T cell regulation as a side effect of homeostasis and competition

Journal of Experimental Medicine

Volumn 197, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 451-460

  Barthlott, Thomas ^a   Kassiotis, George ^a   Stockinger, Brigitta ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

CD4T cells; Homeostasis; Immune pathology; Lymphopenia; T cell regulation

Indexed keywords

CD4 ANTIGEN; CD45 ANTIGEN; CD5 ANTIGEN; PEPTIDE;

ADOPTIVE TRANSFER; ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; ARTICLE; CELL SPECIFICITY; CELL TRANSFER; CONTROLLED STUDY; HOMEOSTASIS; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNOPATHOLOGY; IMMUNOREGULATION; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; LYMPHOCYTE DEPLETION; LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION; LYMPHOCYTOPENIA; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BINDING; REGULATORY MECHANISM; T LYMPHOCYTE; T LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATION; TRANSGENE; WASTING SYNDROME;

ANIMALS; ANTIGENS; ANTIGENS, CD45; CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES; CD8-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES; H-2 ANTIGENS; HOMEODOMAIN PROTEINS; HOMEOSTASIS; LYMPHOPENIA; MICE; MICE, INBRED C57BL; RECEPTORS, INTERLEUKIN-2; T-LYMPHOCYTES;

EID: 0037450727     PISSN: 00221007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1084/jem.20021387     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Kedl, R.M., B.C. Schaefer, J.W. Kappler, and P. Marrack. 2002. T cells down-modulate peptide-MHC complexes on APCs in vivo. Nat. Immunol. 3:27-32.
2. Freitas, A.A., and B. Rocha. 1999. Peripheral T cell survival. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 11:152-156.
3. Tanchot, C., and B. Rocha. 1998. The organization of mature T-cell pools. Immunol. Today. 19:575-579.
4. Groux, H., and F. Powrie. 1999. Regulatory T cells and inflammatory bowel disease. Immunol. Today. 20:442-445.
5. + T cells induce or protect from chronic intestinal inflammation in C. B-17 scid mice. Int. Immunol. 5:1461-1471.
6. Gleeson, P.A., B.-H. Toh, and I.R. van Driel. 1996. Organ- specific autoimmunity induced by lymphopenia. Immunol. Rev. 149:97-125.
7. Sakaguchi, S. 2000. Regulatory T cells: key controllers of immunologic self-tolerance. Cell. 101:455-458.
8. Shevach, E.M. 2000. Suppressor T cells: Rebirth, function and homeostasis. Curr. Biol. 10:R572-R575.
9. Fry, T.J., and C.L. Mackall. 2001. Interleukin-7: master regulator of peripheral T cell homeostasis. Trends Immunol. 22:564-571.
10. Powrie, F., K.J. Maloy, and F. Powrie. 2001. Regulatory T cells in the control of immune pathology. Nat. Immunol. 2:816-822.
11. Sakaguchi, S., N. Sakaguchi, M. Asano, M. Itoh, and M. Toda. 1995. Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor alpha-chains (CD25). Breakdown of a single mechanism of self-tolerance causes various autoimmune diseases. J. Immunol. 155:1151-1164.
12. + regulatory cells that control intestinal inflammation. J. Exp. Med. 192:295-302.
13. + regulatory T cells constitutively expressing cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4. J. Exp. Med. 192:303-310.
14. Shimizu, J., S. Yamazaki, T. Takahashi, Y. Ishida, and S. Sakaguchi. 2002. Stimulation of CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells through GITR breaks immunological self-tolerance. Nat. Immunol. 3:135-142.
15. McHugh, R.S., M.J. Whitters, C.A. Piccirillo, D.A. Young, E.M. Shevach, M. Collins, and M.C. Byrne. 2002. CD4(+)CD25(+) immunoregulatory T cells: gene expression analysis reveals a functional role for the glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor. Immunity. 16:311-323.
16. - thymocytes. J. Exp. Med. 189:279-288.
17. + T cell lines. J. Exp. Med. 185:1769-1775.
18. Groux, H., A. O'Garra, M. Bigler, M. Rouleau, S. Antonenko, J.E. de Vries, and M.G. Roncarolo. 1997. A CD4+ T-cell subset inhibits antigen-specific T-cell responses and prevents colitis. Nature. 389:737-742.
19. Powrie, F., J. Carlino, M.W. Leach, S. Mauze, and R.L. Coffman. 1996. A critical role for transforming growth factor-beta but not interleukin 4 in the suppression of T helper type 1-mediated colitis by CD45RB(low) CD4+ T cells. J. Exp. Med. 183:2669-2674.
20. Shevach, E.M. 2000. Regulatory T cells in autoimmunity. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 18:423-449.
21. Stockinger, B., T. Barthlott, and G. Kassiotis. 2001. T cell regulation: a special job or everyone's responsibility? Nat. Immunol. 2:757-758.
22. Ge, Q., V.P. Rao, B.K. Cho, H.N. Eisen, and J. Chen. 2001. Dependence of lymphopenia-induced T cell proliferation on the abundance of peptide/MHC epitopes and strenght of their interaction with T cell receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 98:1728-1733.
23. Wong, P., G.M. Barton, K.A. Forbush, and A.Y. Rudensky. 2001. Dynamic tuning of T cell reactivity by self-peptide-major histocompatibility complex ligands. J. Exp. Med. 193:1179-1187.
24. Tarakhovsky, A., S.B. Kanner, J. Hombach, J.A. Ledbetter, W. Muller, N. Killeen, and K. Rajewsky. 1995. A role for CD5 in TCR-mediated signal transduction and thymocyte selection. Science. 269:535-537.
25. Azzam, H.S., A. Grinberg, K. Lui, H. Shen, E.W. Shores, and P.E. Love. 1998. CD5 expression is developmentally regulated by T cell receptor (TCR) signals and TCR avidity. J. Exp. Med. 188:2301-2311.
26. Smith, K., B. Seddon, M.A. Purbhoo, R. Zamoyska, A.G. Fisher, and M. Merkenschlager. 2001. Sensory adaptation in naive peripheral CD4 T cells. J. Exp. Med. 194:1253-1261.
27. + immunoregulatory T cells suppress polyclonal T cell activation in vitro by inhibiting interleukin 2 production. J. Exp. Med. 188:287-296.
28. Tanchot, C., A. Le Campion, S. Leaument, N. Dautigny, and B. Lucas. 2001. Naive CD4(+) lymphocytes convert to anergic or memory-like cells in T cell-deprived recipients. Eur. J. Immunol. 31:2256-2265.
29. Ferreira, C., T. Barthlott, S. Garcia, R. Zamoyska, and B. Stockinger. 2000. Differential survival of naive CD4 and CD8 T cells. J. Immunol. 165:3689-3694.
30. + suppressor T cells: more questions than answers. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2:389-400.
31. Kieper, W.C., and S.C. Jameson. 1999. Homeostatic expansion and phenotypic conversion of naive T cells in response to self peptide/MHC ligands. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 96:13306-13311.
32. Kaye, J., G. Kersh, I. Engel, and S.M. Hedrick. 1991. Structure and specificity of the T cell antigen receptor. Semin. Immunol. 3:269-281.
33. Critchfield, J.M., M.K. Racke, J.C. Zuniga-Pflücker, B. Cannella, C.S. Raine, J. Goverman, and M.J. Lenardo. 1994. T cell deletion in high antigen dose therapy of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Science. 263:1139-1143.
34. Webb, S., C. Morris, and J. Sprent. 1990. Extrathymic tolerance of mature T cells: clonal elimination as a consequence of immunity. Cell. 63:1249-1256.
35. Letterio, J.J., and A.B. Roberts. 1998. Regulation of immune responses by TGF-beta. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 16:137-161.
36. Moore, K.W., R. de Waal Malefyt, R.L. Coffman, and A. O'Garra. 2001. Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 19:683-765.
37. Steinman, R.M., S. Turley, I. Mellman, and K. Inaba. 2000. The induction of tolerance by dendritic cells that have captured apoptotic cells. J. Exp. Med. 191:411-416.
38. Thompson, C.B., and J.P. Allison. 1997. The emerging role of CTLA-4 as an immune attenuator. Immunity. 7:445-450.
39. Mondino, A., A. Khoruts, and M.K. Jenkins. 1996. The anatomy of T-cell activation and tolerance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93:2245-2252.
40. Doyle, A.M., A.C. Mullen, A.V. Villarino, A.S. Hutchins, F.A. High, H.W. Lee, C.B. Thompson, and S.L. Reiner. 2001. Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) restricts clonal expansion of helper T cells. J. Exp. Med. 194:893-902.
41. Van Parijs, L., D.A. Peterson, and A.K. Abbas. 1998. The Fas/Fas ligand pathway and Bcl-2 regulate T cell responses to model self and foreign antigens. Immunity. 8:265-274.
42. Poussier, P., A.F. Nakhooda, J.A. Falk, C. Lee, and E.B. Marliss. 1982. Lymphopenia and abnormal lymphocyte subsets in the "BB" rat: relationship to the diabetic syndrome. Endocrinology. 110:1825-1827.
43. Pontesilli, O., P. Carotenuto, L.S. Gazda, P.F. Pratt, and S.J. Prowse. 1987. Circulating lymphocyte populations and autoantibodies in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice: a longitudinal study. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 70:84-93.
44. Annacker, O., R. Pimenta-Araujo, O. Burlen-Defranoux, T.C. Barbosa, A. Cumano, and A. Bandeira. 2001. CD25(+) CD4(+) T cells regulate the expansion of peripheral CD4 T cells through the production of II-10. J. Immunol. 166:3008-3018.
45. Tanchot, C., A. Le Campion, B. Martin, S. Leaument, N. Dautigny, and B. Lucas. 2002. Conversion of naive T cells to a memory-like phenotype in lymphopenic hosts is not related to a homeostatic mechanism that fills the peripheral naive T cell pool. J. Immunol. 168:5042-5046.
46. Furtado, G.C., D. Olivares-Villagomez, M.A. Curotto de La-faille, A.K. Wensky, J.A. Latkowski, and J.J. Lafaille. 2001. Regulatory T cells in spontaneous autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunol. Rev. 182:122-134.
47. Stephens, L.A., and D. Mason. 2000. CD25 is a marker for CD4+ thymocytes that prevent autoimmune diabetes in rats, but peripheral T cells with this function are found in both CD25+ and CD25- subpopulations. J. Immunol. 165:3105-3110.
48. + T cell division in irradiated mice requires peptides distinct from those responsible for thymic selection. J. Exp. Med. 190:367-374.
49. Olivares-Villagomez, D., A.K. Wensky, Y. Wang, and J.J. Lafaille. 2000. Repertoire requirements of CD4+ T cells that prevent spontaneous autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 164:5499-5507.
50. Suri-Payer, E., A.Z. Amar, A.M. Thornton, and E.M. Shevach. 1998. CD4+CD25+ T cells inhibit both the induction and effector function of autoreactive T cells and represent a unique lineage of immunoregulatory cells. J. Immunol. 160:1212-1218.
51. Kassiotis, G., S. Garcia, E. Simpson, and B. Stockinger. 2002. Impairment of immunological memory in the absence of MHC despite survival of memory T cells. Nat. Immunol. 3:244-250.
52. Marrack, P., J. Bender, D. Hildeman, M. Jordan, T. Mitchell, M. Murakami, A. Sakamoto, B.C. Schaefer, B. Swanson, and J. Kappler. 2000. Homeostasis of alpha beta TCR+ T cells. Nat. Immunol. 1:107-111.
53. Sprent, J., and C.D. Surh. 2001. Generation and maintenance of memory T cells. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 13:248-254.
54. Dummer, W., B. Ernst, E. LeRoy, D. Lee, and C. Surh. 2001. Autologous regulation of naive T cell homeostasis within the T cell compartment. J. Immunol. 166:2460-2468.
55. Freitas, A.A., and B. Rocha. 2000. Population Biology of lymphocytes: the flight for survival. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 18:83-111.
56. Schluns, K.S., W.C. Kieper, S.C. Jameson, and L. Lefrancois. 2000. Interleukin-7 mediates the homeostasis of naive and memory CD8 T cells in vivo. Nat. Immunol. 1:426-432.
57. Apostolou, I., A. Sarukhan, L. Klein, and H. von Boehmer. 2002. Origin of regulatory T cells with known specificity for antigen. Nat. Immunol. 3:756-763.
58. Almeida, A.R., N. Legrand, M. Papiernik, and A.A. Freitas. 2002. Homeostasis of peripheral CD4(+) T cells: IL-2Ralpha and IL-2 shape a population of regulatory cells that controls CD4(+) T cell numbers. J. Immunol. 169:4850-4860.
59. Malek, T.R., A. Yu, V. Vincek, P. Scibelli, and L. Kong. 2002. CD4 regulatory T cells prevent lethal autoimmunity in IL-2Rbeta-deficient mice. Implications for the nonredundant function of IL-2. Immunity. 17:167-178.
60. Chen, W., W. Jin, and S.M. Wahl. 1998. Engagement of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) induces transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) production by murine CD4(+) T cells. J. Exp. Med. 188:1849-1857.
61. Jordan, M.S., A. Boesteanu, A.J. Reed, A.L. Petrone, A.E. Holenbeck, M.A. Lerman, A. Naji, and A.J. Caton. 2001. Thymic selection of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells induced by an agonist self-peptide. Nat. Immunol. 2:301-306.
62. Takahashi, T., Y. Kuniyasu, M. Toda, N. Sakaguchi, M. Itoh, M. Iwata, J. Shimizu, and S. Sakaguchi. 1998. Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by CD25+CD4+ naturally anergic and suppressive T cells: induction of autoimmune disease by breaking their anergic/suppressive state. Int. Immunol. 10:1969-1980.
63. Gavin, M.A., S.R. Clarke, E. Negrou, A. Gallegos, and A. Rudensky. 2002. Homeostasis and anergy of CD4+CD25+ suppressor T cells in vivo. Nat. Immunol. 3:33-41.
64. Iwashiro, M., R.J. Messer, K.E. Peterson, I.M. Stromnes, T. Sugie, and K.J. Hasenkrug. 2001. Immunosuppression by CD4+ regulatory T cells induced by chronic retroviral infection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 98:9226-9230.
65. Shimizu, J., S. Yamazaki, and S. Sakaguchi. 1999. Induction of tumor immunity by removing CD25+CD4+ T cells: a common basis between tumor immunity and autoimmunity. J. Immunol. 163:5211-5218.
66. Grossman, Z., and W.E. Paul. 2000. Self-tolerance: context dependent tuning of T cell antigen recognition. Semin. Immunol. 12:197-203.