Novel drug delivery strategies for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery

Volumn 2, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 451-463

  Kesisoglou, Filippos ^a,b   Zimmermann, Ellen M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Chrohn's disease; Colon; Drug delivery; Drug design; Drug therapy; Gene therapy; Inflammatory bowel disease; Ulcerative colitis

Indexed keywords

ADALIMUMAB; ADENOVIRUS VECTOR; AMINOSALICYLIC ACID DERIVATIVE; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; AZATHIOPRINE; AZULFIDINE EN; BALSALAZIDE; BUDESONIDE; CASPASE RECRUITMENT DOMAIN PROTEIN 15; CERTOLIZUMAB PEGOL; CIPROFLOXACIN; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOSPORIN; CYCLOSPORIN A; CYTOKINE; HYDROCORTISONE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; INFLIXIMAB; IPSALAZIDE; MERCAPTOPURINE; MESALAZINE; METHOTREXATE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; METRONIDAZOLE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; OLSALAZINE; PREDNISONE; SALAZOSULFAPYRIDINE; TACROLIMUS; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA ANTIBODY; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION; CHEMICAL MODIFICATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED RELEASE FORMULATION; CROHN DISEASE; DELAYED RELEASE FORMULATION; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG POTENCY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; ENTERITIS; GENE THERAPY; HUMAN; IDIOPATHIC DISEASE; INTESTINE WALL; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; REVIEW; SUSTAINED RELEASE PREPARATION; ULCERATIVE COLITIS; VIRAL GENE DELIVERY SYSTEM;

DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; GASTROINTESTINAL AGENTS; GENE THERAPY; HUMANS; INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES;

EID: 28044454331     PISSN: 17425247     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2.3.451     Document Type: Review

References (163)

1. PODOLSKY DK: Inflammatory bowel disease. N. Engl. J. Med. (2002) 347(6):417-429.
2. BOUMA G, STROBER W: The immunological and genetic basis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nat. Rev. Immunol. (2003) 3(7):521-533.
3. HANAUER SB, PRESENT DH: The state of the art in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Rev. Gastroenterol. Disord. (2003) 3(2):81-92.
4. HANAUER SB, DASSOPOULOS T: Evolving treatment strategies for inflammatory bowel disease. Ann. Rev. Med. (2001) 52:299-318.
5. KWEON M-N, TAKAHASHI I, KIUONO H: New Insights into Mechanisms of inflammatory and allergic diseases in mucosal tissues. Digestion (2001) 63(Suppl. 1):1-11.
6. SHANAHAN F: Inflammatory bowel disease: immunodiagnostics, immunotherapeutics, and ecotherapeutics. Gastroenterology (2001) 120(3):622-635.
7. FIOCCHI C: Inflammatory bowel disease: etiology and pathogenesis. Gastroenterology (1998) 115(1):182-205.
8. KARLINGER K, GYÖRKE T, MAKÖ E, MESTER Á, TARJÁN Z: The epidemiology and the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Eur. J. Radiol. (2000) 35(3):154-167.
9. CHURCH JM: Molecular genetics and Crohn's disease. Surg. Clin. North Am. (2001) 81(1):31-38, vii-viii.
10. HUGOT JP, LAURENT-PUIG P, GOWER-ROUSSEAU C et al.: Mapping of a susceptibility locus for Crohn's disease on chromosome 16. Nature (1996) 379(6568):821-823.
11. LAWRANCE IC, FIOCCHI C, CHAKRAVARTI S: Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease: distinctive gene expression profiles and novel susceptibility candidate genes. Hum. Mol. Genet. (2001) 10(5):445-456.
12. BONEN DK, CHO JH: The genetics of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology (2003) 124(2):521-536.
13. OGURA Y, BONEN DK, INOHARA N et al.: A frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Nature (2001) 411(6837):603-606.
14. HUGOT JP, CHAMAILLARD M, ZOUALI H et al.: Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Nature (2001) 411(6837):599-603.
15. HAMPE J, CUTHBERT A, CROUCHER PJ et al.: Association between insertion mutation in NOD2 gene and Crohn's disease in German and British populations. Lancet (2001) 357(9272):1925-1928.
16. TIMMER A: Environmental influences on inflammatory bowel disease manifestations. Lessons from epidemiology. Dig. Dis. (2003) 21(2):91-104.
17. ARDIZZONE S, PORRO GB: Inflammatory bowel disease: new insights into pathogenesis and treatment. J. Intern. Med. (2002) 252(6):475-496.
18. IRVINE EJ, MARSHALL JK: Increased intestinal permeability precedes the onset of Crohn's disease in a subject with familial risk. Gastroenterology (2000) 119(6):1740-1744.
19. TEAHON K, SOMASUNDARAM S, SMITH T, MENZIES I, BJARNASON I: Assessing the site of increased intestinal permeability in coeliac and inflammatory bowel disease. Gut (1996) 38(6):864-869.
20. HOWDEN CW, ROBERTSON C, DUNCAN A, MORRIS AJ, RUSSELL RI: Comparison of different measurements of intestinal permeability in inflammatory bowel disease. Am. J. Gastroenterol. (1991) 86(10):1445-1449.
21. WIRTZ S, NEURATH MF: Animal models of intestinal inflammation: new insights into the molecular pathogenesis and immunotherapy of inflammatory bowel disease. Int. J. Colorectal Dis. (2000) 15(3):144-160.
22. SCHMITZ H, BARMEYER C, FROMM M et al.: Altered tight junction structure contributes to the impaired epithelial barrier function in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology (1999) 116(2):301-309.
23. BLUMBERG RS, SAUBERMANN LJ, STROBER W: Animal models of mucosal inflammation and their relation to human inflammatory bowel disease. Curr. Opin. Immunol. (1999) 11(6):648-656.
24. SARTOR RB: The influence of normal microbial flora on the development of chronic mucosal inflammation. Res. Immunol. (1997) 148(8-9):567-576.
25. NAGURA H, OHTANI H, SASANO H, MATSUMOTO T: The immuno-inflammatory mechanism for tissue injury in inflammatory bowel disease and Helicobacter pylori-infected chronic active gastritis. Digestion (2001) 63(Suppl. 1):12-21.
26. KLOTZ U: The role of aminosalicylates at the beginning of the new millenium in the treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (2000) 56(5):353-362.
27. SANDS BE: Therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology (2000) 118(2 Suppl. 1):S68-S82.
28. NIKOLAUS S, FÖLSCH UR, SCHREIBER S: Immunopharmacology of 5-Aminosalicylic acid and of glucocorticoids in the therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. Hepato-Gastroenteral (2000) 47(31):71-82.
29. SANDS BE: Inflamatory bowel disease: novel therapies for inflamatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. (1999) 28(2):323-351.
30. SU CYG, JUDGE TA, LICHTENSTEIN GR: The role of biological therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Drugs Today (2001) 37(2):121-133.
31. VAN DEVENTER SJ: New biological therapies in inflammatory bowel disease. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. (2003) 17(1):119-130.
32. SANDBORN WJ: Strategies for targeting tumour necrosis factor in IBD. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. (2003) 17(1):105-117.
33. EVANS RC, CLARKE L, HEATH P et al.: Treatment of ulcerative colitis with an engineered human anti-TNFalpha antibody CDP571. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. (1997) 11(6):1031-1035.
34. SANDBORN WJ, FEAGAN BG, HANAUER SB et al.: An engineered human antibody to TNF (CDP571) for active Crohn's disease: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology (2001) 120(6):1330-1338.
35. RUTGEERTS P, LEMMENS L, VAN ASSCHE G et al.: Treatment of active Crohn's disease with onercept (recombinant human soluble p55 tumour necrosis factor receptor): results of a randomized, open-label, pilot study. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. (2003) 17(2):185-192.
36. SANDBORN WJ: Optimizing anti-tumor necrosis factor strategies in inflammatory bowel disease. Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. (2003) 5(6):501-505.
37. VAN DEN BRANDE JM, BRAAT H, VAN DEN BRINK GR et al.: Infliximab but not etanercept induces apoptosis in lamina propria T-lymphocytes from patients with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology (2003) 124(7):1774-1785.
38. PALLADINO MA, BAHJAT FR, THEODORAKIS EA, MOLDAWER LL: Anti-TNF-alpha therapies: the next generation. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. (2003) 2(9):736-746.
39. RUTGEERTS P, VAN DEVENTER S, SCHREIBER S: Review article: the expanding role of biological agents in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease - focus on selective adhesion molecule inhibition. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. (2003) 17(12):1435-1450.
40. SHANAHAN F: Therapeutic manipulation of gut flora. Science (2000) 289(5483):1311-1312.
41. MARTEAU PR, DE VRESE M, CELLIER CJ, SCHREZENMEIER J: Protection from gastrointestinal diseases with the use of probiotics. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. (2001) 73(Suppl.):430S-436S.
42. STEIDLER L: Genetically engineered probiotics. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. (2003) 17(5):861-876.
43. STEIDLER L, HANS W, SCHOTTE et al.: Treatment of Murine colitis by Lactococcus lactis secreting interleukin-10. Science (2000) 289(5483):1352-1355.
44. ORTOLANO GA, CAPETANDES A, WENZ B: A review of leukofiltration therapy for decreasing the morbidity associated with cardiopulmonary bypass and acute inflammatory bowel disease. Ther. Apher. (2002) 6(2):119-129.
45. KOHGO Y, ASHIDA T, MAEMOTO A, AYABE T: Leukocytapheresis for treatment of IBD. J. Gastroenterol. (2003) 38 (Suppl. 15):51-54.
46. FRIERI G, GIACOMELLI R, PIMPO M et al.: Mucosal 5-aminosalicylic acid concentration inversely correlates with severity of colonic inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis. Gut (2000) 47(3):410-414.
47. HOFER KN: Oral budesonide in the management of Crohn's disease. Ann. Pharmacother. (2003) 37(10):1457-1464.
48. KANE SV, SCHOENFELD P, SANDBORN WJ et al.: The effectiveness of budesonide therapy for Crohn's disease. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. (2002) 16(8):1509-1517.
49. BAKER DE: Budesonide modified-release capsules. Rev. Gastroenterol. Disord. (2001) 1(3):147-155.
50. FERGUSON A, CAMPIERI M, DOE W, PERSSON T, NYGARD G: Oral budesonide as maintenance therapy in Crohn's disease-results of a 12-month study. Global Budesonide Study Group. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. (1998) 12(2):175-183.
51. MCKEAGE K, GOA KL: Budesonide (Entocort EC Capsules): a review of its therapeutic use in the management of active Crohn's disease in adults. Drugs (2002) 62(15):2263-2282.
52. RIZZELLO F, GIONCHETTI P, D'ARIENZO A et al.: Oral beclometasone dipropionate in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. (2002) 16(6):1109-1116.
53. RIZZELLO F, GIONCHETTI P, GALEAZZI R et al.: Oral beclomethasone dipropionate in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis: a dose-finding study. Adv. Ther. (2001) 18(6):261-271.
54. CAMERON EA, BINNIE JA, BALAN K et al.: Oral prednisolone metasulphobenzoate in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis. Scand J. Gastroenterol. (2003) 38(5):535-537.
55. MCINTYRE PB, MACRAE FA, BERGHOUSE L, ENGLISH J, LENNARD-JONES JE: Therapeutic benefits from a poorly absorbed prednisolone enema in distal colitis. Gut (1985) 26(8):822-824.
56. HAWTHORNE AB, RECORD CO, HOLDSWORTH CD et al.: Double blind trial of oral fluticasone propionate v prednisolone in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis. Gut (1993) 34(1):125-128.
57. KARP LC, TARGAN SR: New enema treatments for inflammatory bowel disease. Dig. Dis. Sci. (1988) 33(3 Suppl.):85S-87S.
58. CHANOINE F, JUNIEN JL: Comparative pharmacokinetic studies of tixocortol pivalate and cortisol in the rat. J. Steroid Biochem. (1984) 21(4):453-459.
59. CAMPIERI M: New steroids and new salicylates in inflammatory bowel disease: a critical appraisal. Gut (2002) 50(Suppl. 3):III43-III46.
60. SCHWAB M, KLOTZ U: Pharmacokinetic considerations in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Clin. Pharmacokinet. (2001) 40(10):723-751.
61. FRIEND DR: Review article: issues in oral administration of locally acting glucocorticosteroids for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. (1998) 12(7):591-603.
62. HANAUER SB: New steroids for IBD: progress report. Gut (2002) 51(2):182-183.
63. ARDIZZONE S, PORRO GB: Comparative tolerability of therapies for ulcerative colitis. Drug Saf. (2002) 25(8):561-582.
64. SUTHERLAND L, MACDONALD JK: Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2003) (3):CD000543.
65. ZHOU SY, PIYAPOLRUNGROJ N, PAO L et al.: Regulation of paracellular absorption of cimetidine and 5-aminosalicylate in rat intestine. Pharm. Res. (1999) 16(11):1781-1785.
66. ZHOU SY, FLEISHER D, PAO LH et al.: Intestinal metabolism and transport of 5-aminosalicylate. Drug Metab. Dispos. (1999) 27(4):479-485.
67. MARSHALL JK, IRVINE EJ: Putting rectal 5-aminosalicylic acid in its place: the role in distal ulcerative colitis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. (2000) 95(7):1628-1636.
68. SANDBORN WJ, HANAUER SB: Systematic review: the pharmacokinetic profiles of oral mesalazine formulations and mesalazine pro-drugs used in the management of ulcerative colitis. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. (2003) 17(1):29-42.
69. CHOURASIA MK, JAIN SK: Pharmaceutical approaches to colon targeted drug delivery systems. J. Pharm. Sci. (2003) 6(1):33-66.
70. SHAREEF MA, KHAR RK, AHUJA A, AHMAD FJ, RAGHAVA S: Colonic drug delivery: an updated review. AAPS Pharm. Sci. (2003) 5(2):E17.
71. KINGET R, KALALA W, VERVOORT L, VAN DEN MOOTER G: Colonic drug targeting. J. Drug Target. (1998) 6(2):129-149.
72. LEOPOLD CS, EIKELER D: Basic coating polymers for the colon-specific drug delivery in inflammatory bowel disease. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. (2000) 26(12):1239-1246.
73. LAMPRECHT A, YAMAMOTO H, TAKEUCHI H, KAWASHIMA Y: Design of pH-sensitive microspheres for the colonic delivery of the immunosuppressive drug tacrolimus. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. (2004) 58(1):37-43.
74. CHENG G, AN F, ZOU MJ et al.: Time- and pH-dependent colon-specific drug delivery for orally administered diclofenac sodium and 5-aminosalicylic acid. World J. Gastroenterol. (2004) 10(12):1769-1774.
75. KHAN MZ, PREBEG Z, KURJAKOVIC N: A pH-dependent colon targeted oral drug delivery system using methacrylic acid copolymers. I. Manipulation of drug release using Eudragit L100-55 and Eudragit S100 combinations. J. Control. Release (1999) 58(2):215-222.
76. RUDOLPH MW, KLEIN S, BECKERT TE, PETEREIT H, DRESSMAN JB: A new 5-aminosalicylic acid multi-unit dosage form for the therapy of ulcerative colitis. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. (2001) 51(3):183-190.
77. RODRIGUEZ M, VILA-JATO JL, TORRES D: Design of a new multiparticulate system for potential site-specific and controlled drug delivery to the colonic region. J. Control. Release (1998) 55(1):67-77.
78. RODRIGUEZ M, ANTUNEZ JA, TABOADA C, SEIJO B, TORRES D: Colon-specific delivery of budesonide from microencapsulated cellulosic cores: evaluation of the efficacy against colonic inflammation in rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. (2001) 53(9):1207-1215.
79. GUPTA VK, ASSMUS MW, BECKERT TE, PRICE JC: A novel pH- and time-based multi-unit potential colonic drug delivery system. II. Optimization of multiple response variables. Int. J. Pharm. (2001) 213(1-2):93-102.
80. GUPTA VK, BECKERT TE, PRICE JC: A novel pH- and time-based multi-unit potential colonic drug delivery system. I. Development. Int. J. Pharm. (2001) 213(1-2):83-91.
81. BOTT C, RUDOLPH MW, SCHNEIDER AR et al.: In vivo evaluation of a novel pH- and time-based multiunit colonic drug delivery system. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. (2004) 20(3):347-353.
82. BRUNNER M, ASSANDRI R, KLETTER K et al.: Gastrointestinal transit and 5-ASA release from a new mesalazine extended-release formulation. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. (2003) 17(3):395-402.
83. SINHA VR, KUMRIA R: Microbially triggered drug delivery to the colon. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. (2003) 18(1):3-18.
84. CHOURASIA MK, JAIN SK: Polysaccharides for colon targeted drug delivery. Drug Deliv. (2004) 11(2):129-148.
85. TOZAKI H, FUJITA T, KOMOIKE J et al.: Colon-specific delivery of budesonide with azopolymer-coated pellets: therapeutic effects of budesonide with a novel dosafe form against 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid-induced colitis in rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. (1999) 51(3):257-261.
86. TOZAKI H, ODORIBA T, OKADA N et al.: Chitosan capsules for colon-specific drug delivery: enhanced localization of 5-aminosalicylic acid in the large intestine accelerates healing of TNBS-induced colitis in rats. J. Control. Release (2002) 82(1):51-61.
87. TUGCU-DEMIROZ F, ACARTURK F, TAKKA S, KONUS-BOYUNAGA O: In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of mesalazine-guar gum matrix tablets for colonic drug delivery. J. Drug Target. (2004) 12(2):105-112.
88. KRISHNAIAH YS, VEER RAJU P, DINESH KUMAR B et al.: Pharmacokinetic evaluation of guar gum-based colon-targeted oral drug delivery systems of metronidazole in healthy volunteers. Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. (2003) 28(4):287-294.
89. TURKOGLU M, UGURLU T: In vitro evaluation of pectin-HPMC compression coated 5-aminosalicylic acid tablets for colonic delivery. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopbarm. (2002) 53(1):65-73.
90. SRIAMORNSAK P, NUNTHANID J, WANCHANA S, LUANGTANA-ANAN M: Composite film-coated tablets intended for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid: using deesterified pectin. Pharm. Dev. Technol. (2003) 8(3):311-318.
91. ALVAREZ-FUENTES J, FERNANDEZ-AREVALO M, GONZALEZ-RODRIGUEZ ML, CIRRI M, MURA P: Development of enteric-coated timed-release matrix tablets for colon targeting. J. Drug Target. (2004) 12(9-10):607-612.
92. FUKUI E, MIYAMURA N, UEMURA K, KOBAYASHI M: Preparation of enteric coated timed-release press-coated tablets and evaluation of their function by in vitro and in vivo tests for colon targeting. Int. J. Pharm. (2000) 204(1-2):7-15.
93. SANGALLI ME, MARONI A, ZEMA L et al.: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of an oral system for time and/or site-specific drug delivery. J. Control. Release (2001) 73(1):103-110.
94. MURAOKA M, KIMURA G, ZHAOPENG H, TAKADA K: [Ulcerative colitis-colon delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid]. Nippon Rinsho (1998) 56(3):788-794.
95. HU Z, KIMURA G, ITO Y et al.: Technology to obtain sustained release characteristics of drugs after delivered to the colon. J. Drug Target. (1999) 6(6):439-448.
96. POZZI F, FURLANI P, GAZZANIGA A, WILDING IR: The Time Clock (R) System: a new oral dosage form for fast and complete release of drug after a predetermined lag time. J. Control. Release (1994) 31(1):99-108.
97. STEED KP, HOOPER G, MONTI N et al.: The use of pharmacoscintigraphy to focus the development strategy for a novel 5-ASA colon targeting system ('Time Clock®' system). J. Control. Release (1997) 49(2-3):115-122.
98. WILLOUGHBY CP, ARONSON JK, AGBACK H, BODIN NO, TRUELOVE SC: Distribution and metabolism in healthy volunteers of disodium azodisalicylate, a potential therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis. Gut (1982) 23(12):1081-1087.
99. BARON JH, CONNELL AM, LENNARD-JONES JE, JONES FA: Sulphasalazine and salicylazosulphadimidine in ulcerative colitis. Lancet (1962) 1:1094-1096.
100. CHAN RP, POPE DJ, GILBERT AP et al.: Studies of two novel sulfasalazine analogs, ipsalazide and balsalazide. Dig. Dis. Sci. (1983) 28(7):609-615.
101. JUNG YJ, LEE JS, KIM YM: Synthesis and in vitrolin vivo evaluation of 5-aminosalicylglycine as a colon-specific prodrug of 5-aminosalicylic acid. J. Pharm. Sci. (2000) 89(5):594-602.
102. CLERICI C, GENTILI G, BOSCHETTI E et al.: Amino acid derivatives of 5-ASA as novel prodrugs for intestinal drug delivery. Dig. Dis. Sci. (1994) 39(12):2601-2606.
103. JUNG YJ, LEE JS, KIM YM: Colon-specific prodrugs of 5-aminosalicylic acid: synthesis and in vitrol in vivo properties of acidic amino acid derivatives of 5-aminosalicylic acid. J. Pharm. Sci. (2001) 90(11):1767-1775.
104. JUNG YJ, KIM HH, KONG HS, KIM YM: Synthesis and properties of 5-aminosalicyl-taurine as a colon-specific prodrug of 5-aminosalicylic acid. Arch. Pharm. Res (2003) 26(4):264-269.
105. JUNG YJ, LEE JS, KIM HH, KIM YT, KIM YM: Synthesis and properties of dextran-5-aminosalicylic acid ester as a potential colon-specific prodrug of 5-aminosalicylic acid. Arch. Pharm. Res (1998) 21(2):179-186.
106. CAI QX, ZHU KJ, CHEN D, GAO LP: Synthesis, characterization and in vitro release of 5-aminosalicylic acid and 5-acetyl aminosalicylic acid of polyanhydride-P(CBFAS). Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. (2003) 55(2):203-208.
107. DAVARAN S, HANAEE J, KHOSRAVI A: Release of 5-amino salicylic acid from acrylic type polymeric prodrugs designed for colon-specific drug delivery. J. Control. Release (1999) 58(3):279-287.
108. WIWATTANAPATAPEE R, LOMLIM L, SARAMUNEE K: Dendrimers conjugates for colonic delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid. J. Control. Release (2003) 88(1):1-9.
109. NIGOVIC B, MANDIC Z, SIMUNIC B, FISTRIC I: Voltammetric studies of 2-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]benzoic acid as a novel prodrug of 5-aminosalicylic acid. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. (2001) 26(5-6):987-994.
110. CARCELLER E, SALAS J, MERLOS M et al.: Novel azo derivatives as prodrugs of 5-aminosalicylic acid and amino derivatives with potent platelet activating factor antagonist activity. J. Med. Chem. (2001) 44(18):3001-3013.
111. FRIEND DR, CHANG GW: A colon-specific drug-delivery system based on drug glycosides and the glycosidases of colonic bacteria. J. Med. Chem. (1984) 27(3):261-266.
112. TOZER TN, RIGOD J, MCLEOD AD et al.: Colon-specific delivery of dexamethasone from a glucoside prodrug in the guinea pig. Pharm. Res. (1991) 8(4):445-454.
113. FEDORAK RN, HAEBERLIN B, EMPEY LR et al.: Colonic delivery of dexamethasone from a prodrug accelerates healing of colitis in rats without adrenal suppression. Gastroenterology (1995) 108(6):1688-1699.
114. MCLEOD AD, FEDORAK RN, FRIEND DR, TOZER TN, CUI N: A glucocorticoid prodrug facilitates normal mucosal function in rat colitis without adrenal suppression. Gastroenterology (1994) 106(2):405-413.
115. NOLEN H 3RD, FEDORAK RN, FRIEND DR: Budesonide-beta-D-glucuronide: a potential prodrug for treatment of ulcerative colitis. J. Pharm. Sci. (1995) 84(6):677-681.
116. YANO H, HIRAYAMA F, ARIMA H, UEKAMA K: Prednisolone-appended alpha-cyclodextrin: alleviation of systemic adverse effect of prednisolone after intracolonic administration in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis rats. J. Pharm. Sci. (2001) 90(12):2103-2112.
117. YANO H, HIRAYAMA F, KAMADA M, ARIMA H, UEKAMA K: Colon-specific delivery of prednisolone-appended alpha-cyclodextrin conjugate: alleviation of systemic side effect after oral administration. J. Control. Release (2002) 79(1-3):103-112.
118. DOH MJ, JUNG YJ, KIM I, KONG HS, KIM YM: Synthesis and in vitro properties of prednisolone 21-sulfate sodium as a colon-specific prodrug of prednisolone. Arch. Pharm. Res (2003) 26(4):258-263.
119. MCCLEAN S, PROSSER E, MEEHAN E et al.: Binding and uptake of biodegradable poly-DL-lactide micro- and nanoparticles in intestinal epithelia. Eur J. Pharm. Sci. (1998) 6(2):153-163.
120. DESAI MP, LABHASETWAR V, AMIDON GL, LEVY RJ: Gastrointestinal uptake of biodegradable microparticles: effect of particle size. Pharm. Res. (1996) 13(12):1838-1845.
121. LAMPRECHT A, SCHAFER U, LEHR CM: Size-dependent bioadhesion of micro- and nanoparticulate carriers to the inflamed colonic mucosa. Pharm. Res. (2001) 18(6):788-793.
122. NAKASE H, OKAZAKI K, TABATA Y et al.: Development of an oral drug delivery system targeting immune-regulating cells in experimental inflammatory bowel disease: a new therapeutic strategy. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (2000) 292(1):15-21.
123. NAKASE H, OKAZAKI K, TABATA Y et al.: An oral drug delivery system targeting immune-regulating cells ameliorates mucosal injury in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (2001) 297(3):1122-1128.
124. OKAZAKI K, NAKASE H, WATANABE N et al.: Intestinal drug delivery systems with biodegradable microspheres targeting mucosal immune-regulating cells for chronic inflammatory colitis. J. Gastroenterol. (2002) 37(Suppl. 14):44-52.
125. NAKASE H, OKAZAKI K, TABATA Y et al.: New cytokine delivery system using gelatin microspheres containing interleukin-10 for experimental inflammatory bowel disease. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (2002) 301(1):59-65.
126. LAMPRECHT A, UBRICH N, YAMAMOTO H et al.: Biodegradable nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (2001) 299(2):775-781.
127. ROGERS JA, ANDERSON KE: The potential of liposomes in oral drug delivery. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst. (1998) 15(5):421-480.
128. ZHOU SY, FLEISHER D, WEINER N, ZIMMERMANN EM: Oral liposomes as a drug delivery system for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology (1998) 114(4):A1124-A1124.
129. ZHOU SY, ZIMMERMANN EM, PAO LH et al.: Oral liposomal drug delivery system for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology (1997) 112(4):A1127-A1127.
130. ZHOU SY, FLEISHER D, WEINER N, ZIMMERMANN E: Lumenal liposomes preferentially target drugs to inflamed intestinal tissue. Gastroenterology (1999) 116(4):A852-A852.
131. JUBEH TT, BARENHOLZ Y, RUBINSTEIN A: Differential adhesion of normal and inflamed rat colonic mucosa by charged liposomes. Pharm. Res. (2004) 21(3):447-453.
132. WOODLEY JF: Liposomes for oral administration of drugs. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst. (1985) 2(1):1-18.
133. SEHGAL S, ROGERS JA: Polymer-coated liposomes: improved liposome stability and release of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). J. Microencapsul. (1995) 12(1):37-47.
134. VENKATESAN N, VYAS SP: Polysaccharide coated liposomes for oral immunization-development and characterization. Int. J. Pharm. (2000) 203(1-2):169-177.
135. WU ZH, PING QN, WEI Y, LAI JM: Hypoglycemic efficacy of chitosan-coated insulin liposomes after oral administration in mice. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. (2004) 25(7):966-972.
136. IWANAGA K, ONO S, NARIOKA K et al.: Application of surface-coated liposomes for oral delivery of peptide: effects of coating the liposome's surface on the GI transit of insulin. J. Pharm. Sci. (1999) 88(2):248-252.
137. OKADA J, COHEN S, LANGER R: In vitro evaluation of polymerized liposomes as an oral drug delivery system. Pharm. Res. (1995) 12(4):576-582.
138. CHEN H, TORCHILIN V, LANGER R: Lectin-bearing polymerized liposomes as potential oral vaccine carriers. Pharm. Res. (1996) 13(9)-1378-1383.
139. AZMIN MN, FLORENCE AT, HANDJANI-VILA RM et al.: The effect of non-ionic surfactant vesicle (niosome) entrapment on the absorption and distribution of methotrexate in mice. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. (1985) 37(4):237-242.
140. VARSHOSAZ J, PARDAKHTY A, HAJHASHEMI VI, NAJAFABADI AR: Development and physical characterization of sorbitan monoester niosomes for insulin oral delivery. Drug Deliv. (2003) 10(4):251-262.
141. D'SOUZA SA, RAY J, PANDEY S, UDUPA N: Absorption of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin when administered as niosome-encapsulated inclusion complexes. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. (1997) 49(2):145-149.
142. AWASTHI VD, GOINS B, KLIPPER R, PHILLIPS WT: Accumulation of PEG-liposomes in the inflamed colon of rats: potential for therapeutic and diagnostic targeting of inflammatory bowel diseases. J. Drug Target. (2002) 10(5):419-427.
143. SAKUMA S, LU ZR, KOPECKOVA P, KOPECEK J: Biorecognizable HPMA copolymer-drug conjugates for colon-specific delivery of 9-aminocamptothecin. J. Control Release (2001) 75(3):365-379.
144. PIMIENTA C, LENAERTS V, CADIEUX C et al.: Mucoadhesion of hydroxypropylmethacrylate nanoparticles to rat intestinal ileal segments in vitro. Pharm. Res. (1990) 7(1):49-53.
145. TIROSH B, RUBINSTEIN A: Migration of adhesive and nonadhesive particles in the rat intestine under altered mucus secretion conditions. J. Pharm. Sci. (1998) 87(4):453-456.
146. LEITNER VM, MARSCHUTZ MK, BERNKOP-SCHNURCH A: Mucoadhesive and cohesive properties of poly(acrylic acid)-cysteine conjugates with regard to their molecular mass. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. (2003) 18(1):89-96.
147. GABOR F, BOGNER E, WEISSENBOECK A, WIRTH M: The lectin-call interaction and its implications to intestinal lectin-mediated drug delivery. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. (2004) 56(4):459-480.
148. MINKO T: Drug targeting to the colon with lectins and neoglycoconjugates. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. (2004) 56(4):491-509.
149. LAVELLE EC: Targeted delivery of drugs to the gastrointestinal tract. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst. (2001) 18(4):341-386.
150. WIRTH M, GERHARDT K, WURM C, GABOR F: Lectin-mediated drug delivery: influence of mucin on cytoadhesion of plant lectins in vitro. J. Control. Release (2002) 79(1-3):183-191.
151. GABOR F, STANGL M, WIRTH M: Lectin-mediated bioadhesion: binding characteristics of plant lectins on the enterocyte-like cell lines Caco-2, HT-29 and HCT-8. J. Control. Release (1998) 55(2-3):131-142.
152. BRAAT H, PEPPELENBOSCH MP, HOMMES DW: Interleukin-10-based therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. (2003) 3(5):725-731.
153. LI MC, HE SH: IL-10 and its related cytokines for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. World J. Gastroenterol. (2004) 10(5):620-625.
154. LINDSAY JO, HODGSON HJ: Review article: the immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin-10-a therapy for Crohn's disease? Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. (2001) 15(11):1709-1716.
155. WIRTZ S, BECKER C, BLUMBERG R, GALLE PR, NEURATH MF: Treatment of T cell-dependent experimental colitis in SCID mice by local administration of an adenovirus expressing IL-18 antisense mRNA. J. Immunol. (2002) 168(1):411-420.
156. HOGABOAM CM, VALLANCE BA, KUMAR A et al.: Therapeutic effects of interleukin-4 gene transfer in experimental inflammatory bowel disease. J. Clin. Invest. (1997) 100(11):2766-2776.
157. BARBARA G, XING Z, HOGABOAM CM, GAULDIE J, COLLINS SM: Interleukin 10 gene transfer prevents experimental colitis in rats. Gut (2000) 46(3):344-349.
158. LINDSAY J, VAN MONTFRANS C, BRENNAN F et al.: IL- 10 gene therapy prevents TNBS-induced colitis. Gene Ther. (2002) 9(24):1715-1721.
159. LINDSAY JO, CIESIELSKI CJ, SCHEININ T, HODGSON HJ, BRENNAN FM: The prevention and treatment of murine colitis using gene therapy with adenoviral vectors encoding IL-10. J. Immunol. (2001) 166(12):7625-7633.
160. LINDSAY JO, CIESIELSKI CJ, SCHEININ T, BRENNAN FM, HODGSON HJ: Local delivery of adenoviral vectors encoding routine interleukin 10 induces colonic interleukin 10 production and is therapeutic for murine colitis. Gut (2003) 52(3):363-369.
161. KITANI A, FUSS IJ, NAKAMURA K et al.: Treatment of experimental (Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid) colitis by intranasal administration of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 plasmid: TGF-beta1-mediated suppression of T helper cell Type 1 response occurs by interleukin (IL)-10 induction and IL-12 receptor beta2 chain downregulation. J. Exp. Med. (2000) 192(1):41-52.
162. WIRTZ S, NEURATH MF: Gene transfer approaches for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Gene Ther. (2003) 10(10):854-860.
163. WIRTZ S, NEURATH MF: Inflammatory bowel disorders: gene therapy solutions. Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. (2003) 5(5):495-502.