Structure, function and pharmacology of voltage-gated sodium channels

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology

Volumn 362, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 453-479

  Denac, H ^a   Mevissen, M ^a   Scholtysik, G ^a  

^a Institute of Pharmacy   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Binding sites; Channel gating; Molecular mechanisms; Pharmacological modulation; Voltage gated sodium channels

Indexed keywords

4 [3 (4 BENZHYDRYL 1 PIPERAZINYL) 2 HYDROXYPROPOXY] 1H INDOLE 2 CARBONITRILE; ACONITINE; BREVETOXIN; CARBAMAZEPINE; CONOTOXIN; GABAPENTIN; INSECTICIDE; LIDOCAINE; PHENYTOIN; SCORPION VENOM; SEA ANEMONE TOXIN; SODIUM CHANNEL; TETRODOTOXIN; VERATRIDINE; VOLTAGE GATED CHANNEL FORMING PROTEIN;

ACTION POTENTIAL; ALPHA CHAIN; BETA CHAIN; BINDING SITE; CHANNEL GATING; DEPOLARIZATION; DISSOCIATION CONSTANT; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; ION CURRENT; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; PROTEIN GLYCOSYLATION; PROTEIN PROCESSING; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATION;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; BINDING SITES; HUMANS; ION CHANNEL GATING; PROTEIN STRUCTURE, TERTIARY; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY, AMINO ACID; SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; SODIUM CHANNELS;

EID: 0033661482     PISSN: 00281298     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s002100000319     Document Type: Review

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67. Block of brain sodium channels by peptide mimetics of the isoleucine, phenylalanine, and methionine (IFM) motif from the inactivation gate
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70. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 6-heterocyclic-substituted purines as inactivation modifiers of cardiac sodium channels
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73. The structure of versutoxin (delta-atracotoxin-Hv1) provides insights into the binding of site 3 neurotoxins to the voltage-gated sodium channel
74. A new look at torsades de pointes
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78. 2+
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80. Modulation of cardiac sodium channel isoform by cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase does not depend on phosphorylation of serine 1504 in the cytosolic loop interconnecting transmembrane domains III and IV
81. Modulation of the human cardiac sodium channel alpha-subunit by cAMP-dependent protein kinase and the responsible sequence domain
82. The relationship of brevetoxin 'length' and A-ring functionality to binding and activity in neuronal sodium channels
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84. + current in Xenopus oocytes
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94. The binding of labelled saxitoxin to the sodium channels in nerve membranes
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97. Veratridine modifies open sodium channel
98. A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve
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107. + channel subunits and Ig domains
108. Primary structure and functional expression of the beta 1 subunit of the rat brain sodium channel
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110. Solution structure of a beta-neurotoxin from the New World scorpion Centruroides sculpturatus Ewing
111. Multiple oligosaccharide chains in the voltage-sensitive Na channel from Electrophorus electricus: Evidence for alpha-2,8-linked polysialic acid
112. Brevetoxin-3 (PbTx-3) and its derivatives modulate single tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channels in rat sensory neurons
113. Primary structure and expression of a sodium channel characteristic of denervated and immature rat skeletal muscle
114. Primary structure of rat brain sodium channel III deduced from the cDNA sequence
115. Further analysis of the mechanisms of action of batrachotoxin on the membrane of myelinated nerve
116. + channel openers in rat aortas
117. Differential effects of sulfhydryl reagents on saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin block of voltage-dependent Na channels
118. Toxic effects of animal toxins
119. + channels by DPI 201-106
120. DPI 201-106 for severe congestive heart failure
121. Pharmacological modulation of human cardiac Na channels
122. Movement of voltage sensor S4 in domain 4 is tightly coupled to sodium channel fast inactivation and gating charge immobilization
123. + channels
124. Slow binding of phenytoin to inactivated sodium channels in rat hippocampal neurons
125. + channels in rat hippocampal neurones
126. + currents: Quantitative distinction from phenytoin and possible therapeutic implications
127. The action of cardiotoxins on cardiac plasma membranes
128. + channels
129. A molecular basis for the different local anesthetic affinities of resting versus open and inactivated states of the sodium channel
130. Convergent regulation of sodium channels by protein kinase C and cAMP-dependent protein kinase
131. + channels revealed by cysteine mutagenesis
132. Interaction of batrachotoxin with the local anesthetic receptor site in transmembrane segment IVS6 of the voltage-gated sodium channel
133. + channel
134. Delta-Atracotoxins from Australian funnel-web spiders compete with scorpion alpha-toxin binding but differentially modulate alkaloid toxin activation of voltage-gated sodium channels
135. Delta-atracotoxins from Australian funnel-web spiders compete with scorpion alpha-toxin binding on both rat brain and insect sodium channels
136. + channel using Tityus toxin gamma
137. + channel
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147. + channel function in the extracellular domain of the betal subunit
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149. Multiple actions of phenytoin on mouse spinal cord neurons in cell culture
150. A mutation in segment IVS6 disrupts fast inactivation of sodium channels
151. A critical role for transmembrane segment IVS6 of the sodium channel alpha subunit in fast inactivation
152. A critical role for the S4-S5 intracellular loop in domain IV of the sodium channel alpha-subunit in fast inactivation
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158. 2+-free medium is associated with depletion of synaptic vesicles and swelling of motor nerve terminals in situ
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160. Interactions of scorpion toxins with the sodium channel
161. Discrimination of muscle and neuronal Na channel subtypes by binding competition between [3H]saxitoxin and mu-conotoxins
162. Ciguatoxin enhances quantal transmitter release from frog motor nerve terminals
163. + channel alpha subunit by cAMP-dependent protein kinase and phosphoprotein phosphatases
164. cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of two sites in the alpha subunit of the cardiac sodium channel
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167. + channels as targets of insecticides
168. Ion channels as targets for insecticides
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170. Expression of functional sodium channels from cloned cDNA
171. Existence of distinct sodium channel messenger RNAs in rat brain
172. A single point mutation confers tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin insensitivity on the sodium channel II
173. Structure and structure-function relationships of sea anemone proteins that interact with the sodium channel
174. Proarrhythmic effects of DPI 201-106 elicited with programmed electrical stimulation: A comparison with sotalol
175. Specific inhibition of [3H] saxitoxin binding to skeletal muscle sodium channels by geographutoxin II, a polypeptide channel blocker
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177. + channel chimaeras
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179. Effect of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on survival of patients with chronic congestive heart failure
180. Alteration of voltage-dependence of Shaker potassium channel by mutations in the S4 sequence
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182. + channel outer vestibule
183. Solution structure of toxin 2 from Centruroides noxius Hoffmann, a beta-scorpion neurotoxin acting on sodium channels
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186. + channels
187. Modification of slow inactivation of single sodium channels by phenytoin in neuroblastoma cells
188. Sodium channels as molecular targets for antiepileptic drugs
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190. + channels by local anesthetics
191. + channels
192. Effects of propofol on sodium channel-dependent sodium influx and glutamate release in rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes
193. BDF 9148 - A sodium channel modulator with positive inotropic action
194. + currents in acutely isolated human hippocampal dentate granule cells
195. + currents in human dentate granule cells from epileptogenic tissue
196. Slow inactivation in human cardiac sodium channels
197. The voltage-sensitive sodium channel from rabbit skeletal muscle
198. Gabapentin actions on ligand- and voltage-gated responses in cultured rodent neurons
199. Molecular cloning of a putative tetrodotoxin resistant rat heart Na channel isoform
200. + channel alpha subunit
201. Solution structure of the sodium channel inactivation gate
202. The effect of a new inotropic agent, DPI 201-106 on systolic time intervals and the electrocardiogram in healthy subjects
203. + channel inactivation must be disrupted to evoke prolonged depolarization-induced paralysis
204. Increase of sodium current after pyrethroid insecticides in mouse neuroblastoma cells
205. Gamma aminobutyric acid radioreceptor-assay a possible biomarker for human exposure to certain agrochemicals
206. + channels induced by phenytoin in brains of genetically seizure-susceptible (E1) and control (ddY) mice
207. The cardiac Na channel α-subunit expressed in Xenopus oocytes show gating and blocking properties of native channels
208. A mutant of TTX-resistant cardiac sodium channels with TTX-sensitive properties
209. Intrinsic properties of motoneurons. Implications for muscle fatigue
210. A novel, abundant sodium channel expressed in neurons and glia
211. Palmitylation, sulfation, and glycosylation of the alpha subunit of the sodium channel. Role of post-translational modifications in channel assembly
212. Cardiac sodium channel variabilities in farm animals
213. DPI 201-106, a novel cardioactive agent. Combination of cAMP-independent positive inotropic, negative chronotropic, action potential prolonging and coronary dilatory properties
214. The sodium channel activator brevetoxin-3 uncovers a multiplicity of different open states of the cardiac sodium channel
215. + channels expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes
216. Late sodium channel openings underlying epileptiform activity are preferentially diminished by the anticonvulsant phenytoin
217. Allosteric modulation of neurotoxin binding to voltage-sensitive sodium channels by Ptychodiscus brevis toxin 2
218. The actions of a red tide toxin from Ptychodiscus brevis on single sodium channels in mammalian neuroblastoma cells
219. mu-conotoxin PIIIA, a new peptide for discriminating among tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na channel subtypes
220. Interactions of DPI 201-106, a novel cardiotonic agent, with cardiac calcium channels
221. 2+, and gamma-aminobutyrate type A channels
222. Interaction between the sodium channel inactivation linker and domain III S4-S5
223. Phosphorylation of brain sodium channels in the I-II linker modulates channel function in Xenopus oocytes
224. Actions of the pyrethroid insecticides cismethrin and cypermethrin on house fly Vssc1 sodium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes
225. Modulation of sodium channels of rat cerebellar Purkinje neurons by the pyrethroid tetramethrin
226. Interactions of tetramethrin, fenvalerate and DDT at the sodium channel in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons
227. The microI skeletal muscle sodium channel: Mutation E403Q eliminates sensitivity to tetrodotoxin but not to mu-conotoxins GIIIA and GIIIB
228. Differential actions of pacific ciguatoxin-1 on sodium channel subtypes in mammalian sensory neurons
229. Structural parts involved in activation and inactivation of the sodium channel
230. Ciguatera
231. + channels from human and rat brain
232. Role of an S4-S5 linker in sodium channel inactivation probed by mutagenesis and a peptide blocker
233. + current in neocortical neurons
234. + current fractions by the new anticonvulsant topiramate
235. Sodium channels and therapy of central nervous system diseases
236. A summary of mechanistic hypotheses of gabapentin pharmacology
237. Site of covalent attachment of alpha-scorpion toxin derivatives in domain I of the sodium channel alpha subunit
238. Mapping the site of block by tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin of sodium channel II
239. Amino terminal-dependent gating of the potassium channel rat eag is compensated by a mutation in the S4 segment
240. Localization of the receptor site for alpha-scorpion toxins by antibody mapping: Implications for sodium channel topology
241. + channels
242. Reconstitution of high-affinity binding of a beta-scorpion toxin to neurotoxin receptor site 4 on purified sodium channels
243. Identification of PN1, a predominant voltage-dependent sodium channel expressed principally in peripheral neurons
244. Sodium channels from human brain RNA expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Basic electrophysiologic characteristics and their modification by diphenylhydantoin
245. + channels
246. Neurotoxin binding and allosteric modulation at receptor sites 2 and 5 on purified and reconstituted rat brain sodium channels
247. Site of covalent labeling by a photoreactive batrachotoxin derivative near transmembrane segment IS6 of the sodium channel alpha subunit
248. High affinity binding of pyrethroids to the alpha subunit of brain sodium channels
249. + channels in rat sensory neurones by 4030W92, a new antihyperalgesic agent
250. Primary structure and functional expression of a mammalian skeletal muscle sodium channel
251. + channels expressed transiently in human embryonic kidney cells: Biochemical and biophysical properties
252. + channels in excised membrane patches after modification by alpha-chymotrypsin
253. Valproate and sodium currents in cultured hippocampal neurons
254. Classification of positive inotropic actions based on electrophysiologic characteristics: Where should calcium sensitizers be placed?
255. Inhibition of activation of single sodium channels by a site-directed antibody
256. + channels
257. Similar mode of action of pyrethroids and DDT on sodium channel gating in myelinated nerves
258. Structural de-terminants of slow inactivation in human cardiac and skeletal muscle sodium channels
259. Sodium currents in isolated rat CA1 neurons after kindling epileptogenesis
260. Effect of valproic acid on sodium currents in cortical neurons from patients with pharmaco-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy
261. Cooperative modulation of voltage-dependent sodium channels by brevetoxin and classical neurotoxins in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells
262. Glycosylation is required for maintenance of functional sodium channels in neuroblastoma cells
263. + channels
264. A mutation in segment I-S6 alters slow inactivation of sodium channels
265. + channels resistant to batrachotoxin
266. The pharmacology of batrachotoxin. VII. Structure-activity relationships and the effects of pH
267. + channel required for modulation by protein kinase C
268. + channel inactivation
269. Classification of Na channel receptors specific for various scorpion toxins
270. The immunoglobulin superfamily-domains for cell surface recognition
271. Inhibition of binding of [3H]batrachotoxinin A 20-alpha-benzoate to sodium channels by the anticonvulsant drugs diphenylhydantoin and carbamazepine
272. Inhibition of voltage-sensitive sodium channels in neuroblastoma cells and synaptosomes by the anticonvulsant drugs diphenylhydantoin and carbamazepine
273. Site of anticonvulsant action on sodium channels: Autoradiographic and electrophysiological studies in rat brain
274. Mechanism of action of novel marine neurotoxins on ion channels
275. Cellular and molecular actions of lamotrigine: Possible mechanisms of efficacy in bipolar disorder
276. + channels in rat hippocampal neurones
277. ++ currents in anterior pituitary cells
278. Blockade of [3H]lysine-tetrodotoxin binding to sodium channel proteins by conotoxin GIII
279. Cocaine and lidocaine have additive inhibitory effects on the GABA(A) current of acutely dissociated hippocampal pyramidal neurons
280. Glycosylation influences voltage-dependent gating of cardiac and skeletal muscle sodium channels
281. Multiple gating modes and the effect of modulating factors on the μ1 sodium channel
282. Late Na channels in cardiac cells: The physiological role of background Na channels
283. Evidence for a common site of action of lidocaine and carbamazepine in voltage-dependent sodium channels
284. The insect voltage-gated sodium channel as target of insecticides
285. Glycosylation is required for maintenance of functional voltage-activated channels in growing neocortical neurons of the rat
286. Topiramate attenuates voltage-gated sodium currents in rat cerebellar granule cells
287. Riluzole interacts with voltage-activated sodium and potassium currents in cultured rat cortical neurons