D.J., et al. The small heat shock protein (HSP) 20 is dynamically associated with the actin cross-linking protein actinin. J. Surg. Res., 2003. 111(1): 152-157.
266. Beall, A.C., et al. Cyclic nucleotide-dependent vasorelaxation is associated with the phosphorylation of a small heat shock-related protein. J. Biol. Chem., 1997. 272(17): 11283-11287.
267. Brophy, C.M., et al. Small heat shock proteins and vasospasm in human umbilical artery smooth muscle. Biol. Reprod., 1997. 57(6): 1354-1359.
268. Radomski, M.W., R.M. Palmer, and S. Moncada. Comparative pharmacology of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, nitric oxide and prostacyclin in platelets. Br. J. Pharmacol., 1987. 92(1): 181-187.
269. Radomski, M.W., R.M. Palmer, and S. Moncada. Endogenous nitric oxide inhibits human platelet adhesion to vascular endothelium. Lancet, 1987. 2(8567): 1057-1058.
270. Radomski, M.W., R.M. Palmer, and S. Moncada. The anti-aggregating properties of vascular endothelium: interactions between prostacyclin and nitric oxide. Br. J. Pharmacol., 1987. 92(3): 639-646.
271. Moro, M.A., et al., cGMP mediates the vascular and platelet actions of nitric oxide: confirmation using an inhibitor of the soluble guanylyl cyclase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1996. 93(4): 1480-1485.
272. Radomski, M.W., R.M. Palmer, and S. Moncada, An L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway present in human platelets regulates aggregation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1990. 87(13): 5193-5197.
273. Buechler, W.A., et al. Soluble guanylyl cyclase and platelet function. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 1994. 714: 151-157.
274. Haslam, R.J., N.T. Dickinson, and E.K. Jang. Cyclic nucleotides and phosphodiesterases in platelets. Thromb. Haemost., 1999. 82(2): 412-423.
275. Nakashima, S., et al. Inhibitory action of cyclic GMP on secretion, polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis and calcium mobilization in thrombin-stimulated human platelets. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1986. 135(3): 1099-1104.
276. Geiger, J., et al. Role of cGMP and cGMP-dependent protein kinase in nitrovasodilator inhibition of agonist-evoked calcium elevation in human platelets. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1992. 89(3): 1031-1035.
277. Johansson, J.S. and D.H. Haynes, Cyclic GMP increases the rate of the calcium extrusion pump in intact human platelets but has no direct effect on the dense tubular calcium accumulation system. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1992. 1105(1): 40-50.
278. Morgan, R.O. and A.C. Newby. Nitroprusside differentially inhibits ADP-stimulated calcium influx and mobilization in human platelets. Biochem. J., 1989. 258(2): 447-454.
279. Trepakova, E.S., R.A. Cohen, and V.M. Bolotina. Nitric oxide inhibits capacitative cation influx in human platelets by promoting sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase-dependent refilling of Ca2+ stores. Circ. Res., 1999. 84(2): 201-209.
280. Cavallini, L., et al. Prostacyclin and sodium nitroprusside inhibit the activity of the platelet inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor and promote its phosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem., 1996. 271(10): 5545-5551.
281. Ryningen, A., B. Olav Jensen, and H. Holmsen. Elevation of cyclic AMP decreases phosphoinositide turnover and inhibits thrombin-induced secretion in human platelets. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1998. 1394(2-3): 235-248.
282. Murohara, T., et al. Inhibition of nitric oxide biosynthesis promotes P-selectin expression in platelets. Role of protein kinase C. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 1995. 15(11): 2068-2075.
283. Michelson, A.D., et al. Effects of nitric oxide/EDRF on platelet surface glycoproteins. Am. J. Physiol., 1996. 270(5 Pt 2): H1640- H1648.
284. Mendelsohn, M.E., et al. Inhibition of fibrinogen binding to human platelets by S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine. J. Biol. Chem., 1990. 265(31): 19028-19034.
285. Wang, G.R., et al. Mechanism of platelet inhibition by nitric oxide: in vivo phosphorylation of thromboxane receptor by cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1998. 95(9): 4888-4893.
286. Aktas, B., et al. Inhibition of platelet P2Y12 and alpha2A receptor signaling by cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2002. 64(3): 433-439.
287. Reinhard, M., T. Jarchau, and U. Walter. Actin-based motility: stop and go with Ena/VASP proteins. Trends Biochem. Sci., 2001. 26(4): 243-249.
288. Butt, E., et al. Heat shock protein 27 is a substrate of cGMP-dependent protein kinase in intact human platelets: phosphorylation-induced actin polymerization caused by HSP27 mutants. J. Biol. Chem., 2001. 276(10): 7108-7113.
289. Butt, E., et al. Actin binding of human LIM and SH3 protein is regulated by cGMP- and cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation on serine 146. J. Biol. Chem., 2003. 278(18): 15601-15607.
290. Saklatvala, J., et al. Role for p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in platelet aggregation caused by collagen or a thromboxane analogue. J. Biol. Chem., 1996. 271(12): 6586-6589.
291. Schwarz, U.R., et al. Inhibition of agonist-induced p42 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and CD40 ligand/P-selectin expression by cyclic nucleotide-regulated pathways in human platelets. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2000. 60(9): 1399-1407.
292. Reep, B.R. and E.G. Lapetina. Nitric oxide stimulates the phosphorylation of rap1b in human platelets and acts synergistically with iloprost. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1996. 219(1): 1-5.
293. Miura, Y., et al. Phosphorylation of smg p21B/rap1B p21 by cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase. FEBS Lett., 1992. 297(1-2): 171-174.
294. Garthwaite, J., S.L. Charles, and R. Chess-Williams. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor release on activation of NMDA receptors suggests role as intercellular messenger in the brain. Nature, 1988. 336(6197): 385-388.
295. Murphy, S. Production of nitric oxide by glial cells: regulation and potential roles in the CNS. Glia, 2000. 29(1): 1-13.
296. Dinerman, J.L., et al. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase localized to hippocampal pyramidal cells: implications for synaptic plasticity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1994. 91(10): 4214-4218.
297. Wiencken, A.E. and V.A. Casagrande. Endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS) in astrocytes: another source of nitric oxide in neocortex. Glia, 1999. 26(4): 280-290.
298. Bohme, G.A., et al. Possible involvement of nitric oxide in long-term potentiation. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1991. 199(3): 379-381.
299. O’Dell, T.J., et al. Tests of the roles of two diffusible substances in long-term potentiation: evidence for nitric oxide as a possible early retrograde messenger. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1991. 88(24): 11285-11289.
300. Schuman, E.M. and D.V. Madison. A requirement for the intercellular messenger nitric oxide in long-term potentiation. Science, 1991. 254(5037): 1503-1506.
301. Haley, J.E., G.L. Wilcox, and P.F. Chapman. The role of nitric oxide in hippocampal long-term potentiation. Neuron, 1992. 8(2): 211-216.
302. O’Dell, T.J., et al., Endothelial NOS and the blockade of LTP by NOS inhibitors in mice lacking neuronal NOS. Science, 1994. 265(5171): 542-546.
303. Son, H., et al. Long-term potentiation is reduced in mice that are doubly mutant in endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Cell, 1996. 87(6): 1015-1023.
304. Zhuo, M., et al. Role of guanylyl cyclase and cGMP-dependent protein kinase in long-term potentiation. Nature, 1994. 368(6472): 635-639.
305. El-Husseini, A.E., et al. Localization of the cGMP-dependent protein kinases in relation to nitric oxide synthase in the brain. J. Chem. Neuroanat., 1999. 17(1): 45-55.
306. Kleppisch, T., et al. Long-term potentiation in the hippocampal CA1 region of mice lacking cGMP-dependent kinases is normal and susceptible to inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. J. Neurosci., 1999. 19(1): 48-55.
307. Shibuki, K. and D. Okada. Endogenous nitric oxide release required for long-term synaptic depression in the cerebellum. Nature, 1991. 349(6307): 326-328.
308. Lev-Ram, V., et al. Absence of cerebellar long-term depression in mice lacking neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Learn. Mem., 1997. 4(1): 169-177.
309. Lev-Ram, V., et al. Synergies and coincidence requirements between NO, cGMP, and Ca2+ in the induction of cerebellar long-term depression. Neuron, 1997. 18(6): 1025-1038.
310. Linden, D.J. and J.A. Connor. Long-term depression of glutamate currents in cultured cerebellar purkinje neurons does not require nitric oxide signalling. Eur J. Neurosci., 1992. 4(1): 10-15.
311. Feil, R., et al. Impairment of LTD and cerebellar learning by Purkinje cell-specific ablation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase I. J. Cell Biol., 2003. 163(2): 295-302.
312. Boxall, A.R. and J. Garthwaite. Long-term depression in rat cerebellum requires both NO synthase and NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase. Eur J. Neurosci., 1996. 8(10): 2209-2212.
313. Hartell, N.A. Inhibition of cGMP breakdown promotes the induction of cerebellar long-term depression. J. Neurosci., 1996. 16(9): 2881-2890.
314. Meller, S.T. and G.F. Gebhart. Nitric oxide (NO) and nociceptive processing in the spinal cord. Pain, 1993. 52(2): 127-136.
315. Sluka, K.A. and W.D. Willis. Increased spinal release of excitatory amino acidsfollowing intradermal injection of capsaicin is reduced by a protein kinase G inhibitor. Brain Res., 1998. 798(1-2): 281-286.
316. Kitto, K.F., J.E. Haley, and G.L. Wilcox. Involvement of nitric oxide in spinally mediated hyperalgesia in the mouse. Neurosci. Lett., 1992. 148(1-2): 1-5.
317. Malmberg, A.B. and T.L. Yaksh. Spinal nitric oxide synthesis inhibition blocks NMDA-induced thermal hyperalgesia and produces antinociception in the formalin test in rats. Pain, 1993. 54(3): 291-300.
318. Zhuo, M., S.T. Meller, and G.F. Gebhart. Endogenous nitric oxide is required for tonic cholinergic inhibition of spinal mechanical transmission. Pain, 1993. 54(1): 71-78.
319. Gillespie, J.S. Searching for non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic autonomic transmitter, in Pharmacology, M.J. Rand, Raper, C., eds. 1987, Excerta Medica: Amsterdam. 161-170.
320. Moncada, S., A. Higgs, and R. Furchgott, International Union of Pharmacology Nomenclature in Nitric Oxide Research. Pharmacol. Rev., 1997. 49(2): 137-142.
321. Fykse, E.M., C. Li, and T.C. Sudhof. Phosphorylation of rabphilin-3A by Ca2+/calmodulin- and cAMP-dependent protein kinases in vitro. J. Neurosci., 1995. 15(3 Pt 2): 2385-2395.
322. Smith, S.L. and T.S. Otis. Persistent changes in spontaneous firing of Purkinje neurons triggered by the nitric oxide signaling cascade. J. Neurosci., 2003. 23(2): 367-372.
323. Wang, T., Z. Xie, and B. Lu. Nitric oxide mediates activity-dependent synaptic suppression at developing neuromuscular synapses. Nature, 1995. 374(6519): 262-266.
324. Huganir, R.L. and K. Miles. Protein phosphorylation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 1989. 24(3): 183-215.
325. Luise, M., et al. Dystrophin is phosphorylated by endogenous protein kinases. Biochem. J., 1993. 293 (Pt. 1): 243-247.
326. Huang, C.C., S.H. Chan, and K.S. Hsu, cGMP/protein kinase G-dependent potentiation of glutamatergic transmission induced by nitric oxide in immature rat rostral ventrolateral medulla neurons in vitro. Mol. Pharmacol., 2003. 64(2): 521-532.
327. Stanton, P.K., et al. Long-term depression of presynaptic release from the readily releasable vesicle pool induced by NMDA receptor-dependent retrograde nitric oxide. J. Neurosci., 2003. 23(13): 5936-5944.
328. Kone, B.C. and C. Baylis. Biosynthesis and homeostatic roles of nitric oxide in the normal kidney. Am. J. Physiol., 1997. 272(5 Pt 2): F561- F578.
329. Ren, Y.L., J.L. Garvin, and O.A. Carretero. Role of macula densa nitric oxide and cGMP in the regulation of tubuloglomerular feedback. Kidney Int., 2000. 58(5): 2053-2060.
330. Wilcox, C.S. Role of macula densa NOS in tubuloglomerular feedback. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens., 1998. 7(4): 443-449.
331. Kurtz, A. and C. Wagner. Role of nitric oxide in the control of renin secretion. Am. J. Physiol., 1998. 275(6 Pt 2): F849- F862.
332. Kurtz, A., et al. Mode of nitric oxide action on the renal vasculature. Acta Physiol. Scand., 2000. 168(1): 41-45.
333. Lahera, V., et al. Effects of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine and L-arginine on acetylcholine renal response. Hypertension, 1990. 15(6 Pt 1): 659-663.
334. Majid, D.S., et al. Renal responses to intra-arterial administration of nitric oxide donor in dogs. Hypertension, 1993. 22(4): 535-541.
335. Lahera, V., et al. Exogenous cGMP prevents decrease in diuresis and natriuresis induced by inhibition of NO synthesis. Am. J. Physiol., 1993. 264(2 Pt 2): F344-F347.
336. Lahera, V., et al. Effects of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester on renal function and blood pressure. Am. J. Physiol., 1991. 261(6 Pt 2): F1033- F1037.
337. Wagner, C., et al. Role of cGMP-kinase II in the control of renin secretion and renin expression. J. Clin. Invest., 1998. 102(8): 1576-1582.
338. Moreland, R.B., I. Goldstein, and A. Traish, Sildenafil, a novel inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 in human corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells. Life Sci., 1998. 62(20): PL 309-318.
339. Trigo-Rocha, F., et al. The role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, endothelium and nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurotransmission in canine penile erection. J. Urol., 1993. 149(4): 872-877.
340. Maytom, M.C., et al., A two-part pilot study of sildenafil (VIAGRA) in men with erectile dysfunction caused by spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 1999. 37(2): 110-116.
341. Hedlund, P., et al. Erectile dysfunction in cyclic GMP-dependent kinase I-deficient mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2000. 97(5): 2349-2354.
342. Yallampalli, C., R.E. Garfield, and M. Byam-Smith. Nitric oxide inhibits uterine contractility during pregnancy but not during delivery. Endocrinology, 1993. 133(4): 1899-1902.
343. Izumi, H., C. Yallampalli, and R.E. Garfield. Gestational changes in L-arginineinduced relaxation of pregnant rat and human myometrial smooth muscle. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 1993. 169(5): 1327-1337.
344. Weiner, C.P. and L.P. Thompson. Nitric oxide and pregnancy. Semin. Perinatol., 1997. 21(5): 367-380.
345. Amin, A.R. and S.B. Abramson. The role of nitric oxide in articular cartilage breakdown in osteoarthritis. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol., 1998. 10(3): 263-268.
346. Stern, P.H. and J. Diamond. Sodium nitroprusside increases cyclic GMP in fetal rat bone cells and inhibits resorption of fetal rat limb bones. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol., 1992. 75(1): 19-28.
347. Holliday, L.S., et al., Low NO concentrations inhibit osteoclast formation in mouse marrow cultures by cGMP-dependent mechanism. Am. J. Physiol., 1997. 272(3 Pt 2): F283-291.
348. Van Epps-Fung, C., et al. Regulation of osteoclastic acid secretion by cGMPdependent protein kinase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1994. 204(2): 565-571.
349. Otsuka, E., et al. Effects of nitric oxide from exogenous nitric oxide donors on osteoblastic metabolism. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1998. 349(2-3): 345-350.
350. Kalra, D., et al. Nitric oxide provokes tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in adult feline myocardium through a cGMP-dependent pathway. Circulation, 2000. 102(11): 1302-1307.
351. Perez-Sala, D. and S. Lamas. Regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by nitric oxide in cells. Antioxid. Redox. Signal, 2001. 3(2): 231-248.
352. Tetsuka, T., et al. Nitric oxide amplifies interleukin 1-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in rat mesangial cells. J. Clin. Invest., 1996. 97(9): 2051-2056.
353. Bouchie, J.L., H. Hansen, and E.P. Feener. Natriuretic factors and nitric oxide suppress plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Role of cGMP in the regulation of the plasminogen system. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 1998. 18(11): 1771-1779.
354. Gudi, T., S.M. Lohmann, and R.B. Pilz. Regulation of gene expression by cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase requires nuclear translocation of the kinase: identification of a nuclear localization signal. Mol. Cell Biol., 1997. 17(9): 5244-5254.
355. Gudi, T., et al., NO activation of fos promoter elements requires nuclear translocation of G-kinase I and CREB phosphorylation but is independent of MAP kinase activation. Oncogene, 2000. 19(54): 6324-6333.
356. Gudi, T., et al., cGMP-dependent protein kinase inhibits serum-response elementdependent transcription by inhibiting rho activation and functions. J. Biol. Chem., 2002. 277(40): 37382-37393.
357. Pilz, R.B., et al. Nitric oxide and cGMP analogs activate transcription from AP-1-responsive promoters in mammalian cells. FASEB J., 1995. 9(7): 552-558.
358. Haby, C., et al. Stimulation of the cyclic GMP pathway by NO induces expression of the immediate early genes c-fos and junB in PC12 cells. J. Neurochem., 1994. 62(2): 496-501.
359. Johnston, H.M. and B.J. Morris, N-methyl-D-aspartate and nitric oxide regulate the expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res., 1995. 31(1-2): 141-150.
360. Gudi, T., et al. Regulation of gene expression by cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Transactivation of the c-fos promoter. J. Biol. Chem., 1996. 271(9): 4597-4600.
361. Casteel, D.E., et al., cGMP-dependent protein kinase I beta physically and functionally interacts with the transcriptional regulator TFII-I. J. Biol. Chem., 2002. 277(35): 32003-32014.
362. Cibelli, G., et al. Nitric oxide-induced programmed cell death in human neuroblastoma cells is accompanied by the synthesis of Egr-1, a zinc finger transcription factor. J. Neurosci. Res., 2002. 67(4): 450-460.
363. He, B. and G.F. Weber. Phosphorylation of NF-kappaB proteins by cyclic GMPdependent kinase. A noncanonical pathway to NF-kappaB activation. Eur. J. Biochem., 2003. 270(10): 2174-2185.
364. Fiedler, B., et al. Inhibition of calcineurin-NFAT hypertrophy signaling by cGMPdependent protein kinase type I in cardiac myocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2002. 99(17): 11363-11368.
365. Wu, C.F., N.H. Bishopric, and R.E. Pratt. Atrial natriuretic peptide induces apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. J. Biol. Chem., 1997. 272(23): 14860-14866.
366. Li, J., et al. Nitric oxide reversibly inhibits seven members of the caspase family via S-nitrosylation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1997. 240(2): 419-424.
367. Kim, Y.M., et al. Nitric oxide prevents tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced rat hepatocyte apoptosis by the interruption of mitochondrial apoptotic signaling through S-nitrosylation of caspase-8. Hepatology, 2000. 32(4 Pt 1): 770-778.
368. Ciani, E., et al. Nitric oxide protects neuroblastoma cells from apoptosis induced by serum deprivation through cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) activation. J. Biol. Chem., 2002. 277(51): 49896-49902.
369. Andoh, T., C.C. Chiueh, and P.B. Chock, Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase regulates the expression of thioredoxin and thioredoxin peroxidase-1 during hormesis in response to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem., 2003. 278(2): 885-890.
370. Akahori, M., et al. Nitric oxide ameliorates actinomycin D/endotoxin-induced apoptotic liver failure in mice. J. Surg. Res., 1999. 85(2): 286-293.
371. Kim, Y.M., R.V. Talanian, and T.R. Billiar. Nitric oxide inhibits apoptosis by preventing increases in caspase-3-like activity via two distinct mechanisms. J. Biol. Chem., 1997. 272(49): 31138-31148.
372. Desai, K.M., W.C. Sessa, and J.R. Vane. Involvement of nitric oxide in the reflex relaxation of the stomach to accommodate food or fluid. Nature, 1991. 351(6326): 477-479.
373. Burns, A.J., et al. Interstitial cells of Cajal mediate inhibitory neurotransmission in the stomach. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1996. 93(21): 12008-12013.
374. Huber, A., et al. Protein kinase G expression in the small intestine and functional importance for smooth muscle relaxation. Am. J. Physiol., 1998. 275(4 Pt 1): G629- G637.
375. Huang, P.L., et al. Targeted disruption of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase gene. Cell, 1993. 75(7): 1273-1286.
376. Rogers, N.E. and L.J. Ignarro. Constitutive nitric oxide synthase from cerebellum is reversibly inhibited by nitric oxide formed from L-arginine. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1992. 189(1): 242-249.
377. Griscavage, J.M., et al. Nitric oxide inhibits neuronal nitric oxide synthase by interacting with the heme prosthetic group. Role of tetrahydrobiopterin in modulating the inhibitory action of nitric oxide. J. Biol. Chem., 1994. 269(34): 21644-21649.
378. Abu-Soud, H.M., et al. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase self-inactivates by forming a ferrous-nitrosyl complex during aerobic catalysis. J. Biol. Chem., 1995. 270(39): 22997-13006.
379. Lee, Y.C., E. Martin, and F. Murad. Human recombinant soluble guanylyl cyclase: expression, purification, and regulation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2000. 97(20): 10763-10768.
380. Papapetropoulos, A., et al. Downregulation of nitrovasodilator-induced cyclic GMP accumulation in cells exposed to endotoxin or interleukin-1 beta. Br. J. Pharmacol., 1996. 118(6): 1359-1366.
381. Filippov, G., D.B. Bloch, and K.D. Bloch. Nitric oxide decreases stability of mRNAs encoding soluble guanylate cyclase subunits in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. J. Clin. Invest., 1997. 100(4): 942-948.
382. Soff, G.A., et al. Smooth muscle cell expression of type I cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase is suppressed by continuous exposure to nitrovasodilators, theophylline, cyclic GMP, and cyclic AMP. J. Clin. Invest., 1997. 100(10): 2580-2587.
383. Ferrero, R., et al. Nitric oxide-sensitive guanylyl cyclase activity inhibition through cyclic GMP-dependent dephosphorylation. J. Neurochem., 2000. 75(5): 2029-2039.
384. Wu, C.C., Ko, F.N., Kuo, S.E., Lee, F.Y., and Teng, C.M., VC-1 inhibited human platelet aggregation through NO-independent activation at soluble guanylate cyclase. Br. J. Pharmacol, 1995. 166: 1973-1978.
385. Stasch, J.P., Dembrowsky, K., Perzborn, E., Stahl, E., and Schramm, M. Cardiovascular action of a novel NO-independent guanylyl cyclase stimulator, BAY41-8543: in vivo studies. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2002. 135: 344-355.