Molecular events of vesicle trafficking and control by SNARE proteins in plants

New Phytologist

Volumn 144, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 389-418

  Blatt, Michael R ^a   Leyman, Barbara ^a   Geelen, Danny ^a  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Endocytosis; Endomembrane system; Endoplasmic reticulum; Exocytosis; Golgi apparatus; Secretion; SNARE proteins; Vesicle trafficking

Indexed keywords

CELL MANIPULATION; CELL SECRETION; EUKARYOTIC CELL; MOLECULAR INTERACTION; PROTEIN INTERACTION; VESICLE;

EID: 0033496926     PISSN: 0028646X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.1999.00546.x     Document Type: Review

References (305)

1. Aalto MK, Ronne H, Keranen S. 1993. Yeast syntaxins sso1p and sso2p belong to a family of related membrane-proteins that function in vesicular transport. The EMBO Journal 12: 4095-4104.
2. Ahmed SU, BarPeled M, Raikhel NV. 1997. Cloning and subcellular location of an Arabidopsis receptor-like protein that shares common features with protein-sorting receptors of eukaryotic cells. Plant Physiology 114: 325-336.
3. Anai T, Hasegawa K, Watanabe Y, Uchimiya H, Ishizaki R, Matsui M. 1991. Isolation and analysis of cDNAs encoding small GTP-binding proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana. Gene 108: 259-264.
4. Andreeva AV, Kutuzov MA, Evans DE, Hawes CR. 1998. Proteins involved in membrane transport between the ER and the Golgi apparatus: 21 putative plant homologues revealed by dbEST searching. Cell Biology International 22: 145-160.
5. Angleson JK, Betz WJ. 1997. Monitoring secretion in real time: capacitance, amperometry and fluorescence compared. Trends in Neurosciences 20: 281-287.
6. 2+-activated exocytosis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272: 19637-19640.
7. Balch WE, Dunphy WG, Braell WA, Rothman JE. 1984a. Reconstitution of the transport of protein between successive compartments of the golgi measured by the coupled incorporation of n-acetylglucosamine. Cell 39: 405-416.
8. Balch WE, Glick BS, Rothman JE. 1984b. Sequential intermediates in the pathway of intercompartmental transport in a cell-free system. Cell 39: 525-536.
9. 2+-activated exocytosis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271: 20223-20226.
10. 2+-dependent exocytosis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271: 20227-20230.
11. Banfield DK, Lewis MJ, Pelham HRB. 1995. A snare-like protein required for traffic through the golgi complex. Nature 375: 806-809.
12. Banfield DK, Lewis MJ, Rabouille C, Warren G, Pelham HRB. 1994. Localization of sed5, a putative vesicle targeting molecule, to the cis-golgi network involves both its transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Journal of Cell Biology 127: 357-371.
13. Barber MS, Mitchell HJ. 1997. Regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism in relation to lignin biosynthesis in plants. International Review of Cytology 172: 243-293.
14. BarPeled M, Raikhel NV. 1997. Characterization of AtSEC12 and AtSAR1 - proteins likely involved in endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi transport. Plant Physiology 114: 315-324.
15. Barroso M, Nelson DS, Sztul E. 1995. Transcytosis-associated protein (Tap)/P115 is a general fusion factor required for binding of vesicles to acceptor membranes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 92: 527-531.
16. Baskin TI, Bivens NJ. 1995. Stimulation of radial expansion in Arabidopsis roots by inhibitors of actomyosin and vesicle secretion but not by various inhibitors of metabolism. Planta 197: 514-521.
17. Bassham DC, Gal S, Conceicao AD, Raikhel NV. 1995. An Arabidopsis syntaxin homologue isolated by functional complementation of a yeast pep12 mutant. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 92: 7262-7266.
18. Bassham DC, Raikhel NV. 1998. An Arabidopsis VPS45p homolog implicated in protein transport to the vacuole. Plant Physiology 117: 407-415.
19. Battey NH, Blackbourn HD. 1993. The control of exocytosis in plant cells. New Phytologist 125: 307-338.
20. Battey NH, James NC, Greenland AJ, Brownlee C. 1999. Exocytosis and endocytosis. The Plant Cell 11: 643-659.
21. Bednarek SY, Reynolds TL, Schroeder M, Grabowski R, Hengst L, Gallwitz D, Raikhel NV. 1994. A small GTP-binding protein from Arabidopsis thaliana functionally complements the yeast YPT6 null mutant. Plant Physiology 104: 591-596.
22. Beevers L, Raikhel NV. 1998. Transport to the vacuole: receptors and trans elements. Journal of Experimental Botany 49: 1271-1279.
23. Bennett MK, Calakos N, Kreiner T, Scheller RH. 1992a. Synaptic vesicle membrane proteins interact to form a multimeric complex. Journal of Cell Biology 116: 761-775.
24. Bennett MK, Calakos N, Scheller RH. 1992b. Syntaxin - a synaptic protein implicated in docking of synaptic vesicles at presynaptic active zones. Science 257: 255-259.
25. Bennett MK, Garciaarraras JE, Elferink LA, Peterson K, Fleming AM, Hazuka CD, Scheller RH. 1993. The syntaxin family of vesicular transport receptors. Cell 74: 863-873.
26. Bennett MK, Scheller RH. 1993. The molecular machinery for secretion is conserved from yeast to neurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 90: 2559-2563.
27. Bestwick CS, Bennett MH, Mansfield JW. 1995. Hrp mutant of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola induces cell-wall alterations but not membrane damage leading to the hypersensitive reaction in lettuce. Plant Physiology 108: 503-516.
28. Betz A, Okamoto M, Benseler F, Brose N. 1997. Direct interaction of the rat unc-13 homologue Munc13 1 with the N terminus of syntaxin. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272: 2520-2526.
29. Bezprozvanny I, Scheller RH, Tsien RW. 1995. Functional impact of syntaxin on gating of N-type and Q-type calcium channels. Nature 378: 623-626.
30. Binz T, Blasi J, Yamasaki S, Baumeister A, Link E, Sudhof TC, Jahn R, Niemann H. 1994. Proteolysis of snap-25 by type-E and type-A botulinal neurotoxins. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269: 1617-1620.
31. Blasi J, Chapman ER, Yamasaki S, Binz T, Niemann H, Jahn R. 1993. Botulinum neurotoxin-C1 blocks neurotransmitter release by means of cleaving HPC-1/syntaxin. The EMBO Journal 12: 4821-4828.
32. Blatt MR, Grabov A. 1997. Signalling gates in abscisic acid-mediated control of guard cell ion channels. Physiologia Plantarum 100: 481-490.
33. Blatt MR, Leyman B, Grabov A. 1999. Cellular responses to water stress. In: Shinozaki K, ed. Plant responses to environmental stress. Houston, TX, USA: Landes, 90-126.
34. Blatt MR, Thiel G. 1993. Hormonal control of ion channel gating. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 44: 543-567.
35. Blatt MR, Wessells N, Briggs WR. 1980. Actin and cortical fiber reticulation in the siphonaceous alga Vaucheria sessilis. Planta 147: 363-375.
36. Block MR, Glick BS, Wilcox CA, Wieland FT, Rothman JE. 1988. Purification of an n-ethylmaleimide-sensitive protein catalyzing vesicular transport. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 85: 7852-7856.
37. Bock JB, Lin RC, Scheller RH. 1996. A new syntaxin family member implicated in targeting of intracellular transport vesicles. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271: 17961-17965.
38. Boevink P, Martin B, Oparka K, Cruz SS, Hawes C. 1999. Transport of virally expressed green fluorescent protein through the secretory pathway in tobacco leaves is inhibited by cold shock and brefeldin A. Planta 208: 392-400.
39. Boevink P, Oparka K, Cruz SS, Martin B, Betteridge A, Hawes C. 1998. Stacks on tracks: the plant Golgi apparatus traffics on an actin/ER network. The Plant Journal 15: 441-447.
40. Bokoch GM, Der CJ. 1993. Emerging concepts in the Ras superfamily of GTP-binding proteins. The FASEB Journal 7: 750-659.
41. Bolwell GP. 1993. Dynamic aspects of the plant extracellular-matrix. International Review of Cytology 146: 261-324.
42. Bonetta D, Mccourt P. 1998. Genetic analysis of ABA signal transduction pathways. Trends in Plant Science 3: 231-235.
43. Boyd IA, Martin AR. 1956. The end-plate potential in mammalian muscle. Journal of Physiology 132: 74-91.
44. Braun JEA, Scheller RH. 1995. Cysteine string protein, a DNAj family member, is present on diverse secretory vesicles. Neuropharmacology 34: 1361-1369.
45. Brose N, Hofmann K, Hata Y, Sudhof TC. 1995. Mammalian homologs of Caenorhabditis elegans unc-13 gene define novel family of C2-domain proteins. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270: 25273-25280.
46. Brown I, Mansfield J, Bonas U. 1995. Hrp genes in Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria determine ability to suppress papilla deposition in pepper mesophyll cells. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 8: 825-836.
47. Brown I, Trethowan J, Kerry M, Mansfield J, Bolwell GP. 1998. Localization of components of the oxidative cross-linking of glycoproteins and of callose synthesis in papillae formed during the interaction between non-pathogenic strains of Xanthomonas campestris and French bean mesophyll cells. The Plant Journal 15: 333-343.
48. Burns ME, Sasaki T, Takai Y, Augustine GJ. 1998. Rabphilin-3A: a multifunctional regulator of synaptic vesicle traffic. Journal of General Physiology 111: 243-255.
49. Bush DS, Jones RL. 1988. Cytoplasmic calcium and alpha-amylase secretion from barley aleurone protoplasts. European Journal of Cell Biology 46: 466-469.
50. Calakos N, Bennett MK, Peterson KE, Scheller RH. 1994. Protein-protein interactions contributing to the specificity of intracellular vesicular trafficking. Science 263: 1146-1149.
51. Calakos N, Scheller RH. 1996. Synaptic vesicle biogenesis, docking, and fusion: a molecular description. Physiological Reviews 76: 1-29.
52. 2+, annexins, and GTP modulate exocytosis from maize root cap protoplasts. The Plant Cell 10: 1267-1276.
53. Casey PJ. 1995. Protein lipidation in cell signalling. Science 268: 221-225.
54. Cassab GI. 1998. Plant cell wall proteins. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 49: 281-309.
55. Chaboud A, Rougier M. 1981. Mucilaginous secretion by plant-roots and their function within the rhizosphere. Annee Biologique 20: 313-326.
56. Chamberlain LH, Roth D, Morgan A, Burgoyne RD. 1995. Distinct effects of alpha-snap, 14-3-3-proteins, and calmodulin on priming and triggering of regulated exocytosis. Journal of Cell Biology 130: 1063-1070.
57. Chapman ER, An S, Barton N, Jahn R. 1994. Snap-25, a t-SNARE which binds to both syntaxin and synaptobrevin via domains that may form coiled coils. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269: 27427-27432.
58. 2+-triggered dimerization. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271: 5844-5849.
59. 2+ regulates the interaction between synaptotagmin and syntaxin-1. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270: 23667-23671.
60. Clary DO, Griff IC, Rothman JE. 1990. SNAPs, a family of NSF attachment proteins involved in intracellular membrane fusion in animals and yeast. Cell 61: 709-721.
61. Conceicao AS, MartyMazars D, Bassham DC, Sanderfoot AA, Marty F, Raikhel NV. 1997. The syntaxin homolog AtPEP12p resides on a late post-Golgi compartment in plants. The Plant Cell 9: 571-582.
62. Confalonieri F, Duguet M. 1995. A 200-amino acid ATPase module in search of a basic function. BioEssays 17: 639-650.
63. Conrad PA, Binari LLW, Racusen RH. 1982. Rapidly-secreting, cultured oat cells serve as a model system for the study of cellular exocytosis - characterization of cells and isolated secretory vesicles. Protoplasma 112: 196-204.
64. Cram WJ. 1980. Pinocytosis in plants. New Phytologist 84: 1-17.
65. Crooks K, Coleman J, Hawes C. 1999. The turnover of cell surface proteins of carrot protoplasts. Planta 208: 46-58.
66. Cross JW. 1991. Cycling of auxin-binding protein through the plant cell: pathways in auxin signal transduction. New Biology 3: 813-819.
67. Cutler S, Ghassemian M, Bonetta D, Cooney S, McCourt P. 1996. A protein farnesyl transferase involved in abscisic acid signal transduction in Arabidopsis. Science 273: 1239-1241.
68. Dai JW, Sheetz MP, Wan XD, Morris CE. 1998. Membrane tension in swelling and shrinking molluscan neurons. Journal of Neuroscience 18: 6681-6692.
69. Dale HH, Feldberg W, Vogt M. 1936. Release of acetylcholine at voluntary motor nerve endings. Journal of Physiology 86: 353-380.
70. Dangl JL, Hauffe KD, Lipphardt S, Hahlbrock K, Scheel D. 1987. Parsley protoplasts retain differential responsiveness to UV light and fungal elicitor. The EMBO Journal 6: 2551-2556.
71. Dascher C, Balch WE. 1996. Mammalian sly1 regulates syntaxin-5 function in endoplasmic reticulum to golgi transport. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271: 15866-15869.
72. Decamilli P, Emr SD, Mcpherson PS, Novick P. 1996. Phosphoinositides as regulators in membrane traffic. Science 271: 1533-1539.
73. Delbarre A, Muller P, Guern J. 1998. Short-lived and phosphorylated proteins contribute to carrier-mediated efflux, but not to influx, of auxin in suspension-cultured tobacco cells. Plant Physiology 116: 833-844.
74. DelCastillo J, Katz B. 1954. Quantal components of the endplate potential. Journal of Physiology 124: 560-573.
75. DelCastillo J, Katz B. 1957. La base 'quantale' de la transmission neuro-musculaire. Coll. internat. C.N.R.S. (Paris): 67: 245-258.
76. Delmer DP, Potikha TS. 1997. Structures and functions of annexins in plants. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 53: 546-553.
77. Depta H. 1987. Auxin transport: inhibition by 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (2,3,5-TIBA). In: Venis M, Napier J, Hertel R, eds. Molecular biology of plant growth control. Los Angeles, CA, USA: Alan Liss, 267-274.
78. Diekmann W, Venis MA, Robinson DG. 1995. Auxins induce clustering of the auxin-binding protein at the surface of maize coleoptile protoplasts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 92: 3425-3429.
79. Driouich A, Zhang GF, Staehelin LA. 1993. Effect of brefeldin A on the structure of the golgi apparatus and on the synthesis and secretion of proteins and polysaccharides in sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) suspension cultured cells. Plant Physiology 101: 1363-1373.
80. Fasshauer D, Antonin W, Margittai M, Pabst S, Jahn R. 1999. Mixed and non-cognate SNARE complexes - characterization of assembly and biophysical properties. Journal of Biological Chemistry 274: 15440-15446.
81. Fasshauer D, Bruns D, Shen B, Jahn R, Brunger AT. 1997a. A structural change occurs upon binding of syntaxin to SNAP-25. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272: 4582-4590.
82. Fasshauer D, Otto H, Eliason WK, Jahn R, Brunger AT. 1997b. Structural changes are associated with soluble N-ethyhmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor complex formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272: 28036-28041.
83. Fasshauer D, Sutton RB, Brunger AT, Jahn R. 1998. Conserved structural features of the synaptic fusion complex: SNARE proteins reclassified as Q-and R-SNAREs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 95: 15781-15786.
84. Fatt P, Katz B. 1952. Spontaneous subthreshold activity at motor nerve endings. Journal of Physiology 117: 109-128.
85. Felle H. 1988. Auxin causes oscillations of cytosolic free calcium and pH in Zea mays coleoptiles. Planta 174: 495-499.
86. Fernandez I, Ubach J, Dulubova I, Zhang XY, Sudhof TC, Rizo J. 1998. Three-dimensional structure of an evolutionary conserved N-terminal domain of syntaxin 1A. Cel l94: 841-849.
87. Findlay GP. 1988. Nectaries and other glands. In: Baker DA, Hall JL, eds. Solute transport in plant cells and tissues. Harlow, UK: Longman, 538-560.
88. Fleming KG, Hohl TM, Yu RC, Muller SA, Wolpensinger B, Engel A, Engelhardt H, Brunger AT, Sollner TH, Hanson PI. 1998. A revised model for the oligomeric state of the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein, NSF. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273: 15675-15681.
89. Foissner I. 1988. Chlortetracycline-induced formation of wall appositions (callose plugs) in internodal cells of Nitella flexilis (Characeae). Journal of Phycology 24: 458-467.
90. Foissner I. 1990. Wall appositions induced by ionophore a23187, cac12, lac13, and nifedipine in characean cells. Protoplasma 154: 80-90.
91. Fries E, Rothman JE. 1980. Transport of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein in a cell free extract. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 77: 3870-3874.
92. Fujita Y, Sasaki T, Fukui K, Kotani H, Kimura T, Hata Y, Sudhof TC, Scheller RH, Takai Y. 1996. Phosphorylation of munc-18/n-sec1/rbsec1 by protein kinase C - its implication in regulating the interaction of munc-18/n-sec1/rbsec1 with syntaxin. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271: 7265-7268.
93. Fujita Y, Shirataki H, Sakisaka T, Asakura T, Ohya T, Kotani H, Yokoyama S, Nishioka H, Matsuura Y, Mizoguchi A, Scheller RH, Takai Y. 1998. Tomosyn: a syntaxin-1-binding protein that forms a novel complex in the neurotransmitter release process. Neuron 20: 905-915.
94. 2+-triggered synaptic vesicle exocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis at a central synapse. Neuron 21: 607-616.
95. Gaisano HY, Ghai M, Malkus PN, Sheu L, Bouquillon A, Bennett MK, Trimble WS. 1996. Distinct cellular locations of the syntaxin family of proteins in rat pancreatic acinar cells. Molecular Biology of the Cell 7: 2019-2027.
96. Gaisano HY, Sheu L, Wong PPC, Klip A, Trimble WS. 1997. SNAP-23 is located in the basolateral plasma membrane of rat pancreatic acinar cells. FEBS Letters 414: 298-302.
97. Galweiler L, Guan CH, Muller A, Wisman E, Mendgen K, Yephremov A, Palme K. 1998. Regulation of polar auxin transport by AtPIN1 in Arabidopsis vascular tissue. Science 282: 2226-2230.
98. Gillis KD. 1995. Techniques for membrane capacitance measurements. In: Sakmann B, Neher E, eds. Single-channel recording. New York, USA: Plenum, 155-198.
99. Gilroy S. 1996. Signal transduction in barley aleurone protoplasts is calcium dependent and independent. The Plant Cell 8: 2193-2209.
100. Gilroy S, Jones RL. 1994. Perception of gibberellin and abscisic-acid at the external face of the plasma-membrane of barley Hordeum-vulgare 1. Aleurone protoplasts. Plant Physiology 104: 1185-1192.
101. Gotte M, vonMollard GF. 1998. A new beat for the SNARE drum. Trends in Cell Biology 8: 215-218.
102. Gradmann D, Robinson DG. 1989. Does turgor prevent endocytosis in plant-cells. Plant, Cell and Environment 12: 151-154.
103. Griff IC, Schekman R, Rothman JE, Kaiser CA. 1992. The yeast sec17 gene product is functionally equivalent to mammalian alpha SNAP protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry 267: 12106-12115.
104. Gu XJ, Verma DPS. 1997. Dynamics of phragmoplastin in living cells during cell plate formation and uncoupling of cell elongation from the plane of cell division. The Plant Cell 9: 157-169.
105. Guex N, Peitsch MC. 1997. SWISS-MODEL and the Swiss-PdbViewer: an environment for comparative protein modeling. Electrophoresis 18: 2714-2723.
106. Haas A, Scheglmann D, Lazar T, Gallwitz D, Wickner W. 1995. The GTPase ypt7p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required on both partner vacuoles for the homotypic fusion step of vacuole inheritance. The EMBO Journal 14: 5258-5270.
107. Hager A, Brich M, Debus G, Edel H-G, Priester T. 1989. Membrane metabolism and growth: phospholipases, protein kinase and exocytotic processes in coleoptiles of Zea mays. In: Tazawa M, ed. Plant water relations and growth under stress. Osaka, Japan: Yamada Science Foundation, 275-282.
108. +-ATPase. Planta 185: 627-537.
109. Hager A, Menzel H, Krauss A. 1971. Versuche und Hypothese zur Primärwirkung des Auxin beim Streckenwachstum. Planta 100: 47-75.
110. Hanson PI, Heuser JE, Jahn R. 1997. Neurotransmitter release - four years of SNARE complexes. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 7: 310-315.
111. Hata Y, Slaughter CA, Sudhof TC. 1993. Synaptic vesicle fusion complex contains Unc-18 homolog bound to syntaxin. Nature 366: 347-351.
112. Hata Y, Sudhof TC. 1995. A novel ubiquitous form of munc-18 interacts with multiple syntaxins - use of the yeast 2-hybrid system to study interactions between proteins involved in membrane traffic. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270: 13022-13028.
113. Hayashi T, Mcmahon H, Yamasaki S, Binz T, Hata Y, Sudhof TC, Niemann H. 1994. Synaptic vesicle membrane-fusion complex - action of clostridial neurotoxins on assembly. The EMBO Journal 13: 5051-5061.
114. Hayashi T, Yamasaki S, Nauenburg S, Binz T, Niemann H. 1995. Disassembly of the reconstituted synaptic vesicle membrane fusion complex in vitro. The EMBO Journal 14: 2317-2325.
115. Henkel AW, Almers W. 1996. Fast steps in exocytosis and endocytosis studied by capacitance measurements in endocrine cells. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 6: 350-357.
116. Heyn A, Hoffmann S, Hertel R. 1987. In vitro auxin transport in membrane-vesicles from maize coleoptiles. Planta 172: 285-287.
117. Hirai Y, Nakagawa S, Takeichi M. 1993. Reexammation of the properties of epimorphin and its possible roles. Cell 73: 426-427.
118. Hirling H, Scheller RH. 1996. Phosphorylation of synaptic vesicle proteins - modulation of the alpha-SNAP interaction with the core complex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 93: 11945-11949.
119. Hodgkin AL, Huxley AF. 1952. A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve. Journal of Physiology 117: 500-544.
120. Hodgkin AL, Katz B. 1949. The effect of sodium ions on the electrical activity of the giant axon of the squid. Journal of Physiology 108: 37-77.
121. HohneZell B, Gratzl M. 1996. Adrenal chromaffin cells contain functionally different SNAP-25 monomers and SNAP-25/ syntaxin heterodimers. FEBS Letters 394: 109-116.
122. Holthuis JCM, Nichols BJ, Dhruvakumar S, Pelham HRB. 1998a. Two syntaxin homologues in the TGN/endosomal system of yeast. The EMBO Journal 17: 113-126.
123. Holthuis JCM, Nichols BJ, Pelham HRB. 1998b. The syntaxin Tlg1p mediates trafficking of chitin synthase III to polarized growth sites in yeast. Molecular Biology of the Cell 9: 3383-3397.
124. Homann U. 1998. Fusion and fission of plasma membrane material accommodates for osmotically induced changes in the surface area of guard cell protoplasts. Planta 206: 329-333.
125. 2+/GTP-binding protein-controlled exocytosis in a plant cell. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 94: 6565-6570.
126. Homann U, Tester M. 1998. Patch-clamp measurements of capacitance to study exocytosis and endocytosis. Trends in Plant Science 3: 110-114.
127. Ibata K, Fukuda M, Mikoshiba K. 1998. Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate binding activities of neuronal and non-neuronal synaptotagmins - identification of conserved amino acid substitutions that abolish inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate binding to synaptotagmins III, V, and X. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273: 12267-12273.
128. + channels (K-DR) in insulin secreting HIT-T15 beta cells. Molecular Biology of the Cell 9: 1942
129. Jones AM. 1994. Auxin-binding proteins. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 45: 393-420.
130. Jones AM, Im KH, Savka MA, Wu MJ, Dewitt NG, Shillito R, Binns AN. 1998. Auxin-dependent cell expansion mediated by overexpressed auxin-binding protein 1. Science 282: 1114-1117.
131. Jones RL. 1973. Gibberellic acid and ion release from barley aleurone tissue. Plant Physiology 52: 303-308.
132. Jones RL, Jacobsen JV. 1983. Calcium regulation of secretion of alpha-amylase isoenzymes and other proteins from barley aleurone layers. Planta 158: 1-9.
133. Jones RL, Jacobsen JV. 1991. Regulation of synthesis and transport of secreted proteins in cereal aleurone. International Review of Cytology 126: 49-88.
134. Kaiser CA, Gimeno RE, Shaywitz DA. 1997. Protein secretion, membrane biogenesis and endocytosis. In: Prmgle JR, Broach JR, Jones EW. eds. The molecular and cellular biology of the yeast Saccharomyces. Boston, MA, USA: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 91-227.
135. Katz B. 1969. The release of neural transmitter substances. Springfield, IL, USA: Charles C. Thomas, 1-60.
136. Kee Y, Lin RC, Hsu SC, Scheller RH. 1995. Distinct domains of syntaxin are required for synaptic vesicle fusion complex-formation and dissociation. Neuron 14: 991-998.
137. Kee Y, Scheller RH. 1996. Localization of synaptotagmin-binding domains on syntaxin. Journal of Neuroscience 16: 1975-1981.
138. Kee Y, Yoo JS, Hazuka CD, Peterson KE, Hsu SC, Scheller RH. 1997. Subunit structure of the mammalian exocyst complex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 94: 14438-14443.
139. Keller P, Simons K. 1997. Post-golgi biosynthetic trafficking. Journal of Cell Science 110: 3001-3009.
140. Kim M, Hepler PK, Fun SO, Ha KS, Lee Y. 1995. Actin filaments in mature guard cells are radially distributed and involved in stomatal movement. Plant Physiology 109: 1077-1084.
141. Krasnoperov VG, Bittner MA, Beavis R, Kuang YN, Salnikow KV, Chepurny OG, Little AR, Plotnikov AN, Wu DQ, Holz RW, Petrenko AG. 1997. alpha-latrotoxin stimulates exocytosis by the interaction with a neuronal G-protein-coupled receptor. Neuron 18: 925-937.
142. Kretzschmar S, Volknandt W, Zimmermann H. 1996. Colocalization on the same synaptic vesicles of syntaxin and SNAP-25 with synaptic vesicle proteins: a re-evaluation of functional models required? Neuroscience Research 26: 141-148.
143. Kuromi H, Kidokoro Y. 1998. Two distinct pools of synaptic vesicles in single presynaptic boutons in a temperature-sensitive Drosophila mutant, shibire. Neuron 20: 917-925.
144. Kutschera U, Briggs WR. 1987. Rapid auxin-induced stimulation of cell wall synthesis in pea internodes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 84: 2747-2751.
145. Labavitch JM. 1981. Cell-wall turnover in plant development. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 32: 385-406.
146. Lauber MH, Waizenegger I, Steinmann T, Schwarz H, Mayer U, Hwang I, Lukowitz W, Jurgens G. 1997. The Arabidopsis KNOLLE protein is a cytokinesis-specific syntaxin. Journal of Cell Biology 139: 1485-1493.
147. Lelianova VG, Davletov BA, Sterling A, Rahman MA, Grishin EV, Totty NF, Ushkaryov YA. 1997. alpha-Latrotoxin receptor, latrophilin, is a novel member of the secretin family of G protein-coupled receptors. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272: 21504-21508.
148. Leung J, Giraudat J. 1998. Abscisic acid signal transduction. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 49: 199-222.
149. Leveque C, Pupier S, Marqueze B, Geslin L, Kataoka M, Takahashi M, DeWaard M, Seagar M. 1998. Interaction of cysteine string proteins with the alpha(1)A subunit of the P/Q-type calcium channel. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273: 13488-13492.
150. Lewis MJ, Rayner JC, Pelham HRB. 1997. A novel SNARE complex implicated in vesicle fusion with the endoplasmic reticulum. The EMBO Journal 16: 3017-3024.
151. Leyman B, Geelen D, Quintero FJ, Blatt MR. 1999. A tobacco syntaxin with a role in hormonal control of guard cell ion channels. Science 283: 537-540.
152. Lian JP, Stone S, Jiang Y, Lyons P, Ferronovick S. 1994. Ypt1p implicated in v-SNARE activation. Nature 372: 698-701.
153. Lin YK, Wang YL, Zhu JK, Yang ZB. 1996. Localization of a Rho GTPase implies a role in tip growth and movement of the generative cell in pollen tubes. The Plant Cell 8: 293-303.
154. Linial M, Ilouz N, Parnas H. 1997. Voltage-dependent interaction between the muscarinic ACh receptor and proteins of the exocytic machinery. Journal of Physiology 504: 251-258.
155. Louguet P, Coudret A, Couotgastelier J, Lasceve G. 1990. Structure and ultrastructure of stomata. Biochemie Und Physiologie Der Pflanzen 186: 273-287.
156. Low SH, Chapin SJ, Weimbs T, Komuves LG, Bennett MK, Mostov KE. 1996. Differential localization of syntaxin isoforms in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Molecular Biology of the Cell 7: 2007-2018.
157. Low SH, Roche PA, Anderson HA, vanIjzendoorn SCD, Zhang M, Mostov KE, Weimbs T. 1998. Targeting of SNAP-23 and SNAP-25 in polarized epithelial cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273: 3422-3430.
158. Luetzelschwab M, Asard H, Ingold U, Hertel R. 1989. Heterogeneity of auxin-accumulating membrane vesicles from Cucurbita and Zea: a possible reflection of cell polarity. Planta 177: 304-311.
159. Lukowitz W, Mayer U, Jurgens G. 1996. Cytokinesis in the Arabidopsis embryo involves the syntaxin related knolle gene product. Cell 84: 61-71.
160. Lupashin VV, Hamamoto S, Schekman RW. 1996. Biochemical requirements for the targeting and fusion of ER-derived transport vesicles with purified yeast Golgi membranes. Journal of Cell Biology 132: 277-289.
161. Margittai M, Otto H, Jahn R. 1999. A stable interaction between syntaxin 1a and synaptobrevin 2 mediated by their transmembrane domains. FEBS Letters 446: 40-44.
162. Martin KC, Hu YH, Armitage BA, Siegelbaum SA, Kandel ER, Kaang BK. 1995. Evidence for synaptotagmin as an inhibitory clamp on synaptic vesicle release in Aplysia neurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 92: 11307-11311.
163. Martin TFJ. 1997. Stages of regulated exocytosis. Trends in Cell Biology 7: 271-276.
164. Martinmoutot N, Charvin N, Leveque C, Sato K, Nishiki T, Kozaki S, Takahashi M, Seagar M. 1996. Interaction of snare complexes with P/Q-type calcium channels in rat cerebellar synaptosomes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271: 6567-6570.
165. Masuda ES, Huang BCB, Fisher JM, Luo Y, Scheller RH. 1998. Tomosyn binds t-SNARE proteins via a VAMP-like coiled coil. Neuron 21: 479-480.
166. Matsuda N, Nakano A. 1998. RMA1, an Arabidopsis thaliana gene whose cDNA suppresses the yeast sec15 mutation, encodes a novel protein with a RING finger motif and a membrane anchor. Plant Cell Physiology 39: 545-554.
167. Matsui M, Sasamoto S, Kunieda T, Nomura N, Ishizaki R. 1989. Cloning of ara, a putative Arabidopsis thaliana gene homologous to the ras-related gene family. Gene 76: 313-319.
168. Mayer A, Wickner W. 1997. Docking of yeast vacuoles is catalyzed by the Ras-like GTPaSe Ypt7p after symmetric priming by Sec18p (NSF). Journal of Cell Biology 136: 307-317.
169. 2s): comparison of arachidonoyl-selective and -nonselective enzymes. FASEB Journal 7: 339-348.
170. McLusky SR, Bennett MH, Beale MH, Lewis MJ, Gaskin P, Mansfield JW. 1999. Cell wall alterations and localized accumulation of feruloyl-3′-methoxytyramine in onion epidermis at sites of attempted penetration by Botrytis allii are associated with actin polarisation, peroxidase activity and suppression of flavonoid biosynthesis. The Plant Journal 17: 523-534.
171. McMahon HT, Bolshakov VY, Janz R, Hammer RE, Siegelbaum SA, Sudhof TC. 1996. Synaptophysin, a major synaptic vesicle protein, is not essential for neurotransmitter release. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 93: 4760-4764.
172. McMahon HT, Missler M, Li C, Sudhof TC. 1995. Complexins - cytosolic proteins that regulate SNAP receptor function. Cell 83: 111-119.
173. McNew JA, Sogaard M, Lampen NM, Machida S, Ye RR, Lacomis L, Tempst P, Rothman JE, Sollner TH. 1997. Ykt6p, a prenylated SNARE essential for endoplasmic reticulum golgi transport. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272: 17776-17783.
174. Meffert MK, Calakos NC, Scheller RH, Schulman H. 1996. Nitric oxide modulates synaptic vesicle docking/fusion reactions. Neuron 16: 1229-1236.
175. Miesenbock G, DeAngelis DA, Rothman JE. 1998. Visualizing secretion and synaptic transmission with pH-sensitive green fluorescent proteins. Nature 394: 192-195.
176. 2+ channels. Neuron 17: 781-788.
177. Montecucco C, Schiavo G. 1995. Structure and function of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins. Quarterley Review of Biophysics 28: 423-472.
178. Moore PJ, Swords KMM, Lynch MA, Staehelin LA. 1991. Spatial-organization of the assembly pathways of glycoproteins and complex polysacchandes in the golgi-apparatus of plants. Journal of Cell Biology 112: 589-602.
179. Morgan A, Dimaline R, Burgoyne RD. 1994. The ATPase activity of n-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) is regulated by soluble NSF attachment proteins. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269: 29347-29350.
180. Morris DA, Robinson JS. 1998. Targeting of auxin carriers to the plasma membrane: differential effects of brefeldin A on the traffic of auxin uptake and efflux carriers. Planta 205: 606-612.
181. Nagahama M, Orci L, Ravazzola M, Amherdt M, Lacomis L, Tempst P, Rothman JE, Sollner TH. 1996. A v-snare implicated in intra-golgi transport. Journal of Cell Biology 133: 507-516.
182. Nakajima H, Hirata A, Ogawa Y, Yonehara T, Yoda K, Yamasaki M. 1991. A cytoskeleton-related gene, Uso1, is required for intracellular protein transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Journal of Cell Biology 113: 245-260.
183. Nakano A, Muramatsu M. 1989. A novel GTP-binding protein, sar1p, is involved in transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the golgi apparatus. Journal of Cell Biology 109: 2677-2691.
184. Napier RM, Venis MA. 1995. Auxin action and auxin-binding proteins. New Phytologist 129: 167-201.
185. Naren AP, Nelson DJ, Xie WW, Jovov B, Pevsner J, Bennett MK, Benos DJ, Quick MW, Kirk KL. 1997. Regulation of CFTR chloride channels by syntaxin and Munc18 isoforms. Nature 390: 302-305.
186. Naren AP, Quick MW, Collawn JF, Nelson DJ, Kirk KL. 1998. Syntaxin 1A inhibits CFTR chloride channels by means of domain-specific protein-protein interactions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 95: 10972-10977.
187. Negrel J, Pollet B, Lapierre C. 1996. Ether-linked ferulic acid amides in natural and wound periderms of potato tuber. Phytochemistry 43: 1195-1199.
188. 2+ microdomains: new tools for understanding their roles in neurotransmitter release. Neuron 20: 389-399.
189. Neuhaus JM, Rogers JC. 1998. Sorting of proteins to vacuoles in plant cells. Plant Molecular Biology 38: 127-144.
190. Nichols BJ, Pelham HRB. 1998. SNAREs and membrane fusion in the Golgi apparatus. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta 1404: 9-31.
191. Nichols BJ, Ungermann C, Pelham HRB, Wickner WT, Haas A. 1997. Homotypic vacuolar fusion mediated by t-and v-SNAREs. Nature 387: 199-202.
192. Nishimune A, Isaac JTR, Molnar E, Noel J, Nash SR, Tagaya M, Collingridge GL, Nakanishi S, Henley JM. 1998. NSF binding to GluR2 regulates synaptic transmission. Neuron 21: 87-97.
193. Novick P, Field C, Schekman R. 1980. Identification of 23 complementation groups required fro post-translational events in the yeast secretory pathway. Cell 21: 205-215.
194. Novick P, Zerial M. 1997. The diversity of Rab proteins in vesicle transport. Current Opinion in Cell Biology 9: 496-504.
195. Nuoffer C, Balch WE. 1994. GTPases - multifunctional molecular switches regulating vesicular traffic. Annual Review of Biochemistry 63: 949-990.
196. O'Connor V, Heuss C, DeBello WM, Dresbach T, Charlton MP, Hunt JH, Pellegrini LL, Hodel A, Burger MM, Betz H, Augustine GJ, Schafer T. 1997. Disruption of syntaxin-mediated protein interactions blocks neurotransmitter secretion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 94: 12186-12191.
197. 2+ channel complex. FEBS Letters 326: 255-260.
198. Ogawa H, Hayashi N, Hori I, Kobayashi T, Hosono R. 1996. Expression, purification and characterization of recombinant C. elegans unc-18. Neurochemistry International 29: 553-563.
199. Oheim M, Loerke D, Stuhmer W, Chow RH. 1998. The last few milliseconds in the life of a secretory granule - docking, dynamics and fusion visualized by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). European Biophysics Journal With Biophysics Letters 27: 83-98.
200. Ohya T, Sasaki T, Kato M, Takai Y. 1998. Involvement of rabphilin3 in endocytosis through interaction with rabaptin5. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273: 613-617.
201. Osten P, Srivastava S, Inman GJ, Vilim FS, Khatri L, Lee LM, States BA, Einheber S, Milner TA, Hanson PI, Ziff EB. 1998. The AMPA receptor GluR2 C terminus can mediate a reversible, ATP-dependent interaction with NSF and alpha-and beta-SNAPs. Neuron 21: 99-110.
202. Ott D, Brown Jr M. 1974. Developmental cytology of the genus Vaucheria. I. Organization of the vegetative filament. British Phycological Journal 9: 111-126.
203. Pack I, Orci L, Ravazzola M, Erdjumentbromage H, Amherdt M, Tempst P, Sollner TH, Rothman JE. 1997. ERS-24, a mammalian v-SNARE implicated in vesicle traffic between the ER and the Golgi. Journal of Cell Biology 137: 1017-1028.
204. Paris N, Rogers SW, Jiang LW, Kirsch T, Beevers L, Phillips TE, Rogers JC. 1997. Molecular cloning and further characterization of a probable plant vacuolar sorting receptor. Plant Physiology 115: 29-39.
205. Paris N, Stanley CM, Jones RL, Rogers JC. 1996. Plant cells contain 2 functionally distinct vacuolar compartments. Cell 85: 563-572.
206. Pearce G, Marchand PA, Griswold J, Lewis NG, Ryan CA. 1998. Accumulation of feruloyltyramine and p-coumaroyltyramine in tomato leaves in response to wounding. Phytochemistry 47: 659-664.
207. Pei ZM, Ghassemian M, Kwak CM, Mccourt P, Schroeder JI. 1998. Role of farnesyltransferase in ABA regulation of guard cell anion channels and plant water loss. Science 282: 287-290.
208. Penner R, Neher E. 1989. The patch-clamp technique in the study of secretion. Trends in Neurosciences 12: 159-163.
209. 2t/calmodulin signals the completion docking and triggers a late step of vacuole fusion. Nature 396: 575-580.
210. Pfeffer SR. 1996. Transport vesicle docking: SNAREs and associates. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 12: 441-461.
211. Pfeiffer W. 1996. Auxin induces exocytosis of acid phosphatase in coleoptiles from Zea mays. Physiologia Plantarum 98: 773-779.
212. Phillips GD, Preshaw C, Steer MW. 1988. Dictyosome vesicle production and plasma-membrane turnover in auxin-stimulated outer epidermal-cells of coleoptile segments from avenasativa (L). Protoplasma 145: 59-65.
213. Picton JM, Steer MW. 1983. Membrane recycling and the control of secretory activity in pollen tubes. Journal of Cell Science 63: 303-310.
214. Prekeris R, Klumperman J, Chen YA, Scheller RH. 1998. Syntaxin 13 mediates cycling of plasma membrane proteins via tubulovesicular recycling endosomes. Journal of Cell Biology 143: 957-971.
215. Rayle DL, Cleland RE. 1977. Control of plant cell enlargement by hydrogen ions. Current Topics in Developmental Biology 11: 187-214.
216. 2+ channel/ syntaxin interaction. Journal of Neuroscience 17: 6647-6656.
217. 2+ channels with the presynaptic proteins syntaxin and SNAP-25. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 93: 7363-7368.
218. Ritchie S, Gilroy S. 1998a. Tansley Review No. 100. Gibberellins: regulating genes and germination. New Phytologist 140: 363-383.
219. Ritchie S, Gilroy S. 1998b. Calcium-dependent protein phosphorylation may mediate the gibberellic acid response in barley aleurone. Plant Physiology 116: 765-776.
220. Robinson DG, Hinz G, Holstein SEH. 1998. The molecular characterization of transport vesicles. Plant Molecular Biology 38: 49-76.
221. Rogers JC. 1998. Compartmentation of plant cell proteins in separate lytic and protein storage vacuoles. Journal of Plant Physiology 152: 653-658.
222. Rothman JE. 1994. Mechanism of intracellular protein transport. Nature 372: 55-63.
223. Rothman JE, Orci L. 1992. Molecular dissection of the secretory pathway. Nature 355: 409-415.
224. Rowe T, Dascher C, Bannykh S, Plutner H, Balch WE. 1998. Role of vesicle-associated syntaxin 5 in the assembly of pre-Golgi intermediates. Science 279: 696-700.
225. Sanderfoot AA, Ahmed SU, MartyMazars D, Rapoport I, Kirchhausen T, Marty F, Raikhel NV. 1998. A putative vacuolar cargo receptor partially colocalizes with AtPEP12p on a prevacuolar compartment in Arabidopsis roots. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 95: 9920-9925.
226. Sanderfoot AA, Raikhel NV. 1999. The specificity of vesicle trafficking: Coat proteins and SNAREs. The Plant Cell 11: 629-641.
227. Sassa T, Ogawa H, Kimoto M, Hosono R. 1996. The synaptic protein unc-18 is phosphorylated by protein kinase C. Neurochemistry International 29: 543-552.
228. Sato K, Wickner W. 1998. Functional reconstitution of Ypt7p GTPase and a purified vacuole SNARE complex. Science 281: 700-702.
229. Sato MH, Nakamura N, Ohsumi Y, Kouchi H, Kondo M, HaraNishimura I, Nishimura M, Wada Y. 1997. The AtVAM3 encodes a syntaxin-related molecule implicated in the vacuolar assembly in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272: 24530-24535.
230. Scheel D, Hauffe KD, Hahlbrock K. 1985. Stimulation of different phenylpropanoid pathways in cultured parsley cells by UV-light and fungal elicitor. Biological Chemistry 366: 845-845.
231. Schiavo G, Benfenati F, Poulain B, Rossetto O, Polverino de Laureto P, Dasgupta BR, Montecucco C. 1992. Tetanus and botulinum-B neurotoxins block neurotransmitter release by a proteolytic cleavage of synaptobrevin. Nature 359: 832-835.
232. Schiavo G, Gu QM, Prestwich GD, Sollner TH, Rothman JE. 1996. Calcium-dependent switching of the specificity of phosphoinositide binding to synaptotagmin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 93: 13327-13332.
233. Schiavo G, Stenbeck G, Rothman JE, Sollner TH. 1997. Binding of the synaptic vesicle v-SNARE, synaptotagmin, to the plasma membrane t-SNARE, SNAP-25, can explain docked vesicles at neurotoxin-treated synapses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 94: 997-1001.
234. Schindler T, Bergfeld R, Hohl M, Schopfer P. 1994. Inhibition of golgi apparatus function by brefeldin A in maize coleoptiles and its consequences on auxin-mediated growth, cell-wall extensibility and secretion of cell wall proteins. Planta 192: 404-413.
235. Schweizer FE, Dresbach T, DeBello WM, O'Connor V, Augustine GJ, Betz H. 1998. Regulation of neurotransmitter release kinetics by NSF. Science 279: 1203-1206.
236. 2+-binding motif in C-2 domains of synaptotagmin and protein kinase C. Science 273: 248-251.
237. 2+-dependent electrostatic switch. Neuron 18: 133-142.
238. Sheng ZH, Rettig J, Takahashi M, Catterall WA. 1994. Identification of a syntaxin-binding site on N-type calcium channels. Neuron 13: 1303-1313.
239. Sheng ZH, Rettig L, Cook T, Catterall WA. 1996. Calcium-dependent interaction of N-type calcium channels with the synaptic core complex. Nature 379: 451-454.
240. 2+ channels with the C2B domain of synaptotagmin I. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 94: 5405-5410.
241. Shevell DE, Leu WM, Gillmor CS, Xia GX, Feldmann KA, Chua NH. 1994. Emb30 is essential for normal-cell division, cell expansion, and cell-adhesion in Arabidopsis and encodes a protein that has similarity to sec7. Cell 77: 1051-1062.
242. Smith CB, Betz WJ. 1996. Simultaneous independent measurement of endocytosis and exocytosis. Nature 380: 531-534.
243. Sogaard M, Tani K, Ye RR, Geromanos S, Tempst P, Kirchhausen T, Rothman JE, Sollner T. 1994. A rab protein is required for the assembly of SNARE complexes in the docking of transport vesicles. Cell 78: 937-948.
244. Sollner T, Whitehart SW, Brunner M, Erdjumentbromage H, Geromanos S, Tempst P, Rothman JE. 1993. SNAP receptors implicated in vesicle targeting and fusion. Nature 362: 318-324.
245. Spring J, Kato M, Bernfield M. 1993. Epimorphin is related to a new class of neuronal and yeast vesicle targeting proteins. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 18: 124-125.
246. Springer S, Schekman R. 1998. Nucleation of CopII vesicular coat complex by endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle SNAREs. Science 281: 698-700.
247. Staehelin LA, Moore I. 1995. The plant golgi-apparatus -structure, functional-organization and trafficking mechanisms. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 46: 261-288.
248. Stahl B, Chou JH, Li C, Sudhof TC, Jahn R. 1996. Rab3 reversibly recruits rabphilin to synaptic vesicles by a mechanism analogous to raf recruitment by ras. The EMBO Journal 15: 1799-1809.
249. Stanley EF, Mirotznik RR. 1997. Cleavage of syntaxin prevents G-protein regulation of presynaptic calcium channels. Nature 385: 340-343.
250. Steer MW, Steer JM. 1989. Pollen tube tip growth. New Phytologist 111: 323-358.
251. Steinmann T, Geldner N, Grebe M, Mangold S, Jackson CL, Paris S, Gälweiler L, Palme K, Jürgens G. 1999. Coordinated polar localization of auxin efflux carrier PIN1 by GNOM ARF GEF. Science 286: 316-318.
252. Stenius K, Janz R, Sudhof TC, Jahn R. 1995. Structure of synaptogyrin P-(29) defines novel synaptic vesicle protein. Journal of Cell Biology 131: 1801-1809.
253. Stewart A, Mansfield JW. 1984. Fungal development and plant-response in detached onion, onion bulb scales and leaves inoculated with botrytis-allii, botrytis-cinerea, botrytis-fabae and botrytis-squamosa. Plant Pathology 33: 401-409.
254. Stewart A, Mansfield JW. 1985. The composition of wall alterations and appositions (reaction material) and their role in the resistance of onion bulb scale epidermis to colonization by botrytis-allii. Plant Pathology 34: 25-37.
255. Subramaniam VN, Peter F, Philp R, Wong SH, Hong WJ. 1996. Gs28, a 28-kilodalton golgi SNARE that participates in ER-golgi transport. Science 272: 1161-1163.
256. Sudhof TC. 1997. Function of Rab3 GDP-GTP exchange. Neuron 18: 519-522.
257. Sudhof TC, Rizo J. 1996. Synaptotagmins - C2-domain proteins that regulate membrane traffic. Neuron 17: 379-388.
258. Sutton RB, Fasshauer D, Jahn R, Brunger AT. 1998. Crystal structure of a SNARE complex involved in synaptic exocytosis at 2.4 angstrom resolution. Nature 395: 347-353.
259. Taiz L, Murry M, Robinson DG. 1983. Identification of secretory vesicles in homogenates of pea stem segments. Planta 158: 534-539.
260. Takeuchi M, Tada M, Saito C, Yashiroda H, Nakano A. 1998. Isolation of a tobacco cDNA encoding Sar1 GTPase and analysis of its dominant mutations in vesicular traffic using a yeast: complementation system. Plant Cell Physiology 39: 590-599.
261. Tang BL, Low DYH, Hong WJ. 1998. Syntaxin 11: a member of the syntaxin family without a carboxyl terminal transmembrane domain. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 245: 627-632.
262. Terbush DR, Novick P. 1995. Sec6, sec8, and sec15 are components of a multisubunit complex which localizes to small bud tips in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Journal of Cell Biology 130: 299-312.
263. Terryn N, Van Montagu M, Inze D. 1993. GTP-binding proteins in plants. Plant Molecular Biology 22: 143-152.
264. Thiel G, Battey N. 1998. Exocytosis in plants. Plant Molecular Biology 38: 111-125.
265. Thiel G, Brudern A, Moroni A. 1997. Protein synthesis and Golgi-mediated vesicle traffic is not required to maintain a polarized membrane voltage in the presence of auxin. Protoplasma 197: 182-187.
266. Thiel G, Kreft M, Zorec R. 1998. Unitary exocytotic and endocytotic events in Zea mays L. coleoptile protoplasts. The Plant Journal 13: 117-120.
267. 2+-stimulated exocytosis. Planta 195: 305-308.
268. 2+ insensitive exocytosis in maize coleoptile protoplasts. European Journal of Physiology. (In press.)
269. + channels in stomatal movement. Trends in Plant Science 2: 339-345.
270. 2 accumulation in papillae and hypersensitive response during the barley-powdery mildew interaction. The Plant Journal 11: 1187-1194.
271. Uchimiya H, Anai T, Aspuria ET, Matsui M, Nakano A, Ueda T. 1998. The biological roles of small GTPases and interacting proteins in plants. Journal of Plant Research 111: 257-260.
272. Ueda T, Anai T, Tsukaya H, Hirata A, Uchimiya H. 1996b. Characterization and subcellular localization of a small GTP binding protein Ara-(4) from Arabidopsis: conditional expression under control of the promoter of the gene for heat-shock protein HSP81-1. Molecular & General Genetics 250: 533-539.
273. Ueda T, Matsuda N, Anai T, Tsukaya H, Uchimiya H, Nakano A. 1996a. An Arabidopsis gene isolated by a novel method for detecting genetic interaction in yeast encodes the GDP dissociation inhibitor of Ara4 GTPase. The Plant Cell 8: 2079-2091.
274. Ueda T, Yoshizumi T, Anai T, Matsui M, Uchimiya H, Nakano A. 1998. AtGD12, a novel Arabidopsis gene encoding a Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor. Gene 206: 137-143.
275. Ungermann C, Nichols BJ, Pelham HRB, Wickner W. 1998a. A vacuolar v-t-SNARE complex, the predominant form in viro and on isolated vacuoles, is disassembled and activated for docking and fusion. Journal of Cell Biology 140: 61-69.
276. Ungermann C, Sato K, Wickner W. 1998b. Defining the functions of trans-SNARE pairs. Nature 396: 543-548.
277. Ungermann C, Wickner W. 1998. Vam7p, a vacuolar SNAP-25 homolog, is required for SNARE complex integrity and vacuole docking and fusion. The EMBO Journal 17: 3269-3276.
278. VanDerWoude WJ, Morré DJ, Bracker CE. 1971. Isolation and characterization of secrtory vesicles in germinated pollen of Lilium logiflorum. Journal of Cell Science 8: 331-351.
279. Volchuk A, Wang QH, Ewart HS, Liu Z, He LJ, Bennett MK, Klip A. 1996. Syntaxin-4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes - regulation by insulin and participation in insulin-dependent glucose transport. Molecular Biology of the Cell 7: 1075-1082.
280. Walch-Solimena C, Blasi J, Edelmann L, Chapman ER, vonMollard GF, Jahn R. 1995. The t-SNAREs syntaxin-1 and snap-25 are present on organelles that participate in synaptic vesicle recycling. Journal of Cell Biology 128: 637-645.
281. Walker NA. 1955. Microelectrode experiments on Nitella. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 8: 476-489.
282. Wang Y, Okamoto M, Schmitz F, Hofmann K, Sudhof TC. 1997. Rim is a putative Rab3 effector in regulating synaptic-vesicle fusion. Nature 388: 593-598.
283. Weber T, Zemelman BV, Mcnew JA, Westermann B, Gmachl M, Parlati F, Sollner TH, Rothman JE. 1998. SNAREpins: minimal machinery for membrane fusion. Cell 92: 759-772.
284. Weimbs T, Low SH, Chapin SJ, Mostov KE, Bucher P, Hofmann K. 1997. A conserved domain is present in different families of vesicular fusion proteins: A new superfamily. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 94: 3046-3051.
285. Wessels JGH. 1986. Cell-wall synthesis in apical hyphal growth. International Review of Cytology 104:37-79.
286. Whiteheart SW, Rossnagel K, Buhrow SA, Brunner M, Jaenicke R, Rothman JE. 1994. N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein - a trimenc ATPase whose hydrolysis of ATP is required for membrane fusion. Journal of Cell Biology 126: 945-954.
287. Whittaker V, Michaelson IA, Kirkland RJA. 1964. The separation of synaptic vesicles from nerve-ending particles ('synaptosomes'). Biochemical Journal 90: 293-303.
288. Wilkinson S, Morris DA. 1994. Targeting of auxin carriers to the plasma-membrane - effects of monensin on transmembrane auxin transport in cucurbita-pepo 1 tissue. Planta 193: 194-202.
289. Willmer C, Fricker MD. 1996. Stomata. 2. London, UK: Chapman and Hall, 1-375.
290. Wilson DW, Wilcox CA, Flynn GC, Chen E, Kuang WJ, Henzel WJ, Block MR, Ullrich A, Rothman JE. 1989. A fusion protein required for vesicle-mediated transport in both mammalian cells and yeast. Nature 339: 355-359.
291. 2+ channels. The EMBO Journal 15: 4100-4110.
292. Wolfe J, Steponkus PL. 1981. The stress-strain relation of the plasma-membrane of isolated plant-protoplasts. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta 643: 663-668.
293. Wolfe J, Steponkus PL. 1983. Mechanical-properties of the plasma-membrane of isolated plant-protoplasts - mechanism of hyperosmotic and extracellular freezing-injury. Plant Physiology 71: 276-285.
294. Wooding S, Pelham HRB. 1998. The dynamics of Golgi protein traffic visualized in living yeast cells. Molecular Biology of the Cell 9: 2667-2680.
295. 2+ clearance in the cytosol of adrenal chromaffin cells. Biophysical Journal 73: 532-545.
296. Yamasaki S, Baumeister A, Blasi J, Link E, Cornille F, Roques B, Fykse EM, Sudhof TC, Jahn R, Niemann H, Binz T. 1994b. Cleavage of members of the synaptobrevin/ VAMP family by type-D and type-F botulinal neurotoxins and tetanus toxin. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269: 12764-12772.
297. Yamasaki S, Binz T, Hayashi T, Szabo E, Yamasaki N, Eklund M, Jahn R, Niemann H. 1994c. Botulinum neurotoxin type-G proteolyses the ala(81)-Ala(82) bond of rat synaptobrevin-2. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 200: 829-835.
298. Yamasaki S, Hu YG, Binz T, Kalkuhl A, Kurazono H, Tamura T, Jahn R, Kandel E, Niemann H. 1994a. Synaptobrevin vesicle-associated membrane-protein (VAMP) of Aplysia californica - structure and proteolysis by tetanus toxin and botulinal neurotoxins type-D and type-F. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 91: 4688-4692.
299. Yang YO, Shah J, Klessig DF. 1997. Signal perception and transduction in defense responses. Genes & Development 11: 1621-1639.
300. Yokoyama CT, Sheng ZH, Catterall WA. 1997. Phosphorylation of the synaptic protein interaction site on N-type calcium channels inhibits interactions with SNARE proteins. Journal of Neuroscience 17: 6929-6938.
301. Yoshida S, Ohya Y, Hirose R, Nakano A, Anraku Y. 1995. Stt10, a novel class D VPS yeast gene required for osmotic integrity related to the pkc1/stt1 protein kinase pathway. Gene 160: 117-122.
302. Zerial M, Huber LA. 1995. Small GTPases 1. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1-476.
303. Zhang RE, Maksymowych AB, Simpson LL. 1995. Cloning and sequence analysis of a cDNA encoding human syntaxin 1A, a polypeptide essential for exocytosis. Gene 159: 293-294.
304. Zorec R, Tester M. 1992. Cytoplasmic calcium stimulates exocytosis in a plant secretory cell. Biophysical Journal 63: 864-867.
305. Zorec R, Tester M. 1993. Rapid pressure-driven exocytosis endocytosis cycle in a single plant cell - capacitance measurements in aleurone protoplasts. FEBS Letters 333: 283-286.