메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 59, Issue 12, 2005, Pages 1347-1361

Antioxidants and polyunsaturated fatty acids in multiple sclerosis

Author keywords

Antioxidants; Demyelination; Dietary supplementation; Multiple sclerosis; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Remyelination

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ALPHA TOCOTRIENOL; ANTIOXIDANT; APIGENIN; ASCORBIC ACID; BETA CAROTENE; CATALASE; CURCUMIN; DOCOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; FLAVONOID; GLUTATHIONE; GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; INDOMETACIN; KAEMPFEROL; MEVINOLIN; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; OMEGA 6 FATTY ACID; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID; QUERCETIN; REACTIVE NITROGEN SPECIES; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; SATURATED FATTY ACID; SIMVASTATIN; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; THIOCTIC ACID; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 31344438968     PISSN: 09543007     EISSN: 14765640     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602255     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (87)

References (189)
  • 3
    • 1642281535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis: Pathology of the newly forming lesion
    • Barnett MH & Prineas JW (2004): Relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis: Pathology of the newly forming lesion. Ann. Neurol. 55, 458-468.
    • (2004) Ann. Neurol. , vol.55 , pp. 458-468
    • Barnett, M.H.1    Prineas, J.W.2
  • 5
    • 0038412627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipoprotein oxidation, plasma total antioxidant capacity and homocysteine level in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Besler HT & Comoglu S (2003): Lipoprotein oxidation, plasma total antioxidant capacity and homocysteine level in patients with multiple sclerosis. Nutr. Neurosci. 6, 189-196.
    • (2003) Nutr. Neurosci. , vol.6 , pp. 189-196
    • Besler, H.T.1    Comoglu, S.2
  • 6
    • 0036014862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum levels of antioxidant vitamins and lipid peroxidation in multiple sclerosis
    • Besler HT, Comoglu S & Okcu Z (2002): Serum levels of antioxidant vitamins and lipid peroxidation in multiple sclerosis. Nutr. Neurosci. 5, 215-220.
    • (2002) Nutr. Neurosci. , vol.5 , pp. 215-220
    • Besler, H.T.1    Comoglu, S.2    Okcu, Z.3
  • 7
    • 0038233014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide-mediated mitochondrial damage in the brain: Mechanisms and implications for neurodegenerative diseases
    • Bolanos JP, Almeida A, Stewart V, Peuchen S, Land JM, Clark JB & Heales SJ (1997): Nitric oxide-mediated mitochondrial damage in the brain: mechanisms and implications for neurodegenerative diseases. J. Neurochem. 68, 2227-2240.
    • (1997) J. Neurochem. , vol.68 , pp. 2227-2240
    • Bolanos, J.P.1    Almeida, A.2    Stewart, V.3    Peuchen, S.4    Land, J.M.5    Clark, J.B.6    Heales, S.J.7
  • 8
    • 0027302430 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between excitotoxicity and oxidative stress in the central nervous system
    • Bondy SC & LeBel CP (1993): The relationship between excitotoxicity and oxidative stress in the central nervous system. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 14, 633-642.
    • (1993) Free Radic. Biol. Med. , vol.14 , pp. 633-642
    • Bondy, S.C.1    LeBel, C.P.2
  • 9
    • 0034063784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High dietary 18:3n-3 increases the 18:3n-3 but not the 22:6n-3 content in the whole body, brain, skin, epididymal fat pads, and muscles of suckling rat pups
    • Bowen RA & Clandinin MT (2000): High dietary 18:3n-3 increases the 18:3N-3 but noN the 22:6n-3 content in the whole body, brain, skin, epididymal fat pads, and muscles of suckling rat pups. Lipids 35, 389-394.
    • (2000) Lipids , vol.35 , pp. 389-394
    • Bowen, R.A.1    Clandinin, M.T.2
  • 10
    • 0035150219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid constituents in oligodendroglial cells alter susceptibility to H2O2-induced apoptotic cell death via ERK activation
    • Brand A, Gil S, Seger R & Yavin E (2001): Lipid constituents in oligodendroglial cells alter susceptibility to H2O2-induced apoptotic cell death via ERK activation. J. Neurochem. 76, 910-918.
    • (2001) J. Neurochem. , vol.76 , pp. 910-918
    • Brand, A.1    Gil, S.2    Seger, R.3    Yavin, E.4
  • 12
    • 0037110706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide synthase is present in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with active multiple sclerosis and is associated with increases in cerebrospinal fluid protein nitrotyrosine and S-nitrosothiols and with changes in glutathione levels
    • Calabrese V, Scapagnini G, Ravagna A, Bella R, Foresti R, Bates TE, Giuffrida Stella AM & Pennisi G (2002): Nitric oxide synthase is present in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with active multiple sclerosis and is associated with increases in cerebrospinal fluid protein nitrotyrosine and S-nitrosothiols and with changes in glutathione levels. J. Neurosci. Res. 70, 580-587.
    • (2002) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.70 , pp. 580-587
    • Calabrese, V.1    Scapagnini, G.2    Ravagna, A.3    Bella, R.4    Foresti, R.5    Bates, T.E.6    Giuffrida Stella, A.M.7    Pennisi, G.8
  • 13
    • 0037201094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protection of cultured oligodendrocytes against tumor necrosis factor-alpha by the antioxidants coenzyme Q(10) and N-acetyl cysteine
    • Cammer W (2002): Protection of cultured oligodendrocytes against tumor necrosis factor-alpha by the antioxidants coenzyme Q(10) and N-acetyl cysteine. Brain Res. Bull. 58, 587-592.
    • (2002) Brain Res. Bull. , vol.58 , pp. 587-592
    • Cammer, W.1
  • 15
    • 0018338513 scopus 로고
    • Biosynthesis of lipoic acid via unsaturated fatty acids
    • Carreau JP (1979): Biosynthesis of lipoic acid via unsaturated fatty acids. Methods Enzymol. 62, 152-158.
    • (1979) Methods Enzymol. , vol.62 , pp. 152-158
    • Carreau, J.P.1
  • 16
    • 0021355992 scopus 로고
    • Sialic acid and fatty acid concentrations in lymphocytes, red blood cells and plasma from patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Cherayil GD (1984): Sialic acid and fatty acid concentrations in lymphocytes, red blood cells and plasma from patients with multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Sci. 63, 1-10.
    • (1984) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.63 , pp. 1-10
    • Cherayil, G.D.1
  • 17
    • 2842570563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppressive effects of genistein on oxidative stress and NFkappaB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages
    • Choi C, Cho H, Park J, Cho C & Song Y (2003): Suppressive effects of genistein on oxidative stress and NFkappaB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 67, 1916-1922.
    • (2003) Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. , vol.67 , pp. 1916-1922
    • Choi, C.1    Cho, H.2    Park, J.3    Cho, C.4    Song, Y.5
  • 20
    • 0028650399 scopus 로고
    • Enzymatic/nonenzymatic sources of oxyradicals and regulation of antioxidant defenses
    • Cohen G (1994): Enzymatic/nonenzymatic sources of oxyradicals and regulation of antioxidant defenses. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 738, 8-14.
    • (1994) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.738 , pp. 8-14
    • Cohen, G.1
  • 21
    • 0031973638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of turmeric, turmerin and curcumin on H2O2-induced renal epithelial (LLC-PK1) cell injury
    • Cohly HH, Taylor A, Angel MF & Salahudeen AK (1998): Effect of turmeric, turmerin and curcumin on H2O2-induced renal epithelial (LLC-PK1) cell injury. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 24, 49-54.
    • (1998) Free Radic. Biol. Med. , vol.24 , pp. 49-54
    • Cohly, H.H.1    Taylor, A.2    Angel, M.F.3    Salahudeen, A.K.4
  • 22
    • 0029681790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytotoxicity and cytoprotective activities of natural compounds. The case of curcumin
    • Commandeur JN & Vermeulen NP (1996): Cytotoxicity and cytoprotective activities of natural compounds. The case of curcumin. Xenobiotica 26, 667-680.
    • (1996) Xenobiotica , vol.26 , pp. 667-680
    • Commandeur, J.N.1    Vermeulen, N.P.2
  • 24
    • 0028360840 scopus 로고
    • Aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in SJL mice
    • Cross AH, Misko TP, Lin RF, Hickey WF, Trotter JL & Tilton RG (1994): Aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in SJL mice. J. Clin. Invest. 93, 2684-2690.
    • (1994) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.93 , pp. 2684-2690
    • Cross, A.H.1    Misko, T.P.2    Lin, R.F.3    Hickey, W.F.4    Trotter, J.L.5    Tilton, R.G.6
  • 25
    • 0031457801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the production of peroxynitrite in inflammatory CNS demyelination
    • Cross AH, Manning PT, Stern MK & Misko TP (1997): Evidence for the production of peroxynitrite in inflammatory CNS demyelination. J. Neuroimmunol. 80, 121-130.
    • (1997) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.80 , pp. 121-130
    • Cross, A.H.1    Manning, P.T.2    Stern, M.K.3    Misko, T.P.4
  • 26
    • 0024423956 scopus 로고
    • Essential fatty acid and lipid profiles in plasma and erythrocytes in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Cunnane SC, Ho SY, Dore-Duffy P, Ells KR & Horrobin DF (1989): Essential fatty acid and lipid profiles in plasma and erythrocytes in patients with multiple sclerosis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 50, 801-806.
    • (1989) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.50 , pp. 801-806
    • Cunnane, S.C.1    Ho, S.Y.2    Dore-Duffy, P.3    Ells, K.R.4    Horrobin, D.F.5
  • 28
    • 0035807932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue distribution and neuroprotective effects of citrus flavonoid tangeretin in a rat model of Parkinson's disease
    • Datla KP, Christidou M, Widmer WW, Rooprai HK & Dexter DT (2001): Tissue distribution and neuroprotective effects of citrus flavonoid tangeretin in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroreport 12, 3871-3875.
    • (2001) Neuroreport , vol.12 , pp. 3871-3875
    • Datla, K.P.1    Christidou, M.2    Widmer, W.W.3    Rooprai, H.K.4    Dexter, D.T.5
  • 30
    • 0033655899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiol-based antioxidants
    • Deneke SM (2000): Thiol-based antioxidants. Curr. Top. Cell Regul. 36, 151-180.
    • (2000) Curr. Top. Cell Regul. , vol.36 , pp. 151-180
    • Deneke, S.M.1
  • 31
    • 0026504882 scopus 로고
    • Postnatal dietary fat influences mRNAS involved in myelination
    • DeWille JW & Farmer SJ (1992): Postnatal dietary fat influences mRNAS involved in myelination. Dev. Neurosci. 14, 61-68.
    • (1992) Dev. Neurosci. , vol.14 , pp. 61-68
    • DeWille, J.W.1    Farmer, S.J.2
  • 32
    • 0030633930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exogenous lipids in myelination and demyelination
    • Di Biase A & Salvati S (1997): Exogenous lipids in myelination and demyelination. Kaohsiung J. Med. Sci. 13, 19-29.
    • (1997) Kaohsiung J. Med. Sci. , vol.13 , pp. 19-29
    • Di Biase, A.1    Salvati, S.2
  • 34
    • 0021160668 scopus 로고
    • Linoleic acid and multiple sclerosis: A reanalysis of three double-blind trials
    • Dworkin RH, Bates D, Millar JH & Paty DW (1984): Linoleic acid and multiple sclerosis: A reanalysis of three double-blind trials. Neurology 34, 1441-1445.
    • (1984) Neurology , vol.34 , pp. 1441-1445
    • Dworkin, R.H.1    Bates, D.2    Millar, J.H.3    Paty, D.W.4
  • 35
    • 0032785268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ferula asa-foetida and Curcuma longa in traditional medical treatment and diet in Nepal
    • Eigner D & Scholz D (1999): Ferula asa-foetida and Curcuma longa in traditional medical treatment and diet in Nepal. J. Ethnopharmacol. 67, 1-6.
    • (1999) J. Ethnopharmacol. , vol.67 , pp. 1-6
    • Eigner, D.1    Scholz, D.2
  • 36
  • 37
    • 0346848905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidants effectively prevent oxidation-induced protein damage in OLN 93 cells
    • Ernst A, Stolzing A, Sandig G & Grune T (2004): Antioxidants effectively prevent oxidation-induced protein damage in OLN 93 cells. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 421, 54-60.
    • (2004) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.421 , pp. 54-60
    • Ernst, A.1    Stolzing, A.2    Sandig, G.3    Grune, T.4
  • 38
    • 0029144812 scopus 로고
    • Nutrition, latitude, and multiple sclerosis mortality: An ecologic study
    • Esparza ML, Sasaki S & Kesteloot H (1995): Nutrition, latitude, and multiple sclerosis mortality: An ecologic study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 142, 733-737.
    • (1995) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.142 , pp. 733-737
    • Esparza, M.L.1    Sasaki, S.2    Kesteloot, H.3
  • 39
    • 0027265381 scopus 로고
    • Free radicals in brain metabolism and pathology
    • Evans PH (1993): Free radicals in brain metabolism and pathology. Br. Med. Bull. 49, 577-587.
    • (1993) Br. Med. Bull. , vol.49 , pp. 577-587
    • Evans, P.H.1
  • 43
    • 0020282951 scopus 로고
    • Influence of dietary fat on the lipid composition of rat brain synaptosomal and microsomal membranes
    • Foot M, Cruz TF & Clandinin MT (1982): Influence of dietary fat on the lipid composition of rat brain synaptosomal and microsomal membranes. Biochem. J. 208, 631-640.
    • (1982) Biochem. J. , vol.208 , pp. 631-640
    • Foot, M.1    Cruz, T.F.2    Clandinin, M.T.3
  • 44
    • 0020520934 scopus 로고
    • Oxidation of alpha-tocopherol in micelles and liposomes by the hydroxyl, perhydroxyl, and superoxide free radicals
    • Fukuzawa K & Gebicki JM (1983): Oxidation of alpha-tocopherol in micelles and liposomes by the hydroxyl, perhydroxyl, and superoxide free radicals. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 226, 242-251.
    • (1983) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.226 , pp. 242-251
    • Fukuzawa, K.1    Gebicki, J.M.2
  • 45
    • 0021845482 scopus 로고
    • The effect of concentration on the antioxidant effectiveness of alpha-tocopherol in lipid peroxidation induced by superoxide free radicals
    • Fukuzawa K, Takase S & Tsukatani H (1985): The effect of concentration on the antioxidant effectiveness of alpha-tocopherol in lipid peroxidation induced by superoxide free radicals. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 240, 117-120.
    • (1985) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.240 , pp. 117-120
    • Fukuzawa, K.1    Takase, S.2    Tsukatani, H.3
  • 47
    • 0028837184 scopus 로고
    • Cytokine secretion and eicosanoid production in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MS patients undergoing dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
    • Gallai V, Sarchielli P, Trequattrini A, Franceschini M, Floridi A, Firenze C, Alberti A, Di Benedetto D & Stragliotto E (1995): Cytokine secretion and eicosanoid production in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MS patients undergoing dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. J. Neuroimmunol. 56, 143-153.
    • (1995) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.56 , pp. 143-153
    • Gallai, V.1    Sarchielli, P.2    Trequattrini, A.3    Franceschini, M.4    Floridi, A.5    Firenze, C.6    Alberti, A.7    Di Benedetto, D.8    Stragliotto, E.9
  • 48
    • 0031731258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional factors in the aetiology of multiple sclerosis: A case-control study in Montreal, Canada
    • Ghadirian P, Jain M, Ducic S, Shatenstein B & Morisset R (1998): Nutritional factors in the aetiology of multiple sclerosis: A case-control study in Montreal, Canada. Int. J. Epidemiol. 27, 845-852.
    • (1998) Int. J. Epidemiol. , vol.27 , pp. 845-852
    • Ghadirian, P.1    Jain, M.2    Ducic, S.3    Shatenstein, B.4    Morisset, R.5
  • 49
    • 0036262303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant therapy in acute central nervous system injury: Current state
    • Gilgun-Sherki Y, Rosenbaum Z, Melamed E & Offen D (2002): Antioxidant therapy in acute central nervous system injury: Current state. Pharmacol. Rev. 54, 271-284.
    • (2002) Pharmacol. Rev. , vol.54 , pp. 271-284
    • Gilgun-Sherki, Y.1    Rosenbaum, Z.2    Melamed, E.3    Offen, D.4
  • 50
    • 1642264093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: The need for effective antioxidant therapy
    • Gilgun-Sherki Y, Melamed E & Offen D (2004): The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: The need for effective antioxidant therapy. J. Neurol. 251, 261-268.
    • (2004) J. Neurol. , vol.251 , pp. 261-268
    • Gilgun-Sherki, Y.1    Melamed, E.2    Offen, D.3
  • 51
    • 0041709345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron-deficient mice fail to develop autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Grant SM, Wiesinger JA, Beard JL & Cantorna MT (2003): Iron-deficient mice fail to develop autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Nutr. 133, 2635-2638.
    • (2003) J. Nutr. , vol.133 , pp. 2635-2638
    • Grant, S.M.1    Wiesinger, J.A.2    Beard, J.L.3    Cantorna, M.T.4
  • 52
    • 0038322504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lovastatin inhibits brain endothelial cell Rho-mediated lymphocyte migration and attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Greenwood J, Walters CE, Pryce G, Kanuga N, Beraud E, Baker D & Adamson P (2003): Lovastatin inhibits brain endothelial cell Rho-mediated lymphocyte migration and attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. FASEB J. 17, 905-907.
    • (2003) FASEB J. , vol.17 , pp. 905-907
    • Greenwood, J.1    Walters, C.E.2    Pryce, G.3    Kanuga, N.4    Beraud, E.5    Baker, D.6    Adamson, P.7
  • 53
    • 0031814522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional modulation of cytokine biology
    • Grimble RF (1998): Nutritional modulation of cytokine biology. Nutrition 14, 634-640.
    • (1998) Nutrition , vol.14 , pp. 634-640
    • Grimble, R.F.1
  • 54
    • 0032506235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adeno-associated viral-mediated catalase expression suppresses optic neuritis in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
    • Guy J, Qi X & Hauswirth WW (1998): Adeno-associated viral-mediated catalase expression suppresses optic neuritis in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 13847-13852.
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 13847-13852
    • Guy, J.1    Qi, X.2    Hauswirth, W.W.3
  • 55
    • 0026754574 scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species and the central nervous system
    • Halliwell B (1992): Reactive oxygen species and the central nervous system. J. Neurochem. 59, 1609-1623.
    • (1992) J. Neurochem. , vol.59 , pp. 1609-1623
    • Halliwell, B.1
  • 56
    • 0032199579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in immunity and autoimmune disease
    • Harbige LS (1998): Dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in immunity and autoimmune disease. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 57, 555-562.
    • (1998) Proc. Nutr. Soc. , vol.57 , pp. 555-562
    • Harbige, L.S.1
  • 57
    • 0028809432 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats by a novel fungal source of gamma-linolenic acid
    • Harbige LS, Yeatman N, Amor S & Crawford MA (1995): Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats by a novel fungal source of gamma-linolenic acid. Br. J. Nutr. 74, 701-715.
    • (1995) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.74 , pp. 701-715
    • Harbige, L.S.1    Yeatman, N.2    Amor, S.3    Crawford, M.A.4
  • 58
    • 0034528109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The protective effects of omega-6 fatty acids in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in relation to transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) up-regulation and increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production
    • Harbige LS, Layward L, Morris-Downes MM, Dumonde DC & Amor S (2000): The protective effects of omega-6 fatty acids in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in relation to transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) up-regulation and increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 122, 445-452.
    • (2000) Clin. Exp. Immunol. , vol.122 , pp. 445-452
    • Harbige, L.S.1    Layward, L.2    Morris-Downes, M.M.3    Dumonde, D.C.4    Amor, S.5
  • 59
    • 0015986669 scopus 로고
    • The metabolism of dl-(1,6-14C)lipoic acid in the rat
    • Harrison EH & McCormick DB (1974): The metabolism of dl-(1,6-14C lipoic acid in the rat. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 160, 514-522.
    • (1974) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.160 , pp. 514-522
    • Harrison, E.H.1    McCormick, D.B.2
  • 61
    • 0036546066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New concepts in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
    • Hemmer B, Archelos JJ & Hartung HP (2002): New concepts in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 3, 291-301.
    • (2002) Nat. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.3 , pp. 291-301
    • Hemmer, B.1    Archelos, J.J.2    Hartung, H.P.3
  • 63
  • 64
    • 0027291905 scopus 로고
    • Intake of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids and their determinants in adults in The Netherlands
    • Hertog MG, Hollman PC, Katan MB & Kromhout D (1993): Intake of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids and their determinants in adults in The Netherlands. Nutr. Cancer 20, 21-29.
    • (1993) Nutr. Cancer , vol.20 , pp. 21-29
    • Hertog, M.G.1    Hollman, P.C.2    Katan, M.B.3    Kromhout, D.4
  • 66
    • 0022517744 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and production of toxic oxygen radicals by flavonoids. A structure-activity study
    • Hodnick WF, Kung FS, Roettger WJ, Bohmont CW & Pardini RS (1986): Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and production of toxic oxygen radicals by flavonoids. A structure-activity study. Biochem. Pharmacol. 35, 2345-2357.
    • (1986) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.35 , pp. 2345-2357
    • Hodnick, W.F.1    Kung, F.S.2    Roettger, W.J.3    Bohmont, C.W.4    Pardini, R.S.5
  • 67
    • 0024354681 scopus 로고
    • Deficiencies of polyunsaturated fatty acids and replacement by nonessential fatty acids in plasma lipids in multiple sclerosis
    • Holman RT, Johnson SB & Kokmen E (1989): Deficiencies of polyunsaturated fatty acids and replacement by nonessential fatty acids in plasma lipids in multiple sclerosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 4720-4724.
    • (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.86 , pp. 4720-4724
    • Holman, R.T.1    Johnson, S.B.2    Kokmen, E.3
  • 68
    • 0031613667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioavailability and health effects of dietary flavonols in man
    • Hollman PC & Katan MB (1998): Bioavailability and health effects of dietary flavonols in man. Arch. Toxicol. Suppl. 20, 237-248.
    • (1998) Arch. Toxicol. Suppl. , vol.20 , pp. 237-248
    • Hollman, P.C.1    Katan, M.B.2
  • 72
    • 0016586659 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of ascorbic acid, metabolites and analogues in man and animals
    • Hornig D (1975): Distribution of ascorbic acid, metabolites and analogues in man and animals. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 258, 103-118.
    • (1975) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.258 , pp. 103-118
    • Hornig, D.1
  • 73
    • 0032534459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis-independent alterations in membrane dynamics induced by curcumin
    • Jaruga E, Sokal A, Chrul S & Bartosz G (1998): Apoptosis-independent alterations in membrane dynamics induced by curcumin. Exp. Cell Res. 245, 303-312.
    • (1998) Exp. Cell Res. , vol.245 , pp. 303-312
    • Jaruga, E.1    Sokal, A.2    Chrul, S.3    Bartosz, G.4
  • 74
    • 0023029755 scopus 로고
    • Glutathione peroxidase activity, associated enzymes and substrates in blood cells from patients with multiple sclerosis - Effects of antioxidant supplementation
    • Jensen GE & Clausen J (1986): Glutathione peroxidase activity, associated enzymes and substrates in blood cells from patients with multiple sclerosis - effects of antioxidant supplementation. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. (Copenh.) 59 (Suppl 7), 450-453.
    • (1986) Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. (Copenh.) , vol.59 , Issue.SUPPL. 7 , pp. 450-453
    • Jensen, G.E.1    Clausen, J.2
  • 76
    • 0028134769 scopus 로고
    • Role of capsaicin, curcumin and dietary n-3 fatty acids in lowering the generation of reactive oxygen species in rat peritoneal macrophages
    • Joe B & Lokesh BR (1994): Role of capsaicin, curcumin and dietary n-3 fatty acids in lowering the generation of reactive oxygen species in rat peritoneal macrophages. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1224, 255-263.
    • (1994) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1224 , pp. 255-263
    • Joe, B.1    Lokesh, B.R.2
  • 77
    • 2142784187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological properties of curcumin-cellular and molecular mechanisms of action
    • Joe B, Vijaykumar M & Lokesh BR (2004): Biological properties of curcumin-cellular and molecular mechanisms of action. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 44, 97-111.
    • (2004) Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. , vol.44 , pp. 97-111
    • Joe, B.1    Vijaykumar, M.2    Lokesh, B.R.3
  • 78
    • 0029082566 scopus 로고
    • Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Results of a phase III multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled trial
    • The Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group
    • Johnson KP, Brooks BR, Cohen JA, Ford CC, Goldstein J, Lisak RP, Myers LW, Panitch HS, Rose JW & Schiffer RB (1995): Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Results of a phase III multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Neurology 45, 1268-1276.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 1268-1276
    • Johnson, K.P.1    Brooks, B.R.2    Cohen, J.A.3    Ford, C.C.4    Goldstein, J.5    Lisak, R.P.6    Myers, L.W.7    Panitch, H.S.8    Rose, J.W.9    Schiffer, R.B.10
  • 79
    • 0037960335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel nitric oxide scavenger in combination with cyclosporine A ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis progression in mice
    • Jolivalt CG, Howard RB, Chen LS, Mizisin AP & Lai CS (2003): A novel nitric oxide scavenger in combination with cyclosporine A ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis progression in mice. J. Neuroimmunol. 138, 56-64.
    • (2003) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.138 , pp. 56-64
    • Jolivalt, C.G.1    Howard, R.B.2    Chen, L.S.3    Mizisin, A.P.4    Lai, C.S.5
  • 80
    • 0026778866 scopus 로고
    • Dihydrolipoic acid - A universal antioxidant both in the membrane and in the aqueous phase. Reduction of peroxyl, ascorbyl and chromanoxyl radicals
    • Kagan VE, Shvedova A, Serbinova E, Khan S, Swanson C, Powell R & Packer L (1992): Dihydrolipoic acid - a universal antioxidant both in the membrane and in the aqueous phase. Reduction of peroxyl, ascorbyl and chromanoxyl radicals. Biochem. Pharmacol. 44, 1637-1649.
    • (1992) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.44 , pp. 1637-1649
    • Kagan, V.E.1    Shvedova, A.2    Serbinova, E.3    Khan, S.4    Swanson, C.5    Powell, R.6    Packer, L.7
  • 82
    • 0034066998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dietary phenolic compounds on tocopherol, cholesterol, and fatty acids in rats
    • Kamal-Eldin A, Frank J, Razdan A, Tengblad S, Basu S & Vessby B (2000): Effects of dietary phenolic compounds on tocopherol, cholesterol, and fatty acids in rats. Lipids 35, 427-435.
    • (2000) Lipids , vol.35 , pp. 427-435
    • Kamal-Eldin, A.1    Frank, J.2    Razdan, A.3    Tengblad, S.4    Basu, S.5    Vessby, B.6
  • 83
    • 0028644238 scopus 로고
    • Free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of plant flavonoids
    • Kandaswami C & Middleton Jr E (1994): Free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of plant flavonoids. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 366, 351-376.
    • (1994) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , vol.366 , pp. 351-376
    • Kandaswami, C.1    Middleton Jr., E.2
  • 85
    • 0035670519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune inflammatory disease: Prospects for its integrative management
    • Kidd PM (2001): Multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune inflammatory disease: prospects for its integrative management. Altern. Med. Rev. 6, 540-566.
    • (2001) Altern. Med. Rev. , vol.6 , pp. 540-566
    • Kidd, P.M.1
  • 86
    • 0037782354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple paradigm shifts in multiple sclerosis
    • Kieseier BC & Hartung HP (2003): Multiple paradigm shifts in multiple sclerosis. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 16, 247-252.
    • (2003) Curr. Opin. Neurol. , vol.16 , pp. 247-252
    • Kieseier, B.C.1    Hartung, H.P.2
  • 87
    • 0032814249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of naturally occurring flavonoids on nitric oxide production in the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and their structure-activity relationships
    • Kim HK, Cheon BS, Kim YH, Kim SY & Kim HP (1999): Effects of naturally occurring flavonoids on nitric oxide production in the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and their structure-activity relationships. Biochem. Pharmacol. 58, 759-765.
    • (1999) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.58 , pp. 759-765
    • Kim, H.K.1    Cheon, B.S.2    Kim, Y.H.3    Kim, S.Y.4    Kim, H.P.5
  • 88
    • 0031031920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species and the neurodegenerative disorders
    • Knight JA (1997): Reactive oxygen species and the neurodegenerative disorders. Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. 27, 11-25.
    • (1997) Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. , vol.27 , pp. 11-25
    • Knight, J.A.1
  • 89
    • 0033955308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidants and herbal extracts protect HT-4 neuronal cells against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity
    • Kobayashi MS, Han D & Packer L (2000): Antioxidants and herbal extracts protect HT-4 neuronal cells against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Free Radic. Res. 32, 115-124.
    • (2000) Free Radic. Res. , vol.32 , pp. 115-124
    • Kobayashi, M.S.1    Han, D.2    Packer, L.3
  • 90
    • 0031769670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assay of inducible form of nitric oxide synthase activity: Effect of flavonoids and plant extracts
    • Kobuchi H, Virgili F & Packer L (1999): Assay of inducible form of nitric oxide synthase activity: Effect of flavonoids and plant extracts. Methods Enzymol. 301, 504-513.
    • (1999) Methods Enzymol. , vol.301 , pp. 504-513
    • Kobuchi, H.1    Virgili, F.2    Packer, L.3
  • 91
    • 0041589180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropathology of multiple sclerosis - New concepts
    • Kornek B & Lassmann H (2003): Neuropathology of multiple sclerosis - new concepts. Brain Res. Bull. 61, 321-326.
    • (2003) Brain Res. Bull. , vol.61 , pp. 321-326
    • Kornek, B.1    Lassmann, H.2
  • 92
    • 0037215310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of supplementation with fish oil-derived n-3 fatty acids and gamma-linolenic acid on circulating plasma lipids and fatty acid profiles in women
    • Laidlaw M & Holub BJ (2003): Effects of supplementation with fish oil-derived n-3 fatty acids and gamma-linolenic acid on circulating plasma lipids and fatty acid profiles in women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 77, 37-42.
    • (2003) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.77 , pp. 37-42
    • Laidlaw, M.1    Holub, B.J.2
  • 93
    • 0026647212 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of low-molecular-weight antioxidants, uric acid, tyrosine and tryptophan in plaques and white matter from patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Langemann H, Kabiersch A & Newcombe J (1992): Measurement of low-molecular-weight antioxidants, uric acid, tyrosine and tryptophan in plaques and white matter from patients with multiple sclerosis. Eur. Neurol. 32, 248-252.
    • (1992) Eur. Neurol. , vol.32 , pp. 248-252
    • Langemann, H.1    Kabiersch, A.2    Newcombe, J.3
  • 94
    • 0033087771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of demyelination and tissue damage in multiple sclerosis
    • Lassmann H (1999): Mechanisms of demyelination and tissue damage in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol. Belg. 99, 6-10.
    • (1999) Acta Neurol. Belg. , vol.99 , pp. 6-10
    • Lassmann, H.1
  • 96
    • 0023949568 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of leukotriene B3: Comparison of its biological activities with leukotriene B4 and leukotriene B5 in complement receptor enhancement, lysozyme release and chemotaxis of human neutrophils
    • Lee TH, Sethi T, Crea AE, Peters W, Arm JP, Horton CE, Walport MJ & Spur BW (1988): Characterization ofCleukotriene B3: comparison of its biological activities with leukotriene B4 and leukotriene B5 in complement receptor enhancement, lysozyme release and chemotaxis of human neutrophils. Clin. Sci. (Lond.) 74, 467-475.
    • (1988) Clin. Sci. (Lond.) , vol.74 , pp. 467-475
    • Lee, T.H.1    Sethi, T.2    Crea, A.E.3    Peters, W.4    Arm, J.P.5    Horton, C.E.6    Walport, M.J.7    Spur, B.W.8
  • 97
    • 0028069512 scopus 로고
    • Oral administration of the oxidant-scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine inhibits acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Lehmann D, Karussis D, Misrachi-Koll R, Shezen E, Ovadia H & Abramsky O (1994): Oral administration of the oxidant-scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine inhibits acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Neuroimmunol. 50, 35-42.
    • (1994) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.50 , pp. 35-42
    • Lehmann, D.1    Karussis, D.2    Misrachi-Koll, R.3    Shezen, E.4    Ovadia, H.5    Abramsky, O.6
  • 98
    • 0033789565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free radical pathways in CNS injury
    • Léwen A, Matz P & Chan PH (2000): Free radical pathways in CNS injury. J. Neurotrauma 17, 871-890.
    • (2000) J. Neurotrauma , vol.17 , pp. 871-890
    • Léwen, A.1    Matz, P.2    Chan, P.H.3
  • 99
    • 0032831286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of inducible cyclooxygenase and inducible nitric oxide synthase by apigenin and related flavonoids in mouse macrophages
    • Liang YC, Huang YT, Tsai SH, Lin-Shiau SY, Chen CF & Lin JK (1999): Suppression of inducible cyclooxygenase and inducible nitric oxide synthase by apigenin and related flavonoids in mouse macrophages. Carcinogenesis 20, 1945-1952.
    • (1999) Carcinogenesis , vol.20 , pp. 1945-1952
    • Liang, Y.C.1    Huang, Y.T.2    Tsai, S.H.3    Lin-Shiau, S.Y.4    Chen, C.F.5    Lin, J.K.6
  • 100
    • 0035503597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The curry spice curcumin reduces oxidative damage and amyloid pathology in an Alzheimer transgenic mouse
    • Lim GP, Chu T, Yang F, Beech W, Frautschy SA & Cole GM (2001): The curry spice curcumin reduces oxidative damage and amyloid pathology in an Alzheimer transgenic mouse. J. Neurosci. 21, 8370-8377.
    • (2001) J. Neurosci. , vol.21 , pp. 8370-8377
    • Lim, G.P.1    Chu, T.2    Yang, F.3    Beech, W.4    Frautschy, S.A.5    Cole, G.M.6
  • 101
    • 0027220214 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide localized to spinal cords of mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: An electron paramagnetic resonance study
    • Lin RF, Lin TS, Tilton RG & Cross AH (1993): Nitric oxide localized to spinal cords of mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: An electron paramagnetic resonance study. J. Exp. Med. 178, 643-648.
    • (1993) J. Exp. Med. , vol.178 , pp. 643-648
    • Lin, R.F.1    Lin, T.S.2    Tilton, R.G.3    Cross, A.H.4
  • 102
    • 0028762647 scopus 로고
    • Excitatory amino acids as a final common pathway for neurologic disorders
    • Lipton SA & Rosenberg PA (1994): Excitatory amino acids as a final common pathway for neurologic disorders. N. Engl. J. Med. 330, 613-622.
    • (1994) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.330 , pp. 613-622
    • Lipton, S.A.1    Rosenberg, P.A.2
  • 103
    • 0025024614 scopus 로고
    • High dose antioxidant supplementation to MS patients. Effects on glutathione peroxidase, clinical safety, and absorption of selenium
    • Mai J, Sorensen PS & Hansen JC (1990): High dose antioxidant supplementation to MS patients. Effects on glutathione peroxidase, clinical safety, and absorption of selenium. Biol. Trace Element. Res. 24, 109-117.
    • (1990) Biol. Trace Element. Res. , vol.24 , pp. 109-117
    • Mai, J.1    Sorensen, P.S.2    Hansen, J.C.3
  • 105
    • 0036790853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha lipoic acid inhibits T cell migration into the spinal cord and suppresses and treats experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Marracci GH, Jones RE, McKeon GP & Bourdette DN (2002): Alpha lipoic acid inhibits T cell migration into the spinal cord and suppresses and treats experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Neuroimmunol. 131, 104-114.
    • (2002) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.131 , pp. 104-114
    • Marracci, G.H.1    Jones, R.E.2    McKeon, G.P.3    Bourdette, D.N.4
  • 108
    • 0034986318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of antioxidants on L-glutamate and N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion induced-neurotoxicity in PC12 cells
    • Mazzio E, Huber J, Darling S, Harris N & Soliman KF (2001): Effect of antioxidants on L-glutamate and N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion induced-neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Neurotoxicology 22, 283-288.
    • (2001) Neurotoxicology , vol.22 , pp. 283-288
    • Mazzio, E.1    Huber, J.2    Darling, S.3    Harris, N.4    Soliman, K.F.5
  • 109
    • 0033401226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of damage to myelin and oligodendrocytes and their relevance to disease
    • Merrill JE & Scolding NJ (1999): Mechanisms of damage to myelin and oligodendrocytes and their relevance to disease. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 25, 435-458.
    • (1999) Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. , vol.25 , pp. 435-458
    • Merrill, J.E.1    Scolding, N.J.2
  • 110
    • 0027161216 scopus 로고
    • Microglial cell cytotoxicity of oligodendrocytes is mediated through nitric oxide
    • Merrill JE, Ignarro LJ, Sherman MP, Melinek J & Lane TE (1993): Microglial cell cytotoxicity of oligodendrocytes is mediated through nitric oxide. J. Immunol. 151, 2132-2141.
    • (1993) J. Immunol. , vol.151 , pp. 2132-2141
    • Merrill, J.E.1    Ignarro, L.J.2    Sherman, M.P.3    Melinek, J.4    Lane, T.E.5
  • 111
    • 0018152403 scopus 로고
    • Suppression by essential fatty acids of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis is abolished by indomethacin
    • Mertin J & Stackpoole A (1978): Suppression by essential fatty acids of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis is abolished by indomethacin. Prostagland. Med. 1, 283-291.
    • (1978) Prostagland. Med. , vol.1 , pp. 283-291
    • Mertin, J.1    Stackpoole, A.2
  • 112
    • 0029965924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids on cytokine production and their biologic function
    • Meydani SN (1996): Effect of (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids on cytokine production and their biologic function. Nutrition 12, S8-S14.
    • (1996) Nutrition , vol.12
    • Meydani, S.N.1
  • 113
    • 0029093174 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous N-acetylcysteine and lung glutathione of patients with pulmonary fibrosis and normals
    • Meyer A, Buhl R, Kampf S & Magnussen H (1995): Intravenous N-acetylcysteine and lung glutathione of patients with pulmonary fibrosis and normals. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 152, 1055-1060.
    • (1995) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.152 , pp. 1055-1060
    • Meyer, A.1    Buhl, R.2    Kampf, S.3    Magnussen, H.4
  • 114
    • 0033637140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: Implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer
    • Middleton Jr E, Kandaswami C & Theoharides TC (2000): The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: Implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer. Pharmacol. Rev. 52, 673-751.
    • (2000) Pharmacol. Rev. , vol.52 , pp. 673-751
    • Middleton Jr., E.1    Kandaswami, C.2    Theoharides, T.C.3
  • 115
    • 0028959192 scopus 로고
    • Estrogenic flavonoids: Structural requirements for biological activity
    • Miksicek RJ (1995S: Estrogenic flavonoids: structural requirements for biological activity. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 208, 44-50.
    • (1995) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. , vol.208 , pp. 44-50
    • Miksicek, R.J.1
  • 116
    • 0031985513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia as effector cells in brain damage and repair: Focus on prostanoids and nitric oxide
    • Minghetti L & Levi G (1998): Microglia as effector cells in brain damage and repair: Focus on prostanoids and nitric oxide. Prog. Neurobiol. 54, 99-125.
    • (1998) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.54 , pp. 99-125
    • Minghetti, L.1    Levi, G.2
  • 117
    • 0032694035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-acetyl-cysteine inhibition of encephalomyelitis Theiler's virus-induced nitric oxide and tumour necrosis factor-alpha production by murine astrocyte cultures
    • Molina-Holgado F, Hernanz A, De la Fuente M & Guaza C (1999): N-acetyl-cysteine inhibition of encephalomyelitis Theiler's virus-induced nitric oxide and tumour necrosis factor-alpha production by murine astrocyte cultures. Biofactors 10, 187-193.
    • (1999) Biofactors , vol.10 , pp. 187-193
    • Molina-Holgado, F.1    Hernanz, A.2    De la Fuente, M.3    Guaza, C.4
  • 120
    • 4544312491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quercetin, a flavonoid phytoestrogen, ameliorates experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by blocking IL-12 signaling through JAK-STAT pathway in T lymphocyte
    • Muthian G & Bright JJ (2004): Quercetin, a flavonoid phytoestrogen, ameliorates experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by blocking IL-12 signaling through JAK-STAT pathway in T lymphocyte. J. Clin. Immunol. 24, 542-552.
    • (2004) J. Clin. Immunol. , vol.24 , pp. 542-552
    • Muthian, G.1    Bright, J.J.2
  • 121
    • 0030758614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative studies of enhanced iron-mediated production of hydroxyl radical by glutathione, cysteine, ascorbic acid, and selected catechols
    • Nappi AJ & Vass E (1997): Comparative studies of enhanced iron-mediated production of hydroxyl radical by glutathione, cysteine, ascorbic acid, and selected catechols. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1336, 295-302.
    • (1997) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1336 , pp. 295-302
    • Nappi, A.J.1    Vass, E.2
  • 122
    • 0037097660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Curcumin inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by blocking IL-12 signaling through Janus kinase-STAT pathway in T lymphocytes
    • Natarajan C & Bright JJ (2002): Curcumin inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by blocking IL-12 signaling through Janus kinase-STAT pathway in T lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 168, 6506-6513.
    • (2002) J. Immunol. , vol.168 , pp. 6506-6513
    • Natarajan, C.1    Bright, J.J.2
  • 123
  • 125
    • 0033840807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary advice and n-3 supplementation in newly diagnosed MS patients
    • Nordvik I, Myhr KM, Nyland H & Bjerve KS (2000): Effect of dietary advice and n-3 supplementation in newly diagnosed MS patients. Acta Neurol. Scand. 102, 143-149.
    • (2000) Acta Neurol. Scand. , vol.102 , pp. 143-149
    • Nordvik, I.1    Myhr, K.M.2    Nyland, H.3    Bjerve, K.S.4
  • 126
    • 0032715755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide plays a critical role in the recovery of Lewis rats from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and the maintenance of resistance to reinduction
    • O'Brien NC, Charlton B, Cowden WB & Willenborg DO (1999): Nitric oxide plays a critical role in the recovery of Lewis rats from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and the maintenance of resistance to reinduction. J. Immunol. 163, 6841-6847.
    • (1999) J. Immunol. , vol.163 , pp. 6841-6847
    • O'Brien, N.C.1    Charlton, B.2    Cowden, W.B.3    Willenborg, D.O.4
  • 127
    • 0035889960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase initiates relapsing remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats, yet nitric oxide appears to be essential for clinical expression of disease
    • O'Brien NC, Charlton B, Cowden WB & Willenborg DO (2001): Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase initiates relapsing remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats, yet nitric oxide appears to be essential for clinical expression of disease. J. Immunol. 167, 5904-5912.
    • (2001) J. Immunol. , vol.167 , pp. 5904-5912
    • O'Brien, N.C.1    Charlton, B.2    Cowden, W.B.3    Willenborg, D.O.4
  • 128
    • 2642579050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A low molecular weight copper chelator crosses the blood-brain barrier and attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Offen D, Gilgun-Sherki Y, Barhum Y, Benhar M, Grinberg L, Reich R, Melamed E & Atlas D (2004): A low molecular weight copper chelator crosses the blood-brain barrier and attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Neurochem. 89, 1241-1251.
    • (2004) J. Neurochem. , vol.89 , pp. 1241-1251
    • Offen, D.1    Gilgun-Sherki, Y.2    Barhum, Y.3    Benhar, M.4    Grinberg, L.5    Reich, R.6    Melamed, E.7    Atlas, D.8
  • 129
    • 0027468201 scopus 로고
    • Vulnerability of oligodendroglia to glutamate: Pharmacology, mechanisms, and prevention
    • Oka A, Belliveau MJ, Rosenberg PA & Volpe JJ (1993): Vulnerability of oligodendroglia to glutamate: Pharmacology, mechanisms, and prevention. J. Neurosci. 13, 1441-1453.
    • (1993) J. Neurosci. , vol.13 , pp. 1441-1453
    • Oka, A.1    Belliveau, M.J.2    Rosenberg, P.A.3    Volpe, J.J.4
  • 130
    • 0038459185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The enigma of multiple sclerosis: Inflammation and neurodegeneration cause heterogeneous dysfunction and damage
    • Owens T (2003): The enigma oI multiple sclerosis: inflammation and neurodegeneration cause heterogeneous dysfunction and damage. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 16, 259-265.
    • (2003) Curr. Opin. Neurol. , vol.16 , pp. 259-265
    • Owens, T.1
  • 132
    • 0029909010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotection by the metabolic antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid
    • Packer L, Tritschler HJ & Wessel K (1997): Neuroprotection by the metabolic antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 22, 359-378.
    • (1997) Free Radic. Biol. Med. , vol.22 , pp. 359-378
    • Packer, L.1    Tritschler, H.J.2    Wessel, K.3
  • 133
    • 0035146985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular aspects of alpha-tocotrienol antioxidant action and cell signalling
    • Packer L, Weber SU & Rimbach G (2001): Molecular aspects of alpha-tocotrienol antioxidant action and cell signalling. J. Nutr. 131, 369S-373S.
    • (2001) J. Nutr. , vol.131
    • Packer, L.1    Weber, S.U.2    Rimbach, G.3
  • 134
    • 0031973672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-acetyl cysteine inhibits induction of no production by endotoxin or cytokine stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages, C6 glial cells and astrocytes
    • Pahan K, Sheikh FG, Namboodiri AM & Singh I (1998): N-acetyl cysteine inhibits induction of no production by endotoxin or cytokine stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages, C6 glial cells and astrocytes. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 24, 39-48.
    • (1998) Free Radic. Biol. Med. , vol.24 , pp. 39-48
    • Pahan, K.1    Sheikh, F.G.2    Namboodiri, A.M.3    Singh, I.4
  • 135
    • 0032926620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotransformation of curcumin through reduction and glucuronidation in mice
    • Pan MH, Huang TM & Lin JK (1999): Biotransformation of curcumin through reduction and glucuronidation in mice. Drug Metab. Dispos. 27, 486-494.
    • (1999) Drug Metab. Dispos. , vol.27 , pp. 486-494
    • Pan, M.H.1    Huang, T.M.2    Lin, J.K.3
  • 136
    • 0032522199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Desferrioxamine suppresses experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced by MBP in SJL mice
    • Pedchenko TV & LeVine SM (1998): Desferrioxamine suppresses experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced by MBP in SJL mice. J. Neuroimmunol. 84, 188-197.
    • (1998) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.84 , pp. 188-197
    • Pedchenko, T.V.1    LeVine, S.M.2
  • 137
    • 0028297676 scopus 로고
    • Involvement of the cystine transport system xc- in the macrophage-induced glutamate-dependent cytotoxicity to neurons
    • Piani D & Fontana A (1994): Involvement of the cystine transport system xc- in the macrophage-induced glutamate-dependent cytotoxicity to neurons. J. Immunol. 152, 3578-3585.
    • (1994) J. Immunol. , vol.152 , pp. 3578-3585
    • Piani, D.1    Fontana, A.2
  • 138
    • 0033958462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate excitotoxicity in a model of multiple sclerosis
    • Pitt D, Werner P & Raine CS (2000): Glutamate excitotoxicity in a model of multiple sclerosis. Nat. Med. 6, 67-70.
    • (2000) Nat. Med. , vol.6 , pp. 67-70
    • Pitt, D.1    Werner, P.2    Raine, C.S.3
  • 139
    • 0029920697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous determination of tissue tocopherols, tocotrienols, ubiquinols, and ubiquinones
    • Podda M, Weber C, Traber MG & Packer L (1996): Simultaneous determination of tissue tocopherols, tocotrienols, ubiquinols, and ubiquinones. J. Lipid Res. 37, 893-901.
    • (1996) J. Lipid Res. , vol.37 , pp. 893-901
    • Podda, M.1    Weber, C.2    Traber, M.G.3    Packer, L.4
  • 140
    • 0043022062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New and emerging treatment options for multiple sclerosis
    • Polman CH & Uitdehaag BM (2003): New and emerging treatment options for multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2, 563-566.
    • (2003) Lancet Neurol. , vol.2 , pp. 563-566
    • Polman, C.H.1    Uitdehaag, B.M.2
  • 142
    • 0343131929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential compartmentalization of brain ascorbate and glutathione between neurons and glia
    • Rice ME & Russo-Menna I (1998): Differential compartmentalization of brain ascorbate and glutathione between neurons and glia. Neuroscience 82, 1213-1223.
    • (1998) Neuroscience , vol.82 , pp. 1213-1223
    • Rice, M.E.1    Russo-Menna, I.2
  • 143
    • 0023811053 scopus 로고
    • Normal oxidative damage to mitochondrial and nuclear DNA is extensive
    • Richter C, Park JW & Ames BN (1988): Normal oxidative damage to mitochondrial and nuclear DNA is extensive. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 6465-6467.
    • (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.85 , pp. 6465-6467
    • Richter, C.1    Park, J.W.2    Ames, B.N.3
  • 144
    • 0028872327 scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species are involved in the pathogenesis of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats
    • Ruuls SR, Bauer J, Sontrop K, Huitinga I, t Hart BA & Dijkstra CD (1995): Reactive oxygen species are involved in the pathogenesis of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats. J. Neuroimmunol. 56, 207-217.
    • (1995) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.56 , pp. 207-217
    • Ruuls, S.R.1    Bauer, J.2    Sontrop, K.3    Huitinga, I.4    t Hart, B.A.5    Dijkstra, C.D.6
  • 147
    • 0035478598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative glutamate toxicity can be a component of the excitotoxicity cascade
    • Schubert D & Piasecki D (2001): Oxidative glutamate toxicity can be a component of the excitotoxicity cascade. J. Neurosci. 21, 7455-7462.
    • (2001) J. Neurosci. , vol.21 , pp. 7455-7462
    • Schubert, D.1    Piasecki, D.2
  • 148
    • 0034724679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis of vitamin E action. Tocotrienol potently inhibits glutamate-induced pp60(c-Src) kinase activation and death of HT4 neuronal cells
    • Sen CK, Khanna S, Roy S & Packer L (2000): Molecular basis of vitamin E action. Tocotrienol potently inhibits glutamate-induced pp60(c-Src) kinase activation and death of HT4 neuronal cells. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 13049-13055.
    • (2000) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.275 , pp. 13049-13055
    • Sen, C.K.1    Khanna, S.2    Roy, S.3    Packer, L.4
  • 149
    • 0036931477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omega-3 fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune diseases
    • Simopoulos AP (2002): Omega-3 fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 21, 495-505.
    • (2002) J. Am. Coll. Nutr. , vol.21 , pp. 495-505
    • Simopoulos, A.P.1
  • 150
    • 0032493829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokine-mediated induction of ceramide production is redox-sensitive. Implications to proinflammatory cytokine-mediated apoptosis in demyelinating diseases
    • Singh I, Pahan K, Khan M & Singh AK (1998): Cytokine-mediated induction of ceramide production is redox-sensitive. Implications to proinflammatory cytokine-mediated apoptosis in demyelinating diseases. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 20354-20362.
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.273 , pp. 20354-20362
    • Singh, I.1    Pahan, K.2    Khan, M.3    Singh, A.K.4
  • 151
    • 0032950964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demyelination: The role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
    • Smith KJ,TKapoor R & Felts PA (1999): Demyelination: the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Brain Pathol. 9, 69-92.
    • (1999) Brain Pathol. , vol.9 , pp. 69-92
    • Smith, K.J.1    Kapoor, R.2    Felts, P.A.3
  • 152
    • 0031855756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro attenuation of nitric oxide production in C6 astrocyte cell culture by various dietary compounds
    • Soliman KF & Mazzio EA (1998): In vitro attenuation of nitric oxide production in C6 astrocyte cell culture by various dietary compounds. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 218, 390-397.
    • (1998) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. , vol.218 , pp. 390-397
    • Soliman, K.F.1    Mazzio, E.A.2
  • 153
    • 0028893774 scopus 로고
    • Arachidonic acid inhibits potassium conductances in cultured rat oligodendrocytes
    • Soliven B & Wang N (1995): Arachidonic acid inhibits potassium conductances in cultured rat oligodendrocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 269, C341-C348.
    • (1995) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.269
    • Soliven, B.1    Wang, N.2
  • 154
    • 0034536758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyunsaturated (n-3) fatty acids susceptible to peroxidation are increased in plasma and tissue lipids of rats fed docosahexaenoic acid-containing oils
    • Song JH, Fujimoto K & Miyazawa T (2000): Polyunsaturated (n-3) fatty acids susceptible to peroxidation are increased in plasma and tissue lipids of rats fed docosahexaenoic acid-containing oils. J. Nutr. 130, 3028-3033.
    • (2000) J. Nutr. , vol.130 , pp. 3028-3033
    • Song, J.H.1    Fujimoto, K.2    Miyazawa, T.3
  • 155
    • 0027080521 scopus 로고
    • Effect of oral curcumin administration on serum peroxides and cholesterol levels in human volunteers
    • Soni KB & Kuttan R (1992): Effect of oral curcumin administration on serum peroxides and cholesterol levels in human volunteers. Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 36, 273-275.
    • (1992) Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol. , vol.36 , pp. 273-275
    • Soni, K.B.1    Kuttan, R.2
  • 158
    • 0037195587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunomodulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rats by Lovastatin
    • Stanislaus R, Gilg AG, Singh AK & Singh I (2002): Immunomodulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rats by Lovastatin. Neurosci. Lett. 333, 167-170.
    • (2002) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.333 , pp. 167-170
    • Stanislaus, R.1    Gilg, A.G.2    Singh, A.K.3    Singh, I.4
  • 159
  • 160
    • 0038458980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins as potential therapeutic agents in neuroinflammatory disorders
    • Stüve O, Youssef S, Steinman L & Zamvil SS (2003b): Statins as potential therapeutic agents in neuroinflammatory disorders. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 16, 393-401.
    • (2003) Curr. Opin. Neurol. , vol.16 , pp. 393-401
    • Stüve, O.1    Youssef, S.2    Steinman, L.3    Zamvil, S.S.4
  • 161
    • 0037307839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral feeding with ethinyl estradiol suppresses and treats experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in SJL mice and inhibits the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the central nervous system
    • Subramanian S, Matejuk A, Zamora A, Vandenbark AA & Offner H (2003): Oral feeding with ethinyl estradiol suppresses and treats experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in SJL mice and inhibits the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the central nervous system. J. Immunol. 170, 1548-1555.
    • (2003) J. Immunol. , vol.170 , pp. 1548-1555
    • Subramanian, S.1    Matejuk, A.2    Zamora, A.3    Vandenbark, A.A.4    Offner, H.5
  • 162
    • 0026356525 scopus 로고
    • Thioctic acid and dihydrolipoic acid are novel antioxidants which interact with reactive oxygen species
    • Suzuki YJ, Tsuchiya M & Packer L (1991): Thioctic acid and dihydrolipoic acid are novel antioxidants which interact with reactive oxygen species. Free Radic. Res. Commun. 15, 255-263.
    • (1991) Free Radic. Res. Commun. , vol.15 , pp. 255-263
    • Suzuki, Y.J.1    Tsuchiya, M.2    Packer, L.3
  • 163
    • 0000153420 scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis: A correlation of its incidence with dietary fat
    • Swank R (1950)A Multiple sclerosis: a correlation of its incidence with dietary fat. Am. J. Med. Sci. 220, 421-430.
    • (1950) Am. J. Med. Sci. , vol.220 , pp. 421-430
    • Swank, R.1
  • 164
    • 0031282383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arachidonic acid inhibits myelin basic protein phosphorylation in cultured oligodendrocytes
    • Takeda M & Soliven B (1997): Arachidonic acid inhibits myelin basic protein phosphorylation in cultured oligodendrocytes. Glia 21, 277-284.
    • (1997) Glia , vol.21 , pp. 277-284
    • Takeda, M.1    Soliven, B.2
  • 170
    • 1042287039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary compounds prevent oxidative damage and nitric oxide production by cells involved in demyelinating disease
    • van Meeteren ME, Hendriks JJ, Dijkstra CD & van Tol EA (2004): Dietary compounds prevent oxidative damage and nitric oxide production by cells involved in demyelinating disease. Biochem. Pharmacol. 67, 967-975.
    • (2004) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.67 , pp. 967-975
    • van Meeteren, M.E.1    Hendriks, J.J.2    Dijkstra, C.D.3    van Tol, E.A.4
  • 171
    • 3242660156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis in clinical practice
    • Van Oosten BW, Barkhof F & Polman CH (2004): New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis in clinical practice. Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd 148, 1417-1422.
    • (2004) Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd , vol.148 , pp. 1417-1422
    • Van Oosten, B.W.1    Barkhof, F.2    Polman, C.H.3
  • 172
    • 0031666630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E and other endogenous antioxidants in the central nervous system
    • Vatassery GT (1998a): Vitamin E and other endogenous antioxidants in the central nervous system. Geriatrics 53 (Suppl 1), S25-S27.
    • (1998) Geriatrics , vol.53 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Vatassery, G.T.1
  • 174
    • 0031892577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-tocopherol in rat brain subcellular fractions is oxidized rapidly during incubations with low concentrations of peroxynitrite
    • Vatassery GT, Smith WE & Quach HT (1998b): Alpha-tocopherol in rat brain subcellular fractions is oxidized rapidly during incubations with low concentrations of peroxynitrite. J. Nutr. 128, 152-157.
    • (1998) J. Nutr. , vol.128 , pp. 152-157
    • Vatassery, G.T.1    Smith, W.E.2    Quach, H.T.3
  • 178
    • 0033400628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Our shifting understanding of the role of nitric oxide in autoimmune encephalomyelitis: A review
    • Willenborg DO, Staykova MA & Cowden WB (1999): Our shifting understanding of the role of nitric oxide in autoimmune encephalomyelitis: A review. J. Neuroimmunol. 100, 21-35.
    • (1999) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.100 , pp. 21-35
    • Willenborg, D.O.1    Staykova, M.A.2    Cowden, W.B.3
  • 179
    • 0026089178 scopus 로고
    • Lipid and fatty acid composition is altered in plaque tissue from multiple sclerosis brain compared with normal brain white matter
    • Wilson R & Tocher DR (1991): Lipid and fatty acid composition is altered in plaque tissue from multiple sclerosis brain compared with normal brain white matter. Lipids 26, 9-15.
    • (1991) Lipids , vol.26 , pp. 9-15
    • Wilson, R.1    Tocher, D.R.2
  • 181
    • 0030898135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth factors and remyelination in the CNS
    • Woodruff RH & Franklin RJ (1997): Growth factors and remyelination in the CNS. Histol. Histopathol. 12, 459-466.
    • (1997) Histol. Histopathol. , vol.12 , pp. 459-466
    • Woodruff, R.H.1    Franklin, R.J.2
  • 182
    • 0032200042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and immune function
    • Wu D & Meydani SN (1998): N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and immune function. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 57, 503-509.
    • (1998) Proc. Nutr. Soc. , vol.57 , pp. 503-509
    • Wu, D.1    Meydani, S.N.2
  • 183
    • 0035339875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SIN-1, a nitric oxide donor, ameliorates experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats in the incipient phase: The importance of the time window
    • Xu LY, Yang JS, Link H & Xiao BG (2001): SIN-1, a nitric oxide donor, ameliorates experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats in the incipient phase: The importance of the time window. J. Immunol. 166, 5810-5816.
    • (2001) J. Immunol. , vol.166 , pp. 5810-5816
    • Xu, L.Y.1    Yang, J.S.2    Link, H.3    Xiao, B.G.4
  • 184
    • 0030951266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Essential fatty acid preparation improves biochemical and cognitive functions in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis rats
    • Yehuda S, Rabinovitz S, Mostofsky DI, Huberman M & Sredni B (1997): Essential fatty acid preparation improves biochemical and cognitive functions in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 328, 23-29.
    • (1997) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.328 , pp. 23-29
    • Yehuda, S.1    Rabinovitz, S.2    Mostofsky, D.I.3    Huberman, M.4    Sredni, B.5
  • 185
    • 0034237584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Essential fatty acids and the brain: Possible health implications
    • Youdim KA, Martin A & Joseph JA (2000): Essential fatty acids and the brain: Possible health implications. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 18, 383-399.
    • (2000) Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. , vol.18 , pp. 383-399
    • Youdim, K.A.1    Martin, A.2    Joseph, J.A.3
  • 188
    • 0035838314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intakes of carotenoids, vitamin C, and vitamin E and MS risk among two large cohorts of women
    • Zhang SM, Hernan MA, Olek MJ, Spiegelman D, Willett WC & Ascherio A (2001): Intakes of carotenoids, vitamin C, and vitamin E and MS risk among two large cohorts of women. Neurology 57, 75-80.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , pp. 75-80
    • Zhang, S.M.1    Hernan, M.A.2    Olek, M.J.3    Spiegelman, D.4    Willett, W.C.5    Ascherio, A.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.