메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 31, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 3-32

Diagnosis and therapy of sepsis. S2 guidelines of DSG and DIVI;Diagnose und therapie der sepsis: S2-leitlinien der Deutschen Sepsis-Gesellschaft e.V. (DSG) und der Deutschen Interdisziplinären Vereinigung für Intensiv- und notfallmedizin (DIVI)

(19)  Reinhart, K a   Brunkhorst, F M a   Bone, H G b   Gerlach, H c   Grundling M d   Kreymann, G e   Kujath, P f   Marggraf, G g   Mayer, K h   Meier Hellmann, A i   Peckelsen, C j   Putensen, C k   Quintel, M l   Ragaller, M m   Rossaint, R n   Stuber F k   Weiler, N f   Welte, T o   Werdan, K p  


Author keywords

Diagnosis; Germany; Guidelines; Sepsis; Treatment

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATED PROTEIN C; AMINOGLYCOSIDE; ANTITHROMBIN; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; CARBAPENEM; CEFEPIME; CEFTAZIDIME; CEPHALOSPORIN; DROTRECOGIN; FLUCONAZOLE; FOSFOMYCIN; FUSIDATE SODIUM; GLYCOPEPTIDE; HEPARIN; HYDROCORTISONE; IMIPENEM; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G ANTIBODY; INSULIN; LINEZOLID; MACROLIDE; MEROPENEM; OXAZOLIDINONE DERIVATIVE; PIPERACILLIN; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; RIFAMPICIN; SELENIUM; TEICOPLANIN; UNINDEXED DRUG; UREIDOPENICILLIN; VANCOMYCIN;

EID: 33645705370     PISSN: 09475362     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5414/ibp31003     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (5)

References (301)
  • 1
    • 0027251804 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous magnesium in acute myocardial infarction. An effective, safe, simple, and inexpensive intervention
    • Yusuf S., K. Teo, K. Woods: Intravenous magnesium in acute myocardial infarction. An effective, safe, simple, and inexpensive intervention. Circulation 87, 2043-1046 (1993).
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.87 , pp. 2043-11046
    • Yusuf, S.1    Teo, K.2    Woods, K.3
  • 2
    • 0028932732 scopus 로고
    • A randomised factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate, and intravenous magnesium sulphate in 58,050 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction
    • ISIS-4 (Fourth International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group
    • ISIS-4: A randomised factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate, and intravenous magnesium sulphate in 58,050 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. ISIS-4 (Fourth International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. Lancet 345, 669-685 (1995).
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.345 , pp. 669-685
  • 3
    • 0024540990 scopus 로고
    • Rules of evidence and clinical recommendations on the use of antithrombotic agents
    • Sackett D.L.: Rules of evidence and clinical recommendations on the use of antithrombotic agents. Chest 95 (Suppl. 2), 2S-4S (1989).
    • (1989) Chest , vol.95 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Sackett, D.L.1
  • 4
    • 0037451929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of sepsis in the United States from 1979 through 2000
    • Martin G.S., D.M. Mannino, S. Eaton, M. Moss: The epidemiology of sepsis in the United States from 1979 through 2000. N. Engl. J. Med. 348, 1546-1554 (2003).
    • (2003) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.348 , pp. 1546-1554
    • Martin, G.S.1    Mannino, D.M.2    Eaton, S.3    Moss, M.4
  • 5
    • 0025065285 scopus 로고
    • Predicting bacteremia in hospitalized patients. A prospectively validated model
    • Bates D. W., E.F. Cook, L. Goldman, T.H. Lee: Predicting bacteremia in hospitalized patients. A prospectively validated model. Ann. Intern. Med. 113, 495-500 (1990).
    • (1990) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.113 , pp. 495-500
    • Bates, D.W.1    Cook, E.F.2    Goldman, L.3    Lee, T.H.4
  • 6
    • 0030699238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting bacteremia in patients with sepsis syndrome
    • Academic Medical Center Consortium Sepsis Project Working Group
    • Bates D. W., K. Sands, E. Miller et al.: Predicting bacteremia in patients with sepsis syndrome. Academic Medical Center Consortium Sepsis Project Working Group. J. Infect. Dis. 176, 1538-1551 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.176 , pp. 1538-1551
    • Bates, D.W.1    Sands, K.2    Miller, E.3
  • 9
    • 0036213966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of sepsis and infection in ICU patients from an international multicentre cohort study
    • Albert C., C. Brun-Buisson, H. Burchardi et al.: Epidemiology of sepsis and infection in ICU patients from an international multicentre cohort study. Intensive Care Med. 8, 108-121 (2002).
    • (2002) Intensive Care Med. , vol.8 , pp. 108-121
    • Albert, C.1    Brun-Buisson, C.2    Burchardi, H.3
  • 10
    • 0029148091 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study
    • EPIC International Advisory Committee
    • Vincent J.L., D.J. Bihari, P.M. Suter et al.: The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study. EPIC International Advisory Committee. Jama 274, 639-644 (1995).
    • (1995) Jama , vol.274 , pp. 639-644
    • Vincent, J.L.1    Bihari, D.J.2    Suter, P.M.3
  • 11
    • 0026874127 scopus 로고
    • Definition for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis
    • ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee: Definition for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Crit. Care Med. 20, 864-874 (1992).
    • (1992) Crit. Care Med. , vol.20 , pp. 864-874
  • 12
    • 0030746482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-inflammatory therapies to treat sepsis and septic shock: A reassessment
    • Zeni F., B. Freeman, C. Natanson: Anti-inflammatory therapies to treat sepsis and septic shock: a reassessment. Crit. Care Med. 25, 1095-1100 (1997).
    • (1997) Crit. Care Med. , vol.25 , pp. 1095-1100
    • Zeni, F.1    Freeman, B.2    Natanson, C.3
  • 14
    • 0035421655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic value of procalcitonin, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 in critically ill patients admitted with suspected sepsis
    • Harbarth S., K. Holeckova, C. Froidevaux et al.: Diagnostic value of procalcitonin, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 in critically ill patients admitted with suspected sepsis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 164, 396-402 (2001).
    • (2001) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.164 , pp. 396-402
    • Harbarth, S.1    Holeckova, K.2    Froidevaux, C.3
  • 15
    • 0034060554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcitonin precursors are reliable markers of sepsis in a medical intensive care unit
    • Müller B., K.L. Becker, H. Schächinger et al.: Calcitonin precursors are reliable markers of sepsis in a medical intensive care unit. Crit. Care Med. 28, 977-983 (2000).
    • (2000) Crit. Care Med. , vol.28 , pp. 977-983
    • Müller, B.1    Becker, K.L.2    Schächinger, H.3
  • 16
    • 0034111524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin for early diagnosis and differentiation of SIRS, sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock
    • Brunkhorst F.M., K. Wegscheider, Z.F. Forycki, R. Brunkhorst: Procalcitonin for early diagnosis and differentiation of SIRS, sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. Intensive Care Med. 26 (Suppl. 2), 8148-8152 (2000).
    • (2000) Intensive Care Med. , vol.26 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 8148-8152
    • Brunkhorst, F.M.1    Wegscheider, K.2    Forycki, Z.F.3    Brunkhorst, R.4
  • 17
    • 2442544541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic and prognostic value of procalcitonin in patients with septic shock
    • Clec'h C., F. Fernere, P. Karoubi et al.: Diagnostic and prognostic value of procalcitonin in patients with septic shock. Crit. Care Med. 32, 1166-1169 (2004).
    • (2004) Crit. Care Med. , vol.32 , pp. 1166-1169
    • Clec'h, C.1    Fernere, F.2    Karoubi, P.3
  • 18
    • 0031822857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postoperative plasma concentrations of procalcitonin after different types of surgery
    • Meisner M., K. Tschaikowsky, A. Hutzler, C. Schick, J. Schuttler: Postoperative plasma concentrations of procalcitonin after different types of surgery. Intensive Care Med. 24, 680-684 (1998).
    • (1998) Intensive Care Med. , vol.24 , pp. 680-684
    • Meisner, M.1    Tschaikowsky, K.2    Hutzler, A.3    Schick, C.4    Schuttler, J.5
  • 19
    • 0028948663 scopus 로고
    • Sepsis: Ein begriff im wandel. Möglichkeiten und grenzen der diagnose anhand klinischer kriterien
    • Gramm H.J., L. Hannemann, K. Reinhart, H. Lode: Sepsis: Ein Begriff im Wandel. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Diagnose anhand klinischer Kriterien. Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 120, 498-502 (1995).
    • (1995) Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. , vol.120 , pp. 498-502
    • Gramm, H.J.1    Hannemann, L.2    Reinhart, K.3    Lode, H.4
  • 22
    • 0036433481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood cultures in the critical care unit: Improving utilization and yield
    • Shafazand S., A.B. Weinacker: Blood cultures in the critical care unit: improving utilization and yield. Chest 122, 1727-1736 (2002).
    • (2002) Chest , vol.122 , pp. 1727-1736
    • Shafazand, S.1    Weinacker, A.B.2
  • 23
    • 0030902995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utilization and diagnostic yield of blood cultures in a surgical intensive care unit
    • Darby J.M., P. Linden, W. Pasculle, M. Saul: Utilization and diagnostic yield of blood cultures in a surgical intensive care unit. Crit. Care Med. 25, 989-994 (1997).
    • (1997) Crit. Care Med. , vol.25 , pp. 989-994
    • Darby, J.M.1    Linden, P.2    Pasculle, W.3    Saul, M.4
  • 24
    • 0025666771 scopus 로고
    • Contamination of blood cultures during venepuncture: Fact or myth?
    • Shahar E., B.S. Wohl-Gottesman, L. Shenkman: Contamination of blood cultures during venepuncture: fact or myth? Postgrad. Med. J. 66, 1053-1058 (1990).
    • (1990) Postgrad. Med. J. , vol.66 , pp. 1053-1058
    • Shahar, E.1    Wohl-Gottesman, B.S.2    Shenkman, L.3
  • 25
    • 0031837823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood cultures positive for coagulase-negative staphylococci: Antisepsis, pseudobacteremia, and therapy of patients
    • Souvenir D., D.E. Anderson Jr., S. Palpant et al.: Blood cultures positive for coagulase-negative staphylococci: antisepsis, pseudobacteremia, and therapy of patients. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36, 1923-1926 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.36 , pp. 1923-1926
    • Souvenir, D.1    Anderson Jr., D.E.2    Palpant, S.3
  • 26
    • 0036155376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical utility of blood cultures drawn from central venous or arterial catheters in critically ill surgical patients
    • Martinez J.A., J.A. DesJardin, M. Aronoff, S. Supran, S.A. Nasraway, D.R. Snydman: Clinical utility of blood cultures drawn from central venous or arterial catheters in critically ill surgical patients. Crit. Care Med. 30, 7-13 (2002).
    • (2002) Crit. Care Med. , vol.30 , pp. 7-13
    • Martinez, J.A.1    Desjardin, J.A.2    Aronoff, M.3    Supran, S.4    Nasraway, S.A.5    Snydman, D.R.6
  • 27
    • 0030016935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General principles of specimen collection and transport
    • Wilson M.L.: General principles of specimen collection and transport. Clin. Infect. Dis. 22, 766-777 (1996).
    • (1996) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.22 , pp. 766-777
    • Wilson, M.L.1
  • 28
    • 0028874742 scopus 로고
    • The significance of changing needles when inoculating blood cultures: A meta-analysis
    • Spitalnic S.J., R.H. Woolard, L.A. Mermel: The significance of changing needles when inoculating blood cultures: a meta-analysis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 21, 1103-1106 (1995).
    • (1995) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.21 , pp. 1103-1106
    • Spitalnic, S.J.1    Woolard, R.H.2    Mermel, L.A.3
  • 29
    • 0030945048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical significance of positive blood cultures in the 1990s: A prospective comprehensive evaluation of the microbiology, epidemiology, and outcome of bacteremia and fungemia in adults
    • Weinstein M.P., M.L. Towns, S.M. Quartey et al.: The clinical significance of positive blood cultures in the 1990s: a prospective comprehensive evaluation of the microbiology, epidemiology, and outcome of bacteremia and fungemia in adults. Clin. Infect. Dis. 24, 584-602 (1997).
    • (1997) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.24 , pp. 584-602
    • Weinstein, M.P.1    Towns, M.L.2    Quartey, S.M.3
  • 30
    • 0016606316 scopus 로고
    • Blood cultures: Principles and techniques
    • nd: Blood cultures: principles and techniques. Mayo Clin. Proc. 50, 91-98 (1975).
    • (1975) Mayo Clin. Proc. , vol.50 , pp. 91-98
    • Washington II, J.A.1
  • 31
    • 0027948933 scopus 로고
    • Effects of volume and periodicity on blood cultures
    • Li J., J.J. Plorde, L.G. Carlson: Effects of volume and periodicity on blood cultures. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32, 2829-2831 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.32 , pp. 2829-2831
    • Li, J.1    Plorde, J.J.2    Carlson, L.G.3
  • 32
    • 0034014440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical criteria in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Wunderink R.G.: Clinical criteria in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 117 (Suppl. 2), 1918-1948 (2000).
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 1918-1948
    • Wunderink, R.G.1
  • 33
    • 0033837067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-course empiric antibiotic therapy for patients with pulmonary infiltrates in the intensive care unit. A proposed solution for indiscriminate antibiotic prescription
    • Singh N., P. Rogers, C.W. Atwood, M.M. Wagener, V.L. Yu: Short-course empiric antibiotic therapy for patients with pulmonary infiltrates in the intensive care unit. A proposed solution for indiscriminate antibiotic prescription. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 162 (2 Pt 1), 505-511 (2000).
    • (2000) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.162 , Issue.2 PART 1 , pp. 505-511
    • Singh, N.1    Rogers, P.2    Atwood, C.W.3    Wagener, M.M.4    Yu, V.L.5
  • 35
    • 13644257785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early antibiotic treatment for BAL-confirmed ventilator-associated pneumonia: A role for routine endotracheal aspirate cultures
    • Michel F., B. Franceschini, P. Berger et al.: Early antibiotic treatment for BAL-confirmed ventilator-associated pneumonia: a role for routine endotracheal aspirate cultures. Chest 127, 589-597 (2005).
    • (2005) Chest , vol.127 , pp. 589-597
    • Michel, F.1    Franceschini, B.2    Berger, P.3
  • 36
    • 2442483897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Value of the clinical pulmonary infection score for the identification and management of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Luyt C.E., J. Chastre, J.Y. Fagon: Value of the clinical pulmonary infection score for the identification and management of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Intensive Care Med. 30, 844-852 (2004).
    • (2004) Intensive Care Med. , vol.30 , pp. 844-852
    • Luyt, C.E.1    Chastre, J.2    Fagon, J.Y.3
  • 37
    • 0034066476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bronchoscopic BAL in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Torres A., M. El-Ebiary: Bronchoscopic BAL in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 117 (4 Suppl. 2), 198S-202S (2000).
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117 , Issue.4 SUPPL. 2
    • Torres, A.1    El-Ebiary, M.2
  • 38
    • 0034012956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotracheal aspiration in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Cook D., L. Mandell: Endotracheal aspiration in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 117(4 Suppl. 2), 195S-197S (2000).
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117 , Issue.4 SUPPL. 2
    • Cook, D.1    Mandell, L.2
  • 40
    • 0031943717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: Repeatability of the bronchoalveolar lavage
    • Gerbeaux P., V. Ledoray, A. Boussuges, F. Molenal, P. Jean, J.M. Sainty: Diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: repeatability of the bronchoalveolar lavage. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 157, 76-80 (1998).
    • (1998) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.157 , pp. 76-80
    • Gerbeaux, P.1    Ledoray, V.2    Boussuges, A.3    Molenal, F.4    Jean, P.5    Sainty, J.M.6
  • 41
    • 13644269309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia
    • Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 171, 388-416 (2005).
    • (2005) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.171 , pp. 388-416
  • 42
    • 0034917833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of infection in sepsis
    • Llewelyn M., J. Cohen: Diagnosis of infection in sepsis. Intensive Care Med. 27 (Suppl. 1), S10-32 (2001).
    • (2001) Intensive Care Med. , vol.27 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Llewelyn, M.1    Cohen, J.2
  • 43
    • 0028323333 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for nosocomial Legionella pneumophila pneumonia
    • Carratala J., F. Gudiol, R. Pallares et al.: Risk factors for nosocomial Legionella pneumophila pneumonia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 149 (3 Pt 1), 625-629 (1994).
    • (1994) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.149 , Issue.3 PART 1 , pp. 625-629
    • Carratala, J.1    Gudiol, F.2    Pallares, R.3
  • 44
    • 0032981078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of central venous catheter related sepsis - A critical look inside
    • Dobbins B.M., P. Kite, M.H. Wilcox: Diagnosis of central venous catheter related sepsis - a critical look inside. J. Clin. Pathol. 52, 165-172 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Clin. Pathol. , vol.52 , pp. 165-172
    • Dobbins, B.M.1    Kite, P.2    Wilcox, M.H.3
  • 45
    • 0030277867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance for infections associated with vascular catheters
    • Sherertz R.J.: Surveillance for infections associated with vascular catheters. Infect. Control. Hosp. Epidemiol. 17, 746-752 (1996).
    • (1996) Infect. Control. Hosp. Epidemiol. , vol.17 , pp. 746-752
    • Sherertz, R.J.1
  • 46
    • 0040562485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of catheter-related bacteraemia: A prospective comparison of the time to positivity of hub-blood versus peripheral-blood cultures
    • Blot F., G. Nitenberg, E. Chachaty et al.: Diagnosis of catheter-related bacteraemia: a prospective comparison of the time to positivity of hub-blood versus peripheral-blood cultures. Lancet 354, 1071-1077 (1999).
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1071-1077
    • Blot, F.1    Nitenberg, G.2    Chachaty, E.3
  • 47
    • 18844454312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hub qualitative blood culture is useful for diagnosis of catheter-related infections in critically ill patients
    • Tanguy M., P. Seguin, B. Laviolle, L. Desbordes, Y. Malledant: Hub qualitative blood culture is useful for diagnosis of catheter-related infections in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med. 31, 645-648 (2005).
    • (2005) Intensive Care Med. , vol.31 , pp. 645-648
    • Tanguy, M.1    Seguin, P.2    Laviolle, B.3    Desbordes, L.4    Malledant, Y.5
  • 48
    • 20144386672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ diagnosis of intravascular catheter-related bloodstream infection: A comparison of quantitative culture, differential time to positivity, and endoluminal brushing
    • Catton J.A., B.M. Dobbins, P. Kite et al.: In situ diagnosis of intravascular catheter-related bloodstream infection: a comparison of quantitative culture, differential time to positivity, and endoluminal brushing. Crit. Care Med. 33, 787-791 (2005).
    • (2005) Crit. Care Med. , vol.33 , pp. 787-791
    • Catton, J.A.1    Dobbins, B.M.2    Kite, P.3
  • 49
    • 0028945411 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of catheter-related infections: The role of surveillance and targeted quantitative skin cultures
    • Raad I.I., M. Baba, G.P. Bodey: Diagnosis of catheter-related infections: the role of surveillance and targeted quantitative skin cultures. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20, 593-597 (1995).
    • (1995) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.20 , pp. 593-597
    • Raad, I.I.1    Baba, M.2    Bodey, G.P.3
  • 50
    • 0026746473 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of scheduled replacement of central venous and pulmonary-artery catheters
    • Cobb D.K., K.P. High, R.G. Sawyer et al.: A controlled trial of scheduled replacement of central venous and pulmonary-artery catheters. N. Engl. J. Med. 327, 1062-1068 (1992).
    • (1992) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.327 , pp. 1062-1068
    • Cobb, D.K.1    High, K.P.2    Sawyer, R.G.3
  • 51
    • 0030848331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central venous catheter replacement strategies: A systematic review of the literature
    • Cook D., A. Randolph, P. Kernerman et al.: Central venous catheter replacement strategies: a systematic review of the literature. Crit. Care Med. 25, 1417-1424 (1997).
    • (1997) Crit. Care Med. , vol.25 , pp. 1417-1424
    • Cook, D.1    Randolph, A.2    Kernerman, P.3
  • 52
    • 0025155868 scopus 로고
    • Catheter-related sepsis: Prospective, randomized study of three methods of long-term catheter maintenance
    • Eyer S., C. Brummitt, K. Crossley, R. Siegel, F. Cerra: Catheter-related sepsis: prospective, randomized study of three methods of long-term catheter maintenance. Crit. Care Med. 18, 1073-1079 (1990).
    • (1990) Crit. Care Med. , vol.18 , pp. 1073-1079
    • Eyer, S.1    Brummitt, C.2    Crossley, K.3    Siegel, R.4    Cerra, F.5
  • 53
    • 0031893716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of retroperitoneal abscesses
    • Brook I., E.H. Frazier: Aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of retroperitoneal abscesses. Clin. Infect. Dis. 26, 938-941 (1998).
    • (1998) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.26 , pp. 938-941
    • Brook, I.1    Frazier, E.H.2
  • 54
    • 0027196388 scopus 로고
    • Wound and intraabdominal infections: Microbiological considerations and approaches to treatment
    • Nichols R.L., J.W. Smith: Wound and intraabdominal infections: microbiological considerations and approaches to treatment. Clin. Infect. Dis. 16 (Suppl. 4), S266-272 (1993).
    • (1993) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.16 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Nichols, R.L.1    Smith, J.W.2
  • 55
    • 0032754324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbiology of subphrenic abscesses: A 14-year experience
    • Brook I., E.H. Frazier: Microbiology of subphrenic abscesses: a 14-year experience. Am. Surg. 65, 1049-1053 (1999).
    • (1999) Am. Surg. , vol.65 , pp. 1049-1053
    • Brook, I.1    Frazier, E.H.2
  • 56
    • 0041441186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive care unit management of intra-abdominal infection
    • Marshall J.C., M. Innes: Intensive care unit management of intra-abdominal infection. Crit. Care Med. 31, 2228-2237 (2003).
    • (2003) Crit. Care Med. , vol.31 , pp. 2228-2237
    • Marshall, J.C.1    Innes, M.2
  • 57
    • 0035984191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of severe Candida infections in high-risk patients in Germany: Consensus formed by a panel of interdisciplinary investigators
    • Büchner T., W. Fegeler, H. Bernhardt et al.: Treatment of severe Candida infections in high-risk patients in Germany: consensus formed by a panel of interdisciplinary investigators. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 21, 337-352 (2002).
    • (2002) Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. , vol.21 , pp. 337-352
    • Büchner, T.1    Fegeler, W.2    Bernhardt, H.3
  • 58
    • 0035879504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for candidal bloodstream infections in surgical intensive care unit patients: The NEMIS prospective multicenter study. The National Epidemiology of Mycosis Survey
    • Blumberg H.M., W.R. Jarvis, J.M. Soucie et al.: Risk factors for candidal bloodstream infections in surgical intensive care unit patients: the NEMIS prospective multicenter study. The National Epidemiology of Mycosis Survey. Clin. Infect. Dis. 33, 177-186 (2001).
    • (2001) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.33 , pp. 177-186
    • Blumberg, H.M.1    Jarvis, W.R.2    Soucie, J.M.3
  • 59
    • 8044222757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of invasive mycosis in ICU patients: A prospective multicenter study in 435 non-neutropenic patients
    • Paul-Ehrlich Society for Chemotherapy, Divisions of Mycology and Pneumonia Research
    • Petri M.G., J. Konig, H.P. Moecke et al.: Epidemiology of invasive mycosis in ICU patients: a prospective multicenter study in 435 non-neutropenic patients. Paul-Ehrlich Society for Chemotherapy, Divisions of Mycology and Pneumonia Research. Intensive Care Med. 23, 317-325 (1997).
    • (1997) Intensive Care Med. , vol.23 , pp. 317-325
    • Petri, M.G.1    Konig, J.2    Moecke, H.P.3
  • 60
    • 0742299199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for treatment of candidiasis
    • Pappas P.G., J.H. Rex, J.D. Sobel et al.: Guidelines for treatment of candidiasis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 38, 161-189 (2004).
    • (2004) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.38 , pp. 161-189
    • Pappas, P.G.1    Rex, J.H.2    Sobel, J.D.3
  • 61
    • 0037327996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology, prevalence, and sites of infections in intensive care units
    • Richards M., K. Thursky, K. Buising: Epidemiology, prevalence, and sites of infections in intensive care units. Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 24, 3-22 (2003).
    • (2003) Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.24 , pp. 3-22
    • Richards, M.1    Thursky, K.2    Buising, K.3
  • 62
    • 0031605360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing the incidence of ventilator-related pneumonia
    • Brooks K., S. Whitten, D. Quigley: Reducing the incidence of ventilator-related pneumonia. J. Healthc Qual. 20, 14-19 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Healthc Qual. , vol.20 , pp. 14-19
    • Brooks, K.1    Whitten, S.2    Quigley, D.3
  • 63
    • 0034094297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical care bug team: A multidisciplinary team approach to reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Kaye J., V. Ashline, D. Erickson et al.: Critical care bug team: a multidisciplinary team approach to reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am. J. Infect. Control 28, 197-201 (2000).
    • (2000) Am. J. Infect. Control , vol.28 , pp. 197-201
    • Kaye, J.1    Ashline, V.2    Erickson, D.3
  • 64
    • 0027724411 scopus 로고
    • An effective continuous quality improvement approach to the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Kelleghan S.I., C. Salemi, S. Padilla et al.: An effective continuous quality improvement approach to the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am. J. Infect. Control 21, 322-330 (1993).
    • (1993) Am. J. Infect. Control , vol.21 , pp. 322-330
    • Kelleghan, S.I.1    Salemi, C.2    Padilla, S.3
  • 65
    • 0030171187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utilizing quality assurance as a tool for reducing the risk of nosocomial ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Joiner G.A., D. Salisbury, G.E. Bollin: Utilizing quality assurance as a tool for reducing the risk of nosocomial ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am. J. Med. Qual. 11, 100-103 (1996).
    • (1996) Am. J. Med. Qual. , vol.11 , pp. 100-103
    • Joiner, G.A.1    Salisbury, D.2    Bollin, G.E.3
  • 66
    • 0030187080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Process improvement plan for the reduction of nosocomial pneumonia in patients on ventilators
    • Nicotra D., C. Ulrich: Process improvement plan for the reduction of nosocomial pneumonia in patients on ventilators. J. Nurs. Care Qual. 10, 18-23 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Nurs. Care Qual. , vol.10 , pp. 18-23
    • Nicotra, D.1    Ulrich, C.2
  • 67
    • 0036852962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of an education program aimed at reducing the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Zack J.E., T. Garrison, E. Trovillion et al.: Effect of an education program aimed at reducing the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Crit. Care Med. 30, 2407-2412 (2002).
    • (2002) Crit. Care Med. , vol.30 , pp. 2407-2412
    • Zack, J.E.1    Garrison, T.2    Trovillion, E.3
  • 68
    • 3242747559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia rates through a staff education programme
    • Salahuddin N., A. Zafar, L. Sukhyani et al.: Reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia rates through a staff education programme. J. Hosp. Infect. 57, 223-227 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Hosp. Infect. , vol.57 , pp. 223-227
    • Salahuddin, N.1    Zafar, A.2    Sukhyani, L.3
  • 69
    • 0033400647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a nursing-implemented sedation protocol on the duration of mechanical ventilation
    • Brook A.D., T.S. Ahrens, R. Schaff et al.: Effect of a nursing-implemented sedation protocol on the duration of mechanical ventilation. Crit. Care Med. 27, 2609-2615 (1999).
    • (1999) Crit. Care Med. , vol.27 , pp. 2609-2615
    • Brook, A.D.1    Ahrens, T.S.2    Schaff, R.3
  • 70
    • 0030956523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, controlled trial of protocol-directed versus physician-directed weaning from mechanical ventilation
    • Kollef M.H., S.D. Shapiro, P. Silver et al.: A randomized, controlled trial of protocol-directed versus physician-directed weaning from mechanical ventilation. Crit. Care Med. 25, 567-574 (1997).
    • (1997) Crit. Care Med. , vol.25 , pp. 567-574
    • Kollef, M.H.1    Shapiro, S.D.2    Silver, P.3
  • 71
    • 0036367708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protocol-directed weaning from mechanical ventilation: Clinical outcome in patients randomized for a 30-min or 120-min trial with pressure support ventilation
    • Perren A., G. Domenighetti, S. Mauri, F. Genini, N. Vizzardi: Protocol-directed weaning from mechanical ventilation: clinical outcome in patients randomized for a 30-min or 120-min trial with pressure support ventilation. Intensive Care Med. 28, 1058-1063 (2002).
    • (2002) Intensive Care Med. , vol.28 , pp. 1058-1063
    • Perren, A.1    Domenighetti, G.2    Mauri, S.3    Genini, F.4    Vizzardi, N.5
  • 72
    • 0021910709 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of infection surveillance and control programs in preventing nosocomial infections in US hospitals
    • Haley R. W., D.H. Culver, J.W. White et al.: The efficacy of infection surveillance and control programs in preventing nosocomial infections in US hospitals. Am. J. Epidemiol. 121, 182-205 (1985).
    • (1985) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.121 , pp. 182-205
    • Haley, R.W.1    Culver, D.H.2    White, J.W.3
  • 73
    • 0022397244 scopus 로고
    • Update from the SENIC project. Hospital infection control: Recent progress and opportunities under prospective payment
    • Haley R.W., W.M. Morgan, D.H. Culver et al.: Update from the SENIC project. Hospital infection control: recent progress and opportunities under prospective payment. Am. J. Infect. Control 13, 97-108 (1985).
    • (1985) Am. J. Infect. Control , vol.13 , pp. 97-108
    • Haley, R.W.1    Morgan, W.M.2    Culver, D.H.3
  • 74
    • 4243457880 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial infection surveillance, 1984
    • Huran T.C., J.W. White et al.: Nosocomial infection surveillance, 1984. MMWR 35 (SS-1), 17-29 (1986).
    • (1986) MMWR , vol.35 , Issue.SS-1 , pp. 17-29
    • Huran, T.C.1    White, J.W.2
  • 75
  • 77
    • 0030184578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving hospital-acquired infection rates: The CDC experience
    • Gaynes R.P., S. Solomon: Improving hospital-acquired infection rates: the CDC experience. Jt. Comm. J. Qual. Improv. 22, 457-467 (1996).
    • (1996) Jt. Comm. J. Qual. Improv. , vol.22 , pp. 457-467
    • Gaynes, R.P.1    Solomon, S.2
  • 79
    • 0033610663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supine body position as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: A randomised trial
    • Drakulovic M.B., A. Torres, T.T. Bauer, J.M. Nicolas, S. Nogue, M. Ferrer: Supine body position as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: a randomised trial. Lancet 354, 1851-1858 (1999).
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1851-1858
    • Drakulovic, M.B.1    Torres, A.2    Bauer, T.T.3    Nicolas, J.M.4    Nogue, S.5    Ferrer, M.6
  • 80
    • 0029091511 scopus 로고
    • Semirecumbent position protects from pulmonary aspiration but not completely from gastroesophageal reflux in mechanically ventilated patients
    • Orozco-Levi M., A. Torres, M. Ferrer et al.: Semirecumbent position protects from pulmonary aspiration but not completely from gastroesophageal reflux in mechanically ventilated patients. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 152 (4 Pt 1), 1387-1390 (1995).
    • (1995) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.152 , Issue.4 PART 1 , pp. 1387-1390
    • Orozco-Levi, M.1    Torres, A.2    Ferrer, M.3
  • 81
    • 0026606379 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: The effect of body position
    • Torres A., J. Serra-Batlles, E. Ros et al.: Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: the effect of body position. Ann. Intern. Med. 116, 540-543 (1992).
    • (1992) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.116 , pp. 540-543
    • Torres, A.1    Serra-Batlles, J.2    Ros, E.3
  • 82
    • 0035818305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early enteral feeding versus "nil by mouth" after gastrointestinal surgery: Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials
    • Lewis S.J., M. Egger, P.A. Sylvester, S. Thomas: Early enteral feeding versus "nil by mouth" after gastrointestinal surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. BMJ 323, 773-776 (2001).
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.323 , pp. 773-776
    • Lewis, S.J.1    Egger, M.2    Sylvester, P.A.3    Thomas, S.4
  • 83
    • 0035934054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should immunonutrition become routine in critically ill patients? A systematic review of the evidence
    • Heyland D.K., F. Novak, J.W. Drover, M. Jain, X. Su, U. Suchner: Should immunonutrition become routine in critically ill patients? A systematic review of the evidence. JAMA 256, 944-953 (2001).
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.256 , pp. 944-953
    • Heyland, D.K.1    Novak, F.2    Drover, J.W.3    Jain, M.4    Su, X.5    Suchner, U.6
  • 84
    • 0033504316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteral nutritional supplementation with key nutrients in patients with critical illness and cancer: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials
    • Heys S.D., L.G. Walker, I. Smith, O. Eremin: Enteral nutritional supplementation with key nutrients in patients with critical illness and cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Ann. Surg. 229, 467-477 (1999).
    • (1999) Ann. Surg. , vol.229 , pp. 467-477
    • Heys, S.D.1    Walker, L.G.2    Smith, I.3    Eremin, O.4
  • 85
    • 0035829852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients
    • van den Berghe G., P. Wouters, F. Weekers et al.: Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 345, 1359-1367 (2001).
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.345 , pp. 1359-1367
    • Van Den Berghe, G.1    Wouters, P.2    Weekers, F.3
  • 86
    • 3442899889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of an intensive glucose management protocol on the mortality of critically ill adult patients
    • Krinsley J.S.: Effect of an intensive glucose management protocol on the mortality of critically ill adult patients. Mayo Clin. Proc. 79, 992-1000 (2004).
    • (2004) Mayo Clin. Proc. , vol.79 , pp. 992-1000
    • Krinsley, J.S.1
  • 87
    • 0031050963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decrease in nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients by selective oropharyngeal decontamination (SOD)
    • Abele-Horn M., A. Dauber, A. Bauernfeind et al.: Decrease in nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients by selective oropharyngeal decontamination (SOD). Intensive Care Med. 23, 187-195 (1997).
    • (1997) Intensive Care Med. , vol.23 , pp. 187-195
    • Abele-Horn, M.1    Dauber, A.2    Bauernfeind, A.3
  • 88
    • 0032565412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in critically ill adult patients: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials
    • D'Amico R., S. Pifferi, C. Leonetti, V. Torri, A. Tinazzi, A. Liberati: Effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in critically ill adult patients: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 316, 1275-1285 (1998).
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.316 , pp. 1275-1285
    • D'Amico, R.1    Pifferi, S.2    Leonetti, C.3    Torri, V.4    Tinazzi, A.5    Liberati, A.6
  • 89
    • 0028896944 scopus 로고
    • Selective digestive decontamination in multiple trauma patients: Cost and efficacy
    • Langlois-Karaga A., M. Bues-Charbit, A. Davignon et al.: Selective digestive decontamination in multiple trauma patients: cost and efficacy. Pharm. World Sci. 17, 12-16 (1995).
    • (1995) Pharm. World Sci. , vol.17 , pp. 12-16
    • Langlois-Karaga, A.1    Bues-Charbit, M.2    Davignon, A.3
  • 90
    • 0032988992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective decontamination of the digestive tract in surgical patients: A systematic review of the evidence
    • Nathens A.B., J.C. Marshall: Selective decontamination of the digestive tract in surgical patients: a systematic review of the evidence. Arch. Surg. 134, 170-176 (1999).
    • (1999) Arch. Surg. , vol.134 , pp. 170-176
    • Nathens, A.B.1    Marshall, J.C.2
  • 91
    • 0029871633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective decontamination of the digestive tract in multiple trauma patients. A prospective double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study
    • Quinio B., J. Albanese, M. Bues-Charbit, X. Viviand, C. Martin: Selective decontamination of the digestive tract in multiple trauma patients. A prospective double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Chest 109, 765-772 (1996).
    • (1996) Chest , vol.109 , pp. 765-772
    • Quinio, B.1    Albanese, J.2    Bues-Charbit, M.3    Viviand, X.4    Martin, C.5
  • 92
    • 0021636059 scopus 로고
    • The effect of selective decontamination of the digestive tract on colonisation and infection rate in multiple trauma patients
    • Stoutenbeek C.P., H.K. van Saene, D.R. Miranda, D.F. Zandstra: The effect of selective decontamination of the digestive tract on colonisation and infection rate in multiple trauma patients. Intensive Care Med. 10, 185-192 (1984).
    • (1984) Intensive Care Med. , vol.10 , pp. 185-192
    • Stoutenbeek, C.P.1    Van Saene, H.K.2    Miranda, D.R.3    Zandstra, D.F.4
  • 93
    • 0023154422 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of colonization and respiratory infections in long-term ventilated patients by local antimicrobial prophylaxis
    • Unertl K., G. Ruckdeschel, H.K. Selbmann et al.: Prevention of colonization and respiratory infections in long-term ventilated patients by local antimicrobial prophylaxis. Intensive Care Med. 13, 106-113 (1987).
    • (1987) Intensive Care Med. , vol.13 , pp. 106-113
    • Unertl, K.1    Ruckdeschel, G.2    Selbmann, H.K.3
  • 94
    • 0023692265 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of colonization and infection in critically ill patients: A prospective randomized study
    • Kerver A.J., J.H. Rommes, E.A. Mevissen-Verhage et al.: Prevention of colonization and infection in critically ill patients: a prospective randomized study. Crit. Care Med. 16, 1087-1093 (1988).
    • (1988) Crit. Care Med. , vol.16 , pp. 1087-1093
    • Kerver, A.J.1    Rommes, J.H.2    Mevissen-Verhage, E.A.3
  • 95
    • 0023929869 scopus 로고
    • Triple regimen of selective decontamination of the digestive tract, systemic cefotaxime, and microbiological surveillance for prevention of acquired infection in intensive care
    • Ledingham I.M., S.R. Alcock, A.T. Eastaway, J.C. McDonald, I.C. McKay, G. Ramsay: Triple regimen of selective decontamination of the digestive tract, systemic cefotaxime, and microbiological surveillance for prevention of acquired infection in intensive care. Lancet 1, 785-790 (1988).
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 785-790
    • Ledingham, I.M.1    Alcock, S.R.2    Eastaway, A.T.3    McDonald, J.C.4    McKay, I.C.5    Ramsay, G.6
  • 96
    • 0024401094 scopus 로고
    • Intestinal decontamination for control of nosocomial multiresistant gram-negative bacilli. Study of an outbreak in an intensive care unit
    • Brun-Buisson C., P. Legrand, A. Rauss et al.: Intestinal decontamination for control of nosocomial multiresistant gram-negative bacilli. Study of an outbreak in an intensive care unit. Ann. Intern. Med. 110, 873-881 (1989).
    • (1989) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.110 , pp. 873-881
    • Brun-Buisson, C.1    Legrand, P.2    Rauss, A.3
  • 97
    • 0024306660 scopus 로고
    • Selective decontamination of the digestive tract with norfloxacin in the prevention of ICU-acquired infections: A prospective randomized study
    • Ulrich C., J.E. Harinck-de Weerd, N.C. Bakker, K. Jacz, L. Doornbos, de V.A. Ridder: Selective decontamination of the digestive tract with norfloxacin in the prevention of ICU-acquired infections: a prospective randomized study. Intensive Care Med. 15, 424-431 (1989).
    • (1989) Intensive Care Med. , vol.15 , pp. 424-431
    • Ulrich, C.1    Harinck-De Weerd, J.E.2    Bakker, N.C.3    Jacz, K.4    Doornbos, L.5    De Ridder, V.A.6
  • 98
    • 0025082895 scopus 로고
    • Intestinal decontamination in a polyvalent ICU. A double-blind study
    • Godard J., C. Guillaume, M.E. Reverdy et al.: Intestinal decontamination in a polyvalent ICU. A double-blind study. Intensive Care Med. 16, 307-311 (1990).
    • (1990) Intensive Care Med. , vol.16 , pp. 307-311
    • Godard, J.1    Guillaume, C.2    Reverdy, M.E.3
  • 99
    • 0025005225 scopus 로고
    • Reducing sepsis in severe combined acute renal and respiratory failure by selective decontamination of the digestive tract
    • McClelland P., A.E. Murray, P.S. Williams et al.: Reducing sepsis in severe combined acute renal and respiratory failure by selective decontamination of the digestive tract. Crit. Care Med. 18, 935-939 (1990).
    • (1990) Crit. Care Med. , vol.18 , pp. 935-939
    • McClelland, P.1    Murray, A.E.2    Williams, P.S.3
  • 100
    • 0025013242 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of nosocomial lung infection in ventilated patients: Use of an antimicrobial pharyngeal nonabsorbable paste
    • Rodriguez-Roldan J.M., A. Altuna-Cuesta, A. Lopez et al.: Prevention of nosocomial lung infection in ventilated patients: use of an antimicrobial pharyngeal nonabsorbable paste. Crit. Care Med. 18, 1239-1242 (1990).
    • (1990) Crit. Care Med. , vol.18 , pp. 1239-1242
    • Rodriguez-Roldan, J.M.1    Altuna-Cuesta, A.2    Lopez, A.3
  • 101
    • 0025273420 scopus 로고
    • Selective decontamination to reduce gram-negative colonisation and infections after oesophageal resection
    • Tetteroo G. W., J.H. Wagenvoort, A. Castelein, H.W. Tilanus, C. Ince, H.A. Bruining: Selective decontamination to reduce gram-negative colonisation and infections after oesophageal resection. Lancet 335, 704-707 (1990).
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.335 , pp. 704-707
    • Tetteroo, G.W.1    Wagenvoort, J.H.2    Castelein, A.3    Tilanus, H.W.4    Ince, C.5    Bruining, H.A.6
  • 102
    • 0026092023 scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic prophylaxis of respiratory tract infection in mechanically ventilated patients. A prospective, blinded, randomized trial of the effect of a novel regimen
    • Aerdts S.J., R. vanDalen, H.A. Clasener, J. Festen, H.J. van Lier, E.J. Vollaard: Antibiotic prophylaxis of respiratory tract infection in mechanically ventilated patients. A prospective, blinded, randomized trial of the effect of a novel regimen. Chest 100, 783-791 (1991).
    • (1991) Chest , vol.100 , pp. 783-791
    • Aerdts, S.J.1    Vandalen, R.2    Clasener, H.A.3    Festen, J.4    Van Lier, H.J.5    Vollaard, E.J.6
  • 103
    • 0026333273 scopus 로고
    • Selective decontamination of the digestive tract: A stratified, randomized, prospective study in a mixed intensive care unit
    • discussion 9-10
    • Blair P., B.J. Rowlands, K. Lowry, H. Webb, P. Armstrong, J. Smilie: Selective decontamination of the digestive tract: a stratified, randomized, prospective study in a mixed intensive care unit. Surgery 110, 303-309 (discussion 9-10) (1991).
    • (1991) Surgery , vol.110 , pp. 303-309
    • Blair, P.1    Rowlands, B.J.2    Lowry, K.3    Webb, H.4    Armstrong, P.5    Smilie, J.6
  • 104
    • 0026322391 scopus 로고
    • Selective decontamination of the digestive tract in cardiac surgical patients
    • Fox M.A., S. Peterson, B.M. Fabri, H.K. van Saene: Selective decontamination of the digestive tract in cardiac surgical patients. Crit. Care Med. 19, 1486-1490 (1991).
    • (1991) Crit. Care Med. , vol.19 , pp. 1486-1490
    • Fox, M.A.1    Peterson, S.2    Fabri, B.M.3    Van Saene, H.K.4
  • 105
    • 0025759061 scopus 로고
    • Effect of selective flora suppression on colonization, infection, and mortality in critically ill patients: A one-year, prospective consecutive study
    • Hartenauer U., B. Thulig, W. Diemer et al.: Effect of selective flora suppression on colonization, infection, and mortality in critically ill patients: a one-year, prospective consecutive study. Crit. Care Med. 19, 463-473 (1991).
    • (1991) Crit. Care Med. , vol.19 , pp. 463-473
    • Hartenauer, U.1    Thulig, B.2    Diemer, W.3
  • 106
    • 0025863441 scopus 로고
    • Oropharyngeal decontamination decreases incidence of ventilator- associated pneumonia. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial
    • Pugin J., R. Auckenthaler, D.P. Lew, P.M. Suter: Oropharyngeal decontamination decreases incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. JAMA 265, 2704-2710 (1991).
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.265 , pp. 2704-2710
    • Pugin, J.1    Auckenthaler, R.2    Lew, D.P.3    Suter, P.M.4
  • 107
    • 0025916225 scopus 로고
    • Effect of selective decontamination of the digestive tract on respiratory tract infections and mortality in the intensive care unit
    • Vandenbroucke-Grauls C.M., J.P. Vandenbroucke: Effect of selective decontamination of the digestive tract on respiratory tract infections and mortality in the intensive care unit. Lancet 338, 859-862 (1991).
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.338 , pp. 859-862
    • Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C.M.1    Vandenbroucke, J.P.2
  • 108
    • 0026737284 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of infection in critically ill patients by selective decontamination of the digestive tract
    • rd, S.R. Muller, J.P. Anhalt et al.: Prevention of infection in critically ill patients by selective decontamination of the digestive tract. Ann. Intern. Med. 117, 545-553 (1992).
    • (1992) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.117 , pp. 545-553
    • Cockerill III, F.R.1    Muller, S.R.2    Anhalt, J.P.3
  • 109
    • 0026543599 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial in intensive care units of selective decontamination of the digestive tract with nonabsorbable antibiotics
    • The French Study Group on Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract
    • Gastinne H., M. Wolff, F. Delatour, F. Faurisson, S. Chevret: A controlled trial in intensive care units of selective decontamination of the digestive tract with nonabsorbable antibiotics. The French Study Group on Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract. N. Engl. J. Med. 326, 594-599 (1992).
    • (1992) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.326 , pp. 594-599
    • Gastinne, H.1    Wolff, M.2    Delatour, F.3    Faurisson, F.4    Chevret, S.5
  • 110
    • 0026732629 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind study of selective decontamination of the digestive tract in intensive care
    • Hammond J.M., P.D. Potgieter, G.L. Saunders, A.A. Forder: Double-blind study of selective decontamination of the digestive tract in intensive care. Lancet 340, 5-9 (1992).
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.340 , pp. 5-9
    • Hammond, J.M.1    Potgieter, P.D.2    Saunders, G.L.3    Forder, A.A.4
  • 111
    • 0026678006 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of nosocomial infection in critically ill patients by selective decontamination of the digestive tract. A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study
    • Rocha L.A., M.J. Martin, S. Pita et al.: Prevention of nosocomial infection in critically ill patients by selective decontamination of the digestive tract. A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. Intensive Care Med. 18, 398-404 (1992).
    • (1992) Intensive Care Med. , vol.18 , pp. 398-404
    • Rocha, L.A.1    Martin, M.J.2    Pita, S.3
  • 112
    • 0026769019 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of selective decontamination of the digestive tract in intensive care and its effect on nosocomial infection
    • Winter R., H. Humphreys, A. Pick, A.P. MacGowan, S.M. Willatts, D.C. Speller: A controlled trial of selective decontamination of the digestive tract in intensive care and its effect on nosocomial infection. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 30, 73-87 (1992).
    • (1992) J. Antimicrob. Chemother. , vol.30 , pp. 73-87
    • Winter, R.1    Humphreys, H.2    Pick, A.3    MacGowan, A.P.4    Willatts, S.M.5    Speller, D.C.6
  • 113
    • 0027382345 scopus 로고
    • Selective decontamination of the digestive tract in neurosurgical intensive care unit patients: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study
    • Korinek A.M., M.J. Laisne, M.H. Nicolas, L. Raskine, V. Deroin, M.J. Sanson-Lepors: Selective decontamination of the digestive tract in neurosurgical intensive care unit patients: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Crit. Care Med. 21, 1466-1473 (1993).
    • (1993) Crit. Care Med. , vol.21 , pp. 1466-1473
    • Korinek, A.M.1    Laisne, M.J.2    Nicolas, M.H.3    Raskine, L.4    Deroin, V.5    Sanson-Lepors, M.J.6
  • 114
    • 0027202258 scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of selective decontamination of the digestive tract
    • Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract Trialists' Collaborative Group
    • Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of selective decontamination of the digestive tract. Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract Trialists' Collaborative Group. BMJ 307, 525-532 (1993).
    • (1993) BMJ , vol.307 , pp. 525-532
  • 115
    • 0028010814 scopus 로고
    • Utility of selective digestive decontamination in mechanically ventilated patients
    • Ferrer M., A. Torres, J. Gonzalez et al.: Utility of selective digestive decontamination in mechanically ventilated patients. Ann. Intern. Med. 120, 389-395 (1994).
    • (1994) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.120 , pp. 389-395
    • Ferrer, M.1    Torres, A.2    Gonzalez, J.3
  • 117
    • 0004879322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness and cost of selective decontamination of the digestive tract in critically ill intubated patients. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial
    • Sanchez Garcia M., J.A. Cambronero Galache, J. Lopez Diaz et al.: Effectiveness and cost of selective decontamination of the digestive tract in critically ill intubated patients. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 158, 908-916 (1998).
    • (1998) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.158 , pp. 908-916
    • Sanchez Garcia, M.1    Cambronero Galache, J.A.2    Lopez Diaz, J.3
  • 118
    • 0037108543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of combined intravenous and topical antibiotic prophylaxis on the incidence of infections, organ dysfunctions, and mortality in critically ill surgical patients: A prospective, stratified, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
    • Krueger W.A., P.P. Lenhart, G. Neeser et al.: Influence of combined intravenous and topical antibiotic prophylaxis on the incidence of infections, organ dysfunctions, and mortality in critically ill surgical patients: a prospective, stratified, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 166, 1029-1037 (2002).
    • (2002) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.166 , pp. 1029-1037
    • Krueger, W.A.1    Lenhart, P.P.2    Neeser, G.3
  • 119
    • 0141537234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of selective decontamination of digestive tract on mortality and acquisition of resistant bacteria in intensive care: A randomised controlled trial
    • de Jonge E., M.J. Schultz, L. Spanjaard et al.: Effects of selective decontamination of digestive tract on mortality and acquisition of resistant bacteria in intensive care: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 362, 1011-1016 (2003).
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 1011-1016
    • De Jonge, E.1    Schultz, M.J.2    Spanjaard, L.3
  • 120
    • 10644283859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of preemptive treatment to prevent severe candidiasis in critically ill surgical patients
    • Piarroux R., F. Grenouillet, P. Balvay et al.: Assessment of preemptive treatment to prevent severe candidiasis in critically ill surgical patients. Crit. Care Med. 32, 2443-2449 (2004).
    • (2004) Crit. Care Med. , vol.32 , pp. 2443-2449
    • Piarroux, R.1    Grenouillet, F.2    Balvay, P.3
  • 121
    • 0031205355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chirurgische therapie der diffusen peritonitis: Herdsanierung und intraoperative extensive lavage
    • Buchler M.W., H.U. Baer, L.E. Brugger, M.A. Feodorovici, W. Uhl, C. Seiler: Chirurgische Therapie der diffusen Peritonitis: Herdsanierung und intraoperative extensive Lavage. Chirurg 68, 811-815 (1997).
    • (1997) Chirurg , vol.68 , pp. 811-815
    • Buchler, M.W.1    Baer, H.U.2    Brugger, L.E.3    Feodorovici, M.A.4    Uhl, W.5    Seiler, C.6
  • 122
    • 0019449207 scopus 로고
    • Progressive necrotizing surgical infections - A unified approach
    • Kaiser R.E., F.B. Cerra: Progressive necrotizing surgical infections - a unified approach. J. Trauma 21, 349-355 (1981).
    • (1981) J. Trauma , vol.21 , pp. 349-355
    • Kaiser, R.E.1    Cerra, F.B.2
  • 123
    • 0014288343 scopus 로고
    • The importance of underlying disease in patients with gram-negative bacteremia
    • Freid M.A., K.L. Vosti: The importance of underlying disease in patients with gram-negative bacteremia. Arch. Intern. Med. 121, 418-423 (1968).
    • (1968) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.121 , pp. 418-423
    • Freid, M.A.1    Vosti, K.L.2
  • 125
    • 0014972601 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting mortality of gram-negative rod bacteremia
    • Bryant R.E., A.F. Hood, C.E. Hood, M.G. Koenig: Factors affecting mortality of gram-negative rod bacteremia. Arch. Intern. Med. 127, 120-128 (1971).
    • (1971) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.127 , pp. 120-128
    • Bryant, R.E.1    Hood, A.F.2    Hood, C.E.3    Koenig, M.G.4
  • 126
    • 0017615812 scopus 로고
    • Gram-negative rod bacteremia: Microbiologic, immunologic, and therapeutic considerations
    • Young L.S., W.J. Martin, R.D. Meyer, R.J. Weinstein, E.T. Anderson: Gram-negative rod bacteremia: microbiologic, immunologic, and therapeutic considerations. Ann. Intern. Med. 86, 456-471 (1977).
    • (1977) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.86 , pp. 456-471
    • Young, L.S.1    Martin, W.J.2    Meyer, R.D.3    Weinstein, R.J.4    Anderson, E.T.5
  • 127
    • 0018834461 scopus 로고
    • Gram-negative bacteremia. IV. Re-evaluation of clinical features and treatment in 612 patients
    • Kreger B.E., D.E. Craven, W.R. McCabe: Gram-negative bacteremia. IV. Re-evaluation of clinical features and treatment in 612 patients. Am. J. Med. 68, 344-355 (1980).
    • (1980) Am. J. Med. , vol.68 , pp. 344-355
    • Kreger, B.E.1    Craven, D.E.2    McCabe, W.R.3
  • 128
    • 0030970810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monotherapy versus beta-lactam-aminoglycoside combination treatment for gram-negative bacteremia: A prospective, observational study
    • Leibovici L., M. Paul, O. Poznanski et al.: Monotherapy versus beta-lactam-aminoglycoside combination treatment for gram-negative bacteremia: a prospective, observational study. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41, 1127-1133 (1997).
    • (1997) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.41 , pp. 1127-1133
    • Leibovici, L.1    Paul, M.2    Poznanski, O.3
  • 129
    • 0025938759 scopus 로고
    • Enterobacter bacteremia: Clinical features and emergence of antibiotic resistance during therapy
    • Chow J. W., M.J. Fine, D.M. Shlaes et al.: Enterobacter bacteremia: clinical features and emergence of antibiotic resistance during therapy. Ann. Intern. Med. 115, 585-590 (1991).
    • (1991) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.115 , pp. 585-590
    • Chow, J.W.1    Fine, M.J.2    Shlaes, D.M.3
  • 130
    • 0029909181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and outcome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia, with special emphasis on the influence of antibiotic treatment. Analysis of 189 episodes
    • Vidal F., J. Mensa, M. Almela et al.: Epidemiology and outcome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia, with special emphasis on the influence of antibiotic treatment. Analysis of 189 episodes. Arch. Intern. Med. 156, 2121-2126 (1996).
    • (1996) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.156 , pp. 2121-2126
    • Vidal, F.1    Mensa, J.2    Almela, M.3
  • 131
    • 19244362627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ceftazidime-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli bloodstream infection: A case-control and molecular epidemiologic investigation
    • Schiappa D.A., M.K. Hayden, M.G. Matushek et al.: Ceftazidime-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli bloodstream infection: a case-control and molecular epidemiologic investigation. J. Infect. Dis. 174, 529-536 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.174 , pp. 529-536
    • Schiappa, D.A.1    Hayden, M.K.2    Matushek, M.G.3
  • 132
    • 17144437650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of bacteremias caused by Enterococcus spp. with and without high-level resistance to gentamicin
    • The Grupo Andaluz para el estudio de las Enfermedades Infecciosas
    • Caballero-Granado F.J., J.M. Cisneros, R. Luque et al.: Comparative study of bacteremias caused by Enterococcus spp. with and without high-level resistance to gentamicin. The Grupo Andaluz para el estudio de las Enfermedades Infecciosas. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36, 520-525 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.36 , pp. 520-525
    • Caballero-Granado, F.J.1    Cisneros, J.M.2    Luque, R.3
  • 133
    • 0023227206 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of community and hospital-acquired bacteraemia in a large teaching hospital in the United Kingdom
    • Ispahani P., N.J. Pearson, D. Greenwood: An analysis of community and hospital-acquired bacteraemia in a large teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. Q.J. Med. 63, 427-440 (1987).
    • (1987) Q.J. Med. , vol.63 , pp. 427-440
    • Ispahani, P.1    Pearson, N.J.2    Greenwood, D.3
  • 134
    • 0030946482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Septic shock in bacteremic patients: Risk factors, features and prognosis
    • Leibovici L., M. Drucker, H. Konigsberger et al.: Septic shock in bacteremic patients: risk factors, features and prognosis. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 29, 71-75 (1997).
    • (1997) Scand. J. Infect. Dis. , vol.29 , pp. 71-75
    • Leibovici, L.1    Drucker, M.2    Konigsberger, H.3
  • 135
    • 0031762306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The benefit of appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment in patients with blood-stream infection
    • Leibovici L., I. Shraga, M. Drucker, H. Konigsberger, Z. Samra, S.D. Pitlik: The benefit of appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment in patients with blood-stream infection. J. Intern. Med. 244, 379-386 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Intern. Med. , vol.244 , pp. 379-386
    • Leibovici, L.1    Shraga, I.2    Drucker, M.3    Konigsberger, H.4    Samra, Z.5    Pitlik, S.D.6
  • 136
    • 0032911760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inadequate antimicrobial treatment of infections: A risk factor for hospital mortality among critically ill patients
    • Kollef M.H., G. Sherman, S. Ward, V.J. Fraser: Inadequate antimicrobial treatment of infections: a risk factor for hospital mortality among critically ill patients. Chest 115, 462-474 (1999).
    • (1999) Chest , vol.115 , pp. 462-474
    • Kollef, M.H.1    Sherman, G.2    Ward, S.3    Fraser, V.J.4
  • 137
    • 0141610906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of inadequate antimicrobial treatment of bloodstream infections on patient outcomes in the ICU setting
    • Ibrahim E.H., G. Sherman, S. Ward, V.J. Fraser, M.H. Kollef: The influence of inadequate antimicrobial treatment of bloodstream infections on patient outcomes in the ICU setting. Chest 118, 146-155 (2000).
    • (2000) Chest , vol.118 , pp. 146-155
    • Ibrahim, E.H.1    Sherman, G.2    Ward, S.3    Fraser, V.J.4    Kollef, M.H.5
  • 138
    • 0036894767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and prognostic determinants of bloodstream infections in surgical intensive care
    • discussion 9
    • Harbarth S., K. Fernere, S. Hugonnet, B. Ricou, P. Suter, D. Pittet: Epidemiology and prognostic determinants of bloodstream infections in surgical intensive care. Arch. Surg. 137, 1353-1359 (discussion 9) (2002).
    • (2002) Arch. Surg. , vol.137 , pp. 1353-1359
    • Harbarth, S.1    Fernere, K.2    Hugonnet, S.3    Ricou, B.4    Suter, P.5    Pittet, D.6
  • 140
    • 0242266613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy and its effect on survival in a clinical trial of immunomodulating therapy for severe sepsis
    • Harbarth S., J. Garbino, J. Pugin, J.A. Romand, D. Lew, D. Pittet: Inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy and its effect on survival in a clinical trial of immunomodulating therapy for severe sepsis. Am. J. Med. 115, 529-535 (2003).
    • (2003) Am. J. Med. , vol.115 , pp. 529-535
    • Harbarth, S.1    Garbino, J.2    Pugin, J.3    Romand, J.A.4    Lew, D.5    Pittet, D.6
  • 141
    • 0037870468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of inadequate empirical antimicrobial treatment on patients with bloodstream infections in an intensive care unit
    • Zaragoza R., A. Artero, J.J. Camarena, S. Sancho, R. Gonzalez, J.M. Nogueira: The influence of inadequate empirical antimicrobial treatment on patients with bloodstream infections in an intensive care unit. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 9, 412-418 (2003).
    • (2003) Clin. Microbiol. Infect. , vol.9 , pp. 412-418
    • Zaragoza, R.1    Artero, A.2    Camarena, J.J.3    Sancho, S.4    Gonzalez, R.5    Nogueira, J.M.6
  • 142
    • 0037323947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empirical antimicrobial therapy of septic shock patients: Adequacy and impact on the outcome
    • Leone M., A. Bourgoin, S. Cambon, M. Dubuc, J. Albanese, C. Martin: Empirical antimicrobial therapy of septic shock patients: adequacy and impact on the outcome. Crit. Care Med. 31, 462-467 (2003).
    • (2003) Crit. Care Med. , vol.31 , pp. 462-467
    • Leone, M.1    Bourgoin, A.2    Cambon, S.3    Dubuc, M.4    Albanese, J.5    Martin, C.6
  • 144
    • 3242775982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surviving Sepsis Campaign for management of severe sepsis and septic shock
    • Dellinger R.P., J. Carlet, H. Masur et al.: Surviving Sepsis Campaign for management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit. Care Med. 32, 858-872 (2004).
    • (2004) Crit. Care Med. , vol.32 , pp. 858-872
    • Dellinger, R.P.1    Carlet, J.2    Masur, H.3
  • 145
    • 1642395344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta lactam monotherapy versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside combination therapy for sepsis in immunocompetent patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials
    • Paul M., I. Benuri-Silbiger, K. Soares-Weiser, L. Leibovici: Beta lactam monotherapy versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside combination therapy for sepsis in immunocompetent patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 328, 668 (2004).
    • (2004) BMJ , vol.328 , pp. 668
    • Paul, M.1    Benuri-Silbiger, I.2    Soares-Weiser, K.3    Leibovici, L.4
  • 146
    • 0037764086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vancomycin penetration of uninfected pleural fluid exudate after continuous or intermittent infusion
    • Byl B., F. Jacobs, P. Wallemacq et al.: Vancomycin penetration of uninfected pleural fluid exudate after continuous or intermittent infusion. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 47, 2015-2017 (2003).
    • (2003) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.47 , pp. 2015-2017
    • Byl, B.1    Jacobs, F.2    Wallemacq, P.3
  • 148
    • 1642350291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical cure and survival in gram-positive ventilator-associated pneumonia: Retrospective analysis of two double-blind studies comparing linezolid with vancomycin
    • Kollef M.H., J. Rello, S.K. Cammarata, R.V. Croos-Dabrera, R. G. Wunderink: Clinical cure and survival in gram-positive ventilator-associated pneumonia: retrospective analysis of two double-blind studies comparing linezolid with vancomycin. Intensive Care Med. 30, 388-394 (2004).
    • (2004) Intensive Care Med. , vol.30 , pp. 388-394
    • Kollef, M.H.1    Rello, J.2    Cammarata, S.K.3    Croos-Dabrera, R.V.4    Wunderink, R.G.5
  • 149
    • 0242552187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linezolid vs vancomycin: Analysis of two double-blind studies of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pneumonia
    • Wunderink R.G., J. Rello, S.K. Cammarata, R.V. Croos-Dabrera, M.H. Kollef: Linezolid vs vancomycin: analysis of two double-blind studies of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pneumonia. Chest 124, 1789-1797 (2003).
    • (2003) Chest , vol.124 , pp. 1789-1797
    • Wunderink, R.G.1    Rello, J.2    Cammarata, S.K.3    Croos-Dabrera, R.V.4    Kollef, M.H.5
  • 150
    • 16844377617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and economic outcomes of oral linezolid versus intravenous vancomycin in the treatment of MRSA-complicated, lower-extremity skin and soft-tissue infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    • Sharpe J.N., E.H. Shively, H.C. Polk Jr.: Clinical and economic outcomes of oral linezolid versus intravenous vancomycin in the treatment of MRSA-complicated, lower-extremity skin and soft-tissue infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Am. J. Surg. 189, 425-428 (2005).
    • (2005) Am. J. Surg. , vol.189 , pp. 425-428
    • Sharpe, J.N.1    Shively, E.H.2    Polk Jr., H.C.3
  • 152
    • 16644389136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linezolid eradicates MRSA better than vancomycin from surgical-site infections
    • Weigelt J., H.M. Kaafarani, K.M. Itani, R.N. Swanson: Linezolid eradicates MRSA better than vancomycin from surgical-site infections. Am. J. Surg. 188, 760-766 (2004).
    • (2004) Am. J. Surg. , vol.188 , pp. 760-766
    • Weigelt, J.1    Kaafarani, H.M.2    Itani, K.M.3    Swanson, R.N.4
  • 153
    • 0033231916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rifampicin as an adjunct to vancomycin therapy in MRSA septicaemia in burns
    • Gang R.K., S.C. Sanyal, E. Mokaddas, A.R. Lari: Rifampicin as an adjunct to vancomycin therapy in MRSA septicaemia in burns. Burns 25, 640-644 (1999).
    • (1999) Burns , vol.25 , pp. 640-644
    • Gang, R.K.1    Sanyal, S.C.2    Mokaddas, E.3    Lari, A.R.4
  • 155
    • 0031822880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of teicoplanin plus rifampicin in the treatment of bacteraemic infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus
    • Yzerman E.P., H.A. Boelens, M. Vogel, H.A. Verbrugh: Efficacy and safety of teicoplanin plus rifampicin in the treatment of bacteraemic infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 42, 233-239 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Antimicrob. Chemother. , vol.42 , pp. 233-239
    • Yzerman, E.P.1    Boelens, H.A.2    Vogel, M.3    Verbrugh, H.A.4
  • 156
    • 10744224536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment outcomes for serious infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with reduced vancomycin susceptibility
    • Howden B.P., P.B. Ward, P.G. Charles et al.: Treatment outcomes for serious infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with reduced vancomycin susceptibility. Clin. Infect. Dis. 38, 521-528 (2004).
    • (2004) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.38 , pp. 521-528
    • Howden, B.P.1    Ward, P.B.2    Charles, P.G.3
  • 157
    • 4544244010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination antibiotic therapy lowers mortality among severely ill patients with pneumococcal bacteremia
    • Baddour L.M., V.L. Yu, K.P. Klugman et al.: Combination antibiotic therapy lowers mortality among severely ill patients with pneumococcal bacteremia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 170, 440-444 (2004).
    • (2004) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.170 , pp. 440-444
    • Baddour, L.M.1    Yu, V.L.2    Klugman, K.P.3
  • 158
    • 0028806984 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic approaches in patients with candidemia. Evaluation in a multicenter, prospective, observational study
    • Nguyen M.H., J.E. Peacock Jr., D.C. Tanner et al.: Therapeutic approaches in patients with candidemia. Evaluation in a multicenter, prospective, observational study. Arch. Intern. Med. 155, 2429-2435 (1995).
    • (1995) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.155 , pp. 2429-2435
    • Nguyen, M.H.1    Peacock Jr., J.E.2    Tanner, D.C.3
  • 159
    • 0042868282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluconazole improves survival in septic shock: A randomized double-blind prospective study
    • Jacobs S., D.A. Price Evans, M. Tariq, N.F. Al Omar: Fluconazole improves survival in septic shock: a randomized double-blind prospective study. Crit. Care Med. 31, 1938-1946 (2003).
    • (2003) Crit. Care Med. , vol.31 , pp. 1938-1946
    • Jacobs, S.1    Price Evans, D.A.2    Tariq, M.3    Al Omar, N.F.4
  • 161
    • 0035879459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive candidiasis: Turning risk into a practical prevention policy?
    • Sobel J.D., J.H. Rex: Invasive candidiasis: turning risk into a practical prevention policy? Clin. Infect. Dis. 33, 187-190 (2001).
    • (2001) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.33 , pp. 187-190
    • Sobel, J.D.1    Rex, J.H.2
  • 162
    • 0142062516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial therapy of unexplained fever in neutropenic patients - Guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Oncology (DGHO), Study Group Interventional Therapy of Unexplained Fever, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Supportivmaßnahmen in der Onkologie (ASO) of the Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft (DKG-German Cancer Society)
    • Link H., A. Bohme, O.A. Cornely et al.: Antimicrobial therapy of unexplained fever in neutropenic patients - guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Oncology (DGHO), Study Group Interventional Therapy of Unexplained Fever, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Supportivmaßnahmen in der Onkologie (ASO) of the Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft (DKG-German Cancer Society). Ann. Hematol. 82 (Suppl. 2), S105-S117 (2003).
    • (2003) Ann. Hematol. , vol.82 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Link, H.1    Bohme, A.2    Cornely, O.A.3
  • 163
    • 3042705867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostik und therapie von infektionen bei patienten in der Hämatologie und onkologie
    • Leitlinien der Sektion Infektionen in der Hämatologie/Onkologie der Paul-Ehrlich-Gesellschaft e.V
    • Diagnostik und Therapie von Infektionen bei Patienten in der Hämatologie und Onkologie. Leitlinien der Sektion Infektionen in der Hämatologie/Onkologie der Paul-Ehrlich-Gesellschaft e.V. Chemother. J. 13, 134-141 (2004).
    • (2004) Chemother. J. , vol.13 , pp. 134-141
  • 164
    • 8544284077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter randomized trial of fluconazole versus amphotericin B for treatment of candidemia in non-neutropenic patients
    • Canadian Candidemia Study Group
    • Phillips P., S. Shafran, G. Garber et al.: Multicenter randomized trial of fluconazole versus amphotericin B for treatment of candidemia in non-neutropenic patients. Canadian Candidemia Study Group. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 16, 337-345 (1997).
    • (1997) Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. , vol.16 , pp. 337-345
    • Phillips, P.1    Shafran, S.2    Garber, G.3
  • 165
    • 0242437957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluconazole versus amphotericin B in the treatment of hematogenous candidiasis: A matched cohort study
    • Anaissie E.J., S.E. Vartivarian, D. Abi-Said et al.: Fluconazole versus amphotericin B in the treatment of hematogenous candidiasis: a matched cohort study. Am. J. Med. 101, 170-176 (1996).
    • (1996) Am. J. Med. , vol.101 , pp. 170-176
    • Anaissie, E.J.1    Vartivarian, S.E.2    Abi-Said, D.3
  • 166
    • 0030457165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluconazole vs. amphotericin B for the treatment of neonatal fungal septicemia: A prospective randomized trial
    • Driessen M., J.B. Ellis, P.A. Cooper et al.: Fluconazole vs. amphotericin B for the treatment of neonatal fungal septicemia: a prospective randomized trial. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 15, 1107-1112 (1996).
    • (1996) Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. , vol.15 , pp. 1107-1112
    • Driessen, M.1    Ellis, J.B.2    Cooper, P.A.3
  • 167
    • 0035829842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock
    • Rivers E., B. Nguyen, S. Havstad et al.: Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N. Engl. J. Med. 345, 1368-1377 (2001).
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.345 , pp. 1368-1377
    • Rivers, E.1    Nguyen, B.2    Havstad, S.3
  • 168
    • 0034773102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subjective assessment of left ventricular preload using transesophageal echocardiography: Corresponding pulmonary artery occlusion pressures
    • Swenson J.D., D. Bull, J. Stringham: Subjective assessment of left ventricular preload using transesophageal echocardiography: corresponding pulmonary artery occlusion pressures. J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 15, 580-583 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. , vol.15 , pp. 580-583
    • Swenson, J.D.1    Bull, D.2    Stringham, J.3
  • 169
    • 0034791857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of cardiac preload by indicator dilution and transoesophageal echocardiography
    • Buhre W., K. Buhre, S. Kazmaier, H. Sonntag, A. Weyland: Assessment of cardiac preload by indicator dilution and transoesophageal echocardiography. Eur. J. Anaesthesiol. 18, 662-667 (2001).
    • (2001) Eur. J. Anaesthesiol. , vol.18 , pp. 662-667
    • Buhre, W.1    Buhre, K.2    Kazmaier, S.3    Sonntag, H.4    Weyland, A.5
  • 170
    • 12144287425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure and central venous pressure fail to predict ventricular filling volume, cardiac performance, or the response to volume infusion in normal subjects
    • Kumar A., R. Anel, E. Bunnell et al.: Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure and central venous pressure fail to predict ventricular filling volume, cardiac performance, or the response to volume infusion in normal subjects. Crit. Care Med. 32, 691-699 (2004).
    • (2004) Crit. Care Med. , vol.32 , pp. 691-699
    • Kumar, A.1    Anel, R.2    Bunnell, E.3
  • 171
    • 0031779157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central venous pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and intrathoracic blood volumes as preload indicators in cardiac surgery patients
    • discussion 9-40
    • Godje O., M. Peyerl, T. Seebauer, P. Lamm, H. Mair, B. Reichart: Central venous pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and intrathoracic blood volumes as preload indicators in cardiac surgery patients. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 13, 533-539 (discussion 9-40) (1998).
    • (1998) Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. , vol.13 , pp. 533-539
    • Godje, O.1    Peyerl, M.2    Seebauer, T.3    Lamm, P.4    Mair, H.5    Reichart, B.6
  • 172
    • 84926232888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of albumin and saline for fluid resuscitation in the intensive care unit
    • Finfer S., R. Bellomo, N. Boyce, J. French, J. Myburgh, R. Norton: A comparison of albumin and saline for fluid resuscitation in the intensive care unit. N. Engl. J. Med. 350, 2247-2256 (2004).
    • (2004) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.350 , pp. 2247-2256
    • Finfer, S.1    Bellomo, R.2    Boyce, N.3    French, J.4    Myburgh, J.5    Norton, R.6
  • 173
    • 0032574523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluid resuscitation with colloid or crystalloid solutions in critically ill patients: A systematic review of randomised trials
    • Schierhout G., I. Roberts: Fluid resuscitation with colloid or crystalloid solutions in critically ill patients: a systematic review of randomised trials. BMJ 316, 961-964 (1998).
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.316 , pp. 961-964
    • Schierhout, G.1    Roberts, I.2
  • 174
    • 84921622908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human albumin solution for resuscitation and volume expansion in critically ill patients
    • CD001208
    • Alderson P., F. Bunn, C. Lefebvre et al.: Human albumin solution for resuscitation and volume expansion in critically ill patients. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 1, CD001208 (2002).
    • (2002) Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. , vol.1
    • Alderson, P.1    Bunn, F.2    Lefebvre, C.3
  • 176
    • 0028872009 scopus 로고
    • A trial of goal-oriented hemodynamic therapy in critically ill patients
    • 2 Collaborative Group
    • 2 Collaborative Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 333, 1025-1032 (1995).
    • (1995) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.333 , pp. 1025-1032
    • Gattinoni, L.1    Brazzi, L.2    Pelosi, P.3
  • 177
    • 0036342470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of hemodynamic optimization in high-risk patients
    • Kern J.W., W.C. Shoemaker: Meta-analysis of hemodynamic optimization in high-risk patients. Crit. Care Med. 30, 1686-1692 (2002).
    • (2002) Crit. Care Med. , vol.30 , pp. 1686-1692
    • Kern, J.W.1    Shoemaker, W.C.2
  • 178
    • 0027465184 scopus 로고
    • Response of critically ill patients to treatment aimed at achieving supranormal oxygen delivery and consumption. Relationship to outcome
    • Hayes M.A., E.H. You, A.C. Timmins, C.J. Hinds, D. Watson: Response of critically ill patients to treatment aimed at achieving supranormal oxygen delivery and consumption. Relationship to outcome. Chest 103, 886-895 (1993).
    • (1993) Chest , vol.103 , pp. 886-895
    • Hayes, M.A.1    You, E.H.2    Timmins, A.C.3    Hinds, C.J.4    Watson, D.5
  • 180
    • 0033847366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of norepinephrine on the outcome of septic shock
    • Martin C., X. Viviand, M. Leone, X. Thirion: Effect of norepinephrine on the outcome of septic shock. Crit. Care Med. 28, 2758-2765 (2000).
    • (2000) Crit. Care Med. , vol.28 , pp. 2758-2765
    • Martin, C.1    Viviand, X.2    Leone, M.3    Thirion, X.4
  • 181
    • 0030965638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of norepinephrine and dobutamine to epinephrine for hemodynamics, lactate metabolism, and gastric tonometric variables in septic shock: A prospective, randomized study
    • Levy B., P.E. Bollaert, C. Charpentier et al.: Comparison of norepinephrine and dobutamine to epinephrine for hemodynamics, lactate metabolism, and gastric tonometric variables in septic shock: a prospective, randomized study. Intensive Care Med. 23, 282-287 (1997).
    • (1997) Intensive Care Med. , vol.23 , pp. 282-287
    • Levy, B.1    Bollaert, P.E.2    Charpentier, C.3
  • 183
    • 0031855423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dobutamine antagonizes epinephrine's biochemical and cardiotonic effects: Results of an in vitro model using human lymphocytes and a clinical study in patients recovering from cardiac surgery
    • Prielipp R.C., D.A. MacGregor, R.L. Royster, N.D. Kon, M.H. Hines, J.F. Butterworth: Dobutamine antagonizes epinephrine's biochemical and cardiotonic effects: results of an in vitro model using human lymphocytes and a clinical study in patients recovering from cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 89, 49-57 (1998).
    • (1998) Anesthesiology , vol.89 , pp. 49-57
    • Prielipp, R.C.1    MacGregor, D.A.2    Royster, R.L.3    Kon, N.D.4    Hines, M.H.5    Butterworth, J.F.6
  • 184
    • 0034509672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose dopamine in patients with early renal dysfunction: A placebo-controlled randomised trial
    • Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Clinical Trials Group
    • Bellomo R., M. Chapman, S. Finfer, K. Hickling, J. Myburgh: Low-dose dopamine in patients with early renal dysfunction: a placebo-controlled randomised trial. Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Clinical Trials Group. Lancet 356, 2139-2143 (2000).
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , pp. 2139-2143
    • Bellomo, R.1    Chapman, M.2    Finfer, S.3    Hickling, K.4    Myburgh, J.5
  • 185
    • 0345583693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose dopamine does not prevent acute renal failure in patients with septic shock and oliguria
    • NORASEPT II Study Investigators
    • Marik P.E., J. Iglesias: Low-dose dopamine does not prevent acute renal failure in patients with septic shock and oliguria. NORASEPT II Study Investigators. Am. J. Med. 107, 387-390 (1999).
    • (1999) Am. J. Med. , vol.107 , pp. 387-390
    • Marik, P.E.1    Iglesias, J.2
  • 186
    • 0030198968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the administration of dopamine associated with adverse or favorable outcomes in acute renal failure?
    • Auriculin Anaritide Acute Renal Failure Study Group
    • Chertow G.M, M.H. Sayegh, R.L. Allgren, J.M. Lazarus: Is the administration of dopamine associated with adverse or favorable outcomes in acute renal failure? Auriculin Anaritide Acute Renal Failure Study Group. Am. J. Med. 101, 49-53 (1996).
    • (1996) Am. J. Med. , vol.101 , pp. 49-53
    • Chertow, G.M.1    Sayegh, M.H.2    Allgren, R.L.3    Lazarus, J.M.4
  • 187
    • 0034882708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of dopamine in acute renal failure: A meta-analysis
    • Kellum J.A., M. Decker Jun.: Use of dopamine in acute renal failure: a meta-analysis. Crit. Care Med. 29, 1526-1531 (2001).
    • (2001) Crit. Care Med. , vol.29 , pp. 1526-1531
    • Kellum, J.A.1    Decker Jr., M.2
  • 188
    • 0036020293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose dopamine: A systematic review
    • Marik P.E.: Low-dose dopamine: a systematic review. Intensive Care Med. 28, 877-883 (2002).
    • (2002) Intensive Care Med. , vol.28 , pp. 877-883
    • Marik, P.E.1
  • 189
    • 1642460005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there still a place for dopamine in the modern intensive care unit?
    • Debaveye Y.A., G.H. Van den Berghe: Is there still a place for dopamine in the modern intensive care unit? Anesth. Analg. 98, 461-468 (2004).
    • (2004) Anesth. Analg. , vol.98 , pp. 461-468
    • Debaveye, Y.A.1    Van Den Berghe, G.H.2
  • 190
    • 0032735530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopexamine increases splanchnic blood flow but decreases gastric mucosal pH in severe septic patients treated with dobutamine
    • Meier-Hellmann A., D.L. Bredle, M. Specht, L. Hannemann, K. Reinhart: Dopexamine increases splanchnic blood flow but decreases gastric mucosal pH in severe septic patients treated with dobutamine. Crit. Care Med. 27, 2166-2171 (1999).
    • (1999) Crit. Care Med. , vol.27 , pp. 2166-2171
    • Meier-Hellmann, A.1    Bredle, D.L.2    Specht, M.3    Hannemann, L.4    Reinhart, K.5
  • 191
    • 0031670922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopexamine: Much more than a vasoactive agent
    • Bennett E.D.: Dopexamine: much more than a vasoactive agent. Crit. Care Med. 26, 1621-1622 (1998).
    • (1998) Crit. Care Med. , vol.26 , pp. 1621-1622
    • Bennett, E.D.1
  • 192
    • 0032833576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopexamine reduces the incidence of acute inflammation in the gut mucosa after abdominal surgery in high-risk patients
    • Byers R.J., J.M. Eddleston, R.C. Pearson, G. Bigley, R.F. McMahon: Dopexamine reduces the incidence of acute inflammation in the gut mucosa after abdominal surgery in high-risk patients. Crit. Care Med. 27, 1787-1793 (1999).
    • (1999) Crit. Care Med. , vol.27 , pp. 1787-1793
    • Byers, R.J.1    Eddleston, J.M.2    Pearson, R.C.3    Bigley, G.4    McMahon, R.F.5
  • 193
    • 0034071287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a dopexamine-induced increase in cardiac index on splanchnic hemodynamics in septic shock
    • Kiefer P., I. Tugtekin, H. Wiedeck et al.: Effect of a dopexamine-induced increase in cardiac index on splanchnic hemodynamics in septic shock. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 161 (3 Pt 1), 775-779 (2000).
    • (2000) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.161 , Issue.3 PART 1 , pp. 775-779
    • Kiefer, P.1    Tugtekin, I.2    Wiedeck, H.3
  • 194
    • 0031720365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopexamine attenuates endotoxin-induced microcirculatory changes in rat mesentery: Role of beta2 adrenoceptors
    • Schmidt W., A. Hacker, M.M. Gebhard, E. Martin, H. Schmidt: Dopexamine attenuates endotoxin-induced microcirculatory changes in rat mesentery: role of beta2 adrenoceptors. Crit. Care Med. 26, 1639-1645 (1998).
    • (1998) Crit. Care Med. , vol.26 , pp. 1639-1645
    • Schmidt, W.1    Hacker, A.2    Gebhard, M.M.3    Martin, E.4    Schmidt, H.5
  • 195
    • 0038663048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arginine vasopressin in advanced vasodilatory shock: A prospective, randomized, controlled study
    • Dunser M.W., A.J. Mayr, H. Ulmer et al.: Arginine vasopressin in advanced vasodilatory shock: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Circulation 107, 2313-2319 (2003).
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , pp. 2313-2319
    • Dunser, M.W.1    Mayr, A.J.2    Ulmer, H.3
  • 197
    • 0032851311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose vasopressin in the treatment of vasodilatory septic shock
    • discussion 5
    • Malay M.B., R.C. Ashton Jr., D.W. Landry, R.N. Townsend: Low-dose vasopressin in the treatment of vasodilatory septic shock. J. Trauma 47, 699-703 (discussion 5) (1999).
    • (1999) J. Trauma , vol.47 , pp. 699-703
    • Malay, M.B.1    Ashton Jr., R.C.2    Landry, D.W.3    Townsend, R.N.4
  • 198
    • 0036187359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of short-term vasopressin infusion during severe septic shock
    • Patel B.M., D.R. Chittock, J.A. Russell, K.R. Walley: Beneficial effects of short-term vasopressin infusion during severe septic shock. Anesthesiology 96, 576-582 (2002).
    • (2002) Anesthesiology , vol.96 , pp. 576-582
    • Patel, B.M.1    Chittock, D.R.2    Russell, J.A.3    Walley, K.R.4
  • 199
    • 18744426404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ischemic skin lesions as a complication of continuous vasopressin infusion in catecholamine-resistant vasodilatory shock: Incidence and risk factors
    • Dunser M.W., A.J. Mayr, A. Tur et al.: Ischemic skin lesions as a complication of continuous vasopressin infusion in catecholamine-resistant vasodilatory shock: incidence and risk factors. Crit. Care Med. 31, 1394-1398 (2003).
    • (2003) Crit. Care Med. , vol.31 , pp. 1394-1398
    • Dunser, M.W.1    Mayr, A.J.2    Tur, A.3
  • 200
    • 3242664101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of vasopressin in the management of septic shock
    • Mutlu G.M., P. Factor: Role of vasopressin in the management of septic shock. Intensive Care Med. 30, 1276-1291 (2004).
    • (2004) Intensive Care Med. , vol.30 , pp. 1276-1291
    • Mutlu, G.M.1    Factor, P.2
  • 201
    • 0032795197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological sequelae and impaired health status in survivors of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • Hopkins R.O., L.K. Weaver, D. Pope, J.F. Orme, E.D. Bigler, L.V. Larson: Neuropsychological sequelae and impaired health status in survivors of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 160, 50-56 (1999).
    • (1999) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.160 , pp. 50-56
    • Hopkins, R.O.1    Weaver, L.K.2    Pope, D.3    Orme, J.F.4    Bigler, E.D.5    Larson, L.V.6
  • 202
    • 0343893748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network: Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 342, 1301-1308 (2000).
    • (2000) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.342 , pp. 1301-1308
  • 203
    • 0032484956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a protective-ventilation strategy on mortality in the acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • Amato M.B., C.S. Barbas, D.M. Medeiros et al.: Effect of a protective-ventilation strategy on mortality in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 338, 347-354 (1998).
    • (1998) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.338 , pp. 347-354
    • Amato, M.B.1    Barbas, C.S.2    Medeiros, D.M.3
  • 205
    • 0027948495 scopus 로고
    • Low mortality rate in adult respiratory distress syndrome using low-volume, pressure-limited ventilation with permissive hypercapnia: A prospective study
    • Hickling K.G., J. Walsh, S. Henderson, R. Jackson: Low mortality rate in adult respiratory distress syndrome using low-volume, pressure-limited ventilation with permissive hypercapnia: a prospective study. Crit. Care Med. 22, 1568-1578 (1994).
    • (1994) Crit. Care Med. , vol.22 , pp. 1568-1578
    • Hickling, K.G.1    Walsh, J.2    Henderson, S.3    Jackson, R.4
  • 206
  • 207
    • 17944383332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of prone positioning on the survival of patients with acute respiratory failure
    • Gattinoni L., G. Tognoni, A. Pesenti et al.: Effect of prone positioning on the survival of patients with acute respiratory failure. N. Engl. J. Med. 345, 568-573 (2001).
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.345 , pp. 568-573
    • Gattinoni, L.1    Tognoni, G.2    Pesenti, A.3
  • 208
    • 8544278034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of systematic prone positioning in hypoxemic acute respiratory failure: A randomized controlled trial
    • Guerin C., S. Gaillard, S. Lemasson et al.: Effects of systematic prone positioning in hypoxemic acute respiratory failure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 292, 2379-2387 (2004).
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.292 , pp. 2379-2387
    • Guerin, C.1    Gaillard, S.2    Lemasson, S.3
  • 209
    • 3643073477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhalation of nitric oxide in acute lung injury: Results of a European multicentre study
    • The European Study Group of Inhaled Nitric Oxide
    • Lundin S., H. Mang, M. Smithies, O. Stenqvist, C. Frotell: Inhalation of nitric oxide in acute lung injury: results of a European multicentre study. The European Study Group of Inhaled Nitric Oxide. Intensive Care Med. 25, 911-919 (1999).
    • (1999) Intensive Care Med. , vol.25 , pp. 911-919
    • Lundin, S.1    Mang, H.2    Smithies, M.3    Stenqvist, O.4    Frotell, C.5
  • 210
    • 1842433745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose inhaled nitric oxide in patients with acute lung injury: A randomized controlled trial
    • Taylor R.W., J.L. Zimmerman, R.P. Dellinger et al.: Low-dose inhaled nitric oxide in patients with acute lung injury: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 291, 1603-1609 (2004).
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 1603-1609
    • Taylor, R.W.1    Zimmerman, J.L.2    Dellinger, R.P.3
  • 211
    • 0141569764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaled nitric oxide for acute hypoxic respiratory failure in children and adults: A meta-analysis
    • Sokol J., S.E. Jacobs, D. Bohn: Inhaled nitric oxide for acute hypoxic respiratory failure in children and adults: a meta-analysis. Anesth. Analg. 97, 989-998 (2003).
    • (2003) Anesth. Analg. , vol.97 , pp. 989-998
    • Sokol, J.1    Jacobs, S.E.2    Bohn, D.3
  • 212
    • 8544253224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extubation outcome after spontaneous breathing trials with T-tube or pressure support ventilation
    • The Spanish Lung Failure Collaborative Group
    • Esteban A., I. Alia, F. Gordo et al.: Extubation outcome after spontaneous breathing trials with T-tube or pressure support ventilation. The Spanish Lung Failure Collaborative Group. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 156 (2 Pt 1), 459-465 (1997).
    • (1997) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.156 , Issue.2 PART 1 , pp. 459-465
    • Esteban, A.1    Alia, I.2    Gordo, F.3
  • 213
    • 0032971049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of spontaneous breathing trial duration on outcome of attempts to discontinue mechanical ventilation
    • Spanish Lung Failure Collaborative Group
    • Esteban A., I. Alia, M.J. Tobin et al.: Effect of spontaneous breathing trial duration on outcome of attempts to discontinue mechanical ventilation. Spanish Lung Failure Collaborative Group. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 159, 512-518 (1999).
    • (1999) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.159 , pp. 512-518
    • Esteban, A.1    Alia, I.2    Tobin, M.J.3
  • 214
    • 10544248173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect on the duration of mechanical ventilation of identifying patients capable of breathing spontaneously
    • Ely E. W., A.M. Baker, D.P. Dunagan et al.: Effect on the duration of mechanical ventilation of identifying patients capable of breathing spontaneously. N. Engl. J. Med. 335, 1864-1869 (1996).
    • (1996) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.335 , pp. 1864-1869
    • Ely, E.W.1    Baker, A.M.2    Dunagan, D.P.3
  • 216
    • 0023252009 scopus 로고
    • A controlled clinical trial of high-dose methylprednisolone in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock
    • Bone A.C., C.J. Fisher Jr., T.P. Clemmer, G.J. Slotman, C.A. Metz, R.A. Balk: A controlled clinical trial of high-dose methylprednisolone in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N. Engl. J. Med. 317, 653-658 (1987).
    • (1987) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.317 , pp. 653-658
    • Bone, A.C.1    Fisher Jr., C.J.2    Clemmer, T.P.3    Slotman, G.J.4    Metz, C.A.5    Balk, R.A.6
  • 217
    • 0023239471 scopus 로고
    • Effect of high-dose glucocorticoid therapy on mortality in patients with clinical signs of systemic sepsis
    • The Veterans Administration Systemic Sepsis Cooperative Study Group: Effect of high-dose glucocorticoid therapy on mortality in patients with clinical signs of systemic sepsis. N. Engl. J. Med. 317, 659-665 (1987).
    • (1987) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.317 , pp. 659-665
  • 218
    • 0037151571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of treatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone on mortality in patients with septic shock
    • Annane D., V. Sebille, C. Charpentier et al.: Effect of treatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone on mortality in patients with septic shock. JAMA 288, 862-871 (2002).
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 862-871
    • Annane, D.1    Sebille, V.2    Charpentier, C.3
  • 219
    • 0037250881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenal insufficiency during septic shock
    • Marik P.E., G.P. Zaloga: Adrenal insufficiency during septic shock. Crit. Care Med. 31, 141-145 (2003).
    • (2003) Crit. Care Med. , vol.31 , pp. 141-145
    • Marik, P.E.1    Zaloga, G.P.2
  • 220
    • 0035116763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal insufficiency
    • Zaloga G.P., P. Marik: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal insufficiency. Crit. Care Clin. 17, 25-41 (2001).
    • (2001) Crit. Care Clin. , vol.17 , pp. 25-41
    • Zaloga, G.P.1    Marik, P.2
  • 221
    • 0019759637 scopus 로고
    • Transport of steroid hormones: Binding of 21 endogenous steroids to both testosterone-binding globulin and corticosteroid-binding globulin in human plasma
    • Dunn J.F., B.C. Nisula, D. Rodbard: Transport of steroid hormones: binding of 21 endogenous steroids to both testosterone-binding globulin and corticosteroid-binding globulin in human plasma. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 53, 58-68 (1981).
    • (1981) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.53 , pp. 58-68
    • Dunn, J.F.1    Nisula, B.C.2    Rodbard, D.3
  • 222
    • 0034754254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of corticosteroid-binding globulin and the free cortisol index during septic shock and multitrauma
    • Beishuizen A., L.G. Thijs, I. Vermes: Patterns of corticosteroid-binding globulin and the free cortisol index during septic shock and multitrauma. Intensive Care Med. 27, 1584-1591 (2001).
    • (2001) Intensive Care Med. , vol.27 , pp. 1584-1591
    • Beishuizen, A.1    Thijs, L.G.2    Vermes, I.3
  • 223
    • 0037441670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunologic and hemodynamic effects of "low-dose" hydrocortisone in septic shock: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study
    • Keh D., T. Boehnke, S. Weber-Cartens et al.: Immunologic and hemodynamic effects of "low-dose" hydrocortisone in septic shock: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 167, 512-520 (2003).
    • (2003) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.167 , pp. 512-520
    • Keh, D.1    Boehnke, T.2    Weber-Cartens, S.3
  • 224
    • 0035826096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis
    • Bernard G.R., J.L. Vincent, P.P. Laterre et al.: Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N. Engl. J. Med. 344, 699-709 (2001).
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.344 , pp. 699-709
    • Bernard, G.R.1    Vincent, J.L.2    Laterre, P.P.3
  • 226
    • 8544268686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of drotrecogin alfa (activated) on long-term survival after severe sepsis
    • Angus D.C., P.F. Laterre, J. Heiterbrand et al.: The effect of drotrecogin alfa (activated) on long-term survival after severe sepsis. Crit. Care Med. 32, 2199-2206 (2004).
    • (2004) Crit. Care Med. , vol.32 , pp. 2199-2206
    • Angus, D.C.1    Laterre, P.F.2    Heiterbrand, J.3
  • 227
    • 84858573487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use. Press Release EMEA/138444/2005; 21. April
    • European Medicines Agency: Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use. Press Release EMEA/138444/2005; 21. April 2005. http://www.emea.eu.int/ pdfs/human/press/pr/12130705en.pdf.
    • (2005)
  • 228
    • 0035904368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caring for the critically ill patient. High-dose antithrombin III in severe sepsis: A randomized controlled trial
    • Warren B.L., A. Eid, P. Singer et al.: Caring for the critically ill patient. High-dose antithrombin III in severe sepsis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 286, 1869-1878 (2001).
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.286 , pp. 1869-1878
    • Warren, B.L.1    Eid, A.2    Singer, P.3
  • 229
    • 3042790839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyclonal immunoglobulin for treatment of bacterial sepsis: A systematic review
    • Pildal J., P.C. Gotzsche: Polyclonal immunoglobulin for treatment of bacterial sepsis: a systematic review. Clin. Infect Dis. 39, 38-46 (2004).
    • (2004) Clin. Infect Dis. , vol.39 , pp. 38-46
    • Pildal, J.1    Gotzsche, P.C.2
  • 231
    • 15344344426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant nutrients: A systematic review of trace elements and vitamins in the critically ill patient
    • Heyland D.K., R. Dhaliwal, U. Suchner, M.M. Berger: Antioxidant nutrients: a systematic review of trace elements and vitamins in the critically ill patient. Intensive Care Med. 31, 327-337 (2005).
    • (2005) Intensive Care Med. , vol.31 , pp. 327-337
    • Heyland, D.K.1    Dhaliwal, R.2    Suchner, U.3    Berger, M.M.4
  • 232
    • 0026068205 scopus 로고
    • Effect of ibuprofen in patients with severe sepsis: A randomized, double-blind, multicenter study
    • The Ibuprofen Study Group
    • Haupt M.T., M.S. Jastremski, T.P. Clemmer, C.A. Metz, G.B. Goris: Effect of ibuprofen in patients with severe sepsis: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study. The Ibuprofen Study Group. Crit. Care Med. 19, 1339-1347 (1991).
    • (1991) Crit. Care Med. , vol.19 , pp. 1339-1347
    • Haupt, M.T.1    Jastremski, M.S.2    Clemmer, T.P.3    Metz, C.A.4    Goris, G.B.5
  • 233
    • 0032944741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ibuprofen on the physiology and survival of hypothermic sepsis
    • Ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Group
    • Arons M.M., A.P. Wheeler, G.R. Bernard et al.: Effects of ibuprofen on the physiology and survival of hypothermic sepsis. Ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Group. Crit. Care Med. 27, 699-707 (1999).
    • (1999) Crit. Care Med. , vol.27 , pp. 699-707
    • Arons, M.M.1    Wheeler, A.P.2    Bernard, G.R.3
  • 234
    • 8044246571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of ibuprofen on the physiology and survival of patients with sepsis
    • The Ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Group
    • Bernard G.R., A.P. Wheeler, J.A. Russell et al.: The effects of ibuprofen on the physiology and survival of patients with sepsis. The Ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 336, 912-918 (1997).
    • (1997) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.336 , pp. 912-918
    • Bernard, G.R.1    Wheeler, A.P.2    Russell, J.A.3
  • 235
    • 0033539018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased mortality associated with growth hormone treatment in critically ill adults
    • Takala J., E. Ruokonen, N.R. Webster et al.: Increased mortality associated with growth hormone treatment in critically ill adults. N. Engl. J. Med. 341, 785-792 (1999).
    • (1999) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.341 , pp. 785-792
    • Takala, J.1    Ruokonen, E.2    Webster, N.R.3
  • 236
    • 0022558411 scopus 로고
    • Prostaglandin E1 and survival in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. A prospective trial
    • Holcroft J.W., M.J. Vassar, C.J. Weber: Prostaglandin E1 and survival in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. A prospective trial. Ann. Surg. 203, 371-378 (1986).
    • (1986) Ann. Surg. , vol.203 , pp. 371-378
    • Holcroft, J.W.1    Vassar, M.J.2    Weber, C.J.3
  • 237
    • 0024333554 scopus 로고
    • Randomized double-blind, multicenter study of prostaglandin E1 in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome
    • Prostaglandin E1 Study Group
    • Bone R.C., G. Slotman, R. Maunder et al.: Randomized double-blind, multicenter study of prostaglandin E1 in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Prostaglandin E1 Study Group. Chest 96, 114-119 (1989).
    • (1989) Chest , vol.96 , pp. 114-119
    • Bone, R.C.1    Slotman, G.2    Maunder, R.3
  • 238
    • 0025062099 scopus 로고
    • Effects of prostaglandin E1 on oxygen delivery and consumption in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Results from the prostaglandin E1 multicenter trial
    • The Prostaglandin E1 Study Group
    • Silverman H.J., G. Slotman, R.C. Bone et al.: Effects of prostaglandin E1 on oxygen delivery and consumption in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Results from the prostaglandin E1 multicenter trial. The Prostaglandin E1 Study Group. Chest 98, 405-410 (1990).
    • (1990) Chest , vol.98 , pp. 405-410
    • Silverman, H.J.1    Slotman, G.2    Bone, R.C.3
  • 239
    • 0032839332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liposomal prostaglandin E1 (TLC C-53) in acute respiratory distress syndrome: A controlled, randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial
    • TLC C-53 ARDS Study Group
    • Abraham E., R. Baughman, E. Fletcher et al.: Liposomal prostaglandin E1 (TLC C-53) in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a controlled, randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial. TLC C-53 ARDS Study Group. Crit. Care Med. 27, 1478-1485 (1999).
    • (1999) Crit. Care Med. , vol.27 , pp. 1478-1485
    • Abraham, E.1    Baughman, R.2    Fletcher, E.3
  • 240
    • 0032888183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pentoxifylline prevents the transition from the hyperdynamic to hypodynamic response during sepsis
    • Yang S., M. Zhou, D.J. Koo, I.H. Chaudry, P. Wang: Pentoxifylline prevents the transition from the hyperdynamic to hypodynamic response during sepsis. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (3 Pt 2), H1036-44 (1999).
    • (1999) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.277 , Issue.3 PART 2
    • Yang, S.1    Zhou, M.2    Koo, D.J.3    Chaudry, I.H.4    Wang, P.5
  • 241
    • 0031962714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of pentoxifylline in severe sepsis: Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • Staubach K.H., J. Schroder, F. Stuber, K. Gehrke, E. Traumann, P. Zabel Effect of pentoxifylline in severe sepsis: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arch. Surg. 133, 94-100 (1998).
    • (1998) Arch. Surg. , vol.133 , pp. 94-100
    • Staubach, K.H.1    Schroder, J.2    Stuber, F.3    Gehrke, K.4    Traumann, E.5    Zabel, P.6
  • 242
    • 0032916980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the immunomodulating agent, pentoxifylline, in the treatment of sepsis in prematurely delivered infants: A placebo-controlled, double-blind trial
    • Lauterbach R., D. Pawlik, D. Kowalczyk, W. Ksycinski, E. Helwich, M. Zembala: Effect of the immunomodulating agent, pentoxifylline, in the treatment of sepsis in prematurely delivered infants: a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Crit. Care Med. 27, 807-814 (1999).
    • (1999) Crit. Care Med. , vol.27 , pp. 807-814
    • Lauterbach, R.1    Pawlik, D.2    Kowalczyk, D.3    Ksycinski, W.4    Helwich, E.5    Zembala, M.6
  • 243
    • 0033048251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-Acetylcysteine treatment to prevent the progression of multisystem organ failure: A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study
    • Molnar Z., E. Shearer, D. Lowe: N-Acetylcysteine treatment to prevent the progression of multisystem organ failure: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Crit. Care Med. 27, 1100-1104 (1999).
    • (1999) Crit. Care Med. , vol.27 , pp. 1100-1104
    • Molnar, Z.1    Shearer, E.2    Lowe, D.3
  • 244
    • 0031891287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of peritoneal leukocyte function by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in rats with abdominal sepsis
    • Zhang P., G.J. Bagby, D.A. Stoltz, W.R. Summer, S. Nelson: Enhancement of peritoneal leukocyte function by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in rats with abdominal sepsis. Crit. Care Med. 26, 315-321 (1998).
    • (1998) Crit. Care Med. , vol.26 , pp. 315-321
    • Zhang, P.1    Bagby, G.J.2    Stoltz, D.A.3    Summer, W.R.4    Nelson, S.5
  • 245
    • 0030004301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor improves survival rate and reduces concentrations of bacteria, endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor, and endothelin-1 in fulminant intra-abdominal sepsis in rats
    • Lundblad R., J.M. Nesland, K.E. Giercksky: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor improves survival rate and reduces concentrations of bacteria, endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor, and endothelin-1 in fulminant intra-abdominal sepsis in rats. Crit. Care Med. 24, 820-826 (1996).
    • (1996) Crit. Care Med. , vol.24 , pp. 820-826
    • Lundblad, R.1    Nesland, J.M.2    Giercksky, K.E.3
  • 246
    • 0032964088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G-CSF during Escherichia coli versus Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in rats has fundamentally different and opposite effects
    • Karzai W., B.U. von Specht, C. Parent et al.: G-CSF during Escherichia coli versus Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in rats has fundamentally different and opposite effects. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 159 (5 Pt 1), 1377-1382 (1999).
    • (1999) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.159 , Issue.5 PART 1 , pp. 1377-1382
    • Karzai, W.1    Von Specht, B.U.2    Parent, C.3
  • 247
    • 7144257846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of prophylactic administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (filgrastim) on the frequency of nosocomial infections in patients with acute traumatic brain injury or cerebral hemorrhage
    • The Filgrastim Study Group
    • Heard S.O., M.P. Fink, R.L. Gamelli et al.: Effect of prophylactic administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (filgrastim) on the frequency of nosocomial infections in patients with acute traumatic brain injury or cerebral hemorrhage. The Filgrastim Study Group. Crit. Care Med. 26, 748-754 (1998).
    • (1998) Crit. Care Med. , vol.26 , pp. 748-754
    • Heard, S.O.1    Fink, M.P.2    Gamelli, R.L.3
  • 248
    • 0037323852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the use of filgrastim in patients hospitalized with pneumonia and severe sepsis
    • Root R.K., R.F. Lodato, W. Patrick et al.: Multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the use of filgrastim in patients hospitalized with pneumonia and severe sepsis. Crit. Care Med. 31, 367-373 (2003).
    • (2003) Crit. Care Med. , vol.31 , pp. 367-373
    • Root, R.K.1    Lodato, R.F.2    Patrick, W.3
  • 249
    • 0032822075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous renal replacement therapy in the intensive care unit
    • Bellomo R., C. Ronco: Continuous renal replacement therapy in the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med. 25, 781-789 (1999).
    • (1999) Intensive Care Med. , vol.25 , pp. 781-789
    • Bellomo, R.1    Ronco, C.2
  • 250
    • 0031901062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome studies of continuous renal replacement therapy in the intensive care unit
    • Silvester W.: Outcome studies of continuous renal replacement therapy in the intensive care unit. Kidney Int. 66 (Suppl.), S138-141 (1998).
    • (1998) Kidney Int. , vol.66 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Silvester, W.1
  • 251
    • 0033144206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemofiltration during cardiopulmonary bypass
    • Journals D.: Hemofiltration during cardiopulmonary bypass. Minerva. Anestesiol. 65, 427-432 (1999).
    • (1999) Minerva. Anestesiol. , vol.65 , pp. 427-432
    • Journals, D.1
  • 252
    • 0032706914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous plasmafiltration in sepsis syndrome
    • Plasmafiltration in Sepsis Study Group
    • Reeves J.H., W.W. Butt, F. Shann et al.: Continuous plasmafiltration in sepsis syndrome. Plasmafiltration in Sepsis Study Group. Crit. Care Med. 27, 2096-2104 (1999).
    • (1999) Crit. Care Med. , vol.27 , pp. 2096-2104
    • Reeves, J.H.1    Butt, W.W.2    Shann, F.3
  • 253
    • 0029564976 scopus 로고
    • Intensive blood and plasma exchange for treatment of coagulopathy in meningococcemia
    • Churchwell K.B., M.L. McManus, P. Kent et al.: Intensive blood and plasma exchange for treatment of coagulopathy in meningococcemia. J. Clin. Apheresis 10, 171-177 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Clin. Apheresis , vol.10 , pp. 171-177
    • Churchwell, K.B.1    McManus, M.L.2    Kent, P.3
  • 254
    • 0020157673 scopus 로고
    • High risk of the critically ill for venous thromboembolism
    • Cade J.F.: High risk of the critically ill for venous thromboembolism. Crit. Care Med. 10, 448-450 (1982).
    • (1982) Crit. Care Med. , vol.10 , pp. 448-450
    • Cade, J.F.1
  • 255
    • 0019866869 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of deep vein thrombosis in medical patients by low-dose heparin
    • Belch J.J., G.D. Lowe, A.C. Ward, C.D. Forbes, C.R. Prentice: Prevention of deep vein thrombosis in medical patients by low-dose heparin. Scott. Med. J. 26, 115-117 (1981).
    • (1981) Scott. Med. J. , vol.26 , pp. 115-117
    • Belch, J.J.1    Lowe, G.D.2    Ward, A.C.3    Forbes, C.D.4    Prentice, C.R.5
  • 256
    • 0033539025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of enoxaparin with placebo for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients
    • Prophylaxis in Medical Patients with Enoxaparin Study Group
    • Samama M.M., A.T. Cohen, J.Y. Darmon et al.: A comparison of enoxaparin with placebo for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients. Prophylaxis in Medical Patients with Enoxaparin Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 341, 793-800 (1999).
    • (1999) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.341 , pp. 793-800
    • Samama, M.M.1    Cohen, A.T.2    Darmon, J.Y.3
  • 257
    • 0034917561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Other supportive therapies in sepsis
    • Pérez J., R.P. Dellinger: Other supportive therapies in sepsis. Intensive Care Med. 27 (Suppl. 1), 8116-127 (2001).
    • (2001) Intensive Care Med. , vol.27 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 8116-8127
    • Pérez, J.1    Dellinger, R.P.2
  • 258
    • 0037220198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utilisation and safety of low molecular weight heparins: Prospective observational study in medical inpatients
    • Cestac P., H. Bagheri, M. Lapeyre-Mestre et al.: Utilisation and safety of low molecular weight heparins: prospective observational study in medical inpatients. Drug Saf. 26, 197-207 (2003).
    • (2003) Drug Saf. , vol.26 , pp. 197-207
    • Cestac, P.1    Bagheri, H.2    Lapeyre-Mestre, M.3
  • 259
    • 2342652226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes in critically ill patients before and after the implementation of an evidence-based nutritional management protocol
    • Barr J., M. Hecht, K.E. Flavin, A. Khorana, M.K. Gould: Outcomes in critically ill patients before and after the implementation of an evidence-based nutritional management protocol. Chest 125, 1446-1457 (2004).
    • (2004) Chest , vol.125 , pp. 1446-1457
    • Barr, J.1    Hecht, M.2    Flavin, K.E.3    Khorana, A.4    Gould, M.K.5
  • 260
    • 1642455902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicentre, cluster-randomized clinical trial of algorithms for critical-care enteral and parenteral therapy (ACCEPT)
    • Martin C.M., G.S. Doig, D.K. Heyland, T. Morrison, W.J. Sibbald: Multicentre, cluster-randomized clinical trial of algorithms for critical-care enteral and parenteral therapy (ACCEPT). Cmaj 170, 197-204 (2004).
    • (2004) Cmaj , vol.170 , pp. 197-204
    • Martin, C.M.1    Doig, G.S.2    Heyland, D.K.3    Morrison, T.4    Sibbald, W.J.5
  • 261
    • 0036230539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early versus late enteral feeding of mechanically ventilated patients: Results of a clinical trial
    • Ibrahim E.H., L. Mehringer, D. Prentice et al.: Early versus late enteral feeding of mechanically ventilated patients: results of a clinical trial. JPEN J. Parenter. Enteral. Nutr. 26, 174-181 (2002).
    • (2002) JPEN J. Parenter. Enteral. Nutr. , vol.26 , pp. 174-181
    • Ibrahim, E.H.1    Mehringer, L.2    Prentice, D.3
  • 262
    • 0033935832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and success in nutrient delivery with gastric versus small intestinal feeding: A randomized clinical trial
    • Kearns P.J., D. Chin, L. Mueller, K. Wallace, W.A. Jensen, C.M. Kirsch: The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and success in nutrient delivery with gastric versus small intestinal feeding: a randomized clinical trial. Crit. Care Med. 28, 1742-1746 (2000).
    • (2000) Crit. Care Med. , vol.28 , pp. 1742-1746
    • Kearns, P.J.1    Chin, D.2    Mueller, L.3    Wallace, K.4    Jensen, W.A.5    Kirsch, C.M.6
  • 263
    • 4944259806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does enteral nutrition compared to parenteral nutrition result in better outcomes in critically ill adult patients? A systematic review of the literature
    • Gramlich L., K. Kichian, J. Pinilla, N.J. Rodych, R. Dhaliwal, D.K. Heyland: Does enteral nutrition compared to parenteral nutrition result in better outcomes in critically ill adult patients? A systematic review of the literature. Nutrition 20, 843-848 (2004).
    • (2004) Nutrition , vol.20 , pp. 843-848
    • Gramlich, L.1    Kichian, K.2    Pinilla, J.3    Rodych, N.J.4    Dhaliwal, R.5    Heyland, D.K.6
  • 264
    • 12944326319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parenteral vs. enteral nutrition in the critically ill patient: A meta-analysis of trials using the intention to treat principle
    • Simpson F., G.S. Doig: Parenteral vs. enteral nutrition in the critically ill patient: a meta-analysis of trials using the intention to treat principle. Intensive Care Med. 31, 12-23 (2005).
    • (2005) Intensive Care Med. , vol.31 , pp. 12-23
    • Simpson, F.1    Doig, G.S.2
  • 265
  • 266
    • 0010006296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of enteral feeding with eicosapentaenoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and antioxidants in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • Enteral Nutrition in ARDS Study Group
    • Gadek J.E., S.J. DeMichele, M.D. Karlstad et al.: Effect of enteral feeding with eicosapentaenoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and antioxidants in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Enteral Nutrition in ARDS Study Group. Crit. Care Med. 27, 1409-1420 (1999).
    • (1999) Crit. Care Med. , vol.27 , pp. 1409-1420
    • Gadek, J.E.1    Demichele, S.J.2    Karlstad, M.D.3
  • 267
    • 0034068769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An immune-enhancing enteral diet reduces mortality rate and episodes of bacteremia in septic intensive care unit patients
    • Galban C., J.C. Montejo, A. Mesejo et al.: An immune-enhancing enteral diet reduces mortality rate and episodes of bacteremia in septic intensive care unit patients. Crit. Care Med. 28, 643-648 (2000).
    • (2000) Crit. Care Med. , vol.28 , pp. 643-648
    • Galban, C.1    Montejo, J.C.2    Mesejo, A.3
  • 268
    • 0037617435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early enteral immunonutrition in patients with severe sepsis: Results of an interim analysis of a randomized multicentre clinical trial
    • Bertolini G., G. Iapichino, D. Radrizzani et al.: Early enteral immunonutrition in patients with severe sepsis: results of an interim analysis of a randomized multicentre clinical trial. Intensive Care Med. 29, 834-840 (2003).
    • (2003) Intensive Care Med. , vol.29 , pp. 834-840
    • Bertolini, G.1    Iapichino, G.2    Radrizzani, D.3
  • 269
    • 0028935349 scopus 로고
    • Early enteral administration of a formula (Impact) supplemented with arginine, nucleotides, and fish oil in intensive care unit patients: Results of a multicenter, prospective, randomized, clinical trial
    • Bower R.H., F.B. Cerra, B. Bershadsky et al.: Early enteral administration of a formula (Impact) supplemented with arginine, nucleotides, and fish oil in intensive care unit patients: results of a multicenter, prospective, randomized, clinical trial. Crit. Care Med. 23, 436-449 (1995).
    • (1995) Crit. Care Med. , vol.23 , pp. 436-449
    • Bower, R.H.1    Cerra, F.B.2    Bershadsky, B.3
  • 271
    • 0030744173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective, randomized trial of intravenous fat emulsion administration in trauma victims requiring total parenteral nutrition
    • discussion 8-60
    • Battistella F.D., J.T. Widergren, J.T. Anderson, J.K. Siepler, J.C. Weber, K. MacColl: A prospective, randomized trial of intravenous fat emulsion administration in trauma victims requiring total parenteral nutrition. J. Trauma 43, 52-58 (discussion 8-60) (1997).
    • (1997) J. Trauma , vol.43 , pp. 52-58
    • Battistella, F.D.1    Widergren, J.T.2    Anderson, J.T.3    Siepler, J.K.4    Weber, J.C.5    MacColl, K.6
  • 272
    • 0036743765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parenteral L-alanyl-L-glutamine improves 6-month outcome in critically ill patients
    • Goeters C., A. Wenn, N. Mertes et al.: Parenteral L-alanyl-L-glutamine improves 6-month outcome in critically ill patients. Crit. Care Med. 30, 2032-2037 (2002).
    • (2002) Crit. Care Med. , vol.30 , pp. 2032-2037
    • Goeters, C.1    Wenn, A.2    Mertes, N.3
  • 273
    • 0036294978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection, multiple organ failure, and survival in the intensive care unit: Influence of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition on acquired infection
    • Griffiths R.D., K.D. Allen, F.J. Andrews, C. Jones: Infection, multiple organ failure, and survival in the intensive care unit: influence of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition on acquired infection. Nutrition 18, 546-552 (2002).
    • (2002) Nutrition , vol.18 , pp. 546-552
    • Griffiths, R.D.1    Allen, K.D.2    Andrews, F.J.3    Jones, C.4
  • 274
    • 0030904577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Six-month outcome of critically ill patients given glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition
    • Griffiths R.D., C. Jones, T.E. Palmer: Six-month outcome of critically ill patients given glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition. Nutrition 13, 295-302 (1997).
    • (1997) Nutrition , vol.13 , pp. 295-302
    • Griffiths, R.D.1    Jones, C.2    Palmer, T.E.3
  • 275
    • 0032966191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double blind, randomised, controlled trial of glutamine supplementation in parenteral nutrition
    • Powell-Tuck J., C.P. Jamieson, G.E. Bettany et al.: A double blind, randomised, controlled trial of glutamine supplementation in parenteral nutrition. Gut 45, 82-88 (1999).
    • (1999) Gut , vol.45 , pp. 82-88
    • Powell-Tuck, J.1    Jamieson, C.P.2    Bettany, G.E.3
  • 276
    • 0027317934 scopus 로고
    • Total parenteral nutrition with glutamine in bone marrow transplantation and other clinical applications (a randomized, double-blind study)
    • Schloerb P.R., M. Amare: Total parenteral nutrition with glutamine in bone marrow transplantation and other clinical applications (a randomized, double-blind study). JPEN J. Parenter. Enteral. Nutr. 17, 407-413 (1993).
    • (1993) JPEN J. Parenter. Enteral. Nutr. , vol.17 , pp. 407-413
    • Schloerb, P.R.1    Amare, M.2
  • 277
    • 0035168102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamine administration reduces gram-negative bacteremia in severely burned patients: A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial versus isonitrogenous control
    • Wischmeyer P.E., J. Lynch, J. Liedel et al.: Glutamine administration reduces gram-negative bacteremia in severely burned patients: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial versus isonitrogenous control. Crit. Care Med. 29, 2075-2080 (2001).
    • (2001) Crit. Care Med. , vol.29 , pp. 2075-2080
    • Wischmeyer, P.E.1    Lynch, J.2    Liedel, J.3
  • 278
    • 0027102761 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and metabolic efficacy of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition after bone marrow transplantation. A randomized, double-blind, controlled study
    • Ziegler T.R., L.S. Young, K. Benfell et al.: Clinical and metabolic efficacy of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition after bone marrow transplantation. A randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Ann. Intern. Med. 116, 821-828 (1992).
    • (1992) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.116 , pp. 821-828
    • Ziegler, T.R.1    Young, L.S.2    Benfell, K.3
  • 279
    • 0042279261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients
    • Heyland D.K., R. Dhaliwal, J.W. Drover, L. Gramlich, P. Dodek: Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients. JPEN J. Parenter. Enteral. Nutr. 27, 355-373 (2003).
    • (2003) JPEN J. Parenter. Enteral. Nutr. , vol.27 , pp. 355-373
    • Heyland, D.K.1    Dhaliwal, R.2    Drover, J.W.3    Gramlich, L.4    Dodek, P.5
  • 280
    • 0022186272 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of antacid and sucralfate in the prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients who are critically ill
    • Borrero E., S. Bank, J. Margolis, N.D. Schulman, R. Chardavoyne: Comparison of antacid and sucralfate in the prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients who are critically ill. Am. J. Med. 79, 62-64 (1985).
    • (1985) Am. J. Med. , vol.79 , pp. 62-64
    • Borrero, E.1    Bank, S.2    Margolis, J.3    Schulman, N.D.4    Chardavoyne, R.5
  • 281
    • 0023624979 scopus 로고
    • Sucralfate suspension versus titrated antacid for the prevention of acute stress-related gastrointestinal hemorrhage in critically ill patients
    • Bresalier R.S., J.H. Grendell, J.P. Cello, A.A. Meyer: Sucralfate suspension versus titrated antacid for the prevention of acute stress-related gastrointestinal hemorrhage in critically ill patients. Am. J. Med. 83, 110-116 (1987).
    • (1987) Am. J. Med. , vol.83 , pp. 110-116
    • Bresalier, R.S.1    Grendell, J.H.2    Cello, J.P.3    Meyer, A.A.4
  • 282
    • 6844236394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of sucralfate and ranitidine for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients requiring mechanical ventilation
    • Canadian Critical Care Trials Group
    • Cook D., G. Guyatt, J. Marshall et al.: A comparison of sucralfate and ranitidine for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 338, 791-797 (1998).
    • (1998) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.338 , pp. 791-797
    • Cook, D.1    Guyatt, G.2    Marshall, J.3
  • 283
    • 0018954740 scopus 로고
    • Randomized prospective evaluation of cimetidine and antacid control of gastric pH in the critically ill
    • Stothert J.C. Jr., A.A. Simonowitz, E.P. Dellinger et al.: Randomized prospective evaluation of cimetidine and antacid control of gastric pH in the critically ill. Ann. Surg. 192, 169-174 (1980).
    • (1980) Ann. Surg. , vol.192 , pp. 169-174
    • Stothert Jr., J.C.1    Simonowitz, A.A.2    Dellinger, E.P.3
  • 284
    • 0035659803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of enteral nutrition for stress ulcer prophylaxis
    • MacLaren R., C.L. Jarvis, D.N. Fish: Use of enteral nutrition for stress ulcer prophylaxis. Ann. Pharmacother. 35, 1614-1623 (2001).
    • (2001) Ann. Pharmacother. , vol.35 , pp. 1614-1623
    • MacLaren, R.1    Jarvis, C.L.2    Fish, D.N.3
  • 285
    • 0025265865 scopus 로고
    • Bicarbonate does not improve hemodynamics in critically ill patients who have lactic acidosis. A prospective, controlled clinical study
    • Cooper D.J., K.R. Walley, B.R. Wiggs, J.A. Russell: Bicarbonate does not improve hemodynamics in critically ill patients who have lactic acidosis. A prospective, controlled clinical study. Ann. Intern. Med. 112, 492-498 (1990).
    • (1990) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.112 , pp. 492-498
    • Cooper, D.J.1    Walley, K.R.2    Wiggs, B.R.3    Russell, J.A.4
  • 286
    • 0025934559 scopus 로고
    • Effects of bicarbonate therapy on hemodynamics and tissue oxygenation in patients with lactic acidosis: A prospective, controlled clinical study
    • Mathieu D., R. Neviere, V. Billard, M. Fleyfel, F. Wattel: Effects of bicarbonate therapy on hemodynamics and tissue oxygenation in patients with lactic acidosis: a prospective, controlled clinical study. Crit. Care Med. 19, 1352-1356 (1991).
    • (1991) Crit. Care Med. , vol.19 , pp. 1352-1356
    • Mathieu, D.1    Neviere, R.2    Billard, V.3    Fleyfel, M.4    Wattel, F.5
  • 287
    • 0036163511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous versus intermittent renal replacement therapy: A meta-analysis
    • Kettum J.A., D.C. Angus, J.P. Johnson et al.: Continuous versus intermittent renal replacement therapy: a meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med. 28, 29-37 (2002).
    • (2002) Intensive Care Med. , vol.28 , pp. 29-37
    • Kettum, J.A.1    Angus, D.C.2    Johnson, J.P.3
  • 288
    • 0035720102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized clinical trial of continuous versus intermittent dialysis for acute renal failure
    • Mehta R.L., B. McDonald, F.B. Gabbai et al.: A randomized clinical trial of continuous versus intermittent dialysis for acute renal failure. Kidney Int. 60, 1154-1163 (2001).
    • (2001) Kidney Int. , vol.60 , pp. 1154-1163
    • Mehta, R.L.1    McDonald, B.2    Gabbai, F.B.3
  • 289
    • 0343360868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care
    • Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care Investigators, Canadian Critical Care Trials Group
    • Hébert P.C., G. Wells, M.A. Blajchman et al.: A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care Investigators, Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 340, 409-417 (1999).
    • (1999) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.340 , pp. 409-417
    • Hébert, P.C.1    Wells, G.2    Blajchman, M.A.3
  • 290
    • 0027210589 scopus 로고
    • Effect of stored-blood transfusion on oxygen delivery in patients with sepsis
    • Marik P.E., W.J. Sibbald: Effect of stored-blood transfusion on oxygen delivery in patients with sepsis. Journal of the American Medical Association 269, 3024-3029 (1993).
    • (1993) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.269 , pp. 3024-3029
    • Marik, P.E.1    Sibbald, W.J.2
  • 292
    • 0032760409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin in the critically ill patient: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Corwin H.L., A. Gettinger, R.M. Rodriguez et al.: Efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin in the critically ill patient: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Crit. Care Med. 27, 2346-2350 (1999).
    • (1999) Crit. Care Med. , vol.27 , pp. 2346-2350
    • Corwin, H.L.1    Gettinger, A.2    Rodriguez, R.M.3
  • 293
    • 0037065340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin in critically ill patients: A randomized controlled trial
    • Corwin H.L., A. Gettinger, R.G. Pearl et al.: Efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin in critically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 288, 2827-2835 (2002).
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 2827-2835
    • Corwin, H.L.1    Gettinger, A.2    Pearl, R.G.3
  • 295
    • 0034682246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily interruption of sedative infusions in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation
    • Kress J.P., A.S. Pohlman, M.F. O'Connor, J.B. Hall: Daily interruption of sedative infusions in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. N. Engl. J. Med. 342, 1471-1477 (2000).
    • (2000) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.342 , pp. 1471-1477
    • Kress, J.P.1    Pohlman, A.S.2    O'Connor, M.F.3    Hall, J.B.4
  • 297
    • 0025136268 scopus 로고
    • Prolonged neuromuscular blockade after long-term infusion of vecuronium bromide in the intensive care unit
    • Partridge B.L., J.H. Abrams, C. Bazemore, R. Rubin: Prolonged neuromuscular blockade after long-term infusion of vecuronium bromide in the intensive care unit. Crit. Care Med. 18, 1177-1179 (1990).
    • (1990) Crit. Care Med. , vol.18 , pp. 1177-1179
    • Partridge, B.L.1    Abrams, J.H.2    Bazemore, C.3    Rubin, R.4
  • 299
    • 0028273402 scopus 로고
    • Prolonged weakness after infusion of atracurium in two intensive care unit patients
    • Meyer K.C., A.C. Prielipp, J.E. Grossman, D.B. Coursin: Prolonged weakness after infusion of atracurium in two intensive care unit patients. Anesth. Analg. 78, 772-774 (1994).
    • (1994) Anesth. Analg. , vol.78 , pp. 772-774
    • Meyer, K.C.1    Prielipp, A.C.2    Grossman, J.E.3    Coursin, D.B.4
  • 300
    • 85041136929 scopus 로고
    • Prolonged weakness after the withdrawal of atracurium
    • Manthous C.A., W. Chatila: Prolonged weakness after the withdrawal of atracurium. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 150 (5 Pt 1), 1441-1443 (1994).
    • (1994) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.150 , Issue.5 PART 1 , pp. 1441-1443
    • Manthous, C.A.1    Chatila, W.2
  • 301
    • 0029073987 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the infusion requirements and recovery profiles of vecuronium and cisatracurium 51W89 in intensive care unit patients
    • Prielipp R.C., D.B. Coursin, P.E. Scuderi et al.: Comparison of the infusion requirements and recovery profiles of vecuronium and cisatracurium 51W89 in intensive care unit patients. Anesth. Analg. 81, 3-12 (1995).
    • (1995) Anesth. Analg. , vol.81 , pp. 3-12
    • Prielipp, R.C.1    Coursin, D.B.2    Scuderi, P.E.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.