Impact of adequate empirical antibiotic therapy on the outcome of patients admitted to the intensive care unit with sepsis

Critical Care Medicine

Volumn 31, Issue 12, 2003, Pages 2742-2751

  Garnacho Montero, Jose ^a   Garcia Garmendia, Jose Luis ^b   Barrero Almodovar, Ana ^a   Jimenez Jimenez, Francisco J ^a   Perez Paredes, Carmen ^b   Ortiz Leyba, Carlos ^a  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO VIRGEN DEL ROCÍO   (Spain)

^b HOSPITAL SAN JUAN DE DIOS DEL ALJARAFE   (Spain)

Author keywords

Antibiotics; Bacteremia; Community acquired infection; Critical illness; Sepsis; Septic shock

Indexed keywords

AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AMOXICILLIN PLUS CLAVULANIC ACID; AMPICILLIN; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; CEFEPIME; CEFTAZIDIME; CEFTRIAXONE; CILASTATIN PLUS IMIPENEM; MACROLIDE; PIPERACILLIN PLUS TAZOBACTAM; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; VANCOMYCIN;

ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; BLOOD CULTURE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; HEART FAILURE; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; INTENSIVE CARE; KIDNEY FAILURE; LENGTH OF STAY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL DOCUMENTATION; MORTALITY; MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; MYCOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RESPIRATORY FAILURE; RISK FACTOR; SCORING SYSTEM; SEPSIS; SEPTIC SHOCK; SURVIVAL RATE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

AGED; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; APACHE; COMORBIDITY; CONFOUNDING FACTORS (EPIDEMIOLOGY); EMPIRICAL RESEARCH; EMPIRICISM; FEMALE; HOSPITAL MORTALITY; HUMANS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PATIENT SELECTION; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PROGNOSIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SEPSIS; SPAIN; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0347122086     PISSN: 00903493     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000098031.24329.10     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Lidicker L, et al: Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: Analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care. Crit Care Med 2001; 29:1303-1310
2. Fisher CJ, Opal SM, Dhainaut JF, et al: Influence of an anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody on cytokine levels in patients with sepsis. Crit Care Med 1993; 21:318-327
3. Bone RC, Balk RA, Fein AM, et al: A second large controlled clinical study of E5, a monoclonal antibody to endotoxin: Results of a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Crit Care Med 1995; 23: 994-1006
4. Fischer CJ, Agosti JM, Opal SM, et al: Treatment of septic shock with tumor necrosis factor receptor: Fc fusion protein. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:1697-1702
5. Bernard GR, Vincent JL, Laterre PF, et al: Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:699-709
6. Alberti C, Brun-Buisson C, Burchardi H, et al: Epidemiology of sepsis and infection in ICU patients from an international multicenter cohort study. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28:108-121
7. American College of Chest Physicians/ Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Committee. Definition for sepsis and organ failures and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Chest 1992; 101: 1644-1655
8. Rello J, Ricart M, Mirelis B, et al: Nosocomial bacteremia in a medical-surgical intensive care unit: Epidemiologic characteristics and factors influencing mortality in 111 episodes. Intensive Care Med 1994; 20:94-98
9. Brun Buisson C, Doyon F, Carlet J, et al: Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of severe sepsis and septic shock in adults. JAMA 1995; 274:968-974
10. Lundberg JS, Perl TM, Wiblin T, et al: Septic shock: An analysis of the outcomes for patients with onset on hospital wards versus intensive care units. Crit Care Med 1998; 26:1020-1024
11. Cisneros JM, Reyes MJ, Pachón J, et al: Bacteremia due to Acinetobacter baumannii: Epidemiology, clinical findings and prognostic features. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 22: 1026-1032
12. Gatell JM, Trilla A, Latorre X, et al: Nosocomial bacteremia in a large Spanish teaching hospital: Analysis of factor influencing prognosis. Rev Infect Dis 1988; 10:203-210
13. Pedersen G, Schtnheyder HC, Strensen HT: Antibiotic therapy and outcome of monomicrobial Gram-negative bacteremia: A 3-year population-based study. Scand J Infect Dis 1997; 29:601-606
14. Pittet D, Thiévent B, Wenzel RP, et al: Importance of pre-existing co-morbidities for prognosis of septicemia in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 1993; 19:265-272
15. Jiménez MF, Marshall JC: Source control in the management of sepsis. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27:S49-S62
16. Gross PA, Barret TL, Dellinger EP, et al: Quality standard for treatment of bacteremia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1994; 15:189-192
17. British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Working Party. Management of deep Candida infection in surgical and intensive care unit patients. Intensive Care Med 1994; 20:522-528
18. Rello J, Paiva JA, Baraibar J, et al: International conference for the development of consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of ventilator- associated pneumonia. Chest 2001; 120:955-970
19. Olaechea PM, Quintana JM, Gallardo MS, et al A predictive model for the treatment approach to community-acquired pneumonia in patients needing ICU admission. Intensive Care Med 1996; 22:1294-1300
20. Maki DG, Weise CE, Sarafin HW: A semi-quantitative culture method for identifying intravenous catheter related infection. N Engl J Med 1977; 296:1305-1309
21. Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, et al: APACHE II, a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med 1985; 13:818-829
22. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility: Approved Standard. Sixth Edition. Wayne, PA, National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 1997
23. Vincent JL, Moreno R, Takala J, et al: The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. Intensive Care Med 1996; 22:707-710
24. Vincent JL, Mendonça A, Cantraine F, et al: Use of the SOFA score to assess the incidence of organ dysfunction/failure in intensive care units: Results of a multicenter, prospective study. Crit Care Med 1998; 26:1793-1800
25. Hosmer DW, Lemeshow SA: Applied Logistic Regression. New York, Wiley, 1989
26. Mosdell DM, Morris DM, Voltura A, et al: Antibiotic treatment for surgical peritonitis. Ann Surg 1991; 214:543-549
27. Georges H, Leroy O, Vandenbussche C, et al: Epidemiological features and prognosis of severe community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 1999; 25: 143-145
28. Rello J, Gallego M, Mariscal D, et al: The impact of routine microbial investigation in ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Respit Crit Care Med 1997; 156:196-200
29. Valles J, León C, Alvárez-Lerma F: Nosocomial bacteremia in critically ill patients: A multicenter study evaluating epidemiology and prognosis. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24: 387-395
30. Uzun O, Akalin HE, Hayran M, et al: Factors influencing prognosis in bacteremia due to Gram-negative organisms: Evaluation of 448 episodes in a Turkish university hospital. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 15:866-873
31. Kollef MH, Sherman G, Ward S, et al: Inadequate antimicrobial treatment of infections: A risk factor for hospital mortality among critically ill patients. Chest 1999; 115: 462-474
32. Ibrahim EH, Sherman G, Ward S, et al: The influence of inadequate antimicrobial treatment of bloodstream infections on patient outcome in the ICU setting. Chest 2000; 118: 146-155
33. Brun-Buisson C, Doyon F, Carlet J: Bacteremia and severe sepsis in adults: A multicenter prospective survey in ICUs and wards of 24 hospitals. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154:617-624
34. Eachempati SR, Hydo L, Barie PS: Gender-based differences in outcome in patients with sepsis. Arch Surg 1999; 134:1342-1347
35. Quartin AA, Schein RMH, Kett DH, et al: Magnitude and duration of the effect of sepsis on survival. JAMA 1997; 277:1058-1063
36. Cohen J, Abraham E: Microbiologic findings and correlations with serum tumor necrosis factor-α in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. J Infect Dis 1999; 180:116-121
37. Miller PJ, Wenzel RP: Etiologic organisms as independent predictors of death in nosocomial bloodstream infection. J Infect Dis 1987; 156:471-477
38. Pittet D, Li N, Wenzel RP: Association of secondary and polymicrobial nosocomial infection with higher mortality. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1993; 12:813-819
39. Rello J, Quintana E, Mirelis B, et al: Polymicrobial bacteremia in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 1993; 19:22-25
40. Reyes WJ, Brimioulle S, Vincent JL: Septic shock without documented infection: An uncommon entity with a high mortality. Intensive Care Med 1999; 25:1267-1270
41. Pittet D, Thiévent B, Wenzel RP, et al: Bedside prediction of mortality from bacteremic sepsis. A dynamic analysis of ICU patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153: 684-693
42. Herbert PC, Drummond AJ, Singer J, et al: A simple multiple system organ failure scoring system predicts mortality of patients who have sepsis syndrome. Chest 1993; 104: 230-235
43. Oda S, Hirasawa H, Sugai T, et al: Comparison of Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and CIS (cellular injury score) for scoring of severity for patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Intensive Care Med 2000; 26: 1786-1793
44. Rivers E, Nguyen B, Havstad S, et al: Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:1368-1377
45. Aronin SI, Peduzzi P, Quagliarello VJ: Community-acquired bacterial meningitis: Risk stratification for adverse clinical outcome and effect of antibiotic timing. Ann Intern Med 1998; 129:862-869
46. Rello J, Catalan M, Díaz E, et al: Association between empirical antimicrobial therapy at the hospital and the mortality in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28: 1030-1035