Structure, Function, And Regulation Of Budding Yeast Kinetochores

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology

Volumn 19, Issue , 2003, Pages 519-539

  McAinsh, Andrew D ^a   Tytell, Jessica D ^a   Sorger, Peter K ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Centromere; Chromosome segregation; Microtubules; Mitosis; Mitotic spindle

Indexed keywords

FUNGAL PROTEIN;

BIOSENSOR; BUDDING; CELL ADHESION; CELL FUNCTION; CELL ORGANELLE; CELL STRUCTURE; CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE; CENTROMERE; CHROMOSOME; COMPLEX FORMATION; CONFERENCE PAPER; EUKARYOTE; FORCE; MICROTUBULE; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGULATORY MECHANISM; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; YEAST CELL;

CELL DIVISION; CENTROSOME; CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION; GENES, CDC; KINETOCHORES; MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES; MICROTUBULES; MITOTIC SPINDLE APPARATUS; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE;

EUKARYOTA; SACCHAROMYCES; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; SACCHAROMYCETALES;

EID: 0345255913     PISSN: 10810706     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.19.111301.155607     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (123)

1. Adams IR, Kilmartin JV. 2000. Spindle pole body duplication: a model for centrosome duplication? Trends Cell Biol. 10:329-35
2. Amon A. 1999. The spindle checkpoint. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 9:69-75
3. Berlin V, Styles CA, Fink GR. 1990. BIK1, a protein required for microtubule function during mating and mitosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, colocalizes with tubulin. J. Cell Biol. 111:2573-86
4. Biggins S, Severin FF, Bhalla N, Sassoon I, Hyman AA, Murray AW. 1999. The conserved protein kinase Ip11 regulates microtubule binding to kinetochores in budding yeast. Genes Dev. 13:532-44
5. Bloom K. 1993. The centromere frontier: kinetochore components, microtubule-based motility, and the CEN-value paradox. Cell 73:621-24
6. Bloom K. 2000. It's a kar9ochore to capture microtubules. Nat. Cell Biol. 2:E96-98
7. Boveri T. 1907. Zellenstudien VI: Die Entwicklung dispermer Seeigelier. Ein Beitrag zur Befruchtungslehre und zur Theorie des Kernes. Nature 43:1-292
8. Buvelot S, Tatsutani SY, Vermaak D, Biggins S. 2003. The budding yeast Ip11/Aurora protein kinase regulates mitotic spindle disassembly. J. Cell Biol. 160:329-39
9. Cai M, Davis RW. 1990. Yeast centromere binding protein CBF1, of the helix-loop-helix protein family, is required for chromosome stability and methionine prototrophy. Cell 61:437-46
10. Cheeseman IM, Anderson S, Jwa M, Green EM, Kang J, et al. 2002a. Phospho-regulation of kinetochore-microtubule attachments by the Aurora kinase Ip11p. Cell 111:163-72
11. Cheeseman IM, Drubin DB, Barnes G. 2002b. Simple centromere, complex kinetochore: linking spindle microtubules and centromeric DNA in budding yeast. J. Cell Biol. 157:199-203
12. Cheeseman IM, Enquist-Newman M, Muller-Reichert T, Drubin DG, Barnes G. 2001. Mitotic spindle integrity and kinetochore function linked by the Duo1p/Dam1p complex. J. Cell Biol. 152:197-212
13. Choo KHA. 2001. Domain organization at the centromere and neocentromere. Dev. Cell 1:165-177
14. Clarke L, Carbon J. 1980. Isolation of a yeast centromere and construction of functional small circular chromosomes. Nature 287: 504-9
15. Connelly C, Hieter P. 1996. Budding yeast SKP1 encodes an evolutionary conserved kinetochore protein required for cell cycle progression. Cell 86:275-85
16. Cottarel G, Shero JH, Hieter P, Hegemann JH. 1989. A 125-base-pair CEN6 DNA fragment is sufficient for complete meiotic and mitotic centromere functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell Biol. 9:3342-49
17. Cottingham FR, Hoyt MA. 1997. Mitotic spindle positioning in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is accomplished by antagonistically acting micro tubule motor proteins. J. Cell Biol. 138:1041-53
18. Coue M, Lombillo VA. McIntosh JR. 1991. Microtubule depolymerization promotes particle and chromosome movement in vitro. J. Cell Biol. 112:1165-75
19. Cytrynbaum EN, Scholey JM, Mogilner A. 2003. A force balance model of early spindle pole separation in Drosophila embryos. Biophys. J. 84:757-69
20. DeLuca JG, Moree B, Hickey JM, Kilmartin JV, Salmon ED. 2002. hNuf2 inhibition blocks stable kinetochore-microtubule attachment and induces mitotic cell death in HeLa cells. J. Cell Biol. 159:549-55
21. Desai A, Verma S, Mitchison TJ, Walczak CE. 1999. Kin I kinesins are microtubule-destabilizing enzymes. Cell 96:69-78
22. Doheny KF, Sorger PK, Hyman AA, Tugendreich S, Spencer F, Hieter P. 1993. Identification of essential components of the S. cerevisiae kinetochore. Cell 73:761-74
23. Enquist-Newman M, Cheeseman IM, Van Goor D, Drubin DG, Meluh PB, Barnes G. 2001. Dad1p, third component of the Duo1p/Dam1p complex involved in kinetochore function and mitotic spindle integrity. Mol. Biol. Cell 12:2601-13
24. Espelin CW, Kaplan KB, Sorger PK. 1997. Probing the architecture of a simple kinetochore using DNA-protein crosslinking. J. Cell Biol. 139:1383-96
25. Espelin CW, Simons KT, Harrison SC, Sorger PK. 2003. Binding of the essential S. cerevisiae kinetochore protein Ndc 10p to CDEII. Mol. Biol. Cell. In press
26. Euskirchen GM. 2002. Nnf1p, Dsn1p, Mtw1p, and Ns11p: a new group of proteins important for chromosome segregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eukaryot. Cell 1:229-40
27. Fitzgerald-Hayes M, Clarke L, Carbon J. 1982. Nucleotide sequence comparisons and functional analysis of yeast centromere DNAs. Cell 29:235-44
28. Gard DL, Kirschner MW. 1987. A microtubule-associated protein from Xenopus eggs that specifically promotes assembly at the plus end. J. Cell Biol. 105:2203-15
29. Gardner RD, Poddar A, Yellman C, Tavormina PA, Monteagudo MC, Burke DJ. 2001. The spindle checkpoint of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires kinetochore function and maps to the CBF3 domain. Genetics 157:1493-502
30. Goh PY, Kilmartin JV. 1993. NDC10: a gene involved in chromosome segregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Biol. 121: 503-12
31. Goldstein LS, Philp AV. 1999. The road less traveled: emerging principles of kinesin motor utilization. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 15: 141-83
32. Gordon DM, Roof DM. 2001. Degradation of the kinesin Kip1p at anaphase onset is mediated by the anaphase-promoting complex and Cdc20p. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 12515-20
33. Goshima G, Kiyomitsu T, Yoda K, Yanagida M. 2003. Human centromere chromatin protein hMis12, essential for equal segregation, is independent of CENP-A loading pathway. J. Cell Biol. 160:25-39
34. Goshima G, Yanagida M. 2000. Establishing biorientation occurs with precocious separation of the sister kinetochores, but not the arms, in the early spindle of budding yeast. Cell 100:619-33
35. Guacci V, Hogan E, Koshland D. 1997. Centromere position in budding yeast: evidence for anaphase A. Mol. Biol. Cell 8:957-72
36. Hartwell LH, Dutcher SK, Wood JS, Garvick B. 1982. The fidelity of mitotic chromosome reproduction in S. cerevisiae. Rec. Adv. Yeast Mol. Biol. 1:28-38
37. Hays TS, Salmon ED. 1990. Poleward force at the kinetochore in metaphase depends on the number of kinetochore microtubules. J. Cell Biol. 110:391-404
38. He X, Asthana S, Sorger PK. 2000. Transient sister chromatid separation and elastic deformation of chromosomes during mitosis in budding yeast. Cell 101:763-75
39. He X, Rines DR, Espelin CW, Sorger PK. 2001. Molecular analysis of kinetochore-microtubule attachment in budding yeast. Cell 106:195-206
40. Heald R, Walczak CE. 1999. Microtubule-based motor function in mitosis. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 9:268-74
41. Heus JJ, Zonneveld BJ, Steensma HY, Van den Berg JA. 1990. Centromeric DNA of Kluyveromyces lactis. Curr. Genet. 18:517-22
42. Hildebrandt ER, Hoyt MA. 2000. Mitotic motors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1496:99-116
43. Hildebrandt ER, Hoyt MA. 2001. Cell cycle-dependent degradation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae spindle motor Cin8p requires APC(Cdh1) and a bipartite destruction sequence. Mol. Biol. Cell 12:3402-16
44. Hoffman DB, Pearson CG, Yen TJ, Howell BJ, Salmon ED. 2001. Microtubule-dependent changes in assembly of microtubule motor proteins and mitotic spindle checkpoint proteins at PtK1 kinetochores. Mol. Biol. Cell 12:1995-2009
45. Hofmann C, Cheeseman IM, Goode BL, McDonald KL, Barnes G, Drubin DG. 1998. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Duo1p and Dam1p, novel proteins involved in mitotic spindle function. J. Cell Biol. 143:1029-40
46. Hori T, Haraguchi T, Hiraoka Y, Kimura H, Kukagawa T. 2003. Dynamic behavior of Nuf2-Hec1 complex that localizes to the centrosome and centromere and is essential for mitotic progression in vertebrate cells. J. Cell Sci. 116:3347-62
47. Howe M, McDonald KL, Albertson DG, Meyer BJ. 2001. HIM-10 is required for kinetochore structure and function on Caenorhabditis elegans holocentric chromosomes. J. Cell Biol. 153:1227-38
48. Hoyt MA, Totis L, Roberts BT. 1991. S. cerevisiae genes required for cell cycle arrest in response to loss of microtubule function. Cell 66:507-17
49. Hunt AJ, McIntosh JR. 1998. The dynamic behavior of individual microtubules associated with chromosomes in vitro. Mol. Biol. Cell: 2857-71
50. Hyland KM, Kingsbury J, Koshland D, Hieter P. 1999. Ctf19p: A novel kinetochore protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a potential link between the kinetochore and mitotic spindle. J. Cell Biol. 145:15-28
51. Hyman AA, Middleton K, Centola M, Mitchison TJ, Carbon J. 1992. Microtubule-motor activity of a yeast centromere-binding protein complex. Nature 359:533-36
52. Hyman AA, Sorger PK. 1995. Structure and function of kinetochores in budding yeast. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 11:471-95
53. Iouk T, Kerscher O, Scott RJ, Basrai MA, Wozniak RW. 2002. The yeast nuclear pore complex functionally interacts with components of the spindle assembly checkpoint. J. Cell Biol. 159:807-19
54. Janke C, Ortiz J, Lechner J, Shevchenko A, Magiera MM, et al. 2001. The budding yeast proteins Spc24p and Spc25p interact with Ndc80p and Nuf2p at the kinetochore and are important for kinetochore clustering and checkpoint control. EMBO J. 20:777-91
55. Janke C, Ortiz J, Tanaka TU, Lechner J, Schiebel E. 2002. Four new subunits of the Dam1-Duo1 complex reveal novel functions in sister kinetochore biorientation. EMBO J. 21:181-93
56. Jin QW, Fuchs J, Loidl J. 2000. Centromere clustering is a major determinant of yeast interphase nuclear organization. J. Cell Sci. 113:1903-12
57. Jones MH, Bachant JB, Castillo AR, Giddings TH Jr, Winey M. 1999. Yeast Dam1p is required to maintain spindle integrity during mitosis and interacts with the Mps1p kinase. Mol. Biol. Cell. 10:2377-91
58. Jones MH, He X, Giddings TH, Winey M. 2001. Yeast Dam1p has a role at the kinetochore in assembly of the mitotic spindle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98:13675-80
59. Kaplan KB, Hyman AA, Sorger PK. 1997. Regulating the yeast kinetochore by ubiquitin-dependent degradation and Skp1p-mediated phosphorylation. Cell 91:491-500
60. Keith KC, Baker RE, Chen Y, Harris K, Stoler S, Fitzgerald-Hayes M. 1999. Analysis of primary structural determinants that distinguish the centromere-specific function of histone variant Cse4p from histone H3. Mol. Cell Biol. 19:6130-39
61. Kelly TJ, Martin GS, Forsburg SL, Stephen RJ, Russo A, Nurse P. 1993. The fission yeast cdc18+ gene product couples S phase to START and mitosis. Cell 74:371-82
62. Kirschner MW, Mitchison T. 1986. Microtubule dynamics. Nature 324:621
63. Kitagawa K, Abdulle R, Bansal PK, Cagney G, Fields S, Hieter P. 2003. Requirement of skp1-bub1 interaction for kinetochore-mediated activation of the spindle checkpoint. Mol. Cell 11:1201-13
64. Kline-Smith SL, Walczak CE. 2002. The microtubule-destabilizing kinesin XKCM1 regulates microtubule dynamic instability in cells. Mol. Biol. Cell 13:2718-31
65. Kosco KA, Pearson CG, Maddox PS, Wang PJ, Adams IR, et al. 2001. Control of microtubule dynamics by Stu2p is essential for spindle orientation and metaphase chromosome alignment in yeast. Mol. Biol. Cell. 12: 2870-80
66. Koshland DE, Mitchison TJ, Kirschner MW. 1988. Polewards chromosome movement driven by microtubule depolymerization in vitro. Nature 331:499-504
67. Lechner J, Carbon J. 1991. A 240 kd multi-subunit protein complex, CBF3, is a major component of the budding yeast centromere. Cell 64:717-25
68. Li R, Murray AW 1991. Feedback control of mitosis in budding yeast. Cell 66:519-31
69. Li Y, Bachant J, Alcasabas AA, Wang Y, Qin J, Elledge SJ. 2002. The mitotic spindle is required for loading of the DASH complex onto the kinetochore. Genes Dev. 16:183-97
70. Lin H, Choi JH, Hasek J, DeLillo N, Lou W, Vancura A. 2000. Phospholipase C is involved in kinetochore function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell Biol. 20:3597-607
71. Lin H, de Carvalho P, Kho D, Tai CY, Pierre P, et al. 2001. Polyploids require Bik1 for kinetochore-microtubule attachment. J. Cell Biol. 155:1173-84
72. Maddox PS, Bloom KS, Salmon ED. 2000. The polarity and dynamics of microtubule assembly in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nat. Cell Biol 2:36-41
73. Malik HS, Henikoff S. 2002. Conflict begets complexity: the evolution of centromeres. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 12:711-18
74. Maney T, Ginkel LM, Hunter AW, Wordeman L. 2000. The kinetochore of higher eucaryotes: a molecular view. Int. Rev. Cytol. 194:67-131
75. Martinez-Exposito MJ, Kaplan KB, Copeland J, Sorger PK. 1999. Retention of the BUB3 checkpoint protein on lagging chromosomes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:8493-98
76. Martin-Lluesma S, Stucke VM, Nigg EA. 2002. Role of Hec1 in spindle checkpoint signaling and kinetochore recruitment of Mad1/Mad2. Science 297:2267-70
77. McCleland ML, Gardner RD, Kallio MJ, Daum JR, Gorbsky GJ, et al. 2003. The highly conserved Ndc80 complex is required for kinetochore assembly, chromosome congression, and spindle checkpoint activity. Genes Dev. 17:101-14
78. McIntosh JR, Grishchuk EL, West RR. 2002. Chromosome-microtubule interactions dur ing mitosis. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 18: 193-219
79. Measday V, Hailey DW, Pot I, Givan SA, Hyland KM, et al. 2002. Ctf3p, the Mis6 budding yeast homolog, interacts with Mcm22p and Mcm16p at the yeast outer kinetochore. Genes Dev. 16:101-13
80. Meluh PB, Koshland D. 1997. Budding yeast centromere composition and assembly as revealed by in vivo cross-linking. Genes Dev. 11:3401-12
81. Meluh PB, Yang P, Glowczewski L, Koshland D, Smith MM. 1998.Cse4p is a component of the core centromere of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell 94:607-13
82. Michaelis C, Ciosk R, Nasmyth K. 1997. Cohesins: chromosomal proteins that prevent premature separation of sister chromatids. Cell 91:35-45
83. Middleton K, Carbon J. 1994. KAR3-encoded kinesin is a minus-end-directed motor that functions with centromere binding proteins (CBF3) on an in vitro yeast kinetochore. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:7212-16
84. Miller RK, Cheng SC, Rose MD. 2000. Bim1p/ Yeb1p mediates the Kar9p-dependent cortical attachment of cytoplasmic microtubules. Mol. Biol. Cell 11:2949-59
85. Newman JR, Wolf E, Kim PS. 2000. A computationally directed screen identifying interacting coiled coils from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97:13203-8
86. Ng R, Ness J, Carbon J. 1986. Structural studies on centromeres in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Basic Life Sci. 40:479-92
87. Ortiz J, Stemmann O, Rank S, Lechner J. 1999. A putative protein complex consisting of Ctf19, Mcm21, and Okp1 represents a missing link in the budding yeast kinetochore. Genes Dev. 13:1140-55
88. O'Toole ET, Winey M, McIntosh JR. 1999. High-voltage electron tomography of spindle pole bodies and early mitotic spindles in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Biol. Cell 10:2017-31
89. Peters JM. 2002. The anaphase-promoting complex: proteolysis in mitosis and beyond. Mol. Cell 9:931-43
90. Peterson JB, Ris HJ. 1976. Electron-microscopic study of the spindle and chromosome movement in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Sci. 22:219-42
91. Piatti S, Lengauer C, Nasmyth K. 1995. Cdc6 is an unstable protein whose de novo synthesis in G1 is important for the onset of S phase and for preventing a "reductional" anaphase in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EMBO J. 14:3788-99
92. Pot I, Measday V, Snydsman B, Cagney G, Fields S, et al. 2003. Ch14p and Im13p are two new members of the budding yeast outer kinetochore. Mol. Biol. Cell 14:460-76
93. Rieder CL, Cole RW, Khodjakov A, Sluder G. 1995. Delaying anaphase in response to chromosome monoorientation is mediated by an inhibitory signal produced by unattached kinetochores. J. Cell Biol. 130:941-48
94. Rieder CL, Davison EA, Jensen LC, Cassimeris L, Salmon ED. 1986. Oscillatory movements of monooriented chromosomes and their position relative to the spindle pole result from the ejection properties of the aster and half-spindle. J. Cell Biol. 103:581-91
95. Rieder CL, Salmon ED. 1998. The vertebrate cell kinetochore and its roles during mitosis. Trends Cell Biol. 8:310-18
96. Russell ID, Grancell AS, Sorger PK. 1999. The unstable F-box protein p58-Ctf13 forms the structural core of the CBF3 kinetochore complex. J. Cell Biol. 145:933-50
97. Schwartz K, Richards K, Botstein D. 1997. BIM1 encodes a microtubule-binding protein in yeast. Mol. Biol. Cell 8:2677-91
98. Sharp JA, Franco AA, Osley MA, Kaufman PD. 2002. Chromatin assembly factor I and Hir proteins contribute to building functional kinetochores in S. cerevisiae. Genes Dev. 16:85-100
99. Shelby RD, Hahn KM, Sullivan KF. 1996. Dynamic elastic behavior of alpha-satellite DNA domains visualized in situ in living human cells. J. Cell Biol. 135:545-57
100. Sorger PK, Severin FF, Hyman AA. 1994. Factors required for the binding of reassembled yeast kinetochores to microtubules in vitro. J. Cell Biol. 127:995-1008
101. Stemmann O, Neidig A, Kocher T, Wilm M, Lechner J. 2002. Hsp90 enables Ctf13p/ Skp1p to nucleate the budding yeast kinetochore. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:8585-90
102. Stern BM, Murray AW. 2001. Lack of tension at kinetochores activates the spindle checkpoint in budding yeast. Curr. Biol. 11:1462-67
103. Stoler S, Keith KC, Curnick KE, Fitzgerald-Hayes M. 1995. A mutation in CSE4, an essential gene encoding a novel chromatin-associated protein in yeast, causes chromosome nondisjunction and cell cycle arrest at mitosis. Genes Dev. 9:573-86
104. Straight AF, Marshall WF, Sedat JW, Murray AW. 1997. Mitosis in living budding yeast: anaphase A but no metaphase plate. Science 277:574-78
105. Struhl K. 2001. Gene regulation. A paradigm for precision. Science 293:1054-55
106. Strunnikov AV, Kingsbury J, Koshland. 1995. CEP3 encodes a centromere protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Biol. 128: 749-60
107. Sullivan M, Lehane C, Uhlmann F. 2001. Orchestrating anaphase and mitotic exit: separase cleavage and localization of S1k19. Nat. Cell Biol. 3:771-77
108. Sutton WS. 1903. The chromosomes in heredity. Biol. Bull. 4:231-51
109. Takahashi K, Chen ES, Yanagida M. 2000. Requirement of Mis6 centromere connector for localizing a CENP-A-like protein in fission yeast. Science 288:2215-19
110. Tanaka T, Fuchs J, Loidl J, Nasmyth K. 2000. Cohesin ensures bipolar attachment of microtubules to sister centromeres and resists their precocious separation. Nat. Cell Biol. 2:492-99
111. Tanaka TU, Rachidi N, Janke C, Pereira G, Galova M, et al. 2002. Evidence that the Ip11-Sli15 (Aurora kinase-INCENP) complex promotes chromosome bi-orientation by altering kinetochore-spindle pole connections. Cell 108:317-29
112. Thomann D, Rines DR, Sorger PK, Danuser G. 2002. Automatic fluorescent tag detection in 3D with super-resolution: application to the analysis of chromosome movement. J. Microsc. 208:49-64
113. Tirnauer JS, Canman JC, Salmon ED, Mitchison TJ. 2002a. EB1 targets to kinetochores with attached polymerizing microtubules. Mol. Biol. Cell 13:4308-16
114. Tirnauer JS, Grego S, Salmon ED, Mitchison TJ. 2002b. EB1-microtubule interactions in Xenopus egg extracts: role of EB1 in microtubule stabilization and mechanisms of targeting to microtubule. Mol. Biol. Cell 12: 3614-26
115. Tournebize R, Popov A, Kinoshita K, Ashford AJ, Rybina S, et al. 2000. Control of microtubule dynamics by the antagonistic activities of XMAP215 and XKCM1 in Xenopus egg extracts. Nat. Cell Biol. 2:13-19
116. Van Breugel M, Drechsel D, Hyman A. 2003. Stu2p, the budding yeast member of the conserved Dis1/SMAP215 family of microtubule-associated proteins is a plus end-binding microtubule destabilizer. J. Cell Biol. 161:359-69
117. Vasquez RJ, Gard DL, Cassimeris L. 1994. XMAP from Xenopus eggs promotes rapid plus end assembly of microtubules and rapid microtubule polymer turnover. J. Cell Biol. 127:985-93
118. Walczak CE, Mitchison TJ, Desai A. 1996. XKCM1: a Xenopus kinesin-related protein that regulates microtubule dynamics during mitotic spindle assembly. Cell 84:37-47
119. Wang PJ, Huffaker TC. 1997. Stu2p: A microtubule-binding protein that is an essential component of the yeast spindle pole body. J. Cell Biol. 139:1271-80
120. Weiss E, Winey M. 1996. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae spindle pole body duplication gene MPS1 is part of a mitotic checkpoint. J. Cell Biol. 132:111-23
121. Wigge PA, Kilmartin JV. 2001. The Ndc80p complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains conserved centromere components and has a function in chromosome segregation. J Cell Biol. 152:349-60
122. Zeng X, Kahana JA, Silver PA, Morphew MK, McIntosh JR, et al. 1999. S1k19p is a centromere protein that functions to stabilize mitotic spindles. J. Cell Biol. 146:415-25
123. Zheng L, Chen Y, Lee WH. 1999. Hec1p, an evolutionarily conserved coiled-coil protein, modulates chromosome segregation through interaction with SMC proteins. Mol. Cell Biol. 19:5417-28