메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 6, 2002, Pages 659-678

Targeting the Raf kinase cascade in cancer therapy - Novel molecular targets and therapeutic strategies

Author keywords

Akt; Chemotherapy; Drug resistance; Epidermal growth factor (EGF); Extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK); Inhibitors; Janus family of kinases (JAK); MAPK kinase (MEK); Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK); Oncogenes; Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase C (P13K); Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF); Protein kinase C (PKC); Raf; Ras; Signal transduction

Indexed keywords

2 (2 AMINO 3 METHOXYPHENYL)CHROMONE; 2 (2 CHLORO 4 IODOANILINO) N CYCLOPROPYLMETHOXY 3,4 DIFLUOROBENZAMIDE; 2 [1 (3 AMIDINOTHIOPROPYL) 1H INDOL 3 YL] 3 (1 METHYL 1H INDOL 3 YL)MALEIMIDE; 2 [1 (3 DIMETHYLAMINOPROPYL) 3 INDOLYL] 3 (3 INDOLYL)MALEIMIDE; 3 BENZYL 7 CYANO 2,3,4,5 TETRAHYDRO 1 (1H IMIDAZOL 4 YLMETHYL) 4 (2 THIENYLSULFONYL) 1H 1,4 BENZODIAZEPINE; 4 (3 BROMOANILINO) 6,7 DIMETHOXYQUINAZOLINE; 4 (4 HYDROXYANILINO) 6,7 DIMETHOXYQUINAZOLINE; 6,7 DIMETHYL 2 PHENYLQUINOXALINE; 7 HYDROXYSTAUROSPORINE; APTAMER; CGP 69846A; ERLOTINIB; GEFITINIB; GELDANAMYCIN; IMATINIB; ISIS 3521; L 778123; LONAFARNIB; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; N [4 METHYL 3 [4 (3 PYRIDINYL) 2 PYRIMIDINYLAMINO]PHENYL]BENZAMIDE; N BENZYL 2 CYANO 3 (3,4 DIHYDROXYPHENYL)ACRYLAMIDE; NOVOBIOCIN; NUCLEIC ACID; PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR; PROTEIN KINASE; RAF PROTEIN; STAUROSPORINE; TIPIFARNIB; UNINDEXED DRUG; UO 126;

EID: 0036931949     PISSN: 14728222     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14728222.6.6.659     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (43)

References (113)
  • 1
    • 0025823448 scopus 로고
    • ERKs: A family of protein-serine/threonine kinases that are activated and tyrosine phosphorylated in response to insulin and NGF
    • BOULTON TG, NYE SH, ROBBINS DJ et al.: ERKs: a family of protein-serine/threonine kinases that are activated and tyrosine phosphorylated in response to insulin and NGF. Cell (1991) 65(4):663-675.
    • (1991) Cell , vol.65 , Issue.4 , pp. 663-675
    • Boulton, T.G.1    Nye, S.H.2    Robbins, D.J.3
  • 2
    • 0026539931 scopus 로고
    • The primary structure of MEK, a protein kinase that phosphorylates the ERK gene product
    • (5081)
    • CREWS CM, ALESSANDRINI A, ERIKSON RL: The primary structure of MEK, a protein kinase that phosphorylates the ERK gene product. Science (1992) 258(5081):478-480.
    • (1992) Science , vol.258 , pp. 478-480
    • Crews, C.M.1    Alessandrini, A.2    Erikson, R.L.3
  • 3
    • 0026647749 scopus 로고
    • Raf-1 activates MAP kinase-kinase
    • (6385)
    • KYRIAKIS JM, APP H, ZHANG XF et al.: Raf-1 activates MAP kinase-kinase. Nature (1992) 358(6385):417-421.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.358 , pp. 417-421
    • Kyriakis, J.M.1    App, H.2    Zhang, X.F.3
  • 4
    • 0035240617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Farnesyl transferase inhibitors: A novel targeted therapy for cancer
    • JOHNSTON SR: Farnesyl transferase inhibitors: a novel targeted therapy for cancer. Lancet Oncol. (2001) 2(1):18-26.
    • (2001) Lancet Oncol. , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 18-26
    • Johnston, S.R.1
  • 5
    • 0031817208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The p38 MAP kinase pathway and its biological function
    • NEW L, HAN J: The p38 MAP kinase pathway and its biological function. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. (1998) 8(5):220-228.
    • (1998) Trends Cardiovasc. Med. , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 220-228
    • New, L.1    Han, J.2
  • 6
    • 0034653850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular determinants that mediate selective activation of p38 MAP kinase isoforms
    • ENSLEN H, BRANCHO DM, DAVIS RJ: Molecular determinants that mediate selective activation of p38 MAP kinase isoforms. EMBO J. (2000) 19(6):1301-1311.
    • (2000) EMBO J. , vol.19 , Issue.6 , pp. 1301-1311
    • Enslen, H.1    Brancho, D.M.2    Davis, R.J.3
  • 7
    • 0034097798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MAP kinase pathways activated by stress: The p38 MAPK pathway
    • OBATA T, BROWN GE, YAFFE MB: MAP kinase pathways activated by stress: the p38 MAPK pathway. Crit. Care Med. (2000) 28(4 Suppl.):N67-N77.
    • (2000) Crit. Care Med. , vol.28 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Obata, T.1    Brown, G.E.2    Yaffe, M.B.3
  • 8
    • 0028558986 scopus 로고
    • Role of SAPK/ERK kinase-1 in the stress-activated pathway regulating transcription factor c-Jun
    • (6508)
    • SANCHEZ I, HUGHES RT, MAYER BJ et al.: Role of SAPK/ERK kinase-1 in the stress-activated pathway regulating transcription factor c-Jun. Nature (1994) 372(6508):794-798.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.372 , pp. 794-798
    • Sanchez, I.1    Hughes, R.T.2    Mayer, B.J.3
  • 9
    • 0033231020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From receptors to stress-activated MAP kinases
    • ICHIJO H: From receptors to stress-activated MAP kinases. Oncogene (1999) 18(45):6087-6093.
    • (1999) Oncogene , vol.18 , Issue.45 , pp. 6087-6093
    • Ichijo, H.1
  • 10
    • 0036072924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ras/Raf signalling and emerging pharmacotherapeutic targets
    • KOLCH W: Ras/Raf signalling and emerging pharmacotherapeutic targets. Expert Opin. Pharmacother. (2002) 3(6):709-718.
    • (2002) Expert Opin. Pharmacother. , vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp. 709-718
    • Kolch, W.1
  • 11
    • 0034773992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The EGFR family and its ligands in human cancer. Signalling mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities
    • YARDEN Y: The EGFR family and its ligands in human cancer. Signalling mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Eur. J. Cancer (2001) 37(Suppl. 4):S3-S8.
    • (2001) Eur. J. Cancer , vol.37 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Yarden, Y.1
  • 12
    • 0034450953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Raf signal transduction cascade as a target for chemotherapeutic intervention in growth factor-responsive tumors
    • WEINSTEIN-OPPENHEIMER CR, BLALOCK WL, STEELMAN LS, CHANG F, MCCUBREY JA: The Raf signal transduction cascade as a target for chemotherapeutic intervention in growth factor-responsive tumors. Pharmacol. Ther. (2000) 88(3):229-279.
    • (2000) Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.88 , Issue.3 , pp. 229-279
    • Weinstein-Oppenheimer, C.R.1    Blalock, W.L.2    Steelman, L.S.3    Chang, F.4    Mccubrey, J.A.5
  • 13
    • 0035868359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative role of ErbB1-4 receptor tyrosine kinases in radiation signal transduction responses of human carcinoma cells
    • BOWERS G, REARDON D, HEWITT T et al.: The relative role of ErbB1-4 receptor tyrosine kinases in radiation signal transduction responses of human carcinoma cells. Oncogene (2001) 20(11):1388-1397.
    • (2001) Oncogene , vol.20 , Issue.11 , pp. 1388-1397
    • Bowers, G.1    Reardon, D.2    Hewitt, T.3
  • 14
    • 0032875460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of action and in vivo role of platelet-derived growth factor
    • HELDIN CH, WESTERMARK B: Mechanism of action and in vivo role of platelet-derived growth factor. Physiol. Rev. (1999) 79(4):1283-1316.
    • (1999) Physiol. Rev. , vol.79 , Issue.4 , pp. 1283-1316
    • Heldin, C.H.1    Westermark, B.2
  • 15
    • 0035003785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PDGF-D is a specific, protease-activated ligand for the PDGF beta-receptor
    • BERGSTEN E, UUTELA M, LI X et al.: PDGF-D is a specific, protease-activated ligand for the PDGF beta-receptor. Nat. Cell. Biol. (2001) 3(5):512-516.
    • (2001) Nat. Cell. Biol. , vol.3 , Issue.5 , pp. 512-516
    • Bergsten, E.1    Uutela, M.2    Li, X.3
  • 16
    • 0032874677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signal transduction, cell cycle regulatory, and anti-apoptotic pathways regulated by IL-3 in hematopoietic cells: Possible sites for intervention with anti-neoplastic drugs
    • BLALOCK WL, WEINSTEIN-OPPENHEIMER C, CHANG F et al.: Signal transduction, cell cycle regulatory, and anti-apoptotic pathways regulated by IL-3 in hematopoietic cells: possible sites for intervention with anti-neoplastic drugs. Leukemia (1999) 13(8):1109-1166.
    • (1999) Leukemia , vol.13 , Issue.8 , pp. 1109-1166
    • Blalock, W.L.1    Weinstein-Oppenheimer, C.2    Chang, F.3
  • 17
    • 0033783132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GTPase-activating proteins for heterotrimeric G proteins: Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) and RGS-like proteins
    • ROSS EM, WILKIE TM: GTPase-activating proteins for heterotrimeric G proteins: regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) and RGS-like proteins. Ann. Rev. Biochem. (2000) 69:795-827.
    • (2000) Ann. Rev. Biochem. , vol.69 , pp. 795-827
    • Ross, E.M.1    Wilkie, T.M.2
  • 18
    • 0028241548 scopus 로고
    • Signaling by the cytokine receptor superfamily: JAKs and STATs
    • IHLE JN, WITTHUHN BA, QUELLE FW et al.: Signaling by the cytokine receptor superfamily: JAKs and STATs. Trends Biochem. Sci. (1994) 19(5):222-227.
    • (1994) Trends Biochem. Sci. , vol.19 , Issue.5 , pp. 222-227
    • Ihle, J.N.1    Witthuhn, B.A.2    Quelle, F.W.3
  • 19
    • 0032563206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of Raf-1 by interferon gamma and oncostatin M requires expression of the Stat1 transcription factor
    • STANCATO LF, YU CR, PETRICOIN EF III, LARNER AC: Activation of Raf-1 by interferon gamma and oncostatin M requires expression of the Stat1 transcription factor. J. Biol. Chem. (1998) 273(30):18701-18704.
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.273 , Issue.30 , pp. 18701-18704
    • Stancato, L.F.1    Yu, C.R.2    Petricoin E.F. III3    Larner, A.C.4
  • 20
    • 0037103262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TEL-JAK-2 constitutively activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), stress-activated protein/Jun kinase (SAPK/JNK), and p38 signaling pathways
    • HO JM, NGUYEN MH, DIEROV JK et al.: TEL-JAK-2 constitutively activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), stress-activated protein/Jun kinase (SAPK/JNK), and p38 signaling pathways. Blood (2002) 100(4):1438-1448.
    • (2002) Blood , vol.100 , Issue.4 , pp. 1438-1448
    • Ho, J.M.1    Nguyen, M.H.2    Dierov, J.K.3
  • 21
    • 0033604576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isotype-specific functions of Raf kinases
    • HAGEMANN C, RAPP UR: Isotype-specific functions of Raf kinases. Exp. Cell Res. (1999) 253(1):34-46.
    • (1999) Exp. Cell Res. , vol.253 , Issue.1 , pp. 34-46
    • Hagemann, C.1    Rapp, U.R.2
  • 22
    • 0034525423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinases: Positive and negative regulators of apoptosis
    • FRANKLIN RA, MCCUBREY JA: Kinases: positive and negative regulators of apoptosis. Leukemia (2000) 14(12):2019-2034.
    • (2000) Leukemia , vol.14 , Issue.12 , pp. 2019-2034
    • Franklin, R.A.1    Mccubrey, J.A.2
  • 23
    • 0034899450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of apoptosis: Role in cell growth and neoplasia
    • WHITE MK, MCCUBREY JA: Suppression of apoptosis: role in cell growth and neoplasia. Leukemia (2001) 15(7):1011-1021.
    • (2001) Leukemia , vol.15 , Issue.7 , pp. 1011-1021
    • White, M.K.1    McCubrey, J.A.2
  • 24
    • 0030871667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-intensity Raf signal causes cell cycle arrest mediated by p21Cip1
    • SEWING A, WISEMAN B, LLOYD AC, LAND H: High-intensity Raf signal causes cell cycle arrest mediated by p21Cip1. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1997) 17(9):5588-5597.
    • (1997) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.17 , Issue.9 , pp. 5588-5597
    • Sewing, A.1    Wiseman, B.2    Lloyd, A.C.3    Land, H.4
  • 25
    • 0034306450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specificity and mechanism of action of some commonly used protein kinase inhibitors
    • DAVIES SP, REDDY H, CAIVANO M, COHEN P: Specificity and mechanism of action of some commonly used protein kinase inhibitors. Biochem. J. (2000) 351 (Pt 1):95-105.
    • (2000) Biochem. J. , vol.351 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 95-105
    • Davies, S.P.1    Reddy, H.2    Caivano, M.3    Cohen, P.4
  • 27
    • 0026453081 scopus 로고
    • Activation of the c-Raf protein kinase by protein kinase C phosphorylation
    • SOZERI O, VOLLMER K, LIYANAGE M et al.: Activation of the c-Raf protein kinase by protein kinase C phosphorylation. Oncogene (1992) 7(11):2259-2262.
    • (1992) Oncogene , vol.7 , Issue.11 , pp. 2259-2262
    • Sozeri, O.1    Vollmer, K.2    Liyanage, M.3
  • 28
    • 0029807304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the Raf-1 kinase cascade by coumermycin-induced dimerization
    • (6596)
    • FARRAR MA, ALBEROL-ILA, PERLMUTTER RM: Activation of the Raf-1 kinase cascade by coumermycin-induced dimerization. Nature (1996) 383(6596):178-181.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.383 , pp. 178-181
    • Farrar, M.A.1    Alberol-Ila, A.2    Perlmutter, R.M.3
  • 29
    • 0035328521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active Ras induces heterodimerization of cRaf and BRaf
    • WEBER CK, SLUPSKY JR, KALMES HA, RAPP UR: Active Ras induces heterodimerization of cRaf and BRaf. Cancer Res. (2001) 61(9):3595-3598.
    • (2001) Cancer Res. , vol.61 , Issue.9 , pp. 3595-3598
    • Weber, C.K.1    Slupsky, J.R.2    Kalmes, H.A.3    Rapp, U.R.4
  • 30
    • 0034642548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitogenic signaling of Ras is regulated by differential interaction with Raf isozymes
    • WEBER CK, SLUPSKY JR, HERRMANN C, SCHULER M, RAPP UR, BLOCK C: Mitogenic signaling of Ras is regulated by differential interaction with Raf isozymes. Oncogene (2000) 19(2):169-176.
    • (2000) Oncogene , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 169-176
    • Weber, C.K.1    Slupsky, J.R.2    Herrmann, C.3    Schuler, M.4    Rapp, U.R.5    Block, C.6
  • 31
    • 0036238817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Raf/MEK/ERK signal transduction cascade as a target for chemotherapeutic intervention in leukemia
    • LEE JT JR, MCCUBREY JA: The Raf/MEK/ERK signal transduction cascade as a target for chemotherapeutic intervention in leukemia. Leukemia (2002) 16(4):486-507.
    • (2002) Leukemia , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 486-507
    • Lee J.T., Jr.1    McCubrey, J.A.2
  • 32
    • 0035018017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KSR: A MAPK scaffold of the Ras pathway?
    • MORRISON DK: KSR: a MAPK scaffold of the Ras pathway? J. Cell Sci. (2001) 114(Pt 9):1609-1612.
    • (2001) J. Cell Sci. , vol.114 , Issue.PART 9 , pp. 1609-1612
    • Morrison, D.K.1
  • 33
    • 0037062775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KSR-A regulator and scaffold protein of the MAPK pathway
    • RAABE T, RAPP UR: KSR-A regulator and scaffold protein of the MAPK pathway. Sci. STKE(2002) 136:28.
    • (2002) Sci. STKE , vol.136 , pp. 28
    • Raabe, T.1    Rapp, U.R.2
  • 34
    • 0343742670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinase suppressor of Ras is ceramide-activated protein kinase
    • ZHANG Y, YAO B, DELIKAT S et al.: Kinase suppressor of Ras is ceramide-activated protein kinase. Cell (1997) 89(1):63-72.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.89 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-72
    • Zhang, Y.1    Yao, B.2    Delikat, S.3
  • 35
    • 0036177115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting protein kinase C: New therapeutic opportunities against high-grade malignant gliomas?
    • DA ROCHA AB, MANS DR, REGNER A, SCHWARTSMANN G: Targeting protein kinase C: new therapeutic opportunities against high-grade malignant gliomas? Oncologist (2002) 7(1):17-33.
    • (2002) Oncologist , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-33
    • Da Rocha, A.B.1    Mans, D.R.2    Regner, A.3    Schwartsmann, G.4
  • 36
    • 0039791449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway by conventional, novel, and atypical protein kinase C isotypes
    • SCHONWASSER DC, MARAIS RM, MARSHALL CJ, PARKER PJ: Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway by conventional, novel, and atypical protein kinase C isotypes. Mol. cell. Biol. (1998) 18(2):790-798.
    • (1998) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 790-798
    • Schonwasser, D.C.1    Marais, R.M.2    Marshall, C.J.3    Parker, P.J.4
  • 37
    • 0029789967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein kinase C activates the MEK-ERK pathway in a manner independent of Ras and dependent on Raf
    • UEDA Y, HIRAI S, OSADA S, SUZUKI A, MIZUNO K, OHNO S: Protein kinase C activates the MEK-ERK pathway in a manner independent of Ras and dependent on Raf. J. Biol. Chem. (1996) 271(38):23512-23519.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , Issue.38 , pp. 23512-23519
    • Ueda, Y.1    Hirai, S.2    Osada, S.3    Suzuki, A.4    Mizuno, K.5    Ohno, S.6
  • 38
    • 0036223236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p21-activated kinases: Three more join the Pak
    • JAFFER ZM, CHERNOFF J: p21-activated kinases: three more join the Pak. Int J. Biochem. Cell Biol. (2002) 34(7):713-717.
    • (2002) Int J. Biochem. Cell Biol. , vol.34 , Issue.7 , pp. 713-717
    • Jaffer, Z.M.1    Chernoff, J.2
  • 39
    • 0035907051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation site specificity of the Pak-mediated regulation of Raf-1 and cooperativity with Src
    • KING AJ, WIREMAN RS, HAMILTON M, MARSHALL MS: Phosphorylation site specificity of the Pak-mediated regulation of Raf-1 and cooperativity with Src. FEBS Lett. (2001) 497(1):6-14.
    • (2001) FEBS Lett. , vol.497 , Issue.1 , pp. 6-14
    • King, A.J.1    Wireman, R.S.2    Hamilton, M.3    Marshall, M.S.4
  • 40
    • 0034193426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulates Raf1 through Pak phosphorylation of serine 338
    • CHAUDHARY A, KING WG, MATTALIANO MD et al.: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulates Raf1 through Pak phosphorylation of serine 338. Curr. Biol. (2000) 10(9):551-554.
    • (2000) Curr. Biol. , vol.10 , Issue.9 , pp. 551-554
    • Chaudhary, A.1    King, W.G.2    Mattaliano, M.D.3
  • 41
    • 0027424367 scopus 로고
    • Properties of MEKs, the kinases that phosphorylate and activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinases
    • ZHENG CF, GUAN KL: Properties of MEKs, the kinases that phosphorylate and activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinases. J. Biol. Chem. (1993) 268(32):23933-23939.
    • (1993) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.268 , Issue.32 , pp. 23933-23939
    • Zheng, C.F.1    Guan, K.L.2
  • 42
    • 0029164688 scopus 로고
    • A proline-rich sequence unique to MEK1 and MEK2 is required for raf binding and regulates MEK function
    • CATLING AD, SCHAEFFER HJ, REUTER CW, REDDY GR, WEBER MJ: A proline-rich sequence unique to MEK1 and MEK2 is required for raf binding and regulates MEK function. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1995) 15(10):5214-5225.
    • (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.15 , Issue.10 , pp. 5214-5225
    • Catling, A.D.1    Schaeffer, H.J.2    Reuter, C.W.3    Reddy, G.R.4    Weber, M.J.5
  • 43
    • 0028141496 scopus 로고
    • Transformation of mammalian cells by constitutively active MAP kinase kinase
    • (5174)
    • MANSOUR SJ, MATTEN WT, HERMANN AS et al.: Transformation of mammalian cells by constitutively active MAP kinase kinase. Science (1994) 265(5174):966-970.
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , pp. 966-970
    • Mansour, S.J.1    Matten, W.T.2    Hermann, A.S.3
  • 45
    • 0033081066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear translocation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase is required for growth factor-induced gene expression and cell cycle entry
    • BRUNET A, ROUX D, LENORMAND P, DOWD S, KEYSE S, POUYSSEGUR J: Nuclear translocation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase is required for growth factor-induced gene expression and cell cycle entry. EMBO J. (1999) 18(3):664-674.
    • (1999) EMBO J. , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 664-674
    • Brunet, A.1    Roux, D.2    Lenormand, P.3    Dowd, S.4    Keyse, S.5    Pouyssegur, J.6
  • 46
    • 0032441626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Translocation of MAP (Erk-1 and -2) kinases to cell nuclei and activation of c-fos gene during healing of experimental gastric ulcers
    • TARNAWSKI AS, PAI R, WANG H, TOMIKAWA M: Translocation of MAP (Erk-1 and -2) kinases to cell nuclei and activation of c-fos gene during healing of experimental gastric ulcers. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. (1998) 49(4):479-488.
    • (1998) J. Physiol. Pharmacol. , vol.49 , Issue.4 , pp. 479-488
    • Tarnawski, A.S.1    Pai, R.2    Wang, H.3    Tomikawa, M.4
  • 47
    • 0030967949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling molecules involved in coupling growth hormone receptor to mitogen-activated protein kinase activation
    • VANDERKUUR JA, BUTCH ER, WATERS SB, PESSIN JE, GUAN KL, CARTER-SU C: Signaling molecules involved in coupling growth hormone receptor to mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Endocrinology (1997) 138(10):4301-4307.
    • (1997) Endocrinology , vol.138 , Issue.10 , pp. 4301-4307
    • Vanderkuur, J.A.1    Butch, E.R.2    Waters, S.B.3    Pessin, J.E.4    Guan, K.L.5    Carter-Su, C.6
  • 48
    • 0032524298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin receptor-mediated dissociation of Grb2 from Sos involves phosphorylation of Sos by kinase(s) other than extracellular signal-regulated kinase
    • ZHAO H, OKADA S, PESSIN JE, KORETZKY GA: Insulin receptor-mediated dissociation of Grb2 from Sos involves phosphorylation of Sos by kinase(s) other than extracellular signal-regulated kinase. J. Biol. Chem. (1998) 273(20):12061-12067.
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.273 , Issue.20 , pp. 12061-12067
    • Zhao, H.1    Okada, S.2    Pessin, J.E.3    Koretzky, G.A.4
  • 49
    • 0032936416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of constitutive activation of MAP kinase pathway in human acute myeloid leukemia cells with N-Ras mutation
    • IIDA M, TOWATARI M, NAKAO A et al.: Lack of constitutive activation of MAP kinase pathway in human acute myeloid leukemia cells with N-Ras mutation. Leukemia (1999) 13(4):585-589.
    • (1999) Leukemia , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 585-589
    • Iida, M.1    Towatari, M.2    Nakao, A.3
  • 50
    • 0030063435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for two catalytically active kinase domains in pp90rsk
    • FISHER TL, BLENIS J: Evidence for two catalytically active kinase domains in pp90rsk. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1996) 16(3):1212-1219.
    • (1996) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 1212-1219
    • Fisher, T.L.1    Blenis, J.2
  • 51
    • 0029007314 scopus 로고
    • RSK3 encodes a novel pp90rsk isoform with a unique N-terminal sequence: Growth factor-stimulated kinase function and nuclear translocation
    • ZHAO Y, BJORBAEK C, WEREMOWICZ S, MORTON CC, MOLLER DE: RSK3 encodes a novel pp90rsk isoform with a unique N-terminal sequence: growth factor-stimulated kinase function and nuclear translocation. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1995) 15(8):4353-4363.
    • (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.15 , Issue.8 , pp. 4353-4363
    • Zhao, Y.1    Bjorbaek, C.2    Weremowicz, S.3    Morton, C.C.4    Moller, D.E.5
  • 52
    • 0033578776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase is phosphorylated and activated by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1
    • JENSEN CJ, BUCH MB, KRAG TO, HEMMINGS BA, GAMMELTOFT S, FRODIN M: 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase is phosphorylated and activated by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1. J. Biol. Chem. (1999) 274(38):27168-27176.
    • (1999) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.274 , Issue.38 , pp. 27168-27176
    • Jensen, C.J.1    Buch, M.B.2    Krag, T.O.3    Hemmings, B.A.4    Gammeltoft, S.5    Frodin, M.6
  • 53
  • 54
    • 0036163867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-(Raf-1) RNA aptamers that inhibit Ras-induced Raf-1 activation
    • KIMOTO M, SHIROUZU M, MIZUTANI S et al.: Anti-(Raf-1) RNA aptamers that inhibit Ras-induced Raf-1 activation. Eur. J. Biochem. (2002) 269(2):697-704.
    • (2002) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.269 , Issue.2 , pp. 697-704
    • Kimoto, M.1    Shirouzu, M.2    Mizutani, S.3
  • 55
    • 0035371796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific oligobodies against ERK-2 that recognize both the native and the denatured state of the protein
    • BIANCHINI M, RADRIZZANI M, BROCARDO MG et al.: Specific oligobodies against ERK-2 that recognize both the native and the denatured state of the protein. J. Immunol. Methods (2001) 252(1-2):191-197.
    • (2001) J. Immunol. Methods , vol.252 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 191-197
    • Bianchini, M.1    Radrizzani, M.2    Brocardo, M.G.3
  • 56
    • 0026058365 scopus 로고
    • A dominant negative mutation suppresses the function of normal epidermal growth factor receptors by heterodimerization
    • KASHLES O, YARDEN Y, FISCHER R, ULLRICH A, SCHLESSINGER J: A dominant negative mutation suppresses the function of normal epidermal growth factor receptors by heterodimerization. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1991) 11(3):1454-1463.
    • (1991) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 1454-1463
    • Kashles, O.1    Yarden, Y.2    Fischer, R.3    Ullrich, A.4    Schlessinger, J.5
  • 57
    • 0034899452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiosensitization of malignant glioma cells through overexpression of dominant-negative epidermal growth factor receptor
    • LAMMERING G, VALERIE K, LIN PS et al.: Radiosensitization of malignant glioma cells through overexpression of dominant-negative epidermal growth factor receptor. Clin. Cancer Res. (2001) 7(3):682-690.
    • (2001) Clin. Cancer Res. , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 682-690
    • Lammering, G.1    Valerie, K.2    Lin, P.S.3
  • 58
    • 0023715225 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of NIH 3T3 cell proliferation by a mutant ras protein with preferential affinity for GDP
    • FEIG LA, COOPER GM: Inhibition of NIH 3T3 cell proliferation by a mutant ras protein with preferential affinity for GDP. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1988) 8(8):3235-3243.
    • (1988) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.8 , Issue.8 , pp. 3235-3243
    • Feig, L.A.1    Cooper, G.M.2
  • 59
    • 0037192849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A distinct class of dominant negative Ras mutants: Cytosolic GTP-bound Ras effector domain mutants that inhibit Ras signaling and transformation and enhance cell adhesion
    • FIORDALISI JJ, HOLLY SP, JOHNSON RL II, PARISE LV, COX AD: A distinct class of dominant negative Ras mutants: cytosolic GTP-bound Ras effector domain mutants that inhibit Ras signaling and transformation and enhance cell adhesion. J. Biol. Chem. (2002) 277(13):10813-10823.
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.277 , Issue.13 , pp. 10813-10823
    • Fiordalisi, J.J.1    Holly, S.P.2    Johnson R.L. II3    Parise, L.V.4    Cox, A.D.5
  • 60
    • 0035900791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein kinase C isoforms involved in the transcriptional activation of cyclin D1 by transforming Ha-Ras
    • KAMPFER S, WINDEGGER M, HOCHHOLDINGER F et al.: Protein kinase C isoforms involved in the transcriptional activation of cyclin D1 by transforming Ha-Ras. J. Biol. Chem. (2001) 276(46):42834-42842.
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.276 , Issue.46 , pp. 42834-42842
    • Kampfer, S.1    Windegger, M.2    Hochholdinger, F.3
  • 61
    • 0032560594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competitive inhibition of MAP kinase activation by a peptide representing the alpha C helix of ERK
    • HORIUCHI KY, SCHERLE PA, TRZASKOS JM, COPELAND RA: Competitive inhibition of MAP kinase activation by a peptide representing the alpha C helix of ERK. Biochemistry (1998) 37(25):8879-8885.
    • (1998) Biochemistry , vol.37 , Issue.25 , pp. 8879-8885
    • Horiuchi, K.Y.1    Scherle, P.A.2    Trzaskos, J.M.3    Copeland, R.A.4
  • 62
    • 0020933452 scopus 로고
    • Biological effects in vitro of monoclonal antibodies to human epidermal growth factor receptors
    • SATO JD, KAWAMOTO T, LE AD, MENDELSOHN J, POLIKOFF J, SATO GH: Biological effects in vitro of monoclonal antibodies to human epidermal growth factor receptors. Mol. Biol. Med. (1983) 1(5):511-529.
    • (1983) Mol. Biol. Med. , vol.1 , Issue.5 , pp. 511-529
    • Sato, J.D.1    Kawamoto, T.2    Le, A.D.3    Mendelsohn, J.4    Polikoff, J.5    Sato, G.H.6
  • 63
    • 0034779291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The EGFR as a target for anticancer therapy - Focus on cetuximab
    • BASELGA J: The EGFR as a target for anticancer therapy - focus on cetuximab. Eur. J. Cancer (2001) 37 (Suppl. 4):S16-S22.
    • (2001) Eur. J. Cancer , vol.37 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Baselga, J.1
  • 64
    • 0036118248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic potential of ABX-EGF: A fully human anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody for cancer treatment
    • LYNCH DH, DONG-YANG X: Therapeutic potential of ABX-EGF: a fully human anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody for cancer treatment. Semin. Oncol. (2002) 29 (Suppl. 4):47-50.
    • (2002) Semin. Oncol. , vol.29 , Issue.SUPPL. 4 , pp. 47-50
    • Lynch, D.H.1    Dong-Yang, X.2
  • 65
    • 0036500831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibodies to target epidermal growth factor receptor-positive tumors: A new paradigm for cancer therapy
    • HERBST RS, SHIN DM: Monoclonal antibodies to target epidermal growth factor receptor-positive tumors: a new paradigm for cancer therapy. Cancer (2002) 94(5):1593-1611.
    • (2002) Cancer , vol.94 , Issue.5 , pp. 1593-1611
    • Herbst, R.S.1    Shin, D.M.2
  • 66
    • 0030814101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An antibody reactive with domain 4 of the platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor allows BB binding while inhibiting proliferation by impairing receptor dimerization
    • SHULMAN T, SAUER FG, JACKMAN RM, CHANG CN, LANDOLFI NF: An antibody reactive with domain 4 of the platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor allows BB binding while inhibiting proliferation by impairing receptor dimerization. J. Biol. Chem. (1997) 272(28):17400-17404.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , Issue.28 , pp. 17400-17404
    • Shulman, T.1    Sauer, F.G.2    Jackman, R.M.3    Chang, C.N.4    Landolfi, N.F.5
  • 67
    • 0031438411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional importance of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains. Identification of PDGF binding site and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies
    • LOKKER NA, O'HARE JP, BARSOUMIAN A et al.: Functional importance of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains. Identification of PDGF binding site and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. J. Biol. Chem. (1997) 272(52):33037-33044.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , Issue.52 , pp. 33037-33044
    • Lokker, N.A.1    O'hare, J.P.2    Barsoumian, A.3
  • 68
    • 0026418308 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of neointimal smooth muscle accumulation after angioplasty by an antibody to PDGF
    • (5024)
    • FERNS GA, RAINES EW, SPRUGEL KH, MOTANI AS, REIDY MA, ROSS R: Inhibition of neointimal smooth muscle accumulation after angioplasty by an antibody to PDGF. Science (1991) 253(5024):1129-1132.
    • (1991) Science , vol.253 , pp. 1129-1132
    • Ferns, G.A.1    Raines, E.W.2    Sprugel, K.H.3    Motani, A.S.4    Reidy, M.A.5    Ross, R.6
  • 69
    • 0033568467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous antagonism of interleukin-5, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin-3 stimulation of human eosinophils by targetting the common cytokine binding site of their receptors
    • SUN Q, JONES K, MCCLURE B et al.: Simultaneous antagonism of interleukin-5, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin-3 stimulation of human eosinophils by targetting the common cytokine binding site of their receptors. Blood (1999) 94(6):1943-1951.
    • (1999) Blood , vol.94 , Issue.6 , pp. 1943-1951
    • Sun, Q.1    Jones, K.2    McClure, B.3
  • 70
    • 0021742641 scopus 로고
    • EGF-ricin A conjugates: Kinetic profiles of cytotoxic effects and resistant cell variants
    • SHIMIZU N, SHIMIZU Y, MISKIMINS WK: EGF-ricin A conjugates: kinetic profiles of cytotoxic effects and resistant cell variants. Cell Struct. Funct. (1984) 9(3):203-212.
    • (1984) Cell Struct. Funct. , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 203-212
    • Shimizu, N.1    Shimizu, Y.2    Miskimins, W.K.3
  • 71
    • 0037085927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A diphtheria toxin-interleukin 3 fusion protein is cytotoxic to primitive acute myeloid leukemia progenitors but spares normal progenitors
    • FEURING-BUSKE M, FRANKEL AE, ALEXANDER RL, GERHARD B, HOGGE DE: A diphtheria toxin-interleukin 3 fusion protein is cytotoxic to primitive acute myeloid leukemia progenitors but spares normal progenitors. Cancer Res. (2002) 62(6):1730-1736.
    • (2002) Cancer Res. , vol.62 , Issue.6 , pp. 1730-1736
    • Feuring-Buske, M.1    Frankel, A.E.2    Alexander, R.L.3    Gerhard, B.4    Hogge, D.E.5
  • 72
    • 0034119046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diphtheria toxin fused to human interleukin-3 is toxic to blasts from patients with myeloid leukemias
    • FRANKEL AE, MCCUBREY JA, MILLER MS et al.: Diphtheria toxin fused to human interleukin-3 is toxic to blasts from patients with myeloid leukemias. Leukemia (2000) 14(4):576-585.
    • (2000) Leukemia , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 576-585
    • Frankel, A.E.1    McCubrey, J.A.2    Miller, M.S.3
  • 73
    • 0035219715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arglabin-DMA, a plant derived sesquiterpene, inhibits farnesyltransferase
    • SHAIKENOV TE, ADEKENOV SM, WILLIAMS RM et al.: Arglabin-DMA, a plant derived sesquiterpene, inhibits farnesyltransferase. Oncol. Rep. (2001) 8(1):173-179.
    • (2001) Oncol. Rep. , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 173-179
    • Shaikenov, T.E.1    Adekenov, S.M.2    Williams, R.M.3
  • 74
    • 0035216833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Farnesyltransferase inhibitors: Mechanism and applications
    • PRENDERGAST GC, RANE N: Farnesyltransferase inhibitors: mechanism and applications. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs (2001) 10(12):2105-2116.
    • (2001) Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs , vol.10 , Issue.12 , pp. 2105-2116
    • Prendergast, G.C.1    Rane, N.2
  • 75
    • 0033231190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geranylgeranylated RhoB mediates suppression of human tumor cell growth by farnesyltransferase inhibitors
    • DU W, PRENDERGAST GC: Geranylgeranylated RhoB mediates suppression of human tumor cell growth by farnesyltransferase inhibitors. Cancer Res. (1999) 59(21):5492-5496.
    • (1999) Cancer Res. , vol.59 , Issue.21 , pp. 5492-5496
    • Du, W.1    Prendergast, G.C.2
  • 76
    • 0034967677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oligonucleotide treatment of ras-induced tumors in nude mice
    • WICKSTROM E: Oligonucleotide treatment of ras-induced tumors in nude mice. Mol. Biotechnol. (2001) 18(1):35-55.
    • (2001) Mol. Biotechnol. , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-55
    • Wickstrom, E.1
  • 77
    • 0035977185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of c-Raf expression with survival and its targeting with antisense oligonucleotides in ovarian cancer
    • MCPHILLIPS F, MULLEN P, MONIA BP et al.: Association of c-Raf expression with survival and its targeting with antisense oligonucleotides in ovarian cancer. Br. J. Cancer (2001) 85(11):1753-1758.
    • (2001) Br. J. Cancer , vol.85 , Issue.11 , pp. 1753-1758
    • McPhillips, F.1    Mullen, P.2    Monia, B.P.3
  • 78
    • 0034944380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raf-1 promotes cell survival by antagonizing apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 through a MEK-ERK independent mechanism
    • CHEN J, FUJII K, ZHANG L, ROBERTS T, FU H: Raf-1 promotes cell survival by antagonizing apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 through a MEK-ERK independent mechanism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2001) 98(14):7783-7788.
    • (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.98 , Issue.14 , pp. 7783-7788
    • Chen, J.1    Fujii, K.2    Zhang, L.3    Roberts, T.4    Fu, H.5
  • 79
    • 0034781901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ISIS-3521. Isis Pharmaceuticals
    • LI K, ZHANG J: ISIS-3521. Isis Pharmaceuticals. Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs (2001) 2(10):1454-1461.
    • (2001) Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs , vol.2 , Issue.10 , pp. 1454-1461
    • Li, K.1    Zhang, J.2
  • 80
    • 85047695528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hsp-90-associated oncoproteins: Multiple targets of geldanamycin and its analogs
    • BLAGOSKLONNY MV: Hsp-90-associated oncoproteins: multiple targets of geldanamycin and its analogs. Leukemia (2002) 16(4):455-462.
    • (2002) Leukemia , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 455-462
    • Blagosklonny, M.V.1
  • 81
    • 0034711270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The heat shock protein 90 antagonist novobiocin interacts with a previously unrecognized ATP-binding domain in the carboxyl terminus of the chaperone
    • MARCU MG, CHADLI A, BOUHOUCHE I, CATELLI M, NECKERS LM: The heat shock protein 90 antagonist novobiocin interacts with a previously unrecognized ATP-binding domain in the carboxyl terminus of the chaperone. J. Biol. Chem. (2000) 275(47):37181-37186.
    • (2000) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.275 , Issue.47 , pp. 37181-37186
    • Marcu, M.G.1    Chadli, A.2    Bouhouche, I.3    Catelli, M.4    Neckers, L.M.5
  • 82
    • 0028214075 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of PDGF receptor binding and PDGF-stimulated biological activity in vitro and of intimal lesion formation in vivo by 2-bromomethyl-5-chlorobenzene sulfonylphthalimide
    • MULLINS DE, HAMUD F, REIM R, DAVIS HR: Inhibition of PDGF receptor binding and PDGF-stimulated biological activity in vitro and of intimal lesion formation in vivo by 2-bromomethyl-5-chlorobenzene sulfonylphthalimide. Arterioscler. Thromb. (1994) 14(7):1047-1055.
    • (1994) Arterioscler. Thromb. , vol.14 , Issue.7 , pp. 1047-1055
    • Mullins, D.E.1    Hamud, F.2    Reim, R.3    Davis, H.R.4
  • 83
    • 0026007815 scopus 로고
    • A functional soluble extracellular region of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) beta-receptor antagonizes PDGF-stimulated responses
    • DUAN DS, PAZIN MJ, FRETTO LJ, WILLIAMS LT: A functional soluble extracellular region of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) beta-receptor antagonizes PDGF-stimulated responses. J. Biol. Chem. (1991) 266(1):413-418.
    • (1991) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.266 , Issue.1 , pp. 413-418
    • Duan, D.S.1    Pazin, M.J.2    Fretto, L.J.3    Williams, L.T.4
  • 84
    • 0025942516 scopus 로고
    • The bisindolylmaleimide GF 109203X is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase C
    • TOULLEC D, PIANETTI P, COSTE H: The bisindolylmaleimide GF 109203X is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase C. J. Biol. Chem. (1991) 266(24):15771-15781.
    • (1991) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.266 , Issue.24 , pp. 15771-15781
    • Toullec, D.1    Pianetti, P.2    Coste, H.3
  • 86
    • 0036402628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BAY 43-9006: Early clinical data in patients with advanced solid malignancies
    • HOTTE SJ, HIRTE HW: BAY 43-9006: early clinical data in patients with advanced solid malignancies. Curr. Pharm. Des. (2002) 8(25):2249-2253.
    • (2002) Curr. Pharm. Des. , vol.8 , Issue.25 , pp. 2249-2253
    • Hotte, S.J.1    Hirte, H.W.2
  • 87
    • 17144460676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The discovery of potent cRaf1 kinase inhibitors
    • LACKEY K, CORY M, DAVIS R et al.: The discovery of potent cRaf1 kinase inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett (2000) 10(3):223-226.
    • (2000) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 223-226
    • Lackey, K.1    Cory, M.2    Davis, R.3
  • 88
    • 0000784537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of potent, selective kinase inhibitors of Raf
    • Annual Report of the Proceedings of the American Association of Cancer Research New Orleans, USA Abstract 3793
    • HEIMBROOK DC, HUBER HE, STIRDIVANT SM et al.: Identification of potent, selective kinase inhibitors of Raf. Annual Report of the Proceedings of the American Association of Cancer Research New Orleans, USA (1998). Abstract 3793.
    • (1998)
    • Heimbrook, D.C.1    Huber, H.E.2    Stirdivant, S.M.3
  • 89
    • 18444374405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer
    • (6892)
    • DAVIES H, BIGNELL GR, COX C et al.: Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer. Nature (2002) 417(6892):949-954.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.417 , pp. 949-954
    • Davies, H.1    Bignell, G.R.2    Cox, C.3
  • 90
    • 0032984348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blockade of the MAP kinase pathway suppresses growth of colon tumors in vivo
    • SEBOLT-LEOPOLD JS, DUDLEY DT, HERRERA R et al.: Blockade of the MAP kinase pathway suppresses growth of colon tumors in vivo. Nat. Med. (1999) 5(7):810-816.
    • (1999) Nat. Med. , vol.5 , Issue.7 , pp. 810-816
    • Sebolt-Leopold, J.S.1    Dudley, D.T.2    Herrera, R.3
  • 91
    • 0036165251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological inhibitors of MAPK pathways
    • ENGLISH JM, COBB MH: Pharmacological inhibitors of MAPK pathways. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. (2002) 23(1):40-45.
    • (2002) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 40-45
    • English, J.M.1    Cobb, M.H.2
  • 92
    • 0032581040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ro 09-2210 exhibits potent anti-proliferative effects on activated T cells by selectively blocking MKK activity
    • WILLIAMS DH, WILKINSON SE, PURTON T, LAMONT A, FLOTOW H, MURRAY EJ: Ro 09-2210 exhibits potent anti-proliferative effects on activated T cells by selectively blocking MKK activity. Biochemistry (1998) 37(26):9579-9585.
    • (1998) Biochemistry , vol.37 , Issue.26 , pp. 9579-9585
    • Williams, D.H.1    Wilkinson, S.E.2    Purton, T.3    Lamont, A.4    Flotow, H.5    Murray, E.J.6
  • 93
    • 0033380609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resorcylic acid lactones: Naturally occurring potent and selective inhibitors of MEK
    • ZHAO A, LEE SH, MOJENA M, JENKINS RG et al.: Resorcylic acid lactones: naturally occurring potent and selective inhibitors of MEK. J. Antibiot. (1999) 52(12):1086-1094.
    • (1999) J. Antibiot. , vol.52 , Issue.12 , pp. 1086-1094
    • Zhao, A.1    Lee, S.H.2    Mojena, M.3    Jenkins, R.G.4
  • 94
    • 0034684790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 3-cyano-4- (phenoxyanilino)quinolines as MEK (MAPKK) inhibitors
    • ZHANG N, WU B, POWELL D et al.: Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 3-cyano-4- (phenoxyanilino)quinolines as MEK (MAPKK) inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. (2000) 10(24):2825-2828.
    • (2000) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.10 , Issue.24 , pp. 2825-2828
    • Zhang, N.1    Wu, B.2    Powell, D.3
  • 95
    • 0034788453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tyrosine kinase inhibitors: From rational design to clinical trials
    • TRAXLER P, BOLD G, BUCHDUNGER E et al.: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors: from rational design to clinical trials. Med. Res. Rev. (2001) 21(6):499-512.
    • (2001) Med. Res. Rev. , vol.21 , Issue.6 , pp. 499-512
    • Traxler, P.1    Bold, G.2    Buchdunger, E.3
  • 96
    • 0028968949 scopus 로고
    • Tyrosine kinase inhibition: An approach to drug development
    • (5205)
    • LEVITZKI A, GAZIT A: Tyrosine kinase inhibition: an approach to drug development. Science (1995) 267(5205):1782-1788.
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 1782-1788
    • Levitzki, A.1    Gazit, A.2
  • 97
  • 98
    • 0033053383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure-based design of specific inhibitors of Janus kinase 3 as apoptosis-inducing antileukemic agents
    • SUDBECK EA, LIU XP, NARLA RK et al.: Structure-based design of specific inhibitors of Janus kinase 3 as apoptosis-inducing antileukemic agents. Clin. Cancer Res. (1999) 5(6):1569-1582.
    • (1999) Clin. Cancer Res. , vol.5 , Issue.6 , pp. 1569-1582
    • Sudbeck, E.A.1    Liu, X.P.2    Narla, R.K.3
  • 99
    • 85047698100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of constitutively active Stat3 suppresses growth of human ovarian and breast cancer cells
    • BURKE WM, JIN X, LIN HJ et al.: Inhibition of constitutively active Stat3 suppresses growth of human ovarian and breast cancer cells. Oncogene (2001) 20(55):7925-7934.
    • (2001) Oncogene , vol.20 , Issue.55 , pp. 7925-7934
    • Burke, W.M.1    Jin, X.2    Lin, H.J.3
  • 100
    • 0033566983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The protein kinase C inhibitor CGP41251 suppresses cytokine release and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 expression in cancer patients
    • THAVASU P, PROPPER D, MCDONALD A et al.: The protein kinase C inhibitor CGP41251 suppresses cytokine release and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 expression in cancer patients. Cancer Res. (1999) 59(16):3980-3984.
    • (1999) Cancer Res. , vol.59 , Issue.16 , pp. 3980-3984
    • Thavasu, P.1    Propper, D.2    McDonald, A.3
  • 101
    • 0037034928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interference with PDK1-Akt survival signaling pathway by UCN-01 (7-hydroxystaurosporine)
    • SATO S, FUJITA N, TSURUO T: Interference with PDK1-Akt survival signaling pathway by UCN-01 (7-hydroxystaurosporine). Oncogene (2002) 21(11):1727-1738.
    • (2002) Oncogene , vol.21 , Issue.11 , pp. 1727-1738
    • Sato, S.1    Fujita, N.2    Tsuruo, T.3
  • 102
    • 1842410677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PMA-induced activation of the p42/44ERK- and p38RK-MAP kinase cascades in HL-60 cells is PKC dependent but not essential for differentiation to the macrophage-like phenotype. J
    • SCHULTZ H, ENGEL K, GAESTEL M: PMA-induced activation of the p42/44ERK- and p38RK-MAP kinase cascades in HL-60 cells is PKC dependent but not essential for differentiation to the macrophage-like phenotype. J. Cell. Physiol. (1997) 173(3):310-318.
    • (1997) Cell. Physiol. , vol.173 , Issue.3 , pp. 310-318
    • Schultz, H.1    Engel, K.2    Gaestel, M.3
  • 103
    • 0032867587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzymatic rationale and preclinical support for a potent protein kinase C beta inhibitor in cancer therapy
    • TEICHER BA, ALVAREZ E, MENDELSOHN LG, ARA G, MENON K, WAYS DK: Enzymatic rationale and preclinical support for a potent protein kinase C beta inhibitor in cancer therapy. Adv. Enzyme Regul. (1999) 39:313-3127.
    • (1999) Adv. Enzyme Regul. , vol.39 , pp. 313-3127
    • Teicher, B.A.1    Alvarez, E.2    Mendelsohn, L.G.3    Ara, G.4    Menon, K.5    Ways, D.K.6
  • 104
    • 0035657643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein kinase C inhibitors as novel anticancer drugs
    • GOEKJIAN PG, JIROUSEK MR: Protein kinase C inhibitors as novel anticancer drugs. Expert Opin. Investig. Drug (2001) 10(12):2117-2140.
    • (2001) Expert Opin. Investig. Drug , vol.10 , Issue.12 , pp. 2117-2140
    • Goekjian, P.G.1    Jirousek, M.R.2
  • 105
    • 0035393498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase/MAPK cascade interact synergistically with UCN-01 to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in human leukemia cells
    • DAI Y, YU C, SINGH V et al.: Pharmacological inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase/MAPK cascade interact synergistically with UCN-01 to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in human leukemia cells. Cancer Res. (2001) 61(13):5106-5115.
    • (2001) Cancer Res. , vol.61 , Issue.13 , pp. 5106-5115
    • Dai, Y.1    Yu, C.2    Singh, V.3
  • 106
    • 0036142963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors interact synergistically with STI571 to induce apoptosis in Bcr/Abl-expressing human leukemia cells
    • YU C, KRYSTAL G, VARTICOVKSI L et al.: Pharmacologic mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors interact synergistically with STI571 to induce apoptosis in Bcr/Abl-expressing human leukemia cells. Cancer Res. (2002) 62(1):188-199.
    • (2002) Cancer Res. , vol.62 , Issue.1 , pp. 188-199
    • Yu, C.1    Krystal, G.2    Varticovksi, L.3
  • 107
    • 0032575135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade potentiates cell killing by low dose ionizing radiation in A431 human squamous carcinoma cells
    • CARTER S, AUER KL, REARDON DB et al.: Inhibition of the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade potentiates cell killing by low dose ionizing radiation in A431 human squamous carcinoma cells. Oncogene (1998) 16(21):2787-2796.
    • (1998) Oncogene , vol.16 , Issue.21 , pp. 2787-2796
    • Carter, S.1    Auer, K.L.2    Reardon, D.B.3
  • 108
    • 0033049978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inducible expression of dominant-negative epidermal growth factor receptor-CD533 results in radiosensitization of human mammary carcinoma cells
    • CONTESSA JN, REARDON DB, TODD D et al.: The inducible expression of dominant-negative epidermal growth factor receptor-CD533 results in radiosensitization of human mammary carcinoma cells. Clin. Cancer Res. (1999) 5(2):405-411.
    • (1999) Clin. Cancer Res. , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 405-411
    • Contessa, J.N.1    Reardon, D.B.2    Todd, D.3
  • 109
    • 0036328973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidermal growth factor receptor dependence of radiation-induced transcription factor activation in human breast carcinoma cells
    • AMORINO GP, HAMILTON VM, VALERIE K, DENT P, LAMMERING G, SCHMIDT-ULLRICH RK: Epidermal growth factor receptor dependence of radiation-induced transcription factor activation in human breast carcinoma cells. Mol. Biol. Cell (2002) 13(7):2233-2244.
    • (2002) Mol. Biol. Cell , vol.13 , Issue.7 , pp. 2233-2244
    • Amorino, G.P.1    Hamilton, V.M.2    Valerie, K.3    Dent, P.4    Lammering, G.5    Schmidt-Ullrich, R.K.6
  • 110
    • 0036675996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 7-Hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01) and ionizing radiation combine to inhibit the growth of Bcl-2-overexpressing U937 leukemia cells through a non-apoptotic mechanism
    • CARTEE L, SANKALA H, DAVIS C et al.: 7-Hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01) and ionizing radiation combine to inhibit the growth of Bcl-2-overexpressing U937 leukemia cells through a non-apoptotic mechanism. Int. J. Oncol. (2002) 21(2):351-359.
    • (2002) Int. J. Oncol. , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 351-359
    • Cartee, L.1    Sankala, H.2    Davis, C.3
  • 111
    • 0036240251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • STI-571 must select for drug-resistant cells but 'no cell breathes fire out of its nostrils like a dragon'
    • BLAGOSKLONNY MV: STI-571 must select for drug-resistant cells but 'no cell breathes fire out of its nostrils like a dragon'. Leukemia (2002) 16(4):570-572.
    • (2002) Leukemia , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 570-572
    • Blagosklonny, M.V.1
  • 112
    • 0035810142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity of a specific inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in the blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the Philadelphia chromosome
    • DRUKER BJ, SAWYERS CL, KANTARJIAN H et al.: Activity of a specific inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in the blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the Philadelphia chromosome. N. Engl. J. Med. (2001) 344(14):1038-1042.
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.344 , Issue.14 , pp. 1038-1042
    • Druker, B.J.1    Sawyers, C.L.2    Kantarjian, H.3
  • 113
    • 0033607633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation and regulation of Raf by Akt (protein kinase B)
    • (5445)
    • ZIMMERMANN S, MOELLING K: Phosphorylation and regulation of Raf by Akt (protein kinase B). Science (1999) 286(5445):1741-1744.
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 1741-1744
    • Zimmermann, S.1    Moelling, K.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.