메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 41-67

Pain and cannabinoids: Science and evidence

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

2 ARACHIDONOYLGLYCEROL; 2,3 DIHYDRO 5 METHYL 3 (MORPHOLINOMETHYL) 6 (1 NAPHTHOYL)PYRROLO[1,2,3 DE][1,4]BENZOXAZINE; 4 (1,1 DIMETHYLHEPTYL) 1',2',3',4',5',6' HEXAHYDRO 2,3' DIHYDROXY 6' (3 HYDROXYPROPYL)BIPHENYL; 5 (4 CHLORO 3 METHYLPHENYL) 1 (4 METHYLBENZYL) N (1,3,3 TRIMETHYLBICYCLO[2.2.1]HEPTAN 2 YL) 3 PYRAZOLECARBOXAMIDE; ADENYLATE CYCLASE; ANALGESIC AGENT; ANANDAMIDE; BENZOPYRANOPERIDINE; CANNABINOID; CANNABINOID 1 RECEPTOR; CANNABINOID 2 RECEPTOR; CANNABINOID RECEPTOR; CANNABINOID RECEPTOR AGONIST; CANNABINOL DERIVATIVE; CANNABIS; CODEINE; DEXANABINOL; DOCOSATETRAENOYLETHANOLAMIDE; DRONABINOL; FATTY ACID AMIDASE; GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN; HERBACEOUS AGENT; ION CHANNEL; LEVONANTRADOL; MORPHINE; N (4 HYDROXYPHENYL)ARACHIDONAMIDE; NOLADIN ETHER; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PALMIDROL; RIMONABANT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 0344823856     PISSN: 09681302     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1191/0968130202pr188ra     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (15)

References (194)
  • 2
    • 0033660254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A historical overview of chemical research on cannabinoids
    • Mechoulam R, Hanuš L. A historical overview of chemical research on cannabinoids. Chem Phys Lipids 2000; 108: 1-13.
    • (2000) Chem Phys Lipids , vol.108 , pp. 1-13
    • Mechoulam, R.1    Hanuš, L.2
  • 3
    • 0032459476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid transmission and pain perception
    • Martin BR, Lichtman AH. Cannabinoid transmission and pain perception. Neurobiol Dis 1998; 5: 447-61.
    • (1998) Neurobiol Dis , vol.5 , pp. 447-461
    • Martin, B.R.1    Lichtman, A.H.2
  • 5
    • 33947489961 scopus 로고
    • Isolation, structure and partial synthesis of an active constituent of hashish
    • Gaoni Y, Mechoulam R. Isolation, structure and partial synthesis of an active constituent of hashish. J Am Chem Soc 1964; 86: 1646-47.
    • (1964) J Am Chem Soc , vol.86 , pp. 1646-1647
    • Gaoni, Y.1    Mechoulam, R.2
  • 7
    • 0025325535 scopus 로고
    • Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA
    • Matsuda LA, Lolait SJ, Brownstein MJ, Young AC, Bonner TI. Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA. Nature 1990; 346: 561-64.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.346 , pp. 561-564
    • Matsuda, L.A.1    Lolait, S.J.2    Brownstein, M.J.3    Young, A.C.4    Bonner, T.I.5
  • 8
    • 0027078685 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor
    • Devane WA, Hanuš L, Breuer A et al. Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor. Science 1992; 258: 1946-49.
    • (1992) Science , vol.258 , pp. 1946-1949
    • Devane, W.A.1    Hanuš, L.2    Breuer, A.3
  • 9
    • 0027515373 scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids
    • Munro S, Thomas KL, Abu Shaar K. Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids. Nature 1993; 365: 61-65.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.365 , pp. 61-65
    • Munro, S.1    Thomas, K.L.2    Abu Shaar, K.3
  • 10
    • 0029094470 scopus 로고
    • Expression of central and peripheral cannabinoid receptors in human immune tissues and leukocyte subpopulations
    • Galiegue S, Mary S, Marchand J et al. Expression of central and peripheral cannabinoid receptors in human immune tissues and leukocyte subpopulations. Eur J Biochem 1995; 232: 54-61.
    • (1995) Eur J Biochem , vol.232 , pp. 54-61
    • Galiegue, S.1    Mary, S.2    Marchand, J.3
  • 11
    • 0025878961 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning of a human cannabinoid receptor which is also expressed in testis
    • Gerard CM, Mollereau C, Vassart G, Parmentier M. Molecular cloning of a human cannabinoid receptor which is also expressed in testis. Biochem J 1991; 279: 129-34.
    • (1991) Biochem J , vol.279 , pp. 129-134
    • Gerard, C.M.1    Mollereau, C.2    Vassart, G.3    Parmentier, M.4
  • 13
    • 0028931849 scopus 로고
    • An amino-terminal variant of the central cannabinoid receptor resulting from alternative splicing
    • Shire D, Carillon C, Kaghad M et al. An amino-terminal variant of the central cannabinoid receptor resulting from alternative splicing. J Biol Chem 1995; 270: 3726-31.
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 3726-3731
    • Shire, D.1    Carillon, C.2    Kaghad, M.3
  • 15
    • 0025954862 scopus 로고
    • Characterization and localization of cannabinoid receptors in rat brain: A quantitative in vitro autoradiographic study
    • Herkenham M, Lynn AB, Johnson MR, Melvin LS, de Costa BR, Rice KC. Characterization and localization of cannabinoid receptors in rat brain: a quantitative in vitro autoradiographic study. J Neurosci 1991; 11: 563-83.
    • (1991) J Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 563-583
    • Herkenham, M.1    Lynn, A.B.2    Johnson, M.R.3    Melvin, L.S.4    De Costa, B.R.5    Rice, K.C.6
  • 16
    • 0031047273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid receptors in the human brain: A detailed anatomical and quantitative autoradiographic study in the fetal, neonatal and adult human brain
    • Glass M, Dragunow M, Faull RL. Cannabinoid receptors in the human brain: a detailed anatomical and quantitative autoradiographic study in the fetal, neonatal and adult human brain. Neuroscience 1997; 77: 299-318.
    • (1997) Neuroscience , vol.77 , pp. 299-318
    • Glass, M.1    Dragunow, M.2    Faull, R.L.3
  • 17
    • 0026670687 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of cannabinoid receptor messenger RNA in the human brain: An in situ hybridization histochemistry with oligonucleotides
    • Mailleux P, Parmentier M, Vanderhaeghen JJ. Distribution of cannabinoid receptor messenger RNA in the human brain: an in situ hybridization histochemistry with oligonucleotides. Neurosci Lett 1992; 143: 200-204.
    • (1992) Neurosci Lett , vol.143 , pp. 200-204
    • Mailleux, P.1    Parmentier, M.2    Vanderhaeghen, J.J.3
  • 18
    • 0027492734 scopus 로고
    • Localization of cannabinoid receptor mRNA in rat brain
    • Matsuda LA, Bonner TI, Lolait SJ. Localization of cannabinoid receptor mRNA in rat brain. J Comp Neurol 1993; 327: 535-50.
    • (1993) J Comp Neurol , vol.327 , pp. 535-550
    • Matsuda, L.A.1    Bonner, T.I.2    Lolait, S.J.3
  • 20
    • 0031929438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical distribution of cannabinoid receptors in the rat central nervous system
    • Tsou K, Brown S, Sanudo-Pena MC, Mackie K, Walker JM. Immunohistochemical distribution of cannabinoid receptors in the rat central nervous system. Neuroscience 1998; 83: 393-411.
    • (1998) Neuroscience , vol.83 , pp. 393-411
    • Tsou, K.1    Brown, S.2    Sanudo-Pena, M.C.3    Mackie, K.4    Walker, J.M.5
  • 21
    • 0034118564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory impairments produced by cannabinoids
    • Sullivan JM. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory impairments produced by cannabinoids. Learning Memory 2000; 7: 132-39.
    • (2000) Learning Memory , vol.7 , pp. 132-139
    • Sullivan, J.M.1
  • 22
    • 0033427968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 cannabinoid receptor in the primate spinal cord
    • 1 cannabinoid receptor in the primate spinal cord. J Neurocytol 2000; 28: 39-45.
    • (2000) J Neurocytol , vol.28 , pp. 39-45
    • Ong, W.Y.1    Mackie, K.2
  • 24
    • 0033538346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 cannabinoid receptors
    • 1 cannabinoid receptors. Life Sci 1999; 65: 597-605.
    • (1999) Life Sci , vol.65 , pp. 597-605
    • Pertwee, R.G.1
  • 25
    • 0030831604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of genes differentially expressed by nerve growth factor and neurotrophin-3-dependent sensory neurones
    • Friedel RH, Schnurch H, Stubbusch J, Barde Y. Identification of genes differentially expressed by nerve growth factor and neurotrophin-3-dependent sensory neurones. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94: 12670-75
    • (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.94 , pp. 12670-12675
    • Friedel, R.H.1    Schnurch, H.2    Stubbusch, J.3    Barde, Y.4
  • 26
    • 0033016805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid receptors undergo axonal flow in sensory nerves
    • Hohmann AG, Herkenham M. Cannabinoid receptors undergo axonal flow in sensory nerves. Neuroscience 1999; 92: 1171-75.
    • (1999) Neuroscience , vol.92 , pp. 1171-1175
    • Hohmann, A.G.1    Herkenham, M.2
  • 27
    • 0033586332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre- and postsynaptic distribution of cannabinoid and mu opioid receptors in rat spinal cord
    • Hohmann AG, Briley EM, Herkenham M. Pre- and postsynaptic distribution of cannabinoid and mu opioid receptors in rat spinal cord. Brain Res 1999; 822: 17-25.
    • (1999) Brain Res , vol.822 , pp. 17-25
    • Hohmann, A.G.1    Briley, E.M.2    Herkenham, M.3
  • 28
    • 0032940633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 receptor messenger RNA in neuronal subpopulations of rat dorsal root ganglia: A double-label in situ hybridisation study
    • 1 receptor messenger RNA in neuronal subpopulations of rat dorsal root ganglia: a double-label in situ hybridisation study. Neuroscience 1999; 90: 923-31.
    • (1999) Neuroscience , vol.90 , pp. 923-931
    • Hohmann, A.G.1    Herkenham, M.2
  • 30
    • 0034638450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid I receptors are expressed in nociceptive primary sensory neurones
    • Ahluwalia J, Urban L, Capogna M, Bevan S, Nagy I. Cannabinoid I receptors are expressed in nociceptive primary sensory neurones. Neuroscience 2000; 100: 685-88.
    • (2000) Neuroscience , vol.100 , pp. 685-688
    • Ahluwalia, J.1    Urban, L.2    Capogna, M.3    Bevan, S.4    Nagy, I.5
  • 31
    • 0035218154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Actions of cannabinoid receptor ligands on rat cultured sensory neurones: Implications for antinociception
    • Ross RA, Coutts AA, McFarlane SM et al. Actions of cannabinoid receptor ligands on rat cultured sensory neurones: implications for antinociception. Neuropharmacology 2001; 40: 221-32.
    • (2001) Neuropharmacology , vol.40 , pp. 221-232
    • Ross, R.A.1    Coutts, A.A.2    McFarlane, S.M.3
  • 33
    • 0344420333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A neuro-immune mechanism in cannabinoid-mediated attenuation of nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced hyperalgesia
    • in press
    • Farquhar-Smith WP, Rice ASC. A neuro-immune mechanism in cannabinoid-mediated attenuation of nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced hyperalgesia. Anesthesiology 2003 (in press).
    • (2003) Anesthesiology
    • Farquhar-Smith, W.P.1    Rice, A.S.C.2
  • 34
    • 0032537734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of pain initiation by endogenous cannabinoids
    • Calignano A, La Rana G, Guiffrida A, Piomelli D. Control of pain initiation by endogenous cannabinoids. Nature 1998; 394: 277-81.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.394 , pp. 277-281
    • Calignano, A.1    La Rana, G.2    Guiffrida, A.3    Piomelli, D.4
  • 35
    • 0037475146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A peripheral cannabinoid mechanism suppresses spinal fos protein expression and pain behavior in a rat model of inflammation
    • Nackley AG, Suplita RL, Hohmann AG. A peripheral cannabinoid mechanism suppresses spinal fos protein expression and pain behavior in a rat model of inflammation. Neuroscience 2003; 117: 659-70.
    • (2003) Neuroscience , vol.117 , pp. 659-670
    • Nackley, A.G.1    Suplita, R.L.2    Hohmann, A.G.3
  • 36
    • 0030690545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular aspects of cannabinoid receptors
    • Matsuda LA. Molecular aspects of cannabinoid receptors. Crit Rev Neurobiol 1997; 11: 143-66.
    • (1997) Crit Rev Neurobiol , vol.11 , pp. 143-166
    • Matsuda, L.A.1
  • 37
    • 0033538476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presence and functional regulation of cannabinoid receptors in immune cells
    • Parolaro D. Presence and functional regulation of cannabinoid receptors in immune cells. Life Sci 1999; 65: 637-44.
    • (1999) Life Sci , vol.65 , pp. 637-644
    • Parolaro, D.1
  • 39
    • 0037442829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonpsychotropic cannabinoid receptors regulate microglial cell migration
    • Walter L, Franklin A, Witting A et al. Nonpsychotropic cannabinoid receptors regulate microglial cell migration. J Neurosci 2003; 23: 1398-405.
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 1398-1405
    • Walter, L.1    Franklin, A.2    Witting, A.3
  • 40
    • 0029870716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ALIAmide palmitoylethanolamide and cannabinoids, but not anandamide, are protective in a delayed postglutamate paradigm of excitotoxic death in cerebellar granule neurones
    • Skaper SD, Buriani A, Dal Toso R et al. The ALIAmide palmitoylethanolamide and cannabinoids, but not anandamide, are protective in a delayed postglutamate paradigm of excitotoxic death in cerebellar granule neurones. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93: 3984-89.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.93 , pp. 3984-3989
    • Skaper, S.D.1    Buriani, A.2    Dal Toso, R.3
  • 41
    • 0034886018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 cannabinoid receptor-mediated peripheral antinociception
    • 2 cannabinoid receptor-mediated peripheral antinociception. Pain 2001; 93: 239-45.
    • (2001) Pain , vol.93 , pp. 239-245
    • Malan, T.P.J.1    Ibrahim, M.M.2    Deng, H.3
  • 43
    • 0032160418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential blockade of the antinociceptive effects of centrally administered cannabinoids by SR141716A
    • Welch SP, Huffman JW, Lowe J. Differential blockade of the antinociceptive effects of centrally administered cannabinoids by SR141716A. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1998; 286: 1301-308.
    • (1998) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.286 , pp. 1301-1308
    • Welch, S.P.1    Huffman, J.W.2    Lowe, J.3
  • 44
    • 0029009773 scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of anandamide-induced antinociception and cross-tolerance to delta 9-THC after intrathecal administration to mice: Blockade of delta 9-THC-induced antinociception
    • Welch SP, Dunlow LD, Patrick GS, Razdan RK. Characterisation of anandamide-induced antinociception and cross-tolerance to delta 9-THC after intrathecal administration to mice: blockade of delta 9-THC-induced antinociception. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 273: 1235-44.
    • (1995) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.273 , pp. 1235-1244
    • Welch, S.P.1    Dunlow, L.D.2    Patrick, G.S.3    Razdan, R.K.4
  • 46
    • 0033769188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 receptor mediated actions of anandamide in mouse brain
    • 2 receptor mediated actions of anandamide in mouse brain. J Neurochem 2000; 75: 2434-44.
    • (2000) J Neurochem , vol.75 , pp. 2434-2444
    • Di Marzo, V.1    Breivogel, C.S.2    Tao, Q.3
  • 47
    • 0034948614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a new G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor in mouse brain
    • Breivogel CS, Griffin G, Di Marzo V, Martin BR. Evidence for a new G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor in mouse brain. Mol Pharmacol 2001; 60: 155-63.
    • (2001) Mol Pharmacol , vol.60 , pp. 155-163
    • Breivogel, C.S.1    Griffin, G.2    Di Marzo, V.3    Martin, B.R.4
  • 48
    • 0036216311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The palmitoylethanolamide family: A new class of anti-inflammatory agents?
    • Lambert DM, Vandevoorde S, Jonsson K, Fowler CJ. The palmitoylethanolamide family: a new class of anti-inflammatory agents? Curr Med Chem 2002; 9: 663-74.
    • (2002) Curr Med Chem , vol.9 , pp. 663-674
    • Lambert, D.M.1    Vandevoorde, S.2    Jonsson, K.3    Fowler, C.J.4
  • 49
    • 0035843772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antinociceptive activity of the endogenous fatty acid amide, palmitoylethanolamide
    • Calignano A, La Rana G, Piomelli D. Antinociceptive activity of the endogenous fatty acid amide, palmitoylethanolamide. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 419: 191-98.
    • (2001) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.419 , pp. 191-198
    • Calignano, A.1    La Rana, G.2    Piomelli, D.3
  • 50
    • 0027185227 scopus 로고
    • Anandamide, an endogenous cannabimimetic eicosanoid, binds to the cloned human cannabinoid receptor and stimulates receptor-mediated signal transduction
    • Felder CC, Briley EM, Axelrod J, Simpson JT, Mackie K, Devane WA. Anandamide, an endogenous cannabimimetic eicosanoid, binds to the cloned human cannabinoid receptor and stimulates receptor-mediated signal transduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90: 7656-60.
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.90 , pp. 7656-7660
    • Felder, C.C.1    Briley, E.M.2    Axelrod, J.3    Simpson, J.T.4    Mackie, K.5    Devane, W.A.6
  • 52
    • 0033647159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular signal transduction by anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol
    • Howlett AC, Mukhopadhyay S. Cellular signal transduction by anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol. Chem Phys Lipids 2000; 108: 53-70.
    • (2000) Chem Phys Lipids , vol.108 , pp. 53-70
    • Howlett, A.C.1    Mukhopadhyay, S.2
  • 53
    • 0030709362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of brain cannabinoid receptors and guanine nucleotide binding protein
    • Petitet F, Jeantaud B, Capet M, Doble A. Interaction of brain cannabinoid receptors and guanine nucleotide binding protein. Biochem Pharmacol 1997; 54: 1267-70.
    • (1997) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.54 , pp. 1267-1270
    • Petitet, F.1    Jeantaud, B.2    Capet, M.3    Doble, A.4
  • 54
    • 0032479282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid receptor agonist efficacy for stimulating [35S]GTPgammaS binding to rat cerebellar membranes correlates with agonist-induced decreases in GDP affinity
    • Breivogel CS, Selley DE, Childers SR. Cannabinoid receptor agonist efficacy for stimulating [35S]GTPgammaS binding to rat cerebellar membranes correlates with agonist-induced decreases in GDP affinity. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 16865-73.
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 16865-16873
    • Breivogel, C.S.1    Selley, D.E.2    Childers, S.R.3
  • 58
    • 0032104721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis and endogenous cannabinoid systems
    • Childers SR, Breivogel CS. Cannabis and endogenous cannabinoid systems. Drug Alcohol Depend 1998; 51: 173-87.
    • (1998) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.51 , pp. 173-187
    • Childers, S.R.1    Breivogel, C.S.2
  • 59
    • 0030988864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional differences in cannabinoid receptor/G-protein coupling in rat brain
    • Breivogel CS, Sim LJ, Childers SR. Regional differences in cannabinoid receptor/G-protein coupling in rat brain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997; 282: 1632-42.
    • (1997) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.282 , pp. 1632-1642
    • Breivogel, C.S.1    Sim, L.J.2    Childers, S.R.3
  • 60
    • 0028265784 scopus 로고
    • Effects of anandamide on cannabinoid receptors in rat brain membranes
    • Childers SR, Sexton T, Roy MB. Effects of anandamide on cannabinoid receptors in rat brain membranes. Biochem Pharmacol 1994; 47: 711-15.
    • (1994) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.47 , pp. 711-715
    • Childers, S.R.1    Sexton, T.2    Roy, M.B.3
  • 61
    • 0033060910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and characterisation of potent and selective agonists of the neuronal cannabinoid receptor
    • Hillard CJ, Manna S, Greenberg MJ et al. Synthesis and characterisation of potent and selective agonists of the neuronal cannabinoid receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999; 289: 1427-33.
    • (1999) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.289 , pp. 1427-1433
    • Hillard, C.J.1    Manna, S.2    Greenberg, M.J.3
  • 62
    • 0034058250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol is a full agonist through human type 2 cannabinoid receptor: Antagonism by anandamide
    • Gonsiorek W, Lunn C, Fan X, Narula S, Lundell D, Hipkin RW. Endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol is a full agonist through human type 2 cannabinoid receptor: antagonism by anandamide. Mol Pharmacol 2000; 57: 1045-50.
    • (2000) Mol Pharmacol , vol.57 , pp. 1045-1050
    • Gonsiorek, W.1    Lunn, C.2    Fan, X.3    Narula, S.4    Lundell, D.5    Hipkin, R.W.6
  • 63
    • 0024408972 scopus 로고
    • Mediation of primary afferent peripheral hyperalgesia by the cAMP second messenger system
    • Taiwo YO, Bjerknes LK, Goetzl EJ, Levine JD. Mediation of primary afferent peripheral hyperalgesia by the cAMP second messenger system. Neuroscience 1989; 32: 577-80.
    • (1989) Neuroscience , vol.32 , pp. 577-580
    • Taiwo, Y.O.1    Bjerknes, L.K.2    Goetzl, E.J.3    Levine, J.D.4
  • 64
    • 0033560123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of protein kinase A in the maintenance of inflammatory pain
    • Aley KO, Levine JD. Role of protein kinase A in the maintenance of inflammatory pain. J Neurosci 1999; 19: 2181-86.
    • (1999) J Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 2181-2186
    • Aley, K.O.1    Levine, J.D.2
  • 65
    • 0030020199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of endogenous nitric oxide in the mechanism of bradykinin-induced peripheral hyperalgesia
    • Nakamura A, Fujita M, Shiomi H. Involvement of endogenous nitric oxide in the mechanism of bradykinin-induced peripheral hyperalgesia. Br J Pharmacol 1996; 117: 407-12.
    • (1996) Br J Pharmacol , vol.117 , pp. 407-412
    • Nakamura, A.1    Fujita, M.2    Shiomi, H.3
  • 66
    • 0026598177 scopus 로고
    • Mediation of serotonin hyperalgesia by the cAMP second messenger system
    • Taiwo YO, Heller PH, Levine JD. Mediation of serotonin hyperalgesia by the cAMP second messenger system. Neuroscience 1992; 48: 479-83.
    • (1992) Neuroscience , vol.48 , pp. 479-483
    • Taiwo, Y.O.1    Heller, P.H.2    Levine, J.D.3
  • 70
    • 0026603679 scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids inhibit N-type calcium channels in neuroblastoma-glioma cells
    • Mackie K, Hille B. Cannabinoids inhibit N-type calcium channels in neuroblastoma-glioma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89: 3825-29.
    • (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.89 , pp. 3825-3829
    • Mackie, K.1    Hille, B.2
  • 71
    • 0027172274 scopus 로고
    • Anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid, inhibits calcium currents as a partial agonist in N 18 neuroblastoma cells
    • Mackie K, Devane WA, Hille B. Anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid, inhibits calcium currents as a partial agonist in N 18 neuroblastoma cells. Mol Pharmacol 1993; 44: 498-503.
    • (1993) Mol Pharmacol , vol.44 , pp. 498-503
    • Mackie, K.1    Devane, W.A.2    Hille, B.3
  • 72
    • 0028823316 scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids activate an inwardly rectifying potassium conductance and inhibit Q-type calcium currents in AtT20 cells transfected with rat brain cannabinoid receptor
    • Mackie K, Lai Y, Westenbroek R, Mitchell R. Cannabinoids activate an inwardly rectifying potassium conductance and inhibit Q-type calcium currents in AtT20 cells transfected with rat brain cannabinoid receptor. J Neurosci 1995; 15: 6552-61.
    • (1995) J Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 6552-6561
    • Mackie, K.1    Lai, Y.2    Westenbroek, R.3    Mitchell, R.4
  • 73
    • 0031149007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presynaptic inhibition of elicited neurotransmitter release
    • Wu L, Saggau P. Presynaptic inhibition of elicited neurotransmitter release. Trends Neurol Sci 1997; 20: 204-12.
    • (1997) Trends Neurol Sci , vol.20 , pp. 204-212
    • Wu, L.1    Saggau, P.2
  • 74
    • 0027315816 scopus 로고
    • Anandamide, a brain endogenous compound interacts specifically with cannabinoid receptors and inhibits adenylate cyclase
    • Vogel Z, Barg J, Levy R, Saya D, Heldman E, Mechoulam R. Anandamide, a brain endogenous compound interacts specifically with cannabinoid receptors and inhibits adenylate cyclase. J Neurochem 1993; 61: 352-55.
    • (1993) J Neurochem , vol.61 , pp. 352-355
    • Vogel, Z.1    Barg, J.2    Levy, R.3    Saya, D.4    Heldman, E.5    Mechoulam, R.6
  • 76
    • 0027467421 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological activity of the cannabinoid receptor agonist, anandamide, a brain constituent
    • Fride E, Mechoulam R. Pharmacological activity of the cannabinoid receptor agonist, anandamide, a brain constituent. Eur J Pharmacol 1993; 231: 313-14.
    • (1993) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.231 , pp. 313-314
    • Fride, E.1    Mechoulam, R.2
  • 77
    • 0029128197 scopus 로고
    • Activation of human peripheral cannabinoid receptor results in inhibition of adenylyl cyclase
    • Slipetz DM, O'Neill GP, Favreau L et al. Activation of human peripheral cannabinoid receptor results in inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. Mol Pharmacol 1995; 48: 352-61.
    • (1995) Mol Pharmacol , vol.48 , pp. 352-361
    • Slipetz, D.M.1    O'Neill, G.P.2    Favreau, L.3
  • 78
    • 0028872268 scopus 로고
    • Low doses of anandamide inhibit pharmacological effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol
    • Fride E, Barg J, Levy R et al. Low doses of anandamide inhibit pharmacological effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 272: 699-707.
    • (1995) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.272 , pp. 699-707
    • Fride, E.1    Barg, J.2    Levy, R.3
  • 79
    • 0028906566 scopus 로고
    • Mast cells express a peripheral cannabinoid receptor with differential sensitivity to anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide
    • Facci L, Dal Toso R, Romanello S, Buriani A, Skaper SD, Leon A. Mast cells express a peripheral cannabinoid receptor with differential sensitivity to anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92: 3376-80.
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.92 , pp. 3376-3380
    • Facci, L.1    Dal Toso, R.2    Romanello, S.3    Buriani, A.4    Skaper, S.D.5    Leon, A.6
  • 80
    • 0033614984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vanilloid receptors on sensory nerves mediate the vasodilator action of anandamide
    • Zygmunt PM, Petersson J, Andersson DA et al. Vanilloid receptors on sensory nerves mediate the vasodilator action of anandamide. Nature 1999; 400: 452-57.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.400 , pp. 452-457
    • Zygmunt, P.M.1    Petersson, J.2    Andersson, D.A.3
  • 81
    • 0033976691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are cannabinoids endogenous ligands for the VR1 capsaicin receptor?
    • Szolcsanyi J. Are cannabinoids endogenous ligands for the VR1 capsaicin receptor? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2000; 21: 41-42.
    • (2000) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.21 , pp. 41-42
    • Szolcsanyi, J.1
  • 83
    • 0029012014 scopus 로고
    • Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors
    • Mechoulam R, Ben-Shabat S, Hanuš L et al. Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 1995; 50: 83-90.
    • (1995) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.50 , pp. 83-90
    • Mechoulam, R.1    Ben-Shabat, S.2    Hanuš, L.3
  • 84
    • 0028970517 scopus 로고
    • 2-Arachidonoylglycerol: A possible endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand in brain
    • Sugiura T, Kondo S, Sukagawa A et al. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol: a possible endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand in brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995; 215: 89-97.
    • (1995) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.215 , pp. 89-97
    • Sugiura, T.1    Kondo, S.2    Sukagawa, A.3
  • 85
    • 0031605955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-Arachidonoyl-glycerol as an 'endocannabinoid': Limelight for a formerly neglected metabolite
    • Di Marzo V. 2-Arachidonoyl-glycerol as an 'endocannabinoid': limelight for a formerly neglected metabolite. Biochemistry (Mosc) 1998; 63: 13-21.
    • (1998) Biochemistry (Mosc) , vol.63 , pp. 13-21
    • Di Marzo, V.1
  • 86
    • 0031830516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An entourage effect: Inactive endogenous fatty acid glycerol esters enhance 2-arachidonyl-glycerol cannabinoid activity
    • Ben-Shabat S, Fride E, Sheskin T et al. An entourage effect: inactive endogenous fatty acid glycerol esters enhance 2-arachidonyl-glycerol cannabinoid activity. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 353: 23-31.
    • (1998) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.353 , pp. 23-31
    • Ben-Shabat, S.1    Fride, E.2    Sheskin, T.3
  • 87
    • 0035256557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoids control spasticity in a multiple sclerosis model
    • Baker D, Pryce G, Croxford JL et al. Endocannabinoids control spasticity in a multiple sclerosis model. FASEB J 2000; 15: 300-302.
    • (2000) FASEB J , vol.15 , pp. 300-302
    • Baker, D.1    Pryce, G.2    Croxford, J.L.3
  • 90
    • 0037036436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes in culture produce anandamide and other acylethanolamides
    • Walter L, Franklin A, Witting A, Moller T, Stella N. Astrocytes in culture produce anandamide and other acylethanolamides. J Biol Chem 2002; 277: 20869-76.
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , pp. 20869-20876
    • Walter, L.1    Franklin, A.2    Witting, A.3    Moller, T.4    Stella, N.5
  • 91
    • 0027180394 scopus 로고
    • Enzymatic synthesis and degradation of anandamide, a cannabinoid receptor agonist
    • Deutsch DG, Chin SA. Enzymatic synthesis and degradation of anandamide, a cannabinoid receptor agonist. Biochem Pharmacol 1993; 46: 791-96.
    • (1993) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.46 , pp. 791-796
    • Deutsch, D.G.1    Chin, S.A.2
  • 92
    • 0028589390 scopus 로고
    • Formation and inactivation of endogenous cannabinoid anandamide in central neurons
    • Di Marzo V, Fontana A, Cadas H et al. Formation and inactivation of endogenous cannabinoid anandamide in central neurons. Nature 1994; 372: 686-91.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.372 , pp. 686-691
    • Di Marzo, V.1    Fontana, A.2    Cadas, H.3
  • 93
    • 0032526815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of various N-acylethanolamines including N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide) in cadmium chloride-administered rat testis
    • Kondo S, Sugiura T, Kodaka T, Kudo N, Waku K, Tokumura A. Accumulation of various N-acylethanolamines including N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide) in cadmium chloride-administered rat testis. Arch Biochem Biophys 1998; 354: 303-10.
    • (1998) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.354 , pp. 303-310
    • Kondo, S.1    Sugiura, T.2    Kodaka, T.3    Kudo, N.4    Waku, K.5    Tokumura, A.6
  • 94
    • 0031031557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biosynthesis, uptake, and degradation of anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide in leukocytes
    • Bisogno T, Maurelli S, Melck D, De Petrocellis L, Di Marzo V. Biosynthesis, uptake, and degradation of anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide in leukocytes. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 3315-23.
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 3315-3323
    • Bisogno, T.1    Maurelli, S.2    Melck, D.3    De Petrocellis, L.4    Di Marzo, V.5
  • 95
    • 0037111326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for endocannabinoids in indomethicin-induced spinal antinociception
    • Guhring H, Hamza M, Sergejeva M et al. A role for endocannabinoids in indomethicin-induced spinal antinociception. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 454: 153-63.
    • (2003) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.454 , pp. 153-163
    • Guhring, H.1    Hamza, M.2    Sergejeva, M.3
  • 98
    • 0035967145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous cannabinoids mediate retrograde signalling at hippocampal synapses
    • Wilson RI, Nicoll RA. Endogenous cannabinoids mediate retrograde signalling at hippocampal synapses. Nature 2001; 410: 588-92.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.410 , pp. 588-592
    • Wilson, R.I.1    Nicoll, R.A.2
  • 99
    • 0035050883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous cannabinoids mediate retrograde signals from depolarised postsynaptic neurons to presynaptic terminals
    • Ohno-Shosaku T, Maejima T, Kano M. Endogenous cannabinoids mediate retrograde signals from depolarised postsynaptic neurons to presynaptic terminals. Neuron 2001; 29: 729-38.
    • (2001) Neuron , vol.29 , pp. 729-738
    • Ohno-Shosaku, T.1    Maejima, T.2    Kano, M.3
  • 100
    • 0035053627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrograde inhibition of presynaptic calcium influx by endogenous cannabinoids at excitatory synapses onto Purkinje cells
    • Kreitzer AC, Regehr WG. Retrograde inhibition of presynaptic calcium influx by endogenous cannabinoids at excitatory synapses onto Purkinje cells. Neuron 2001; 29: 717-27.
    • (2001) Neuron , vol.29 , pp. 717-727
    • Kreitzer, A.C.1    Regehr, W.G.2
  • 101
    • 0032459475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry of the endogenous ligands of cannabinoid receptors
    • Di Marzo V, Deutsch DG. Biochemistry of the endogenous ligands of cannabinoid receptors. Neurobiol Dis 1998; 5: 386-404.
    • (1998) Neurobiol Dis , vol.5 , pp. 386-404
    • Di Marzo, V.1    Deutsch, D.G.2
  • 102
    • 0035043018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of palmitoylethanolamide transport in mouse neuro-2a neuroblastoma and rat RBL-2H3 basophilic leukaemia cells: Comparison with anandamide
    • Jacobsson SOP, Fowler CJ. Characterization of palmitoylethanolamide transport in mouse neuro-2a neuroblastoma and rat RBL-2H3 basophilic leukaemia cells: comparison with anandamide. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 132: 1743-54.
    • (2001) Br J Pharmacol , vol.132 , pp. 1743-1754
    • Jacobsson, S.O.P.1    Fowler, C.J.2
  • 103
    • 0030865871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional role of high-affinity anandamide transport, as revealed by selective inhibition
    • Beltramo M, Stella N, Calignano A, Lin SY, Makriyannis A, Piomelli D. Functional role of high-affinity anandamide transport, as revealed by selective inhibition. Science 1998; 277: 1094-97.
    • (1998) Science , vol.277 , pp. 1094-1097
    • Beltramo, M.1    Stella, N.2    Calignano, A.3    Lin, S.Y.4    Makriyannis, A.5    Piomelli, D.6
  • 104
    • 0031834745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Endocannabinoids' and other fatty acid derivatives with cannabimimetic properties: Biochemistry and possible physiopathological relevance
    • Di Marzo V. 'Endocannabinoids' and other fatty acid derivatives with cannabimimetic properties: biochemistry and possible physiopathological relevance. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998; 1392: 153-75.
    • (1998) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1392 , pp. 153-175
    • Di Marzo, V.1
  • 106
    • 0030903752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of human and mouse fatty acid amide hydrolase
    • Giang DK, Cravatt BF. Molecular characterization of human and mouse fatty acid amide hydrolase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94: 2238-42.
    • (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.94 , pp. 2238-2242
    • Giang, D.K.1    Cravatt, B.F.2
  • 107
    • 0033955343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological properties of rat brain fatty acid amidohydrolase in different subcellular fractions using palmitoylethanolamide as substrate
    • Tiger G, Stenstrom A, Fowler CJ. Pharmacological properties of rat brain fatty acid amidohydrolase in different subcellular fractions using palmitoylethanolamide as substrate. Biochem Pharmacol 2000; 59: 647-53.
    • (2000) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.59 , pp. 647-653
    • Tiger, G.1    Stenstrom, A.2    Fowler, C.J.3
  • 108
    • 0031471724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of the enzyme inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride on the pharmacological effects of anadamide in the mouse model of cannabimimetic activity
    • Compton DR, Martin BR. The effect of the enzyme inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride on the pharmacological effects of anadamide in the mouse model of cannabimimetic activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997; 283: 1138-43.
    • (1997) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.283 , pp. 1138-1143
    • Compton, D.R.1    Martin, B.R.2
  • 109
    • 0030730417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibuprofen inhibits rat brain deamination of anandamide at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. Mode of inhibition and structure-activity relationship
    • Fowler CJ, Tiger G, Stenstrom A. Ibuprofen inhibits rat brain deamination of anandamide at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. Mode of inhibition and structure-activity relationship. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997; 283: 729-34.
    • (1997) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.283 , pp. 729-734
    • Fowler, C.J.1    Tiger, G.2    Stenstrom, A.3
  • 110
    • 0033557114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of anandamide hydrolysis by the enantiomers of ibuprofen, ketorolac, and fluriprofen
    • Fowler CJ, Janson U, Johnson RM et al. Inhibition of anandamide hydrolysis by the enantiomers of ibuprofen, ketorolac, and fluriprofen. Arch Biochem Biophys 1999; 362: 191-96.
    • (1999) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.362 , pp. 191-196
    • Fowler, C.J.1    Janson, U.2    Johnson, R.M.3
  • 111
    • 0035979244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supersensitivity to anandamide and enhanced endogenous cannabinoid signaling in mice lacking fatty acid amide hydrolase
    • Cravatt BF, Demarest K, Patrichelli MP et al. Supersensitivity to anandamide and enhanced endogenous cannabinoid signaling in mice lacking fatty acid amide hydrolase, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98: 9371-76.
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.98 , pp. 9371-9376
    • Cravatt, B.F.1    Demarest, K.2    Patrichelli, M.P.3
  • 113
    • 0035822343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are cannabinoids an effective and safe treatment option in the management of pain? A qualititative systematic review
    • Campbell FA, Tramer MR, Carroll D, Reynolds DJM, Moore RA, McQuay HJ. Are cannabinoids an effective and safe treatment option in the management of pain? A qualititative systematic review. Lancet 2001; 323: 13-16.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.323 , pp. 13-16
    • Campbell, F.A.1    Tramer, M.R.2    Carroll, D.3    Reynolds, D.J.M.4    Moore, R.A.5    McQuay, H.J.6
  • 114
    • 0032802188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of cannabinoid receptor ligands
    • Pertwee RG. Pharmacology of cannabinoid receptor ligands. Curr Med Chem 1999; 6: 635-64.
    • (1999) Curr Med Chem , vol.6 , pp. 635-664
    • Pertwee, R.G.1
  • 115
    • 0034004184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • O-1057, a potent water-soluble cannabinoid receptor agonist with antinociceptive properties
    • Pertwee RG, Gibson TM, Stevenson LA et al. O-1057, a potent water-soluble cannabinoid receptor agonist with antinociceptive properties. Br J Pharmacol 2000; 129: 1577-84.
    • (2000) Br J Pharmacol , vol.129 , pp. 1577-1584
    • Pertwee, R.G.1    Gibson, T.M.2    Stevenson, L.A.3
  • 117
    • 0028129936 scopus 로고
    • SR141716A, a potent and selective antagonist of the brain cannabinoid receptor
    • Rinaldi-Carmona M, Barth F, Heaulme M et al. SR141716A, a potent and selective antagonist of the brain cannabinoid receptor. Fed Eur Biochem Sci 1994; 350: 240-44.
    • (1994) Fed Eur Biochem Sci , vol.350 , pp. 240-244
    • Rinaldi-Carmona, M.1    Barth, F.2    Heaulme, M.3
  • 120
    • 0031032872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SR 141716A, a cannabinoid receptor antagonist, produces hyperalgesia in untreated mice
    • Richardson JD, Aanonsen L, Hargreaves KM. SR 141716A, a cannabinoid receptor antagonist, produces hyperalgesia in untreated mice. Eur J Pharmacol 1997; 319: R3-4.
    • (1997) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.319
    • Richardson, J.D.1    Aanonsen, L.2    Hargreaves, K.M.3
  • 121
    • 0031974179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoactivity of the spinal cannabinoid system results in NMDA-dependent hyperalgesia
    • Richardson JD, Aanonsen L, Hargreaves KM. Hypoactivity of the spinal cannabinoid system results in NMDA-dependent hyperalgesia. J Neurosci 1998; 18: 451-57.
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 451-457
    • Richardson, J.D.1    Aanonsen, L.2    Hargreaves, K.M.3
  • 122
    • 0032495194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a role of endogenous cannabinoids in the modulation of acute and tonic pain sensitivity
    • Strangman NM, Patrick SL, Hohmann AG, Tsou K, Walker JM. Evidence for a role of endogenous cannabinoids in the modulation of acute and tonic pain sensitivity. Brain Res 1998; 813: 323-28.
    • (1998) Brain Res , vol.813 , pp. 323-328
    • Strangman, N.M.1    Patrick, S.L.2    Hohmann, A.G.3    Tsou, K.4    Walker, J.M.5
  • 123
    • 0032056333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of delta-9 THC and anandamide antinociception in nonarthritic and arthritic rats
    • Smith FL, Fujimori K, Lowe J, Welch SP. Characterisation of delta-9 THC and anandamide antinociception in nonarthritic and arthritic rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1998; 60: 183-91.
    • (1998) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.60 , pp. 183-191
    • Smith, F.L.1    Fujimori, K.2    Lowe, J.3    Welch, S.P.4
  • 124
    • 0034685843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the endogenous cannabinoid system in the formalin test of persistent pain in the rat
    • Beaulieu P, Bisogno T, Punwar S et al. Role of the endogenous cannabinoid system in the formalin test of persistent pain in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 396: 85-92.
    • (2000) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.396 , pp. 85-92
    • Beaulieu, P.1    Bisogno, T.2    Punwar, S.3
  • 129
    • 0029896176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for central cannabinoid and opioid systems in peripheral delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced analgesia in mice
    • Reche I, Fuentes JA, Ruiz Gayo M. A role for central cannabinoid and opioid systems in peripheral delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced analgesia in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 1996; 301: 75-81.
    • (1996) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.301 , pp. 75-81
    • Reche, I.1    Fuentes, J.A.2    Ruiz Gayo, M.3
  • 130
    • 0027362881 scopus 로고
    • Blockade of cannabinoid-induced antinociception by norbinaltorphine, but not N,N-dially-tyrosine-aib-phenylalanine-leucine, ICI 174,864 or naloxone in mice
    • Welch SP. Blockade of cannabinoid-induced antinociception by norbinaltorphine, but not N,N-dially-tyrosine-aib-phenylalanine-leucine, ICI 174,864 or naloxone in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993; 265: 633-40.
    • (1993) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.265 , pp. 633-640
    • Welch, S.P.1
  • 131
    • 0026639295 scopus 로고
    • Antinociceptive activity of intrathecally administered cannabinoids alone, and in combination with morphine
    • Welch SP, Stevens DL. Antinociceptive activity of intrathecally administered cannabinoids alone, and in combination with morphine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992; 262: 10-18.
    • (1992) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.262 , pp. 10-18
    • Welch, S.P.1    Stevens, D.L.2
  • 132
    • 12644287543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of endogenous opioids in enhancing the antinociception produced by the combination of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and morphine in the spinal cord
    • Pugh G, Smith PB, Dombrowski DS, Welch SP. The role of endogenous opioids in enhancing the antinociception produced by the combination of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and morphine in the spinal cord. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1996; 279: 608-16.
    • (1996) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.279 , pp. 608-616
    • Pugh, G.1    Smith, P.B.2    Dombrowski, D.S.3    Welch, S.P.4
  • 133
    • 0033458086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic interactions of endogenous opioids and cannabinoid systems
    • Welch SP, Eads M. Synergistic interactions of endogenous opioids and cannabinoid systems. Brain Res 1999; 848: 183-90.
    • (1999) Brain Res , vol.848 , pp. 183-190
    • Welch, S.P.1    Eads, M.2
  • 134
  • 136
    • 0035150352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid receptors and pain
    • Pertwee RG. Cannabinoid receptors and pain. Prog Neurobiol 2001; 63: 569-611.
    • (2001) Prog Neurobiol , vol.63 , pp. 569-611
    • Pertwee, R.G.1
  • 137
    • 0032812926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manipulation of the tetrahydrocannabinol side chain delineates agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists
    • Martin BR, Jefferson R, Winckler R et al. Manipulation of the tetrahydrocannabinol side chain delineates agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999; 290: 1065-79.
    • (1999) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.290 , pp. 1065-1079
    • Martin, B.R.1    Jefferson, R.2    Winckler, R.3
  • 138
    • 0025943354 scopus 로고
    • Spinal and supraspinal components of cannabinoid-induced antinociception
    • Lichtman AH, Martin BR. Spinal and supraspinal components of cannabinoid-induced antinociception. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1991; 258: 517-23.
    • (1991) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.258 , pp. 517-523
    • Lichtman, A.H.1    Martin, B.R.2
  • 139
    • 0029070520 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of noxious stimulus-evoked activity of spinal cord dorsal horn neurons by the cannabinoid WIN55,212-2
    • Hohmann AG, Martin WJ, Tsou K, Walker JM. Inhibition of noxious stimulus-evoked activity of spinal cord dorsal horn neurons by the cannabinoid WIN55,212-2. Life Sci 1995; 56: 2111-18.
    • (1995) Life Sci , vol.56 , pp. 2111-2118
    • Hohmann, A.G.1    Martin, W.J.2    Tsou, K.3    Walker, J.M.4
  • 140
    • 0032484245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid modulation of wide dynamic range neurons in the lumbar dorsal horn of the rat by spinally administered WIN55,212-2
    • Hohmann AG, Tsou K, Walker JM. Cannabinoid modulation of wide dynamic range neurons in the lumbar dorsal horn of the rat by spinally administered WIN55,212-2. Neurosci Lett 1998; 257: 119-22.
    • (1998) Neurosci Lett , vol.257 , pp. 119-122
    • Hohmann, A.G.1    Tsou, K.2    Walker, J.M.3
  • 141
    • 0030087731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of brain sites mediating cannabinoid-induced antinociception in rats: Evidence supporting periaqueductal grey involvement
    • Lichtman AH, Cook SA, Martin BR. Investigation of brain sites mediating cannabinoid-induced antinociception in rats: evidence supporting periaqueductal grey involvement. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1996; 276: 585-93.
    • (1996) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.276 , pp. 585-593
    • Lichtman, A.H.1    Cook, S.A.2    Martin, B.R.3
  • 142
    • 0029816889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of noxious stimulus-evoked activity in the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus by a cannabinoid agonist: Correlation between electrophysiological and antinociceptive effects
    • Martin WJ, Hohmann AG, Walker JM. Suppression of noxious stimulus-evoked activity in the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus by a cannabinoid agonist: correlation between electrophysiological and antinociceptive effects. J Neurosci 1996; 16: 6601-11.
    • (1996) J Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 6601-6611
    • Martin, W.J.1    Hohmann, A.G.2    Walker, J.M.3
  • 143
    • 0033583134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential cholera-toxin sensitivity of supraspinal antinociception induced by the cannabinoid agonists delta9-THC, WIN 55,212-2 and anandamide in mice
    • Raffa RB, Stone DJJ, Hipp SJ. Differential cholera-toxin sensitivity of supraspinal antinociception induced by the cannabinoid agonists delta9-THC, WIN 55,212-2 and anandamide in mice. Neurosci Lett 2000; 263: 29-32.
    • (2000) Neurosci Lett , vol.263 , pp. 29-32
    • Raffa, R.B.1    Stone, D.J.J.2    Hipp, S.J.3
  • 144
    • 0017643233 scopus 로고
    • The formalin test: A quantitive study of the analgesic effects of morphine, meperidine and brain stem stimulation in rats and cats
    • Dubuisson D, Dennis SG. The formalin test: a quantitive study of the analgesic effects of morphine, meperidine and brain stem stimulation in rats and cats. Pain 1977; 4: 161-74.
    • (1977) Pain , vol.4 , pp. 161-174
    • Dubuisson, D.1    Dennis, S.G.2
  • 145
    • 0026640290 scopus 로고
    • The contribution of excitatory amino acids to central sensitisation and persistent nociception after formalin-induced tissue injury
    • Coderre TJ, Melzack R. The contribution of excitatory amino acids to central sensitisation and persistent nociception after formalin-induced tissue injury. J Neurosci 1992; 12: 3665-70.
    • (1992) J Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 3665-3670
    • Coderre, T.J.1    Melzack, R.2
  • 146
    • 0023553720 scopus 로고
    • Subcutaneous formalin-induced activity of dorsal horn neurones in the rat: Differential response to an intrathecal opiate administered pre or post formalin
    • Dickenson AH, Sullivan JM. Subcutaneous formalin-induced activity of dorsal horn neurones in the rat: differential response to an intrathecal opiate administered pre or post formalin. Pain 1987; 30: 349-60.
    • (1987) Pain , vol.30 , pp. 349-360
    • Dickenson, A.H.1    Sullivan, J.M.2
  • 147
    • 0030044427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of noxious stimulus-evoked expression of fos protein-like immunoreactivity in rat spinal cord by a selective cannabinoid agonist
    • Tsou K, Lowitz KA, Hohmann AG et al. Suppression of noxious stimulus-evoked expression of fos protein-like immunoreactivity in rat spinal cord by a selective cannabinoid agonist. Neuroscience 1996; 70: 791-98.
    • (1996) Neuroscience , vol.70 , pp. 791-798
    • Tsou, K.1    Lowitz, K.A.2    Hohmann, A.G.3
  • 149
    • 0031776783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 receptor agonist palmitoylethanolamide in visceral and somatic inflammatory pain
    • 2 receptor agonist palmitoylethanolamide in visceral and somatic inflammatory pain. Pain 1998; 76: 189-99.
    • (1998) Pain , vol.76 , pp. 189-199
    • Jaggar, S.I.1    Hasnie, F.S.2    Sellaturay, S.3    Rice, A.S.C.4
  • 150
    • 0036157693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiinflammatory action of endocannabinoid palmitoylethanolamide and the synthetic cannabinoid nabilone in a model of acute inflammation in the rat
    • Conti S, Costa B, Colleoni M, Parolaro D, Giagnoni G. Antiinflammatory action of endocannabinoid palmitoylethanolamide and the synthetic cannabinoid nabilone in a model of acute inflammation in the rat. Br J Pharmacol 2002; 135: 181-87.
    • (2002) Br J Pharmacol , vol.135 , pp. 181-187
    • Conti, S.1    Costa, B.2    Colleoni, M.3    Parolaro, D.4    Giagnoni, G.5
  • 151
    • 0033027735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal cannabinoids are antiallodynic in rats with persistent inflammation
    • Martin WJ, Loo CM, Basbaum AI. Spinal cannabinoids are antiallodynic in rats with persistent inflammation. Pain 1999; 82: 199-205.
    • (1999) Pain , vol.82 , pp. 199-205
    • Martin, W.J.1    Loo, C.M.2    Basbaum, A.I.3
  • 153
    • 0032898832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 mesylate blocks the development of hyperalgesia produced by capsaicin in rats
    • Li J, Daughters RS, Bullis C et al. The cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 mesylate blocks the development of hyperalgesia produced by capsaicin in rats. Pain 1999; 81: 25-33.
    • (1999) Pain , vol.81 , pp. 25-33
    • Li, J.1    Daughters, R.S.2    Bullis, C.3
  • 154
    • 0034890340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids attenuate capsaicin-evoked hyperalgesia through spinal and peripheral mechanisms
    • Johanek LM, Heitmiller DR, Turner M, Nader N, Hodges J, Simone DA. Cannabinoids attenuate capsaicin-evoked hyperalgesia through spinal and peripheral mechanisms. Pain 2001; 93: 303-15.
    • (2001) Pain , vol.93 , pp. 303-315
    • Johanek, L.M.1    Heitmiller, D.R.2    Turner, M.3    Nader, N.4    Hodges, J.5    Simone, D.A.6
  • 155
    • 0032587227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local administration of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol attenuates capsaicin-induced thermal nociception in rhesus monkeys: A peripheral cannabinoid action
    • Ko MC, Woods JH. Local administration of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol attenuates capsaicin-induced thermal nociception in rhesus monkeys: a peripheral cannabinoid action. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1999; 143: 322-26.
    • (1999) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.143 , pp. 322-326
    • Ko, M.C.1    Woods, J.H.2
  • 157
    • 0029865544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-(2-hydroxyethyl) hexadecanamide is orally active in reducing edema formation and inflammatory hyperalgesia by down-modulating mast cell activation
    • Mazzari S, Canella R, Petrelli L, Marcolongo G, Leon A. N-(2-hydroxyethyl) hexadecanamide is orally active in reducing edema formation and inflammatory hyperalgesia by down-modulating mast cell activation. Eur J Pharmacol 1996; 300: 227-36.
    • (1996) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.300 , pp. 227-236
    • Mazzari, S.1    Canella, R.2    Petrelli, L.3    Marcolongo, G.4    Leon, A.5
  • 158
    • 0027313392 scopus 로고
    • A proposed autacoid mechanism controlling mastocyte behaviour
    • Aloe L, Leon A, Levi-Montalcini R. A proposed autacoid mechanism controlling mastocyte behaviour. Agents Actions 1993; 39: C145-47.
    • (1993) Agents Actions , vol.39
    • Aloe, L.1    Leon, A.2    Levi-Montalcini, R.3
  • 159
    • 0033961214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human mast cells take up and hydrolyze anandamide under the control of 5-lipoxygenase and do not express cannabinoid receptors
    • Maccarrone M, Fiorucci L, Erba F, Bari M, Finazzi-Agro A, Ascoli F. Human mast cells take up and hydrolyze anandamide under the control of 5-lipoxygenase and do not express cannabinoid receptors. FEBS Lett 2000; 468: 176-80.
    • (2000) FEBS Lett , vol.468 , pp. 176-180
    • Maccarrone, M.1    Fiorucci, L.2    Erba, F.3    Bari, M.4    Finazzi-Agro, A.5    Ascoli, F.6
  • 160
  • 161
    • 0001917105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of endocannabinoids on peripheral NGF-induced neutrophil accumulation in rat skin
    • 2001 Jun 27-30; San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Spain. Burlington, VT: International Cannabinoid Research Society
    • Farquhar-Smith WP, Rice ASC. The effect of endocannabinoids on peripheral NGF-induced neutrophil accumulation in rat skin. In: Proceedings of a Symposium on the Cannabinoids: 2001 Jun 27-30; San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Spain. Burlington, VT: International Cannabinoid Research Society, 2001: 76.
    • (2001) Proceedings of a Symposium on the Cannabinoids , pp. 76
    • Farquhar-Smith, W.P.1    Rice, A.S.C.2
  • 162
    • 0034669221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperalgesia due to nerve injury: Role of neutrophils
    • Perkins MN, Tracey DJ. Hyperalgesia due to nerve injury: role of neutrophils. Neuroscience 2000; 100: 745-57.
    • (2000) Neuroscience , vol.100 , pp. 745-757
    • Perkins, M.N.1    Tracey, D.J.2
  • 163
    • 0031404227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are there fundamental differences in the peripheral mechanisms of visceral and somatic pain?
    • McMahon SB. Are there fundamental differences in the peripheral mechanisms of visceral and somatic pain? Behav Brain Sci 1997; 20: 381-91.
    • (1997) Behav Brain Sci , vol.20 , pp. 381-391
    • McMahon, S.B.1
  • 164
    • 0023205715 scopus 로고
    • A model for the study of visceral pain states: Chronic inflammation of the chronic decerebrate rat urinary bladder by irritant chemicals
    • McMahon SB, Abel C. A model for the study of visceral pain states: chronic inflammation of the chronic decerebrate rat urinary bladder by irritant chemicals. Pain 1987; 28: 109-27.
    • (1987) Pain , vol.28 , pp. 109-127
    • McMahon, S.B.1    Abel, C.2
  • 165
    • 0024230384 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal and behavioural consequences of chemical inflammation of rat urinary bladder
    • McMahon SB. Neuronal and behavioural consequences of chemical inflammation of rat urinary bladder. Agents Actions 1988; 25: 231-33.
    • (1988) Agents Actions , vol.25 , pp. 231-233
    • McMahon, S.B.1
  • 166
    • 0001849162 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the afferent innervation of the inflamed urinary bladder
    • Mayer EA, Raybould H eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • McMahon SB, Koltzenburg M. Changes in the afferent innervation of the inflamed urinary bladder. In: Mayer EA, Raybould H eds. Basic and clinical aspects of chronic abdominal pain. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1993: 155-72.
    • (1993) Basic and Clinical Aspects of Chronic Abdominal Pain , pp. 155-172
    • McMahon, S.B.1    Koltzenburg, M.2
  • 167
    • 0026447854 scopus 로고
    • Increased c-fos expression in spinal neurons after irritation of the lower urinary tract in the rat
    • Birder LA, de Groat WC. Increased c-fos expression in spinal neurons after irritation of the lower urinary tract in the rat. J Neurosci 1992; 12: 4878-89.
    • (1992) J Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 4878-4889
    • Birder, L.A.1    De Groat, W.C.2
  • 168
    • 0032876972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation of the rat urinary bladder is associated with a referred hyperalgesia which is NGF dependent
    • Jaggar SI, Scott HCF, Rice ASC. Inflammation of the rat urinary bladder is associated with a referred hyperalgesia which is NGF dependent. Br J Anaesth 1999; 83: 442-48.
    • (1999) Br J Anaesth , vol.83 , pp. 442-448
    • Jaggar, S.I.1    Scott, H.C.F.2    Rice, A.S.C.3
  • 169
    • 0035089509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Administration of endocannabinoids prevents a referred hyperalgesia associated with inflammation of the urinary bladder
    • Farquhar-Smith WP, Rice ASC. Administration of endocannabinoids prevents a referred hyperalgesia associated with inflammation of the urinary bladder. Anesthesiology 2001; 94: 507-13.
    • (2001) Anesthesiology , vol.94 , pp. 507-513
    • Farquhar-Smith, W.P.1    Rice, A.S.C.2
  • 171
    • 0030200824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitisation of visceral afferents by nerve growth factor in the adult rat
    • Dmitrieva N, McMahon SB. Sensitisation of visceral afferents by nerve growth factor in the adult rat. Pain 1996; 66: 87-97.
    • (1996) Pain , vol.66 , pp. 87-97
    • Dmitrieva, N.1    McMahon, S.B.2
  • 172
    • 0031562358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of nerve growth factor in a model of visceral inflammation
    • Dmitrieva N, Shelton D, Rice ASC, McMahon SB. The role of nerve growth factor in a model of visceral inflammation. Neuroscience 1997; 78: 449-59.
    • (1997) Neuroscience , vol.78 , pp. 449-459
    • Dmitrieva, N.1    Shelton, D.2    Rice, A.S.C.3    McMahon, S.B.4
  • 173
    • 0028289478 scopus 로고
    • Expression and coexpression of trk receptors in subpopulations of adult primary sensory neurons projecting to identified peripheral targets
    • McMahon SB, Armanini MP, Ling LH, Phillips HS. Expression and coexpression of trk receptors in subpopulations of adult primary sensory neurons projecting to identified peripheral targets. Neuron 1994; 12: 1161-71.
    • (1994) Neuron , vol.12 , pp. 1161-1171
    • McMahon, S.B.1    Armanini, M.P.2    Ling, L.H.3    Phillips, H.S.4
  • 175
    • 0344352495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of cannabinoid and mu opioid receptors in rat lumbar spinal cord following neonatal capsaicin
    • Hohmann AG, Herkenham M. Regulation of cannabinoid and mu opioid receptors in rat lumbar spinal cord following neonatal capsaicin. Neurosci Lett 1998; 252: 13-16.
    • (1998) Neurosci Lett , vol.252 , pp. 13-16
    • Hohmann, A.G.1    Herkenham, M.2
  • 176
    • 0342762087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The analgesic effects of R(+)-WIN 55,212-2 mesylate, a high affinity cannabinoid agonist, in a rat model of neuropathic pain
    • Herzberg U, Eliav E, Bennett GJ, Kopin IJ. The analgesic effects of R(+)-WIN 55,212-2 mesylate, a high affinity cannabinoid agonist, in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Neurosci Lett 1997; 221: 157-60.
    • (1997) Neurosci Lett , vol.221 , pp. 157-160
    • Herzberg, U.1    Eliav, E.2    Bennett, G.J.3    Kopin, I.J.4
  • 177
    • 0034951162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The synthetic cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 attenuates hyperalgesia and allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain
    • Bridges D, Ahmad K, Rice ASC. The synthetic cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 attenuates hyperalgesia and allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 133: 586-94.
    • (2001) Br J Pharmacol , vol.133 , pp. 586-594
    • Bridges, D.1    Ahmad, K.2    Rice, A.S.C.3
  • 178
    • 0035059241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 receptor in the antihyperalgesic activity of cannabinoids in a model of neuropathic pain
    • 1 receptor in the antihyperalgesic activity of cannabinoids in a model of neuropathic pain. Pain 2001; 92: 91-100.
    • (2001) Pain , vol.92 , pp. 91-100
    • Fox, A.1    Kesingland, A.2    Gentry, C.3
  • 183
    • 0019605653 scopus 로고
    • Effects of moderate and high doses of marijuana on thermal pain: A sensory decision analysis
    • Clark WC, Janal MN, Zeidenberg P, Nahas GG. Effects of moderate and high doses of marijuana on thermal pain: a sensory decision analysis. J Clin Pharmacol 1981; 21: 299S-310S.
    • (1981) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.21
    • Clark, W.C.1    Janal, M.N.2    Zeidenberg, P.3    Nahas, G.G.4
  • 184
    • 0002135271 scopus 로고
    • Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol as an effective antidepressant and appetite stimulating agent in advanced cancer patients
    • Braude MC, Szara S eds. New York: Raven Press
    • Regelson W, Butler JR, Schulz J et al. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol as an effective antidepressant and appetite stimulating agent in advanced cancer patients. In: Braude MC, Szara S eds. The pharmacology of marijuana. New York: Raven Press, 1976: 763-76.
    • (1976) The Pharmacology of Marijuana , pp. 763-776
    • Regelson, W.1    Butler, J.R.2    Schulz, J.3
  • 185
    • 0016527783 scopus 로고
    • The analgesic properties of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and codeine
    • Noyes R, Brunk SF, Avery DAH, Canter AC. The analgesic properties of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and codeine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1975; 18: 84-89.
    • (1975) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.18 , pp. 84-89
    • Noyes, R.1    Brunk, S.F.2    Avery, D.A.H.3    Canter, A.C.4
  • 187
    • 0017349888 scopus 로고
    • Effects of intravenous tetrahydrocannabinol on experimental and surgical pain: Psychological correlates of the analgesic response
    • Raft D, Gregg J, Ghia J, Harris L. Effects of intravenous tetrahydrocannabinol on experimental and surgical pain: psychological correlates of the analgesic response. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1977; 21: 26-33.
    • (1977) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.21 , pp. 26-33
    • Raft, D.1    Gregg, J.2    Ghia, J.3    Harris, L.4
  • 188
    • 0018090510 scopus 로고
    • Effect of a nitrogen analogue of tetrahydrocannabinol on cancer pain
    • Staquet M, Gantt C, Machin D. Effect of a nitrogen analogue of tetrahydrocannabinol on cancer pain. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1978; 23: 397-401.
    • (1978) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.23 , pp. 397-401
    • Staquet, M.1    Gantt, C.2    Machin, D.3
  • 189
    • 85089556486 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of intra-muscular levonantradol in acute post operative pain
    • Jain AK, Ryan JE, McMahan FG, Smith G. Evaluation of intra-muscular levonantradol in acute post operative pain. J Clin Pharmacol 1981; 21: 3205-65.
    • (1981) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.21 , pp. 3205-3265
    • Jain, A.K.1    Ryan, J.E.2    McMahan, F.G.3    Smith, G.4
  • 190
    • 0344360756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research casts doubt on cannabis benefits
    • July 6
    • Boseley S. Research casts doubt on cannabis benefits. The Guardian 2001 July 6. Retrieved 28 August 2003 from: http://www.guardian.co.uk_news/story/0,3604,517557,00.html
    • (2001) The Guardian
    • Boseley, S.1
  • 193
    • 0345669751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preliminary controlled study to determine whether whole-plant cannabis extracts can improve intractable neurogenic symptoms
    • Wade DT, Robson P, House H, Makela P, Aram J. A preliminary controlled study to determine whether whole-plant cannabis extracts can improve intractable neurogenic symptoms. Clin Rehabil 2003; 17: 21-29.
    • (2003) Clin Rehabil , vol.17 , pp. 21-29
    • Wade, D.T.1    Robson, P.2    House, H.3    Makela, P.4    Aram, J.5
  • 194
    • 0344360755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids and pain
    • Dostrovsky JO, Carr DB, Kolzenburg M eds. (Progress in pain research and management); Aug 17-22; San Diego, CA, USA. Seattle: IASP Press
    • Rice ASC, Farquhar-Smith WP, Bridges D, Brooks J. Cannabinoids and pain. In: Dostrovsky JO, Carr DB, Kolzenburg M eds. Proceedings of the 10th World Congress on Pain (Progress in pain research and management, vol. 24); 2002 Aug 17-22; San Diego, CA, USA. Seattle: IASP Press, 2003: 437-68.
    • (2002) Proceedings of the 10th World Congress on Pain , vol.24 , pp. 437-468
    • Rice, A.S.C.1    Farquhar-Smith, W.P.2    Bridges, D.3    Brooks, J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.