Cell-surface association between matrix metalloproteinases and integrins: Role of the complexes in leukocyte migration and cancer progression

Blood

Volumn 108, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 1441-1450

  Stefanidakis, Michael ^a   Koivunen, Erkki ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

4 DEDIMETHYLAMINOSANCYCLINE; ABCIXIMAB; AE 941; ATA 161; ATN 161; BATIMASTAT; BETA INTEGRIN; BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CILENGITIDE; DOXYCYCLINE HYCLATE; EFALIZUMAB; EPTIFIBATIDE; ERLOTINIB; GELATINASE A; GELATINASE B; HU 1124; INTEGRIN INHIBITOR; MARIMASTAT; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE INHIBITOR; MEVINOLIN; MLN 01; MLN 02; MM 1270; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY LM 609; NATALIZUMAB; PRINOMASTAT; PROTEIN INHIBITOR; ROVELIZUMAB; TANOMASTAT; TETRACYCLINE DERIVATIVE; TIROFIBAN; TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANGIOGENESIS; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER INVASION; CELL MIGRATION; CELL SURFACE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CROHN DISEASE; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG TOLERABILITY; HUMAN; LEUKEMIA; LEUKOCYTE ADHERENCE; LEUKOCYTE MIGRATION; LEUKOCYTE MOTILITY; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN; PANCREAS CANCER; PERIODONTAL DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PSORIASIS; REVIEW; STOMACH CARCINOMA; TISSUE REPAIR;

EID: 33748189347     PISSN: 00064971     EISSN: 00064971     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-02-005363     Document Type: Review

References (153)

1. Bainton DF. Distinct granule populations in human neutrophils and lysosomal organelles identified by immuno-electron microscopy. J Immunol Methods. 1999;232:153-168.
2. Carlos TM, Harlan JM. Leukocyte-endothelial adhesion molecules. Blood. 1994;84:2068-2101.
3. DiVietro JA, Smith MJ, Smith BRE, Petruzzelli L, Larson RS, Lawrence MB. Immobilized IL-8 triggers progressive activation of neutrophils rolling in vitro on P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. J Immunol. 2001;167:4017-4025.
4. Arnaout MA. Structure and function of the leukocyte adhesion molecules CD11/CD18. Blood. 1990;75:1037-1050.
5. Shimaoka M, Lu CF, Salas A, Xiao T, Takagi J, Springer TA. Stabilizing the integrin alpha M inserted domain in alternative conformations with a range of engineered disulfide bonds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;99:16737-16741.
6. Adair BD, Xiong J-P, Maddock C, Goodman SL, Arnaout MA, Yeager M. Three-dimensional EM structure of the ectodomain of integrin alphaV-beta3 in a complex with fibronectin. J Cell Biol. 2005;168:1109-1118.
7. Arnaout MA, Remold-O'Donnell E, Pierce MW, Harris P, Tenen DG. Molecular cloning of the alpha subunit of human and guinea pig leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein Mo1: chromosomal localization and homology to the alpha subunits of integrins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988;85:2776-2780.
8. Van der Vieren M, Le Trong H, Wood C, et al. A novel leukointegrin, alpha d beta 2, binds preferentially to ICAM-3. Immunity. 1995;3:683-690.
9. Springer TA. Folding of the N-terminal, ligand-binding region of integrin alpha-subunits into a beta-propeller domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94:65-72.
10. Colombatti A, Bonaldo P. The superfamily of proteins with von Willebrand factor type A-like domains: one theme common to components of extracellular matrix, hemostasis, cellular adhesion, and defense mechanisms. Blood. 1991;77:2305-2315.
11. Takagi J, Springer TA. Integrin activation and structural rearrangement. Immunol Rev. 2002;186:141-163.
12. Arnaout MA. Leukocyte adhesion molecules deficiency: its structural basis, pathophysiology and implications for modulating the inflammatory response. Immunol Rev. 1990;114:145-180.
13. Hogg N, Stewart MP, Scarth SL, et al. A novel leukocyte adhesion deficiency caused by expressed but nonfunctional beta 2 integrins Mac-1 and LFA-1. J Clin Invest. 1999;103:97-106.
14. Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Lu H, Norman K, et al. Spontaneous skin ulceration and defective T cell function in CD18 null mice. J Exp Med. 1998;188:119-131.
15. Rickert P, Weiner OD, Wang F, Bourne HR, Servant G. Leukocytes navigate by compass: roles of PI3K gamma and its lipid products. Trends Cell Biol. 2000;10:466-473.
16. Nobes C, Hall A. Rho, rac, and cdc42 GTPases regulate the assembly of multimolecular focal complexes associated with actin stress fibers, lamellipodia, and filopodia. Cell. 1995;81:53-62.
17. Sanchez-Madrid F, del Pozo M. Leukocyte polarization in cell migration and immune interactions. EMBO J. 1999;18:501-511.
18. Webb DJ, Parsons JT, Horwitz AF. Adhesion assembly, disassembly and turnover in migrating cells: over and over and over again. Nat Cell Biol. 2002;4:E97-E100.
19. Chen W-T, Wang J-Y. Specialized surface protrusions of invasive cells, invadopodia and lamellipodia, have differential MT1-MMP, MMP-2, and TIMP-2 localization. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1999;878:361-371.
20. Nagase H, Woessner JF. Matrix metalloproteinases. J Biol Chem. 1999;274:21491-21494.
21. Sternlinct MD, Werb Z. How matrix metalloproteinases regulate cell behavior. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2001;17:463-516.
22. Egeblad M, Werb Z. New functions for the matrix metalloproteinases in cancer progression. Nat Rev Cancer. 2002;2:161-174.
23. Hamano Y, Zeisberg M, Sugimoto H, et al. Physiological levels of tumstatin, a fragment of collagen IV alpha 3 chain, are generated by MMP-9 proteolysis and suppress angiogenesis via alpha V beta 3 integrin. Cancer Cell. 2003;3:589-601.
24. Stricker TP, Dumin JA, Dickeson SK, et al. Structural analysis of the alpha(2) integrin I domain/procollagenase-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1) interaction. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:29375-29381.
25. Dumin JA, Dickeson SK, Stricker TP, et al. Pro-collagenase-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1) binds the alpha(2)beta(1) integrin upon release from keratinocytes migrating on type I collagen. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:29368-29374.
26. Guo HM, Li RS, Zucker S, Toole BP. EMMPRIN (CD147), an inducer of matrix metalloproteinase synthesis, also binds interstitial collagenase to the tumor cell surface. Cancer Res. 2000;60:888-891.
27. Boire A, Covic L, Agarwal A, Jacques S, Sherifi S, Kuliopulos A. PAR1 is a matrix metalloprotease-1 receptor that promotes invasion and tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells. Cell. 2005;120:303-313.
28. Brooks PC, Stromblad S, Sanders LC, et al. Localization of matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2 to the surface of invasive cells by interaction with integrin alpha v beta 3. Cell. 1996;85:683-693.
29. Yang ZT, Strickland DK, Bornstein P. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase 2 levels are regulated by the low density lipoprotein-related scavenger receptor and thrombospondin 2. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:8403-8408.
30. Steffensen B, Bigg HF, Overall CM. The involvement of the fibronectin type II-like modules of human gelatinase A in cell surface localization and activation. J Biol Chem. 1998;273:20622-20628.
31. Olson MW, Gervasi DC, Mobashery S, Fridman R. Kinetic analysis of the binding of human matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:29975-29983.
32. Puyraimond A, Fridman R, Lemesle M, Arbeille B, Menashi S. MMP-2 colocalizes with caveolae on the surface of endothelial cells. Exp Cell Res. 2001;262:28-36.
33. Eustace BK, Sakurai T, Stewart JK, et al. Functional proteomic screens reveal an essential extracellular role for Hsp90alpha in cancer cell invasiveness. Nat Cell Biol. 2004;6:507-514.
34. Strongin AY, Collier I, Bannikov G, Marmer BL, Grant GA, Goldberg GI. Mechanism of cell surface activation of 72-kDa type IV collagenase. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:5331-5338.
35. Fedarko NS, Jain A, Karadag A, Fisher LW. Three small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLINGs) bind and activate specific matrix metalloproteinases. FASEB J. 2004;18:734-736.
36. Yu W-H, Woessner JF Jr. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans as extracellular docking molecules for matrilysin (matrix metalloproteinase 7). J Biol Chem. 2000;275:4183-4191.
37. Maecker HT, Todd SC, Levy S. The tetraspanin superfamily: molecular facilitators. FASEB J. 1997;11:428-442.
38. Shiomi T, Inoki I, Kataoka F, et al. Pericellular activation of proMMP-7 (promatrilysin-1) through interaction with CD151. Lab Invest. 2005;85:1489-1506.
39. Okada Y, Gonoji Y, Naka K, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (92-kDa gelatinase/type IV collagenase) from HT 1080 human fibrosarcoma cells: purification and activation of the precursor and enzymic properties. J Biol Chem. 1992;267:21712-21719.
40. Takahashi C, Sheng ZQ, Horan TP, et al. Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and inhibition of tumor invasion by the membrane-anchored glycoprotein RECK. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998;95:13221-13226.
41. Yu Q, Stamenkovic I. Localization of matrix metalloproteinase 9 to the cell surface provides a mechanism for CD44-mediated tumor invasion. Genes Dev. 1999;13:35-48.
42. Fiore E, Fusco C, Romero P, Stamenkovic I. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9/gelatinase B) proteolytically cleaves ICAM-1 and participates in tumor cell resistance to natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Oncogene. 2002;21:5213-5223.
43. Hahn-Dantona E, Ruiz JF, Bornstein P, Strickland DK. The low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein modulates levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) by mediating its cellular catabolism. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:15498-15503.
44. Monferran S, Paupert J, Dauvillier S, Salles B, Muller C. The membrane form of the DNA repair protein Ku interacts at the cell surface with metalloproteinase 9. EMBO J. 2004;23:3758-3568.
45. O'Connell JP, Willenbrock F, Docherty AJ, Eaton D, Murphy G. Analysis of the role of the COOH-terminal domain in the activation, proteolytic activity, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase interactions of gelatinase B. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:14967-14973.
46. Rodriguez-Manzaneque JC, Lane TF, Ortega MA, Hynes RO, Lawler J, Iruela-Arispe ML. Thrombospondin-1 suppresses spontaneous tumor growth and inhibits activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and mobilization of vascular endothelial growth factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98:12485-12490.
47. Stefanidakis M, Ruohtula T, Borregaard N, Gahmberg CG, Koivunen E. Intracellular and cell surface localization of a complex between alpha-(M)beta(2) integrin and promatrix metalloproteinase-9 progelatinase in neutrophils. J Immunol. 2004;172:7060-7068.
48. Wang X-Q, Sun P, Paller AS. Ganglioside GM3 inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation and disrupts its association with integrin. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:25591-25599.
49. Morini M, Mottolese M, Ferrari N, et al. The a3b1 integrin is associated with mammary carcinoma cell metastasis, invasion, and gelatinase B (MMP-9) activity. Int J Cancer. 2000;87:336-342.
50. Bjorklund M, Heikkila P, Koivunen E. Peptide inhibition of catalytic and noncatalytic activities of matrix metalloproteinase-9 blocks tumor cell migration and invasion. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:29589-29597.
51. Galvez BG, Matias-Roman S, Yanez-Mo M, Sanchez-Madrid F, Arroyo AG. ECM regulates MT1-MMP localization with beta 1 or alpha v beta 3 integrins at distinct cell compartments modulating its internalization and activity on human endothelial cells. J Cell Biol. 2002;159:509-521.
52. Mori H, Tomari T, Koshikawa N, et al. CD44 directs membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase to lamellipodia by associating with its hemopexin-like domain. EMBO J. 2002;21:3949-3959.
53. Imai K, Ohuchi E, Aoki T, et al. Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 1 is a gelatinolytic enzyme and is secreted in a complex with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2. Cancer Res. 1996;56:2707-2710.
54. Tam EM, Wu YI, Butler GS, Stack MS, Overall CM. Collagen binding properties of the membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) hemopexin C domain: the ectodomain of the 44-kDa autocatalytic product of MT1-MMP inhibits cell invasion by disrupting native type I collagen cleavage. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:39005-39014.
55. Oh J, Takahashi R, Kondo S, et al. The membrane-anchored MMP inhibitor RECK is a key regulator of extracellular matrix integrity and angiogenesis. Cell. 2001;107:789-800.
56. Ellis V, Whawell SA, Werner F, Deadman JJ. Assembly of urokinase receptor-mediated plasminogen activation complexes involves direct, non-active-site interactions between urokinase and plasminogen. Biochemistry. 1999;38:651-659.
57. Xue W, Kindzelskii AL, Todd RF III, Petty HR. Physical association of complement receptor type 3 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in neutrophil membranes. J Immunol. 1994;152:4630-4640.
58. Xue W, Mizukami I, Todd RF, Petty HR. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptors associate with beta(1) and beta(3) integrins of fibrosarcoma cells: dependence on extracellular matrix components. Cancer Res. 1997;57:1682-1689.
59. Carriero MV, Del Vecchio S, Capozzoli M, et al. Urokinase receptor interacts with alpha(v)beta(5) vitronectin receptor, promoting urokinase-dependent cell migration in breast cancer. Cancer Res. 1999;59:5307-5314.
60. Wei Y, Eble JA, Wang ZM, Kreidberg JA, Chapman HA. Urokinase receptors promote beta 1 integrin function through interactions with integrin alpha 3 beta 1. Mol Biol Cell. 2001;12:2975-2986.
61. Cai TQ, Wright SD. Human leukocyte elastase is an endogenous ligand for the integrin CR3 (CD11b/CD18, Mac-1, alpha(M)beta(2)) and modulates polymorphonuclear leukocyte adhesion. J Exp Med. 1996;184:1213-1223.
62. Artym VV, Kindzelskii AL, Chen W-T, Petty HR. Molecular proximity of seprase and the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor on malignant melanoma cell membranes: dependence on beta1 integrins and the cytoskeleton. Carcinogenesis. 2002;23:1593-1602.
63. Monsky W, Lin C, Aoyama A, et al. A potential marker protease of invasiveness, seprase, is localized on invadopodia of human malignant melanoma cells. Cancer Res. 1994;54:5702-5710.
64. Ghersi G, Dong H, Goldstein LA, et al. Regulation of fibroblast migration on collagenous matrix by a cell surface peptidase complex. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:29231-29241.
65. Sun R, Iribarren P, Zhang N, et al. Identification of neutrophil granule protein cathepsin G as a novel chemotactic agonist for the G protein-coupled formyl peptide receptor. J Immunol. 2004;173:428-436.
66. Avril L, Di Martino-Ferrer M, Pignede G, Seman M, Gauthier F. Identification of the U-937 membrane-associated proteinase interacting with the V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 as cathepsin G. FEBS Lett. 1994;345:81-86.
67. Molino M, Di Lallo M, Martelli N, de Gaetano G, Cerletti C. Effects of leukocyte-derived cathepsin G on platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib-IX and IIb-IIIa complexes: a comparison with thrombin. Blood. 1993;82:2442-2451.
68. David A, Kacher Y, Specks U, Aviram I. Interaction of proteinase 3 with CD11b/CD18 (beta2 integrin) on the cell membrane of human neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol. 2003;74:551-557.
69. MacLeod TJ, Kwon M, Filipenko NR, Waisman DM. Phospholipid-associated annexin A2-S100A10 heterotetramer and its subunits: characterization of the interaction with tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen, and plasmin. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:25577-25584.
70. Mai J, Finley RL Jr, Waisman DM, Sloane BF. Human procathepsin B interacts with the annexin II tetramer on the surface of tumor cells. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:12806-12812.
71. Arkona C, Wiederanders B. Expression, subcellular distribution and plasma membrane binding of cathepsin B and gelatinases in bone metastatic tissue. Biol Chem. 1996;377:695-702.
72. Stupack DG, Teitz T, Potter MD, et al. Potentiation of neuroblastoma metastasis by loss of caspase-8. Nature. 2006;439:95-99.
73. Chen H, Sampson NS. Mediation of sperm-egg fusion: evidence that mouse egg alpha(6)beta(1) integrin is the receptor for sperm fertilin beta. Chem Biol. 1999;6:1-10.
74. Bridges LC, Bowditch RD. ADAM-integrin interactions: potential integrin regulated ectodomain shedding activity. Curr Pharm Des. 2005;11:837-847.
75. Nath D, Slocombe PM, Webster A, Stephens PE, Docherty AJP, Murphy G. Meltrin gamma (ADAM-9) mediates cellular adhesion through alpha(6)beta(1) integrin, leading to a marked induction of fibroblast cell motility. J Cell Sci. 2000;113:2319-2328.
76. Eto K, Huet C, Tarui T, et al. Functional classification of ADAMs based on a conserved motif for binding to integrin alpha 9beta 1: implications for sperm-egg binding and other cell interactions. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:17804- 17810.
77. Zhou M, Graham R, Russell G, Croucher PI. MDC-9 (ADAM-9/meltrin gamma) functions as an adhesion molecule by binding the alpha(v)beta(5) integrin. Biochem Biophys Res Communications. 2001;280:574-580.
78. Zhang XP, Kamata T, Yokoyama K, Puzon-McLaughlin W, Takada Y. Specific interaction of the recombinant disintegrin-like domain of MDC-15 (metargidin, ADAM-15) with integrin alpha v beta 3. J Biol Chem. 1998;273:7345-7350.
79. Nath D, Slocombe PM, Stephens PE, et al. Interaction of metargidin (ADAM-15) with alpha(v) beta(3) and alpha(5)beta(1) integrins on different haemopoietic cells. J Cell Sci. 1999;112:579-587.
80. Bax DV, Messent AJ, Tart J, et al. Integrin alpha5beta1 and ADAM-17 interact in vitro and co-localize in migrating HeLa cells. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:22377-22386.
81. Cal S, Freije JMP, Lopez JM, Takada Y, Lopez-Otin C. ADAM 23/MDC3, a human disintegrin that promotes cell adhesion via interaction with the alpha v beta 3 integrin through an RGD-independent mechanism. Mol Biol Cell. 2000;11:1457-1469.
82. Brooks PC, Silletti S, von Schalscha TL, Friedlander M, Cheresh DA. Disruption of angiogenesis by PEX, a noncatalytic metalloproteinase fragment with integrin binding activity. Cell. 1998;92:391-400.
83. Smart EJ, Graf GA, McNiven MA, et al. Caveolins, liquid-ordered domains, and signal transduction. Mol Cell Biol. 1999;19:7289-7304.
84. Pfeifer A, Kessler T, Silletti S, Cheresh DA, Verma IM. Suppression of angiogenesis by lentiviral delivery of PEX, a noncatalytic fragment of matrix metalloproteinase 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000;97:12227-12232.
85. Silletti S, Kessler T, Goldberg J, Boger DL, Cheresh DA. Disruption of matrix metalloproteinase 2 binding to integrin alpha(v)beta(3) by an organic molecule inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98:119-124.
86. Pluskota E, Soloviev DA, Plow EF. Convergence of the adhesive and fibrinolytic systems: recognition of urokinase by integrin alpha(M)beta(2) as well as by the urokinase receptor regulates cell adhesion and migration. Blood. 2003;101:1582-1590.
87. Stefanidakis M, Björklund M, Ihanus E, Gahmberg CG, Koivunen E. Identification of a negatively charged peptide motif within the catalytic domain of progelatinases that mediates binding to leukocyte β2 integrins. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:34674-34684.
88. Czekay R-P, Kuemmel TA, Orlando RA, Farquhar MG. Direct binding of occupied urokinase receptor (uPAR) to LDL receptor-related protein is required for endocytosis of uPAR and regulation of cell surface urokinase activity. Mol Biol Cell. 2001;12:1467-1479.
89. Primakoff P, Myles DG. The ADAM gene family: surface proteins with adhesion and protease activity. Trends Genet. 2000;16:83-87.
90. Evans J. Fertilin b and other ADAMs as integrin ligands: insights into cell adhesion and fertilization. BioEssays. 2001;23:628-639.
91. Hanahan D, Weinberg R. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell. 2000;100:57-70.
92. Coussens LM, Werb Z. Inflammatory cells and cancer: think different! J Exp Med. 2001;193:23-26.
93. McCawley LJ, Matrisian LM. Matrix metalloproteinases: multifunctional contributors to tumor progression. Mol Med Today. 2000;6:149-156.
94. Turpeenniemi-Hujanen T. Gelatinases (MMP-2 and -9) and their natural inhibitors as prognostic indicators in solid cancers. Biochimie. 2005;87:287-297.
95. Hua J, Muschel RJ. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression by a ribozyme blocks metastasis in a rat sarcoma model system. Cancer Res. 1996;56:5279-5284.
96. Liotta LA, Tryggvason K, Garbisa S, Hart I, Foltz CM, Shafie S. Metastatic potential correlates with enzymatic degradation of basement-membrane collagen. Nature. 1980;284:67-68.
97. Kang Y, Siegel PM, Shu W, et al. A multigenic program mediating breast cancer metastasis to bone. Cancer Cell. 2003;3:537-549.
98. Minn AJ, Gupta GP, Siegel PM, et al. Genes that mediate breast cancer metastasis to lung. Nature. 2005;436:518-524.
99. Chambers AF, Groom AC, MacDonald IC. Dissemination and growth of cancer cells in metastatic sites. Nat Rev Cancer. 2002;2:563-572.
100. Rao JS, Gondi C, Chetty C, Chittivelu S, Joseph PA, Lakka SS. Inhibition of invasion, angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis by adenovirus-mediated transfer of antisense uPAR and MMP-9 in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 2005;4:1399-1408.
101. Lakka SS, Gondi CS, Dinh DH, et al. Specific interference of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene expression induced by double-stranded RNA results in decreased invasion, tumor growth, and angiogenesis in gliomas. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:21882-21892.
102. Takino T, Koshikawa N, Miyamori H, et al. Cleavage of metastasis suppressor gene product KiSS-1 protein/metastin by matrix metalloproteinases. Oncogene. 2003;22:4617-4626.
103. Masson V, de la Ballina LR, Munaut C, et al. Contribution of host MMP-2 and MMP-9 to promote tumor vascularization and invasion of malignant keratinocytes. FASEB J. 2004;19:234-236.
104. Maschler S, Wirl G, Spring H, et al. Tumor cell invasiveness correlates with changes in integrin expression and localization. Oncogene. 2005;24:2032-2041.
105. Brooks PC, Montgomery AMP, Rosenfeld M, et al. Integrin alpha(V)beta(3) antagonists promote tumor-regression by inducing apoptosis of angiogenic blood-vessels. Cell. 1994;79:1157-1164.
106. Qian F, Vaux DL, Weissman IL. Expression of the integrin alpha-4-beta-1 on melanoma-cells can inhibit the invasive stage of metastasis formation. Cell. 1994;77:335-347.
107. Curley GP, Blum H, Humphries MJ. Integrin antagonists. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999;56:427-441.
108. Rolli M, Fransvea E, Pilch J, Saven A, Felding-Habermann B. Activated integrin alpha v beta 3 cooperates with metalloproteinase MMP-9 in regulating migration of metastatic breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100:9482-9487.
109. Wang X, Hou M, Tan L, et al. A hybrid protein of the amino-terminal fragment of urokinase and mutant plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 efficiently inhibits tumor cell invasion and metastasis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2005;131:129-136.
110. Muller A, Homey B, Soto H, et al. Involvement of chemokine receptors in breast cancer metastasis. Nature. 2001;410:50-56.
111. Sheu BC, Hsu SM, No HN, Tien HC, Huang SC, Lin RB. A novel role of metalloproteinase in cancer-mediated immunosuppression. Cancer Res. 2001;61:237-242.
112. Yu Q, Stamenkovic I. Cell surface-localized matrix metalloproteinase-9 proteolytically activates TGF-beta and promotes tumor invasion and angiogenesis. Genes Dev. 2000;14:163-176.
113. Mustjoki S, Alitalo R, Elonen E, Carpen O, Gahmberg CG, Vaheri A. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in extravasation of normal mononuclear and leukaemia cells. Brit J Haematol. 2001;113:989-1000.
114. McQuibban GA, Gong JH, Tam EM, McCulloch CAG, Clark-Lewis I, Overall CM. Inflammation dampened by gelatinase A cleavage of monocyte chemoattractant protein-3. Science. 2000;289:1202-1206.
115. Fernandez-Patron C, Zouki C, Whittal R, Chan JSD, Davidge ST, Filep JG. Matrix metalloproteinases regulate neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion through generation of endothelin-1[1-32]. FASEB J. 2001;15:2230-2240.
116. Owen JL, Iragavarapu-Charyulu V, Gunja-Smith Z, Herbert LM, Grosso JF, Lopez DM. Up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in T lymphocytes of mammary tumor bearers: role of vascular endothelial growth factor. J Immunol. 2003;171:4340-4351.
117. Huang S, Van Arsdall M, Tedjarati S, et al. Contributions of stromal metalloproteinase-9 to angiogenesis and growth of human ovarian carcinoma in mice. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002;94:1134-1142.
118. Coussens LM, Tinkle CL, Hanahan D, Werb Z. MMP-9 supplied by bone marrow-derived cells contributes to skin carcinogenesis. Cell. 2000;103:481-490.
119. Klein G, Vellenga E, Fraaije MW, Kamps WA, de Bont ESJM. The possible role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in cancer, e.g. acute leukemia. Crit Rev Oncol/Hematol. 2004;50:87-100.
120. Lin LI, Lin DT, Chang CJ, Lee CY, Tang JL, Tien HF. Marrow matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMP in acute leukaemia: potential role of MMP-9 as a surrogate marker to monitor leukaemic status in patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2002;117:835-841.
121. Noguchi M, Sato N, Sugimori H, Mori K, Oshimi K. A minor E-selectin ligand, CD65, is critical for extravascular infiltration of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Leukemia Res. 2001;25:847-853.
122. Hayashibara T, Yamada Y, Onimaru Y, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor: a possible link in adult T-cell leukaemia cell invasion. Br J Haematol. 2002;116:94-102.
123. Wize J, Sopata I, Smerdel A, Maslinski S. Ligation of selectin L and integrin CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) induces release of gelatinase B (MMP-9) from human neutrophils. Inflamm Res. 1998;47:325-327.
124. Aoudjit F, Potworowski EF, St-Pierre Y. Bi-directional induction of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 during T lymphoma endothelial cell contact: implication of ICAM-1. J Immunol. 1998;160:2967-2973.
125. Bouvard D, Brakebusch C, Gustafsson E, et al. Functional consequences of integrin gene mutations in mice. Circ Res. 2001;89:211-223.
126. Stucki A, Rivier AS, Gikic M, Monai N, Schapira M, Spertini O. Endothelial cell activation by myeloblasts: molecular mechanisms of leukostasis and leukemic cell dissemination. Blood. 2001;97:2121-2129.
127. Garrido SM, Appelbaum FR, Willman CL, Banker DE. Acute myeloid leukemia cells are protected from spontaneous and drug-induced apoptosis by direct contact with a human bone marrow stromal cell line (HS-5). Exp Hematol. 2001;29:448-457.
128. Werb Z. ECM and cell surface proteolysis: regulating cellular ecology. Cell. 1997;91:439-442.
129. Aguayo A, Kantarjian H, Manshouri T, et al. Angiogenesis in acute and chronic leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood. 2000;96:2240-2245.
130. de Bont E, Rosati S, Jacobs S, Kamps WA, Vellenga E. Increased bone marrow vascularization in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: a possible role for vascular endothelial growth factor. Br J Haematol. 2001;113:296-304.
131. Scappaticci FA, Smith R, Pathak A, et al. Combination angiostatin and endostatin gene transfer induces synergistic antiangiogenic activity in vitro and antitumor efficacy in leukemia and solid tumors in mice. Mol Ther. 2001;3:186-196.
132. Ala-Aho R, Kahari VM. Collagenases in cancer. Biochimie. 2005;87:273-286.
133. Bramhall SR, Hallissey MT, Whiting J, et al. Marimastat as maintenance therapy for patients with advanced gastric cancer: a randomised trial. Br J Cancer. 2002;86:1864-1870.
134. Groves MD, Puduvalli VK, Hess KR, et al. Phase II trial of temozolomide plus the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, marimastat, in recurrent and progressive glioblastoma multiforme. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:1383-1388.
135. Cianfrocca M, Cooley TP, Lee JY, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor COL-3 in the treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma: a phase I AIDS malignancy consortium study. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:153-159.
136. Lokeshwar BL, Selzer MG, Zhu BQ, Block NL, Golub LM. Inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion, tumor growth and metastasis by an oral non-antimicrobial tetracycline analog (COL-3) in a metastatic prostate cancer model. Int J Cancer. 2002;98:297-309.
137. Koivunen E, Arap W, Valtanen H, et al. Tumor targeting with a selective gelatinase inhibitor. Nat Biotechnol. 1999;17:768-774.
138. Eliceiri BP, Cheresh DA. The role of alpha v integrins during angiogenesis: insights into potential mechanisms of action and clinical development. J Clin Invest. 1999;103:1227-1230.
139. Senger DR, Perruzzi CA, Streit M, Koteliansky VE, de Fougerolles AR, Detmar M. The alpha(1)beta(1) and alpha(2)beta(1) integrins provide critical support for vascular endothelial growth factor signaling, endothelial cell migration, and tumor angiogenesis. Am J Pathol. 2002;160:195-204.
140. Posey JA, Khazaeli MB, DelGrosso A, et al. A pilot trial of vitaxin, a humanized anti-vitronectin receptor (anti alpha(v)beta(3)) antibody in patients with metastatic cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2001;16:125-132.
141. Lebwohl M, Tyring SK, Hamilton TK, et al. A novel targeted T-cell modulator, Efalizumab, for plaque psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:2004-2013.
142. Dechantsreiter MA, Planker E, Matha B, et al. N-methylated cyclic RGD peptides as highly active and selective alpha(v)beta(3) integrin antagonists. J Med Chem. 1999;42:3033-3040.
143. Miller DH, Khan OA, Sheremata WA, et al. A controlled trial of Natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:15-23.
144. Ghosh S, Goldin E, Gordon FH, et al. Natalizumab for active Crohn's disease. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:24-32.
145. Reynolds LE, Wyder L, Lively JC, et al. Enhanced pathological angiogenesis in mice lacking beta(3) integrin or beta(3) and beta(5) integrins. Nat Med. 2002;8:27-34.
146. Coussens LM, Fingleton B, Matrisian LM. Cancer therapy: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors and cancer: trials and tribulations. Science. 2002;295:2387-2392.
147. Vazquez F, Hastings G, Ortega MA, et al. METH-1, a human ortholog of ADAMTS-1, and METH-2 are members of a new family of proteins with angio-inhibitory activity. J Biol Chem. 1999;274:23349-23357.
148. Yusuf-Makagiansar H, Anderson ME, Yakovleva TV, Murray JS, Siahaan TJ. Inhibition of LFA-1/ICAM-1 and VLA-4/VCAM-1 as a therapeutic approach to inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Med Res Rev. 2002;22:146-167.
149. Kerbel RS, Viloria-Petit A, Klement G, Rak J. 'Accidental' anti-angiogenic drugs: anti-oncogene directed signal transduction inhibitors and conventional chemotherapeutic agents as examples. Eur J Cancer. 2000;36:1248-1257.
150. Keck T, Balcom JI, Fernandez-Del Castillo C, Antoniu BA, Warshaw AL. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 promotes neutrophil migration and alveolar capillary leakage in pancreatitis-associated lung injury in the rat. Gastroenterology. 2002;122:188-201.
151. Lee KS, Jin SM, Kim HJ, Lee YC. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor regulates inflammatory cell migration by reducing ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in a murine model of toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;111:1278-1284.
152. Betsuyaku T, Shipley JM, Liu Z, Senior RM. Neutrophil emigration in the lungs, peritoneum, and skin does not require gelatinase B. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1999;20:1303-1309.
153. Allport JR, Lim YC, Shipley JM, et al. Neutrophils from MMP-9 or neutrophil elastase-deficient mice show no defect in transendothelial migration under flow in vitro. J Leuk Biol. 2002;71:821-828.