Childhood obesity: Public-health crisis, common sense cure

Lancet

Volumn 360, Issue 9331, 2002, Pages 473-482

  Ebbeling, Cara B ^a   Pawlak, Dorota B ^a   Ludwig, David S ^a  

^a BOSTON CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

OCTREOTIDE; SIBUTRAMINE; TETRAHYDROLIPSTATIN;

ASTHMA; BODY WEIGHT; CARBOHYDRATE DIET; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; CHRONIC INFLAMMATION; CONFERENCE PAPER; DIET THERAPY; DRUG EFFECT; DYSLIPIDEMIA; ENDOTHELIUM LESION; ENERGY; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; EPIDEMIC; HUMAN; HYPERINSULINEMIA; HYPERTENSION; LIFESTYLE; LIPID DIET; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; PHYSICAL CAPACITY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLIC HEALTH; SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE;

EID: 0037055715     PISSN: 01406736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09678-2     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (164)

1. Prevalence and trends in overweight and obesity in three cross-sectional studies of British children 1974-94
2. Trends of obesity and underweight in older children and adolescents in the United States, Brazil, China, and Russia
3. Secular trends in growth and changes in eating patterns of Japanese children
4. Prevalence and trends of overweight among preschool children in developing countries
5. Obesity prevalence and trends in Latin-American countries
6. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australian children and adolescents: Reassessment of 1985 and 1995 data against new standard international definitions
7. Changes in the distribution of body mass index of adults and children in the US population
8. Prevalence of overweight and obese children between 1989 and 1998: Population based series of cross-sectional studies
9. Epidemic increase in childhood overweight 1986-1998
10. Socioeconomic determinants of health: The contribution of nutrition to inequalities in health
11. Determinants of adolescent physical activity and inactivity patterns
12. Obesity in Latin American women and children
13. The underweight/overweight household: An exploration of household sociodemographic and dietary factors in China
14. An overview on the nutrition transition and its health implications: The Bellagio meeting
15. Risks and consequences of childhood and adolescent obesity
16. Weight status, parent reaction, and self-concept in five-year-old girls
17. Childhood obesity and self-esteem
18. Are overweight children unhappy? Body mass index, depressive symptoms, and overweight concerns in elementary school children
19. Overweight, weight concerns, and bulimic behaviors among girls and boys
20. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: Relation of age and obesity in children
21. Risk factors for sleep-disordered breathing in children: Associations with obesity, race, and respiratory problems
22. Association between obesity and asthma in 4-11 year old children in the UK
23. Assessment of cardiovascular exercise function in obese children and adolescents by body mass-independent parameters
24. The relation of overweight to cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents: The Bogalusa Heart Study
25. C-reactive protein and body mass index in children: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994
26. Fat distribution and hemostatic measures in obese children
27. Presence of increased stiffness of the common carotid artery and endothelial dysfunction in severely obese children: A prospective study
28. Predictability of childhood adiposity and insulin for developing insulin resistance syndrome (syndrome X) in young adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study
29. Prevalence of abnormal serum aminotransferase values in overweight and obese adolescents
30. Cholelithiasis: Clinical characteristics in children - Case analysis and literature review
31. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children: Primary care and public health considerations
32. Earlier onset of puberty in girls: Relation to increased body mass index and race
33. Early metabolic abnormalities in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome
34. Hypogonadism and obesity
35. Proteinuria and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in severely obese adolescents
36. Bone mineral density and body composition in boys with distal forearm fractures: A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry study
37. Does obesity influence foot structure and plantar pressure patterns in prepubescent children?
38. The epidemiology of bilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis
39. Blount disease (tibia vara): Another skeletal disorder associated with childhood obesity
40. Evaluation of the insulin resistance syndrome in 5- to 10-year-old overweight/obese African-American children
41. Prevalence and extent of atherosclerosis in adolescents and young adults: Implications for prevention from the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth Study
42. Association of coronary heart disease risk factors with microscopic qualities of coronary atherosclerosis in youth
43. Childhood obesity and adult cardiovascular mortality: A 57-y follow-up study based on the Boyd Orr cohort
44. Type 2 diabetes among North American children and adolescents: An epidemiologic review and a public health perspective
45. Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance among children and adolescents with marked obesity
46. Fat, friendless and unhealthy: 9-year old children's perception of body shape stereotypes
47. Implicit anti-fat bias among health professionals: Is anyone immune?
48. Ethnic variation in cardiovascular disease risk factors among children and young adults: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994
49. Fat distribution and insulin response in prepubertal African American and white children
50. Cardiovascular disease insulin risk in Mexican-American and Anglo-American children and mothers
51. Self-esteem and adiposity in black and white girls: The NHLBI Growth and Health Study
52. The neuroendocrinology of childhood obesity
53. Congenital leptin deficiency is associated with severe early-onset obesity in humans
54. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue
55. Recent advances in the genetics of severe obesity
56. Paternal transmission of the very common class I INS VNTR alleles predisposes to childhood obesity
57. The human obesity gene map: The 2001 update
58. Role of the prenatal environment in the development of obesity
59. Gestational obesity accentuates obesity in obesity-prone progeny
60. Obesity in young men after famine exposure in utero and early infancy
61. The nutrition transition and its health implications in lower income countries
62. Risk of overweight among adolescents who were breastfed as infants
63. Breast feeding and obesity: Cross sectional study
64. Adiposity rebound in children: A simple indicator for predicting obesity
65. Early adiposity rebound and the risk of adult obesity
66. Childhood weight, stature, and body mass index among never overweight, early-onset overweight, and late-onset overweight groups
67. BMI rebound, childhood height and obesity among adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study
68. "Adiposity rebound": Reality or epiphenomenon?
69. Physical activity and determinants of physical activity in obese and non-obese children
70. Relationship of physical activity and television watching with body weight and level of fatness among children: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
71. Association of obesity with physical activity, television programs and other forms of video viewing among children in Mexico City
72. Activity, dietary intake, and weight changes in a longitudinal study of preadolescent and adolescent boys and girls
73. Aerobic fitness, not energy expenditure, influences subsequent increase in adiposity in black and white children
74. Role of physical activity in the prevention of obesity in children
75. Does television cause childhood obesity?
76. Effects of manipulating sedentary behavior on physical activity and food intake
77. Food advertisements during children's Saturday morning television programming: Are they consistent with dietary recommendations?
78. Food advertising on British children's television: A content analysis and experimental study with nine-year olds
79. Advertised foods on children's television
80. The 30-second effect: An experiment revealing the impact of television commercials on food preferences of preschoolers
81. Relationships between use of television during meals and children's food consumption patterns
82. Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity: A randomized controlled trial
83. Is fat intake a risk factor for fat gain in children?
84. Diet composition and body composition in preschool children
85. Dietary fiber, weight gain and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults: The CARDIA Study
86. Energy and fat intakes of children and adolescents in the United States: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
87. US adolescent food intake trends from 1965 to 1996
88. AHA scientific statement: Summary of the Scientific Conference on Dietary Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health
89. Trans-fatty-acid content of common foods
90. Dietary fat intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in women
91. Dietary fat intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in women
92. Dietary sources of nutrients among US children, 1989-1991
93. International tables of glycemic index
94. Treating obesity in youth: Should dietary glycemic load be a consideration?
95. The glycemic index: Physiological mechanisms relating to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease
96. High glycemic index foods, overeating, and obesity
97. Nutrient intakes as predictors of body weight in European people with type 1 diabetes
98. A prospective study of dietary glycemic load, carbohydrate intake, and risk of coronary heart disease in women
99. Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women
100. Changes in children's total fat intakes and their food group sources of fat, 1989-91 versus 1994-95: Implications for diet quality
101. Soft drink consumption among US children and adolescents: Nutritional consequences
102. Relation between consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and childhood obesity: A prospective, observational analysis
103. Causes of obesity
104. Dairy consumption, obesity, and the insulin resistance syndrome in young adults: The CARDIA study
105. The role of energy density in the overconsumption of fat
106. Energy density of foods affects energy intake across multiple levels of fat content in lean and obese women
107. Associations between energy density and macronutrient composition in the diets of pre-school children: Sugars vs starch
108. Serving portion size influences 5-year-old but not 3-year-old children's food intake
109. Diet and risk of type II diabetes: The role of types of fat and carbohydrate
110. Plausible mechanisms for the protectiveness of whole grains
111. Fast food restaurant use among adolescents: Associations with nutrient intake, food choices and behavioral and psychosocial variables
112. Fast food restaurant use among women in the Pound of Prevention study: Dietary, behavioral and demographic correlates
113. The relation between dietary change and rising US obesity
114. A longitudinal study of the dietary practices of black and white girls 9 and 10 years old at enrollment: The NHLBI Growth and Health Study
115. Children's patterns of macronutrient intake and associations with restaurant and home eating
116. Household television access: Associations with screen time, reading, and homework among youth
117. Family dinner and diet quality among older children and adolescents
118. A review of correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents
119. Parental neglect during childhood and increased risk of obesity in young adulthood
120. The association between childhood depression and adult body mass index
121. Further evidence of an association between psychosocial problems and increase in relative weight between 7 and 10 years of age
122. Childhood adversities associated with risk for eating disorders or weight problems during adolescence or early adulthood
123. Methods for voluntary weight loss and control: NIH technology assessment conference panel
124. Obesity evaluation and treatment: Expert committee recommendations
125. Treatment of pediatric obesity
126. Prevention and progression to severe obesity in a group of obese schoolchildren treated with family therapy
127. An evaluation of enhanced self-regulation training in the treatment of childhood obesity
128. Long-term follow-up of a cognitive behavioral treatment program for obese children
129. Ten-year follow-up of behavioral, family-based treatment for obese children
130. Ten year outcomes of behavioral family-based treatment for childhood obesity
131. Behavioral therapy in the treatment of pediatric obesity
132. Reducing obesity via a school-based interdisciplinary intervention among youth
133. Evaluation of implementation and effect of primary school based intervention to reduce risk factors for obesity
134. Randomised controlled trial of primary school based intervention to reduce risk factors for obesity
135. The epidemic of obesity in American Indian communities and the need for childhood obesity-prevention programs
136. Multisite formative assessment for the Pathways study to prevent obesity in American Indian schoolchildren
137. The effect of Pathways obesity prevention study on body composition in American children
138. Impact of the Pathways intervention on dietary intake of American Indian school children
139. The effects of the Pathways obesity prevention program on physical activity in American Indian children
140. Outcomes of a field trial to improve children's dietary patterns and physical activity: The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH)
141. Valvular heart disease associated with fenfluramine-phentermine
142. Long-term pharmacotherapy of obesity 2000: A review of the efficacy and safety
143. The effects of Metformin on body mass index and glucose tolerance in obese adolescents with fasting hyperinsulinemia and a family history of type 2 diabetes
144. Hypothalamic obesity caused by cranial insult in children: Altered glucose and insulin dynamics and reversal by somatostatin agonist
145. Sustained benefit after 2 years of growth hormone on body composition, fat utilization, physical strength and agility, and growth in Prader-Willi syndrome
146. Effects of recombinant leptin therapy in a child with congenital leptin deficiency
147. Intensive therapies for pediatric obesity
148. Gastric bypass surgery in adolescents with morbid obesity
149. Confronting a rising tide of eating disorders and obesity: Treatment vs prevention and policy
150. American children's diets not making the grade
151. Environmental influences on eating and physical activity
152. Environmental contributors to the obesity epidemic
153. Psychosocial correlates of physical activity in healthy children
154. Soft drink "pouring rights": Marketing empty calories to children
155. Food company sponsorship of nutrition research and professional activities: A conflict of interest?
156. Big sugar is bitter about diet advice
157. Insurance reimbursement for the treatment of obesity in children
158. Economic burden of obesity in youths aged 6 to 17 years: 1979-1999
159. Natural history of type 2 diabetes diagnosed in childhood: Long term follow-up in young adult years
160. Infant and adult obesity