The biochemistry of cancer dissemination

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Volumn 32, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 175-252

  Price, John T ^a   Bonovich, Maria T ^a   Kohn, Elise C ^a,b  

^a NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b Building 10 ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Adhesion; Angiogenesis; Invasion; Metastasis; Migration; Proteolysis

Indexed keywords

7 HYDROXYSTAUROSPORINE; ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITOR; BATIMASTAT; BRYOSTATIN; CADHERIN; CALCIUM; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CATHEPSIN; CELL ADHESION MOLECULE; COLLAGEN; FIBRONECTIN; FUMAGILLOL CHLOROACETYLCARBAMATE; GENISTEIN; HERBIMYCIN; HERMES ANTIGEN; INTEGRIN; INTERLEUKIN 12; LAMININ; LAMININ RECEPTOR; LAVENDUSTIN A; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE INHIBITOR; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR; PROTEIN KINASE C INHIBITOR; PROTEOGLYCAN; SALFINGOL; SCLEROPROTEIN; SELECTIN; SPHINGOSINE DERIVATIVE; THALIDOMIDE; TYRPHOSTIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UROKINASE;

ANGIOGENESIS; CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER INVASION; CELL ADHESION; CELL MIGRATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; HUMAN; INTRAPERITONEAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; METASTASIS; NONHUMAN; PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL; PHASE 2 CLINICAL TRIAL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TUMOR CELL;

EID: 0030806470     PISSN: 10409238     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/10409239709082573     Document Type: Review

References (644)

1. Agarwal, C., Hembree, J. R. et al. 1994. Transforming growth factor beta 1 regulation of metalloproteinase production in cultured human cervical epithelial cells. Cancer Res 54: 943-9.
2. Albini, A., Fontanini, G. et al. 1994. Angiogenic potential in vivo by Kaposi's sarcoma cell-free supernatants and HIV-1 tat product: inhibition of KS-like lesions by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2. AIDS, 8: 1237-44.
3. Alvarez, O. A., Carmichael, D. F., et al. (1990). Inhibition of collagenolytic activity and metastasis of tumor cells by a recombinant human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 82: 589-95.
4. Andreasen, P. A., Kristensen, P. et al. 1990. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator is increased in the involuting ventral prostate of castrated rats. Endocrinology, 126: 2567-76.
5. Apte, S. S., Olsen, B. R. et al. 1995. The gene structure of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-3 and its inhibitory activities define the distinct TIMP gene family. J. Biol. Chem., 270: 14313-8.
6. Ardinin, E., Tagliabue, E. et al. 1997. Co-regulation and physical association of the 67-kDa laminin receptor and the α6β4 integrin. J. Biol. Chem., 272: 2342-2345.
7. Aresu, O., Nicolo, G. et al. 1991. Invasive activity, spreading on and chemotactic response to laminin are properties of high but not low metastatic mouse osteosarcoma cells. Invasion Metastasis, 11: 2-13.
8. Arumugham, R. G., Hsieh, T. C. Y. et al. 1986. Structures of the asparagine-linked sugar chains of laminin. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 883: 112-126.
9. Aumailley, M., Nurcombe, V. et al. 1987. The cellular interactions of laminin fragments. Cell adhesion correlates with two fragment-specific high affinity binding sites. J. Biol. Chem., 262: 11532-8.
10. Ausprunk, D. H., Falterman, K. et al. 1978. The sequence of events in the regression of corneal capillaries. Lab. Invest., 38: 284-94.
11. Avalos, B. R., Kaufman, S. E. et al. 1988. K562 cells produce and respond to human erythroid-potentiating activity. Blood, 71: 1720-5.
12. Aznavoorian, S., Stracke, M. L. et al. 1990. Signal transduction for chemotaxis and haptotaxis by matrix macromolecules in tumor cells. J. Cell. Biol., 110: 1427-38.
13. Baker, M. S., Bleakley, P. et al. 1990. Inhibition of cancer cell urokinase plasminogen activator by its specific inhibitor PAI-2 and subsequent effects on extracellular matrix degradation. Cancer Res., 50: 4676-84.
14. Balian, G., Click, E. M. et al. 1980. Localization of the collagen-binding domain in fibronectin. J. Biol. Chem., 255: 3234-6.
15. Barsky, S. H., Siegal, G. P. et al. 1983. Loss of basement membrane components by invasive tumors but not their benign counterparts. Lab. Invest., 49: 140-147.
16. Basara, M. L., McCarthy, J. B. et al. 1985. Stimulation of haptotaxis and migration of tumor cells by serum spreading factor. Cancer Res., 45: 2487-94.
17. Basset, P., Bellocq, J. P. et al. 1990. A novel metalloproteinase gene specifically expressed in stromal cells of breast carcinomas. Nature, 348: 699-704.
18. Basset, P., Wolf, C. et al. 1993. Expression of the stromelysin-3 gene in fibroblastic cells of invasive carcinomas of the breast and other human tissues: a review. Breast Cancer Res. Treat., 24: 185-93.
19. Battaglia, C., Aumailley, M. et al. 1993. Structural basis of beta 1 integrin-mediated cell adhesion to a large heparan sulfate proteoglycan from basement membranes. Eur. J. Cell. Biol., 61: 92-9.
20. Beck, K., Hunter, I. et al. 1990. Structure and function of laminin: anatomy of a multidomain glycoprotein. FASEB J., 4: 148-160.
21. Behrens, J. 1993. The role of cell adhesion molecules in cancer invasion and metastasis. Breast Cancer Res. Treat., 24: 175-84.
22. Berlin, J., Tutsch, K. et al. 1997. Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of oral carboxyamidotriazole, a signal transduction inhibitor. J. Clin. Oncol., 15: 781-9.
23. Bertaux, B., Hornebeck, W. et al. 1991. Growth stimulation of human keratinocytes by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. J. Invest. Dermatol., 97: 679-85.
24. Bhargava, M. M., Li, Y. et al. 1993. HGF-SF: effects on motility and morphology of normal and tumor cells. EXS, 65: 341-9.
25. Bianco, P., Fisher, L. W. et al. 1990. Expression and localization of the two small proteoglycans biglycan and decorin in developing human skeletal and non-skeletal tissues. J. Histol. Cytochem., 38: 1549-63.
26. Billstrom, A., Hartley-Asp, B. et al. 1995. The urokinase inhibitor p-aminobenzamidine inhibits growth of a human prostate tumor in SCID mice. Int. J. Cancer., 61: 542-7.
27. Billstrom, A., Lecander, I. et al. 1995. Differential expression of uPA in an aggressive (DU 145) and a nonaggressive (1013L) human prostate cancer xenograft. Prostate, 26: 94-104.
28. Birch, M., Mitchell, S. et al. 1991. Isolation and characterization of human melanoma cell variants expressing high and low levels of CD44. Cancer Res., 51: 6660-7.
29. Birkedal-Hansen, H., Moore, W. G. et al. 1993. Matrix metalloproteinases: a review. Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med., 4: 197-250.
30. Biswas, C., Zhang, Y. et al. 1995. The human tumor cell-derived collagenase stimulatory factor (renamed EMMPRIN) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Cancer Res., 55: 434-9.
31. Blood, C. H. and Zetter, B. R. 1993. Laminin regulates a tumor cell chemotaxis receptor through the laminin-binding integrin subunit α6. Cancer Res., 53: 2661-6.
32. Blystone, S. D., Graham, I. L. et al. 1994. Integrin alpha v beta 3 differentially regulates adhesive and phagocytic functions of the fibronectin receptor alpha 5 beta 1. J. Cell. Biol., 127: 1129-37.
33. Boike, G., Lah, T. et al. 1992. A possible role for cysteine proteinase and its inhibitors in motility of malignant melanoma and other tumour cells. Melanoma Res., 1: 333-40.
34. Boller, K., Vestweber, D. et al. 1985. Cell-adhesion molecule uvomorulin is localized in the intermediate junctions of adult intestinal epithelial cells. J. Cell Biol., 100: 327-32.
35. Bork, P. 1992. The modular architecture of vertebrate collagens. FEBS Lett., 307: 49-54.
36. Bouchet, C., Spyratos, F. et al. 1994. Prognostic value of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitors PAI-1 and PAI-2 in breast carcinomas. Br. J. Cancer, 69: 398-405.
37. Bourdon, M. A., Krusius, T. et al. 1987. Identification and synthesis of a recognition signal for the attachment of glycosaminoglycans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 84: 3194-8.
38. Brandley, B. K. and Schnaar, R. L. 1989. Tumor cell haptotaxis on covalently immobilized linear and exponential gradients of a cell adhesion peptide. Dev. Biol., 135: 74-86.
39. Brauer, P. R., Keller, K. M. et al. 1990. Concurrent reduction in the sulfation of heparan sulfate and basement membrane assembly in a cell model system. Development, 110: 805-13.
40. Brem, S. S., Jensen, H. M. et al. 1978. Angiogenesis as a marker of preneoplastic lesions of the human breast. Cancer, 41: 239-44.
41. vβ3 for angiogenesis. Science, 264: 569-71.
42. Brooks, P. C., Stromblad, S. et al. 1996. Localization of matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2 to the surface of invasive cells by interaction with integrin alpha v beta 3. Cell, 85: 683-93.
43. Brown, J. C., Wiedemann, H. et al. 1994. Protein binding and cell adhesion properties of two laminin isoforms (AmB1eB2e, AmB1sB2e) from human placenta. J. Cel.l Sci., 107: 329-38.
44. Brown, J. C. and Timpl, R. 1995. The collagen superfamily. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 107: 484-90.
45. r 72,000 type IV collagenase and interstitial collagenase in human tumorigenic cell lines. Cancer Res., 50: 6184-91.
46. Brown, P. D. 1994. Preclinical and clinical studies on the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, batimastat (BB94). Clin. Exp. Metastasis, 12: 23.
47. Brunda, M. J., Luistro, L. et al. 1993. Antitumor and antimetastatic activity of interleukin 12 against murine tumors. J. Exp. Med., 178: 1223-30.
48. Brunda, M. J., Luistro, L. et al. 1996. Antitumor activity of interleukin 12 in preclinical models. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 38 (Suppl): S16-21.
49. Burridge, K., Fath, K. et al. 1988. Focal adhesions: transmembrane junctions between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. Ann. Rev. Cell. Biol., 4: 487-525.
50. FAK accompanies cell adhesion to extracellular matrix: a role in cytoskeletal assembly. J. Cell. Biol., 119: 893-903.
51. Butz, S. and Kemler, R. 1994. Distinct cadherin-catenin complexes in Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion. FEBS Lett., 355: 195-200.
52. Byers, S., Amaya, E., et al. 1992. Fibroblast growth factor receptors contain a conserved HAV region common to cadherins and influenza strain A hemagglutinins: a role in protein-protein interactions? Dev. Biol., 152: 411-4.
53. Byrne, J. A., Tomasetto, C. et al. 1995. The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 gene in breast carcinoma: identification of multiple polyadenylation sites and a stromal pattern of expression. Mol. Med., 1: 418-27.
54. Cajot, J. F., Bamat, J. et al. 1990. Plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1 is a potent natural inhibitor of extracellular matrix degradation by fibrosarcoma and colon carcinoma cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 87: 6939-43.
55. Calkins, C. C. and Sloane, B. F. 1995. Mammalian cysteine protease inhibitors: biochemical properties and possible roles in tumor progression. Biol. Chem. Hoppe Seyler, 376: 71-80.
56. Cambier, J. C. and Campbell, K. S. 1992. Membrane immunoglobulin and its accomplices: new lessons from an old receptor. FASEB J., 6: 3207-17.
57. Campo, E., Merino, M. J. et al. 1992. Evaluation of basement membrane components and the 72-kDa type IV collagenase in serous tumors of the ovary. Am. J. Surg. Pathol., 16: 500-7.
58. Campo, E., Munoz, J. et al. 1994. Cathepsin B expression in colorectal carcinomas correlates with tumor progression and shortened patient survival. Am. J. Pathol., 145: 301-9.
59. Canete-Soler, R., Litzky, L. et al. 1994. Localization of the 92-kDa gelatinase mRNA in squamous cell and adenocarcinomas of the lung using in situ hybridization. Am. J. Pathol., 144: 518-27.
60. Cao, J., Sato, H. et al. 1995. The C-terminal region of membrane type matrix metalloproteinase is a functional transmembrane domain required for pro-gelatinase A activation. J. Biol. Chem., 270: 801-5.
61. Cao, J., Rehemtulla, A. et al. 1996. Membrane type matrix metalloproteinase 1 activates progelatinase A without furin cleavage of the N-terminal domain. J. Biol. Chem., 271: 30174-80.
62. Cao, Y. and Pettersson, R. F. 1993. Release and subcellular localization of acidic fibroblast growth factor expressed to high levels in HeLa cells. Growth Factors, 8: 277-90.
63. Cao, Y., Richard, W. J. et al. 1996. Kringle domains of human angiostatin. J. Biol. Chem., 271: 29461-7.
64. Carmichael, D. F., Sommer, A. et al. 1986. Primary structure and cDNA cloning of human fibroblast collagenase inhibitor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 83: 2407-11.
65. Casslen, B., Gustavsson, B. et al. 1991. Cell membrane receptors for urokinase plasminogen are increased in malignant ovarian cancer. Eur. J. Cancer, 27: 1445-8.
66. Castagna, M. Y., Takai, Y. et al. 1982. Direct activation of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase by tumor-promoting phorbol esters. J. Biol. Chem., 257: 7847-51.
67. Castagnolo, P., Tavella, S. et al. 1992. Tissue-specific expression of type XIV collagen - a member of the FACIT class of collagens. Eur. J. Cell. Biol., 59: 340-7.
68. Castronovo, V., Colin, C., et al. 1990. Immunodetection of the metastasis-associated laminin receptor in human breast cancer cells obtained by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Am. J. Pathol., 137: 1373-81.
69. Castronovo, V., Tarabolette G., et al. 1991. Laminin receptor complementary-DNA deduced synthetic peptide inhibits cancer cell attach ment to endothelium. Cancer Res., 51: 5672-8.
70. Castronovo, V., Campo, E. et al. 1992. Inverse modulation of steady-state messenger RNA levels of two non-integrin laminin-binding proteins in human colon carcinoma. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 84: 1161-9.
71. Castronovo, V., Luyten, F. et al. 1992. Identification of a 14-kDa laminin-binding protein (HLBP14) in human melanoma cells that is identical to the 14-kDa galctoside binding lectin. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 297: 132-8.
72. Cerra, R. F. and Nathanson, S. D. 1989. Organ-specific chemotactic factors present in lung extracellular matrix. J. Surg. Res., 46: 422-6.
73. Chambers, A. F., Colella, R. et al. 1992. Increased expression of cathepsins L and B and decreased activity of their inhibitors in metastatic, ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells. Mol. Carcinogen., 5: 238-45.
74. Chambers, S. K., Gertz, R. E., Jr. et al. 1995. The significance of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, its inhibitors, and its receptor in ascites of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer, 75: 1627-33.
75. Chan, B. M., Matsuura, N. et al. 1991. In vitro and in vivo consequences of VLA-2 expression on rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Science, 251: 1600-2.
76. Chapron, Y., Cochet C. et al. 1989. Tyrosine protein kinase activity of the EGF receptor is required to induce activation of receptor-operated calcium channels. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 158: 527-33.
77. Chauhan, S. S., Goldstein, L. J. et al. 1991. Expression of cathepsin L in human tumors. Cancer Res., 51: 1478-81.
78. Chelberg, M. K., McCarthy, J. B. et al. 1990. Characterization of a synthetic peptide from type IV collagen that promotes melanoma cell adhesion, spreading, and motility. J. Cell. Biol., 111: 261-70.
79. Chen, P., Murphy-Ullrich, J. E. et al. 1996. A role for gelsolin in actuating epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated cell motility. J. Cell. Biol., 134: 689-98.
80. Chenard, M. P., O'Siorain, L. et al. 1996. High levels of stromelysin-3 correlate with poor prognosis in patients with breast carcinoma. Int. J. Cancer, 69: 448-51.
81. Christofori, G. 1996. The role of fibroblast growth factors in tumour progression and angiogenesis, in Tumour Angiogenesis, Bicknell, R., Lewis, C. E., and Ferrara, N., Eds. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
82. Chung, A. E. and Durkin, M. E. 1990. Entactin: structure and function. Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol., 3: 275-82.
83. Ciambrone, G. J. and McKeown-Longo, P. J. 1990. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type I stabilizes vitronectin-dependent adhesions in HT-1080 cells. J. Cell. Biol., 111: 2183-95.
84. Cioce, V., Castronovo, V. et al. 1991. Increased expression of the laminin receptor in human colon cancer. J. Natl. Cancer. Inst., 83: 29-36.
85. Circolo, A., Welgus, H. G. et al. 1991. Differential regulation of the expression of proteinases/ antiproteinases in fibroblasts. Effects of interleukin-1 and platelet-derived growth factor. J. Biol. Chem., 266: 12283-8.
86. Clair, T., Lee, H. Y. et al. 1997. Autotaxin is an exoenzyme possessing 5′-nucleotide phospho-diesterase/ATP pyrophosphatase and ATPase activities. J. Biol. Chem., 272: 996-1001.
87. Clapp, C., Martial, J. A. et al. 1993. The 16-kilodalton fragment of human prolactin is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. Endocrinology, 133: 1292-9.
88. Clark, E. A. and Brugge, J. S. 1995. Integrin and signal transduction pathways: the road taken. Science, 268: 233-9.
89. Clarke, M. R., Landreneau, R. J. et al. 1997. Extracellular matrix expression in metastasizing and nonmetastasizing adenocarcinomas of the lung. Hum. Pathol., 28: 54-9.
90. Cole, G. J. and Glaser, L. 1986. A heparin-binding domain from N-CAM is involved in neural cell-substratum adhesion. J. Cell. Biol., 102: 403-12.
91. Cole, K. A. and Kohn, E. C. 1994. Calcium-mediated signal transduction: biology, biochemistry, and therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev., 13: 33-41.
92. Collard, J. G., Habets, G. G. et al. 1996. Role of Tiam 1 in Rac-mediated signal transduction pathways. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 213: 253-65.
93. 2-macroglobulin receptor. J. Biol. Chem., 269: 17886-92.
94. Conese, M. and Blasi, F. 1995. The urokinase/ urokinase-receptor system and cancer invasion. Baillieres Clin. Haematol., 8: 365-89.
95. Corcoran, M. L. and Stetler-Stevenson, W. G. 1995. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 stimulates fibroblast proliferation via a cAMP-dependent mechanism. J. Biol. Chem., 270: 13453-9.
96. Corcoran, M. L., Hewitt, R. E., et al. (1996). MMP-2: expression, activation and inhibition. Enzyme Protein, 49: 7-19.
97. Couchman, J. R. and Woods, A. 1996. Syndecans, signaling, and cell adhesion. J. Cell. Biochem., 61: 578-84.
98. Coussens, L. M. and Werb, Z. 1996. Matrix metalloproteinases and the development of cancer. Chem. Biol., 3: 895-904.
99. Crowley, C. W., Cohen, R. L. et al. 1993. Prevention of metastasis by inhibition of the urokinase receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 90: 5021-5.
100. Culty, M., Nguyen, H. A. et al. 1992. The hyaluronan receptor (CD44) participates in the uptake and degradation of hyaluronan. J. Cell. Biol., 116: 1055-62.
101. D'Amato, R. J., Loughnan, M. S. et al. 1994. Thalidomide is an inhibitor of angiogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 91: 4082-5.
102. Dabbous, M. K., North, S. M. et al. 1995. Effects of mast cell-macrophage interactions on the production of collagenolytic enzymes by metastatic tumor cells and tumor-derived and stromal fibroblasts. Clin. Exp. Metastasis, 13: 33-41.
103. D'Errico, A., Garbisa, S. et al. 1991. Augmentation of type IV collagenase, laminin receptor, and Ki67 proliferation antigen associated with human colon, gastric, and breast carcinoma progression. Mod. Pathol., 4: 239-46.
104. Dameron, K. M., Volpert, O. V. et al. 1994. Control of angiogenesis in fibroblasts by p53 regulation of thrombospondin-1. Science, 265: 1582-4.
105. Danen, E. H., van Muijen, G. N. et al. 1993. Integrins and melanoma progression. Recent Results Cancer Res., 128: 119-32.
106. Danen, E. H., van Muijen, G. N. et al. 1993. Regulation of integrin-mediated adhesion to laminin and collagen in human melanocytes and in non-metastatic and highly metastatic human melanoma cells. Int. J. Cancer, 54: 315-21.
107. Danielson, K. G., Baribault, H. et al. 1997. Targeted disruption of decorin leads to abnormal collagen fibril morphology and skin fragility. J. Cell. Biol., 136: 729-43.
108. Daniloff, J. K., Moore, V. et al. 1994. Activity of neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) components: a review. Cytobios, 79: 97-106.
109. Dano, K., Andreasen, P. et al. 1985. Plasminogen activators, tissue degradation and cancer. Adv. Cancer Res., 44: 139-266.
110. Dano, K., Behrendt, N. et al. 1994. The urokinase receptor: Protein structure and role in plasminogen activation and cancer invasion. Fibrinolysis, 8: 189-203.
111. Dash, D., Aepfelbacher, M. et al. 1995. The association of pp125 fak, pp60 src, CDC42Hs and Rap1B with the cytoskeleton of aggregated platelets is a reversible process regulated by calcium. FEBS Lett., 363: 231-4.
112. Davies, B., Brown, P. D. et al. 1993. A synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor decreases tumor burden and prolongs survival of mice bearing human ovarian carcinoma xenografts. Cancer Res., 53: 2087-91.
113. DeClerck, Y. A. and Laug, W. E. 1996. Cooperation between matrix metalloproteinases and the plasminogen activator-plasmin system in tumor progression. Enzyme Protein, 49: 72-84.
114. Delwel, G. O., de Melker, A. A. et al. 1994. Distinct and overlapping ligand specificities of the alpha 3A beta 1 and alpha 6A beta 1 integrins: recognition of laminin isoforms. Mol. Biol. Cell., 5: 203-15.
115. Deutzmann, R., Huber, J. et al. 1988. Structural study of long arm fragments of laminin. Evidence for repetitive C-terminal sequences in the A-chain, not present in the B-chains. Eur. J. Biochem., 177: 35-45.
116. DeVries, C., Escobedo, J. A. et al. 1992. The fms-like tyrosine kinase, a receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor. Science, 255: 989-91.
117. Docherty, A. J., Lyons, A. et al. 1985. Sequence of human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases and its identity to erythroid-potentiating activity. Nature, 318: 66-9.
118. Donovan, F. M., Vaughan, P. J. et al. 1994. Regulation of protease nexin-1 target protease specificity by collagen type IV. J. Biol. Chem., 269: 17199-205.
119. Dublet, B. and van der Rest, M. 1991. Type XIV collagen, a new homotrimeric molecule extracted from fetal bovine skin and tendon, with a triple helical disulfide-bonded domain homologous to type IX and type XII collagens. J. Biol. Chem., 266: 6853-8.
120. Duffy, M. J., Reilly, D. et al. 1990. Urokinase-plasminogen activator, a new and independent prognostic marker in breast cancer. Cancer Res., 50: 6827-9.
121. Dumont, J., Jones, W. et al. 1992. Inhibition of experimental metastasis and cell adhesion of B16F1 melanoma cells by inhibitors of protein kinase C. Cancer Res., 52: 1195-200.
122. Dvorak, H. F. 1986. Tumors: wounds that do not heal. Similarities between tumor stroma generation and wound healing. N. Engl. J. Med., 315: 1650-9.
123. 2+-binding protein family. Genes Dev., 3: 1086-93.
124. Eccles, S. A., Box, G. M. et al. 1996. Control of lymphatic and hematogenous metastasis of a rat mammary carcinoma by the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat (BB-94). Cancer Res., 56: 2815-22.
125. Edlund, M., Blikstad, I. et al. 1996. Calmodulin binds to specific sequences in the cytoplasmic domain of C-CAM and down-regulates C-CAM self-association. J. Biol. Chem., 271: 1393-9.
126. Eeckhout, Y. and Vaes, G. 1977. Further studies on the activation of procollagenase, the latent precursor of bone collagenase. Effects of lysosomal cathepsin B, plasmin and kallikrein, and spontaneous activation. Biochem. J., 166: 21-31.
127. Eide, T. J., Jarvinen, M. et al. 1992. Immunolocalization of cystatin A in neoplastic, virus and inflammatory lesions of the uterine cervix. Acta Histochem., 93: 241-8.
128. Ellis, I. R. and Schor, S. L. 1996. Differential effects of TGF-beta 1 on hyaluronan synthesis by fetal and adult skin fibroblasts: implications for cell migration and wound healing. Exp. Cell. Res., 228: 326-33.
129. Ellis, V., Scully, M. F. et al. 1989. Plasminogen activation initiated by single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Potentiation by U937 monocytes. J. Biol. Chem., 264: 2185-8.
130. Ellis, V. and Dano, K. 1991. Plasminogen activation by receptor-bound urokinase. Semin. Thromb. Hemost., 17: 194-200.
131. Emmert-Buck, M. R., Emonard, H. P. et al. 1995. Cell surface binding of TIMP-2 and pro-MMP-2/TIMP-2 complex. FEBS Lett., 364: 28-32.
132. Engebraaten, O., Bjerkvig, R. et al. 1993. Effects of EGF, bFGF, NGF and PDGF(BB) on cell proliferative, migratory and invasive capacities of human brain-tumour biopsies in vitro. Int. J. Cancer, 53: 209-14.
133. Entwistle, J., Hall, C. L. et al. 1996. HA receptors: regulators of signalling to the cytoskeleton. J. Cell. Biochem., 61: 569-77.
134. Estreicher, A., Wohlwend, A. et al. 1989. Characterization of the cellular binding site for the urokinase-type plasminogen activator. J. Biol. Chem., 264: 1180-9.
135. Faassen, A. E., Schrager, J. A., et al. (1992). A cell surface chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, immunologically related to CD44, is involved in type I collagen-mediated melanoma cell motility and invasion. J. Cell. Biol., 116: 521-31.
136. Fariss, R. N., Apte, S. S. et al. 1997. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 is a component of Bruch's membrane of the eye. Am. J. Pathol., 150: 323-8.
137. Fazioli, F. and Blasi, F. 1994. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor: new targets for anti-metastatic therapy? Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 15: 25-9.
138. Felder, C. C., Ma, A. L. et al. 1991. The antiproliferative and antimetastatic compound L651582 inhibits muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-stimulated calcium influx and arachidonic acid release. J. Pharmacol Exp. Ther., 257: 967-71.
139. Felding-Habermann, B., Mueller, B. M. et al. 1992. Involvement of integrin alpha v gene expression in human melanoma tumorigenicity. J. Clin. Invest., 89: 2018-22.
140. Ferrara, N. and Henzel, W. J. 1989. Pituitary follicular cells secrete heparin-binding growth factor specific for vascular endothelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 161: 851-9.
141. Ferrara, N., Houck, K. et al. 1992. Molecular and biological properties of the vascular endothelial growth factor family of proteins. Endocr. Rev., 13: 18-32.
142. Fichard, A., Kleman, J. P. et al. 1995. Another look at collagen V and XI. Matrix Biol., 14: 515-531.
143. Fidler, I. J. and Hart, I. R. 1982. Biologic diversity in metastatic neoplasms - origins and implications. Science, 217: 998-1001.
144. Finger, E. B., Puri, K. D. et al. 1996. Adhesion through L-selectin requires a threshold hydrodynamic shear. Nature, 379: 266-9.
145. Foekens, J. A., Schmitt M., et al. 1994. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and prognosis in primary breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol., 12: 1648-58.
146. Folkman, J. 1971. Tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic implications. N. Engl. J. Med., 285: 1182-6.
147. Folkman, J., Hochberg, M. et al. 1974. Self-regulation of growth in three dimensions: the role of surface area limitations, in Control of Proliferation in Animal Cells, Clarkson, B. and Baserga, R., Eds. Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, 833.
148. Folkman, J. and Klagsbrun, M. 1987. Angiogenic factors. Science, 235: 442-7.
149. Folkman, J., Klagsbrun, M. et al. 1988. A heparin-binding angiogenic protein - basic fibroblast growth factor - is stored within basement membrane. Am. J. Pathol., 130: 393-400.
150. Folkman, J. 1992. The role of angiogenesis in tumor growth. Semin. Cancer Biol., 3: 65-71.
151. Folkman, J. and Shing, Y. 1992. Angiogenesis. J. Biol. Chem., 267: 10931-10934.
152. Folkman, J. 1995. Angiogenesis inhibitors generated by tumors. Mol. Med., 1: 120-2.
153. Folkman, J. 1996. Clinical applications of research on angiogenesis. N. Engl. J. Med., 333: 1757-1763.
154. Folkman, J. 1996. Fighting cancer by attacking its blood supply. Sci. Am., 150-154.
155. Ford, H. L., Salim, M. M. et al. 1995. Expression of Mts1, a metastasis-associated gene, increases motility but not invasion of a nonmetastatic mouse mammary adenocarcinoma cell line. Oncogene, 11: 2067-75.
156. Ford, H. L. and Zain, S. B. 1995. Interaction of metastasis associated Mts1 protein with nonmuscle myosin. Oncogene, 10: 1597-605.
157. Foucre, D., Bouchet, C. et al. 1991. Relationship between cathepsin D, urokinase, and plasminogen activator inhibitors in malignant vs. benign breast tumours. Br. J. Cancer, 64: 926-32.
158. Freije, J. M., Diez-Itza, I. et al. 1994. Molecular cloning and expression of collagenase-3, a novel human matrix metalloproteinase produced by breast carcinomas. J. Biol. Chem., 269: 16766-73.
159. Friedrichs, K., Ruiz, P. et al. 1995. High expression level of alpha 6 integrin in human breast carcinoma is correlated with reduced survival. Cancer Res., 55: 901-6.
160. Frisch, S. M. and Morisaki, J. H. 1990. Positive and negative transcriptional elements of the human type IV collagenase gene. Mol. Cell. Biol., 10: 6524-32.
161. Fry, D. W., Kraker, A. J. et al. 1994. A specific inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase. Science, 265: 1093-5.
162. Fujita, S., Suzuki, H. et al. 1992. Inhibition of cell attachment, invasion and metastasis of human carcinoma cells by anti-integrin beta 1 subunit antibody. Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 83: 1317-26.
163. Gajdusek, C. M., Luo, Z. et al. 1993. Basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor beta-1: Synergistic mediators of angiogenesis in vitro. J. Cell. Phys., 157: 133-44.
164. Gallin, W. J., Prediger, E. A. et al. 1985. Isolation of a cDNA clone for the liver cell adhesion molecule (L-CAM). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 82: 2809-13.
165. Galves, D. 1983. Correlation between circulating cancer cells and incidence of metastasis. Br. J. Cancer, 48: 665-73.
166. Ganesh, S., Sier, C. F. et al. 1994. Prognostic relevance of plasminogen activators and their inhibitors in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res., 54: 4065-71.
167. Gao, A. C., Lou, W. et al. 1997. CD44 is a metastasis suppressor gene for prostatic cancer located on human chromosome 11p13. Cancer Res., 57: 846-9.
168. Gao, A. G., Lindberg, F. P. et al. 1996. Thrombospondin modulates alpha v beta 3 function through integrin-associated protein. J. Cell. Biol., 135: 533-44.
169. Gao, A. G., Lindberg, F. P. et al. 1996. Integrin-associated protein is a receptor for the C-terminal domain of thrombospondin. J. Biol. Chem., 271: 21-4.
170. Garbisa, S., Pozzatti, R. et al. 1987. Secretion of type IV collagenolytic protease and metastatic phenotype: induction by transfection with c-Ha-ras but not c-Ha-ras plus AD2-E1A1. Cancer Res., 47: 1523-8.
171. Garcia, M., Platet, N. et al. 1996. Biological and clinical significance of cathepsin D in breast cancer metastasis. Stem Cells, 14: 642-50.
172. Gardner, M. J., Catterall, J. B. et al. 1996. Human ovarian tumour cells can bind hyaluronic acid via membrane CD44: a possible step in peritoneal metastasis. Clin. Exp. Metastasis, 14: 325-4.
173. Gehlsen, K. R., Davis, G. E. et al. 1992. Integrin expression in human melanoma cells with differing invasive and metastatic properties. Clin. Exp. Metastasis, 10: 111-20.
174. Gehlsen, K. R., Sriramarao, P. et al. 1992. A synthetic peptide derived from the carboxy terminus of the laminin A chain represents a binding site for the alpha 3 beta 1 integrin. J. Cell. Biol., 17: 449-59.
175. Giancotti, F. G. and Ruoshlati, E. 1990. Elevated levels of the α5β1 fibronectin receptor suppress the transformed phenotype of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cell, 60: 849-59.
176. Gibbs, J. B. 1991. Ras C-terminal processing enzymes- new drug targets? Cell, 65: 1-4.
177. Gilles, C., Polette, M. et al. 1996. High level of MT-MMP expression is associated with invasiveness of cervical cancer cells. Int. J. Cancer, 65: 209-13.
178. Gimbrone, M., Leapmans, S. et al. 1972. Tumor dormancy in vitro by prevention of neovascularization. J. Exp. Med., 136: 261-76.
179. Glanville, R. W. 1982. A comparison of models for the macromolecular structure of interstitial and basement membrane collagens. Arzneimittelforschung, 32: 1353-7.
180. Goebeler, M., Kaufmann, D. et al. 1996. Migration of highly aggressive melanoma cells on hyaluronic acid is associated with functional changes, increased turnover and shedding of CD44 receptors. J. Cell. Sci., 109: 1957-64.
181. Goldberg, G. I., Marmer, B. L. et al. 1989. Human 72-kilodalton type IV collagenase forms a complex with a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases designated TIMP-2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 86: 8207.
182. Good, D. J., Polverinin, P. J. et al. 1990. A tumor suppressor-dependent inhibitor of angiogenesis is immunologically and functionally indistinguishable from a fragment of thrombospondin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 87: 6624-8.
183. Goretzki, L., Schmitt, M. et al. 1992. Effective activation of the proenzyme form of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (pro-uPA) by the cysteine protease cathepsin L. FEBS Lett., 297: 112-8.
184. Gottesman, M. 1990. The role of proteases in cancer. Semin. Cancer Biol., 1: 97-100.
185. Gottlieb, A. I., Langille, B. L. et al. 1991. Biology of disease: structure and function of the endothelial cytoskeleton. Lab. Invest. 65: 123-37.
186. Graf, J., Ogle, R. C., et al. 1987. A pentapeptide from the laminin B1 chain mediates cell adhesion and binds the 67,000 kD laminin receptor. Biochemistry, 26: 6896-900.
187. Gray, S. T., Wilkins, R. J. et al. 1992. Interstitial collagenase gene expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Am. J. Pathol., 141: 301-6.
188. Gregoire, M. and Lieubeau, B. 1995. The role of fibroblasts in tumor behaviour. Cancer Metastasis Rev., 14: 339-50.
189. Grigorian, M. S., Tulchinsky, E. M. et al. 1993. The mts1 gene and control of tumor metastasis. Gene, 135: 229-38.
190. Grondahl-Hansen, J., Christensen, I. J. et al. 1993. High levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its inhibitor PAI-1 in cytosolic extracts of breast carcinomas are associated with poor prognosis. Cancer Res., 53: 2513-21.
191. Grumet, M., Mauro, V. et al. 1991. Structure of a new nervous system glycoprotein, Nr-CAM, and its relationship to subgroups of neural cell adhesion molecules. J. Cell. Biol., 113: 1399-412.
192. Guan, J. L., and Shalloway, D. (1992). Regulation of focal adhesion-associated protein tyrosine kinase by both cellular adhesion and oncogenic transformation. Nature, 358: 690-2.
193. Guirguis, R., Margulies, I. et al. 1987. Cytokine-induced pseudopodial protrusion is coupled to tumour cell migration. Nature, 329: 261-3.
194. Guirguis, R., Schiffmann, E., et al. (1988). Detection of autocrine motility factor in urine as a marker of bladder cancer. J. Natl. Cancer. Inst., 80: 1203-11.
195. Gunthert, U., Hofmann, M. et al. 1991. A new variant of glycoprotein CD44 confers metastatic potential to rat carcinoma cells. Cell, 65: 13-24.
196. Gunthert, U., Stauder, R. et al. 1995. Are CD44 variant isoforms involved in human tumor progression? Cancer Surv., 24: 19-42.
197. Guo, D., Jia, Q. et al. 1995. Vascular endothelial cell growth factor promotes tyrosine phosphorylation of mediators of signal transduction that contain SH2 domains. Association with endothelial cell proliferation. J. Biol. Chem., 270: 6729-33.
198. Guo, H., Zucker, S. et al. 1997. Stimulation of matrix metalloproteinase production by recombinant extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer from transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. J. Biol. Chem., 272: 24-7.
199. Gupta, S. K., Hassel, T. et al. 1995. A potent inhibitor of endothelial cell proliferation is generated by proteolytic cleavage of the chemokine platelet factor-4. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 92: 7799-803.
200. Gusovsky, F., Lueders, J. E. et al. 1993. Muscarinic receptor-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma. An alternative mechanism for cholinergic-induced phosphoinositide breakdown. J. Biol. Chem., 268: 7768-72.
201. Hall, C. L. and Turley, E. A. 1995. Hyaluronan: RHAMM mediated cell locomotion and signaling in tumorigenesis. J. Neurooncol., 26: 221-9.
202. Hall, C. L., Lange, L. A. et al. 1996. pp60(c-src) is required for cell locomotion regulated by the hyaluronanreceptor RHAMM. Oncogene, 13: 2213-24.
203. Hanahan, D. and Folkman, J. 1996. Patterns and emerging mechanisms of the angiogenic switch during tumorigenesis. Cell, 86: 353-64.
204. Hart, I. R., Birch, M. et al. 1991. Cell adhesion receptor expression during melanoma progression and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev., 10: 115-28.
205. Hartmann, G., Naldini, L. et al. 1992. A functional domain in the heavy chain of scatter factor/ hepatocyte growth factor binds the c-Met receptor and induces cell dissociation but not mitogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 89: 11574-8.
206. Hassell, J. R., Gehron Robey P., et al. 1980. Isolation of a heparan sulfate containing proteoglycan from basement membrane. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 77: 4494-8.
207. Hasui, Y., Marutsuka, K. et al. 1996. Prognostic value of urokinase-type plasminogen activator in patients with superficial bladder cancer. Urology, 47: 34-7.
208. Hata, A., Akita, Y. et al. 1993. Functional divergence of protein kinase C (PKC) family members. J. Biol. Chem., 268: 9122-9.
209. Hatta, K., Nose, A. et al. 1988. Cloning and expression of cDNA encoding a neural calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule: its identity in the cadherin gene family. J. Cell. Biol., 106: 873-81.
210. Hayakawa, T., Yamashita, K. et al. 1992. Growth-promoting activity of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) for a wide range of cells. A possible new growth factor in serum. FEBS Lett., 298: 29-32.
211. Hayakawa, T., Yamashita, K. et al. 1994. Cell growth-promoting activity of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2(TIMP-2). J. Cell. Sci., 107: 2373-9.
212. Hayashi, M. and Yamamda, K. M. 1982. Divalent cation modulation of fibronectin binding to heparin and DNA. J. Biol. Chem., 257: 5263-7.
213. Hayman, E. G., Oldberg, A. et al. 1982. Co-distribution of heparan sulfate proteoglycan, laminin and fibronectin in the extracellular matrix of normal rat kidney and their coordinate absence in transformed cells. J. Cell. Biol., 94: 28-35.
214. Haywood-Reid, P. L., Zipf, D. R. et al. 1997. Quantification of integrin subunits on human prostatic cell-lines - comparison of nontumorigenic and tumorigenic lines. Prostate, 1: 1-8.
215. Hedbom, E. and Heinegard, D. 1993. Binding of fibromodulin and decorin to separate sites on fibrillar collagens. J. Biol. Chem., 268: 27307-12.
216. Heiss, M. M., Allgayer, H. et al. 1995. Individual development and uPA-receptor expression of disseminated tumour cells in bone marrow: a reference to early systemic disease in solid cancer. Nature Med., 1: 1035-9.
217. Hendrix, M. J., Wood, W. R. et al. 1990. Retinoic acid inhibition of human melanoma cell invasion through a reconstituted basement membrane and its relation to decreases in the expression of proteolytic enzymes and motility factor receptor. Cancer Res., 50: 4121-30.
218. Herrenknecht, K., Ozawa, M. et al. 1991. The uvomorulin-anchorage protein alpha catenin is a vinculin homologue. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 88: 9156-60.
219. Herron, G. S., Banda, M. J. et al. 1986. Secretion of metalloproteinases by stimulated capillary endothelial cells. J. Biol. Chem., 261: 2814-8.
220. Hewitt, R. E., Powe, D. G. et al. 1991. Relationships between epithelial basement membrane staining patterns in primary colorectal carcinomas and the extent of tumour spread. Int. J. Cancer, 48: 855-60.
221. Higashiyama, M., Taki, T. et al. 1995. Reduced motility related protein-1 (MRP-1/CD9) gene expression as a factor of poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res., 55: 6040-4.
222. Hinck, L., Nathke, I. S. et al. 1994. Dynamics of cadherin/catenin complex formation: novel protein interactions and pathways of complex assembly. J. Cell. Biol., 125: 1327-40.
223. Hirano, S., Kimoto, N. et al. 1992. Identification of a neural alpha-catenin as a key regulator of cadherin function and multicellular organization. Cell, 70: 293-301.
224. Hirono, Y., Fushida, S. et al. 1996. Expression of autocrine motility factor receptor correlates with disease progression in human gastric cancer. Br. J. Cancer, 74: 2003-7.
225. Hoffman, A. G., Burghardt, R. C. et al. 1993. An in vitro model of ovarian epithelial carcinogenesis: changes in cell-cell communication and adhesion occurring during neoplastic progression. Int. J. Cancer, 54: 828-38.
226. Hollingsworth, H. C., Kohn, E. C. et al. 1995. Tumor angiogenesis in advanced stage ovarian carcinoma. Am. J. Pathol., 147: 9-19.
227. Holmgren, L., O'Reilly, M. S. et al. 1995. Dormancy of micrometastases: balanced proliferation and apoptosis in the presence of angiogenesis suppression. Nature Med., 1: 149-53.
228. Holting, T., Siperstein, A. E. et al. 1995. Epidermal growth factor (EGF)- and transforming growth factor alpha-stimulated invasion and growth of follicular thyroid cancer cells can be blocked by antagonism to the EGF receptor and tyrosine kinase in vitro. Eur. J. Endocrinol., 132: 229-35.
229. Horowitz, A., Duggan, K. et al. 1986. Interaction of plasma membrane fibronectin receptor with talin, a transmembrane linkage. Nature, 320: 531-3.
230. Hulmes, D. J., Wess, T. J. et al. 1995. Radial packing, order, and disorder in collagen fibrils. Biophys. J., 68: 1661-70.
231. Hutchins, D. and Steel, C. M. 1994. Regulation of ICAM-1 (CD54) expression in human breast cancer cell lines by interleukin 6 and fibroblast-derived factors. Int. J. Cancer, 58: 80-4.
232. Hynes, R. O. 1985. Molecular biology of fibronectin. Annu. Rev. Cell. Biol., 1: 67-90.
233. Hynes, R. O. 1992. Integrins: versatility, modulation, and signaling in cell adhesion. Cell, 69: 11-25.
234. Ichikawa, W. 1994. Positive relationship between expression of CD44 and hepatic metastases in colorectal cancer. Pathobiology, 62: 172-9.
235. Ikeyama, S., Koyama, M. et al. 1993. Suppression of cell motility and metastasis by transfection with human motility-related protein (MRP-1/ CD9) DNA. J. Exp. Med., 177: 1231-7.
236. Ingber, D. E. and Folkman, J. 1989. Mechanochemical switching between growth and differentiation during fibroblast growth factor-stimulated angiogenesis in vitro: role of extracellular matrix. J. Cell. Biol., 109: 317-30.
237. Ingber, D., Fujita, T. et al. 1990. Synthetic analogues of fumagillin that inhibit angiogenesis and suppress tumour growth. Nature, 348: 555-7.
238. Ishii, S., Ford, R. et al. 1993. CD44 participates in the adhesion of human colorectal carcinoma cells to laminin and type IV collagen. Surg. Oncol., 2: 255-64.
239. Ito, H., Yonemura, Y. et al. 1996. Prognostic relevance of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitors PAI-1 and PAI-2 in gastric cancer. Virchows Arch., 427: 487-96.
240. Jackson, D. G., Buckley, J. et al. 1992. Multiple variants of the human lymphocyte homing receptor CD44 generated by insertions at a single site in the extracellular domain. J. Biol. Chem., 267: 4732-9.
241. Jaffe, S. H., Friedlander, D. R. et al. 1990. Differential effects of the cytoplasmic domains of cell adhesion molecules on cell aggregation and sorting-out. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 87: 3589-93.
242. Jain, R. K. 1990. Vascular and interstitial barriers to delivery of therapeutic agents in tumors. Cancer Metastasis Rev., 9: 253-66.
243. Jalkanen, S. and Jalkanen, M. 1992. Lymphocyte CD44 binds the COOH-terminal heparin-binding domain of fibronectin. J. Cell. Biol., 116: 817-25.
244. Janicke, F., Schmitt, M. et al. 1991. Clinical relevance of the urokinase-type and tissue-type plasminogen activators and of their type 1 inhibitor in breast cancer. Semin. Thromb. Hemost., 17: 303-12.
245. Jarrard, D. F., Blitz, B. F. et al. 1994. Effect of epidermal growth factor on prostate cancer cell line PC3 growth and invasion. Prostate, 24: 46-53.
246. Jarvinen, M., Rinne, A. et al. 1987. Human cystatins in normal and diseased tissues - a review. Acta Histochem, 82: 5-18.
247. Jayson, G. C., Crowther, D. et al. 1995. A phase I trial of bryostatin 1 in patients with advanced malignancy using a 24 hour intravenous infusion. Br. J. Cancer, 72: 461-8.
248. Jenq, W., Cooper, D. R. et al. 1996. Integrin expression on cell adhesion function and up-regulation of P125FAK and paxillin in metastatic renal carcinoma cells. Connect. Tissue Res., 3: 161-74.
249. Jiang, W. G., Hallett, M. B. et al. 1993. Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor, liver regeneration and cancer metastasis. Br. J. Surg., 80: 1368-73.
250. Jiang, W. G., Puntis, M. C. et al. 1994. Molecular and cellular basis of cancer invasion and metastasis: implications for treatment. Br. J. Surg., 81: 1576-90.
251. Jiang, W. G. 1995. Membrane ruffling of cancer cells: a parameter of tumour cell motility and invasion. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol., 21: 307-9.
252. Jiang, W. G., Hiscox, S. et al. 1995. Regulation of motility and invasion of cancer cells by human monocytic cells. Anticancer Res., 15: 1303-10.
253. Jin, L., Fuchs, A. et al. 1996. Expression of scatter factor and c-met receptor in benign and malignant breast tissue. Cancer, 79: 749-60.
254. Joensuu, H., Klemi, P. J. et al. 1993. Glycoprotein CD44 expression and its association with survival in breast cancer. Am. J. Pathol., 143: 867-74.
255. Joensuu, H., Ristamaki, R. et al. 1993. Lymphocyte homing receptor (CD44) expression is associated with poor prognosis in gastrointestinal lymphoma. Br. J. Cancer, 68: 428-32.
256. Johansson, N., Westermarck, J. et al. 1997. Collagenase 3 (matrix metalloproteinase 13) gene expression by HaCaT keratinocytes is enhanced by tumor necrosis factor a and transforming growth factor β. Cell Growth Different., 8: 243-50.
257. Johnson, J. P., Stade, B. G. et al. 1989. De novo expression of intercellular-adhesion molecule 1 in melanoma correlates with increased risk of metastasis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 86: 641-4.
258. Johnson, M. D., Torri, J.A. et al. 1993. The role of cathepsin D in the invasiveness of human breast cancer cells. Cancer Res., 53: 873-7.
259. Johnson, M. D., Choi Kim, H. et al. 1994. Inhibition of angiogenesis by a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase. J. Cell. Phys., 160: 194-202.
260. Jones, J., Watt, F. M. et al. 1997. Changes in the expression of alpha v integrins in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J. Oral Pathol. Med., 2: 63-68.
261. Joseph, L. J., Chang, L. C. et al. 1988. Complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of human and murine preprocathepsin L. An abundant transcript induced by transformation of fibroblasts. J. Clin. Invest., 81: 1621-9.
262. Jou, T. S., Stewart, D. B. et al. 1995. Genetic and biochemical dissection of protein linkages in the cadherin-catenin complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 92: 5067-71.
263. Joukov, V., Pajusola, K. et al. 1996. A novel vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-C, is a ligand for the Flt4 (VEGFR-3) and KDR (VEGFR-2) receptor tyrosine kinases. EMBO J., 15: 290-8.
264. Kadler, K. 1994. Extracelluar matrix. I. Fibril-forming collagens. Protein Profile, 1: 519-638.
265. Kane, S. E. and Gottesman, M. M. 1990. The role of cathepsin L in malignant transformation. Semin. Cancer Biol., 1: 127-36.
266. Kanner, S. B., Grosmaire, L. S. et al. 1993. β2-integrin LFA-1 signaling through phospholipase C-γ1 activation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 90: 7099-103.
267. Kantor, J. D. and Zetter, B. R. 1996. Cell motility in breast cancer. Cancer Treat. Res., 83: 303-23.
268. Kataoka, H., DeCastro, R. et al. 1993. Tumor cell-derived collagenase-stimulatory factor increases expression of interstitial collagenase, stromelysin, and 72-kDa gelatinase. Cancer Res., 53: 3154-8.
269. Kawamata, H., Kawai, K. et al. 1995. Over-expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP1 and TIMP2) suppresses extravasation of pulmonary metastasis of a rat bladder carcinoma. Int. J. Cancer, 63: 680-7.
270. Kedderis, L. B., Bozigian, H. P. et al. 1995. Toxicity of the protein kinase C inhibitor safingol administered alone and in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 25: 201-17.
271. Keene, D. R., Sakai, L. Y. et al. 1987. Type VII collagen forms an extended network of anchoring fibrils. J. Cell. Biol., 104: 611-21.
272. Keene, D. R., Engvall, E. et al. 1988. Ultrastructure of type VI collagen in human skin and cartilage suggests an anchoring function for this filamantous network. J. Cell. Biol., 107: 1995-2006.
273. Keene, D. R., Lunstrum, G. P. et al. 1991. Two type XII-like collagens localize to the surface of banded collagen fibrils. J. Cell. Biol., 113: 971-8.
274. Keene, D. R., Oxford, J. T. et al. 1995. Ultrastructural localization of collagen types II, IX, and XI in the growth plate of human rib and fetal bovine epiphyseal cartilage: type XI collagen is restricted to thin fibrils. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 43: 967-79.
275. Khokha, R., Waterhouse, P. et al. 1989. Antisense RNA-induced reduction in murine TIMP levels confers oncogenicity on Swiss 3T3 cells. Science, 243: 947-50.
276. Khokha, R. (1994). Suppression of the tumorigenic and metastatic abilities of murine B16-F10 melanoma cells in vivo by the overexpression of the tissue inhibitor of the metalloproteinases-1. J. Natl. Cancer. Inst., 86: 299-304.
277. Kim, K. J., Li, B. et al. 1993. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis suppresses tumor growth in vivo. Nature, 362: 841-4.
278. Kinch, M. S., Clark, G. J. et al. 1995. Tyrosine phosphorylation regulates the adhesions of ras-transformed breast epithelia. J. Cell. Biol., 130: 461-71.
279. Kleinman, H. K., Klebe, R. J. et al. 1981. Role of collagenous matrices in the adhesion and growth of cells. J. Cell. Biol., 88: 473-85.
280. Klemke, R. L., Yebra, M. et al. 1994. Receptor tyrosine kinase signaling required for integrin alpha v beta 5-directed cell motility but not adhesion on vitronectin. J. Cell. Biol., 127: 859-66.
281. Knudsen, K. A., Soler, A. P. et al. 1995. Interaction of alpha-actinin with the cadherin/catenin cell-cell adhesion complex via alpha-catenin. J. Cell. Biol., 130: 67-77.
282. Kobayashi, H., Schmitt, M. et al. 1991. Cathepsin B efficiently activates the soluble and the tumor cell receptor-bound form of the proenzyme urokinase-type plasminogen activator (pro-uPA). J. Biol. Chem., 266: 5147-52.
283. Kobayashi, H., Ohi, H. et al. 1992. Inhibition of in vitro ovarian cancer cell invasion by modulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and cathepsin B. Cancer Res., 52: 3610-4.
284. Koch, A. E., Halloran, M. M. et al. 1996. Hepatocyte growth factor. A cytokine mediating endothelial migration in inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Rheum., 39: 1566-75.
285. Kohn, E. C., Francis, E. et al. 1990. Heterogeneity of the motility responses in malignant tumor cells: a biological basis for the diversity and homing of metastatic cells. Int. J. Cancer, 46: 287-92.
286. Kohn, E. C. and Liotta, L. A. 1990. L651582, a novel antiproliferative and antimetastasis agent. J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 82: 54-60.
287. Kohn, E. C., Sandeen, M. A. et al. 1992. In vivo efficacy of a novel inhibitor of selected signal transduction pathways including calcium, arachidonate, and inositol phosphates. Cancer Res., 52: 3208-12.
288. Kohn, E. C., Felder, C. C. et al. 1994. Structure-function analysis of signal and growth inhibition by carboxyamido-triazole, CAI. Cancer Res., 54: 935-42.
289. Kohn, E. C., Jacobs, W. et al. 1994. Calcium influx modulates expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (72-kDa type IV collagenase, gelatinase A). J. Biol. Chem., 269: 21505-11.
290. Kohn, E. C. and Liotta, L. A. 1995. Molecular insights into cancer invasion: strategies for prevention and intervention. Cancer Res., 55: 1856-62.
291. Kohn, E. C., Alessandro, R. et al. 1995. Angiogenesis: role of calcium-mediated signal transduction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 92: 1307-11.
292. Kohn, E. C., Reed, E. et al. 1996. Clinical investigation of a cytostatic calcium influx inhibitor in patients with refractory cancers. Cancer Res., 56: 569-73.
293. Kohn, E. C., Figg, W. D. et al. 1997. Phase I trial of micronized formulation CAI: pharmacokinetics, clinical outcome, and comparison of formulations. J. Clin. Oncol., 15: 1985-1993.
294. Koop, S., MacDonald, I. C. et al. 1995. Fate of melanoma cells entering the microcirculation: over 80% survive and extravasate. Cancer Res., 55: 2520-3.
295. Korinek, V., Barker, N. et al. 1997. Constitutive transcriptional activation by a β-catenin-TCF complex in APC +/- colon carcinoma. Science, 275: 1784-7.
296. 2+ influx by extracellular ATP in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. Horm. Metab. Res., 27: 272-4.
297. Kramer, R. H., Vu, M. P. et al. 1991. Laminin-binding integrin alpha 7 beta 1: functional characterization and expression in normal and malignant melanocytes. Cell Regul., 2: 805-17.
298. Kresse, H., Hausser, H. et al. 1994. Small proteoglycans. EXS, 70: 73-100.
299. Kristensen, G. B., Holm, R. et al. 1996. Evaluation of the prognostic significance of cathepsin D, epidermal growth factor receptor, and c-erbB-2 in early cervical squamous cell carcinoma. An immunohistochemical study. Cancer, 78: 433-40.
300. Kristensen, P., Pyke, C. et al. 1990. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-type 1 in Lewis lung carcinoma. Histochemistry, 93: 559-66.
301. Kruithof, E. K., Baker, M. S. et al. 1995. Biological and clinical aspects of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2. Blood, 86: 4007-24.
302. Kuhn, W., Pache, L. et al. 1994. Urokinase (uPA) and PAI-1 predict survival in advanced ovarian cancer patients (FIGO III) after radical surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. Gynecol. Oncol., 55: 401-9.
303. Kuo, H. J., Keene, D. R. et al. 1995. The macromolecular structure of type-VI collagen. Formation and stability of filaments. Eur. J. Biochem., 232: 364-72.
304. Kusaka, M., Sudo, K. et al. 1994. Cytostatic inhibition of endothelial cell growth by the angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 (AGM-1470). Br. J. Cancer, 69: 212-6.
305. Lah, T. T., Kokalj-Kunovar, M., et al. (1992). Cystatins and cathepsins in breast carcinoma. Biol. Chem. Hoppe Seyler, 373: 595-604.
306. Lah, T. T., Kokalj-Kunovar, M. et al. 1992. Stefins and lysosomal cathepsins B, L and D in human breast carcinoma. Int. J. Cancer, 50: 36-44.
307. Lamszus, K., Joseph, A. et al. 1996. Scatter factor binds to thrombospondin and other extracellular matrix components. Am. J. Pathol., 149: 805-19.
308. Laurie, G. W., Inoue, S. et al. 1988. Visualization of the large heparan sulfate proteoglycan from basement membrane. Am. J. Anat., 181: 320-6.
309. Lawler, J., McHenry, K. et al. 1995. Characterization of human thrombospondin-4. J. Biol. Chem., 270: 2809-14.
310. Leavesley, D. I., Ferguson, G. D. et al. 1992. Requirement of the integrin beta 3 subunit for carcinoma cell spreading or migration on vitronectin and fibrinogen. J. Cell. Biol., 117: 1101-7.
311. Leco, K. J., Apte, S. S. et al. 1997. Murine tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-4 (Timp-4): cDNA isolation and expression in adult mouse tissues. FEBS Lett., 401: 213-7.
312. Leco, K. J., Khokha, R. et al. 1994. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) is an extracellular matrix-associated protein with a distinctive pattern of expression in mouse cells and tissues. J. Biol. Chem., 269: 9352-60.
313. Lenz, W. 1962. Thalidomide and congenital abnormalities. Lancet, 1: 45-6.
314. Lesley, J., Hyman, R. et al. 1993. CD44 and its interaction with extracellular matrix. Adv. Immunol., 54: 271-335.
315. Lester, B. R. and McCarthy, J. B. 1992. Tumor cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix and signal transduction mechanisms implicated in tumor cell motility, invasion and metastasis. Cancer Metast. Rev., 11: 31-44.
316. Levine, M. D., Liotta, L. A. et al. 1995. Stimulation and regulation of tumor cell motility in invasion and metastasis. EXS, 74: 157-79.
317. Levitzki, A. and Gilon, C. 1991. Tyrphostins as molecular tools and potential antiproliferative drugs. Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 12: 171-4.
318. r 72,000 type IV collagenase in human colonic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res., 51: 439-44.
319. Liaudet, E., Derocq, D. et al. 1995. Transfected cathepsin D stimulates high density cancer cell growth by inactivating secreted growth inhibitors. Cell Growth Differ., 6: 1045-52.
320. Lin, S. H., Luo, W. et al. 1995. Structure and function of C-CAM1: effects of the cytoplasmic domain on cell aggregation. Biochem. J., 311: 239-45.
321. Lindberg, F. P., Gresham, H. D. et al. 1993. Molecular cloning of integrin-associated protein: an immunoglobulin family member with multiple membrane-spanning domains implicated in alpha v beta 3-dependent ligand binding. J. Cell. Biol., 123: 485-96.
322. Lindberg, F. P., Lublin, D. M. et al. 1994. Rh-related antigen CD47 is the signal-transducer integrin-associated protein. J. Biol. Chem., 269: 1567-70.
323. Lindberg, F. P., Gresham, H. D. et al. 1996. Integrin-associated protein immunoglobulin domain is necessary for efficient vitronectin bead binding. J. Cell. Biol., 134: 1313-22.
324. Liotta, L. A., Kleinerman, J. et al. 1974. Quantitative relationships of intravascular tumor cells: tumor vessels and pulmonary metastases following tumor implantation. Cancer Res., 34: 997-1003.
325. Liotta, L. A., Saidel, M. G. et al. 1976. The significance of hematogenous tumor cell clumps in the metastatic process. Cancer Res., 36: 889-94.
326. Liotta, L. A. 1979. Preferential digestion of basement membrane collagen by an enzyme derived from a metastatic murine tumor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 76: 2268-72.
327. Liotta, L. A., Tryggvason, K. et al. 1980. Metastatic potential correlates with enzymatic degradation of basement membrane collagen. Nature, 284: 67-8.
328. Liotta, L. A., Tryggvason, K. et al. 1981. Partial purification and characterization of a neutral proteinase which cleaves type IV collagen. Biochemistry, 20: 100-4.
329. Liotta, L. A., Mandler, R. et al. 1986. Tumor cell autocrine motility factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 83: 3302-9.
330. Liotta, L. A. and Stetler-Stevenson, W. G. 1990. Metalloproteinases and cancer invasion. Semin. Cancer Biol., 1: 99-106.
331. Liotta, L. A., Steeg, P. S. et al. 1991. Cancer metastasis and angiogenesis: an imbalance of positive and negative regulation. Cell, 64: 327-31.
332. Liotta, L. A., Murata, J. et al. 1994. cDNA cloning of the autocrine motility factor, autotaxin (ATX). Clin. Exp. Metastasis, 12: 3-4.
333. Liu, B., Renaud, C. et al. 1992. Protein kinase C inhibitor calphostin C reduces B16 amelanotic melanoma cell adhesion to endothelium and lung colonization. Int. J. Cancer, 52: 147-52.
334. Losch, A., Kohlberger, P. et al. 1996. Lysosomal protease cathepsin D is a prognostic marker in endometrial cancer. Br. J. Cancer, 73: 1525-8.
335. Lund, L. R., Romer, J. et al. 1991. Urokinase-receptor biosynthesis, mRNA level and gene transcription are increased by transforming growth factor beta 1 in human A549 lung carcinoma cells. EMBO J., 10: 3399-407.
336. Lund, L. R., Ellis, V. et al. 1995. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the receptor for urokinase-type plasminogen activator by cytokines and tumour promoters in the human lung carcinoma cell line A549. Biochem. J., 310: 345-52.
337. Luster, A. D., Unkeless, J. C. et al. 1985. Gamma-interferon transcriptionally regulates an early-response gene containing homology to platelet proteins. Nature, 315: 672-6.
338. MacDonald, N. J. and Steeg, P. S. 1993. Molecular basis of tumor metastasis. Cancer Surv., 16: 175-99.
339. r 32,000 laminin binding protein messenger RNA in human colon carcinoma correlates with disease prognosis. Cancer Res., 50: 3888-91.
340. Maher, P. A., Pasquale, E. B. et al. 1985. Phosphotyrosine-containing proteins are concentrated in focal adhesions and intracellular junctions in normal cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 82: 6576-80.
341. Maione, T. E., Gray, G. S. et al. 1990. Inhibition of angiogenesis by recombinant human platelet factor-4 and related peptides. Science, 247: 77-9.
342. Majewski, S., Marczak, M. et al. 1996. Interleukin-12 inhibits angiogenesis induced by human tumor cell lines in vivo. J. Invest. Dermatol., 106: 1114-8.
343. Malinoff, H. L. and Wicha, M. S. 1983. Isolation of a cell surface receptor protein for laminin from murine fibrosarcoma cells. J. Cell. Biol., 96: 1475-9.
344. Mandrioto, S. J., Seghezzi, G. et al. 1995. Vascular endothelial growth factor increases urokinase receptor expression in vascular endothelial cells. J. Biol. Chem., 270: 9709-16.
345. Mann, K., Deutzmann, R. et al. 1989. Amino acid sequence of mouse nidogen, a multidomain basement membrane protein with binding activity for laminin, collagen IV and cells. EMBO J., 8: 65-72.
346. Mann, K., Korsching, J. R. et al. 1990. The primary structure of a triple-helical domain of collagen type VIII from bovine Descemet's membrane. FEBS Lett., 273: 168-72.
347. Maragaki, Y., Shiota, C. et al. 1992. alpha 1(VIII)-collagen gene transcripts encode a short-chain collagen polypeptide and are expressed by various epithelial, endothelial and mesenchymal cells in newborn mouse tissues. Eur. J. Biochem., 207: 895-902.
348. Margolis, R. K., Rauch, U. et al. 1996. Neurocan and phosphacan: two major nervous tissue-specific chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Perspect. Dev. Neurobiol., 3: 273-90.
349. Maria, B. L., Rehder, K. et al. 1993. Brainstem glioma: I. Pathology, clinical features, and therapy. J. Child. Neurol, 8: 112-28.
350. Marrs, J. A. and Nelson, W. J. 1996. Cadherin cell adhesion molecules in differentiation and embryogenesis. Int. Rev. Cytol., 165: 159-205.
351. Martignone, S., Menard, S. et al. 1993. Prognostic significance of the 67-kilodalton laminin receptor expression in human breast carcinomas. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 85: 398-402.
352. Martin, D.C., Ruther, U. et al. 1996. Inhibition of SV40T antigen-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in TIMP-1 transgenic mice. Oncogene, 13: 569-76.
353. Marutsuka, K., Hasui, Y. et al. 1995. Effects of suramin on metastatic ability, proliferation, and production of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 in human renal cell carcinoma cell line SN12C-PM6. Clin. Exp. Metastasis, 13: 116-22.
354. Maruyama, K., Watanabe, H. et al. 1995. Expression of autocrine motility factor receptor in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int. J. Cancer, 64: 316-21.
355. Matrisian, L. M. and Bowden, T. 1990. Stromelysin/transin and tumor progression. Semin. Cancer Biol., 1: 107-15.
356. Matrisian, L. 1992. The matrix-degrading metallo-proteinases. Bioessay, 14: 455-62.
357. Mauviel, A. 1993. Cytokine regulation of metalloproteinase gene expression. J. Cell. Biochem., 53: 288-95.
358. Mayne, R. 1993. New members of the collagen superfamily. Curr. Biol., 5: 883-90.
359. McBride, W. G. 1961. Thalidomide and congenital abnormalities. Lancet, ii: 1358.
360. McCarthy, J. B., Hagen, S. T. et al. 1986. Human fibronectin contains distinct adhesion- and motility-promoting domains for metastatic melanoma cells. J. Cell. Biol., 102: 179-88.
361. McDonnell, S., Navre, M. et al. 1991. Expression and localization of the matrix metalloproteinase pump-1 (MMP-7) in human gastric and colon carcinomas. Mol. Carcinogen., 4: 527-33.
362. McGary, C. T., Pan, Y.C. et al. 1997. Elevated expression of the neutrophil calcium-binding protein, MRP-14, in metastasis-enhancing neutrophils. Anticancer Res., 17: 1-6.
363. Merzak, A., Koocheckpour, S. et al. 1994. CD44 mediates human glioma cell adhesion and invasion in vitro. Cancer Res., 54: 3988-92.
364. Miao, H.-Q., Rivka, I.-M. et al. 1996. Sulfate moieties in the subendothelial extracellular matrix are involved in basic fibroblast growth factor sequestration, dimerization and stimulation of cell proliferation. J. Biol. Chem., 271: 4879-86.
365. Minniti, C. P., Kohn, E. C. et al. 1992. The insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II)/mannose 6-phospate receptor mediates IGF-II-induced motility in human rhabdomyosarcoma cells. J. Biol. Chem., 267: 9000-4.
366. Miyake, M., Koyama, M. et al. 1991. Identification of the motility-related protein (MRP-1), recognized by monoclonal antibody M31-15, which inhibits cell motility. J. Exp. Med., 174: 1347-54.
367. Miyake, M., Nakano, K. et al. 1995. Motility-related protein 1 (MRP-1/CD9) expression: inverse correlation with metastases in breast cancer. Cancer Res., 55: 4127-31.
368. Miyake, M., Nakano, K. et al. 1996. Motility-related protein-1 (MRP-1/CD9) reduction as a factor of poor prognosis in breast cancer. Cancer Res., 56: 1244-9.
369. Miyazawa, K., Shimomura, T. et al. 1993. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA for a human serine protease reponsible for activation of hepatocyte growth factor. Structural similarity of the protease precursor to blood coagulation factor XII. J. Biol. Chem., 268: 10024-8.
370. Mohanam, S., Sawaya, R. E. et al. 1994. Proteolysis and invasiveness of brain tumors: role of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor. J. Neurooncol., 22: 153-60.
371. Mohri, H. 1996. Fibronectin and integrin interactions. J. Invest. Med., 44: 429-41.
372. Moller, L. B., Pollanen, J. et al. 1993. N-linked glycosylation of the ligand-binding domain of the human urokinase receptor contributes to the affinity for its ligand. J. Biol. Chem., 268: 11152-9.
373. Montesano, R., Pepper, M. S., et al. 1990. Increased proteolytic activity is responsible for the aberrant morphogenetic behavior of endothelial cells expressing the middle T oncogene. Cell, 62: 435-45.
374. Montgomery, A. M. P., Reisfield, R. A. et al. 1994. Integrin alpha v-beta 3 rescues melanoma cells from apoptosis in three-dimensional dermal collagen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 91: 8856-60.
375. Morin, P. J., Sparks, A. B., et al. (1997). Activation of beta-catenin-TCF signaling in colon cancer by mutations in beta-catenin or APC. Science, 275: 1787-90.
376. Morino, N., Mimura, T. et al. 1995. Matrix/integrin interaction activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase, p44erk-1 and p42erk-2. J. Biol. Chem., 270: 269-73.
377. Moriyama, T., Kataoka, H. et al. 1996. Effects of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on human glioma cells in vitro: HGF acts as a motility factor in glioma cells. Int. J. Cancer, 66: 678-85.
378. Moser, T. L., Young, T. N. et al. 1994. Secretion of extracellular matrix-degrading proteinases is increased in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Int. J. Cancer, 56: 552-9.
379. Mosher, D. F., Schad, P. E. et al. 1980. Cross-linking of collagen and fibronectin by factor XIIIa: localization of participating glutaminyl residues to a tryptic fragment of fibronectin. J. Biol. Chem., 255: 1181-8.
380. Muller, D., Breathnach, R. et al. 1991. Expression of collagenase-related metalloproteinase genes in human lung or head and neck tumours. Int. J. Cancer, 48: 550-6.
381. Muller, D., Wolf, C. et al. 1993. Increased stromelysin 3 gene expression is associated with increased local invasiveness in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Cancer Res., 53: 165-9.
382. Muller-Glauser, W., Humbel, B. et al. 1986. On the role of type IX collagen in the extracellular matrix of cartilage: type IX collagen is localized to intersections of collagen fibrils. J. Cell. Biol., 102: 1931-9.
383. Murata, J., Lee, H. Y. et al. 1994. cDNA cloning of the human tumor motility-stimulating protein, autotaxin, reveals a homology with phosphodiesterases. J. Biol. Chem., 269: 30479-84.
384. Murdoch, A. D., Dodge, G. R. et al. 1992. Primary structure of the human heparan sulfate proteoglycan from basement membrane (HSPG2/perlecan). A chimeric molecule with multiple domains homologous to the low density lipoprotein receptor, laminin, neural cell adhesion molecules, and epidermal growth factor. J. Biol. Chem., 267: 8544-57.
385. Murphy, A. N., Unsworth, E. J., et al. (1993). Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 inhibits bFGF-induced human microvascular endothelial cell proliferation. J. Cell Physiol., 157: 351-8.
386. Murphy, G., Cawston, T. et al. 1981. An inhibitor of collagenase from human amniotic fluid: purification, characterization, and action on metalloproteinases. Biochem. J., 195: 167-70.
387. Murphy, G., Segain, J. P. et al. 1993. The 28-kDa N-terminal domain of mouse stromelysin-3 has the general properties of a weak metalloproteinase. J. Biol. Chem., 268: 15435-41.
388. Murray, B. A., Hemperly, J. J. et al. 1984, Isolation of cDNA clones for the chicken neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 81: 5584-8.
389. Murray, G. I., Duncan, M. E., et al. (1996). Matrix metalloproteinase-1 is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Nat. Med., 2: 461-2.
390. Nabi, I. R., Watanabe, H. et al. 1990. Identification of B16-F1 melanoma autocrine motility-like factor receptor. Cancer Res., 50: 409-14.
391. Nagafuchi, A. and Takeichi, M. 1988. Cell binding function of E-cadherin is regulated by the cytoplasmic domain. EMBO J., 7: 3679-84.
392. Nagayama, M., Sato, A. et al. 1994. Plasminogen activators and their inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer. Low content of type 2 plasminogen activator inhibitor associated with tumor dissemination. Cancer, 73: 1398-405.
393. Nakahara, H., Nomizu M. et al. 1996. A mechanism for regulation of melanoma invasion. Ligation of alpha6 beta1 integrin by laminin G peptides. J. Biol. Chem., 271: 27221-4.
394. Nakajima, M., Morikawa, K. et al. 1991. Influence of organ environment on extracellular matrix degradative activity and metastasis of human colon carcinoma cells. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 82: 1890-8.
395. Nakamori, S., Watanabe, H. et al. 1994. Expression of autocrine motility factor receptor in colorectal cancer as a predictor for disease recurrence. Cancer, 74: 1855-62.
396. Nakamura, M., Konno, H. et al. 1992. Possible role of plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 in the prevention of the metastasis of gastric cancer tissues. Thromb. Res., 65: 709-19.
397. Naldini, L., Tamagnone, L. et al. 1992. Extracellular proteolytic cleavage by urokinase is required for activation of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor. EMBO J., 11: 4825-33.
398. Naramura, M., Gillies, S. D., et al. (1993). Therapeutic potential of chimeric and murine anti-(epidermal growth factor receptor) antibodies in a metastasis model for human melanoma. Cancer Immunol. Immunother., 37: 343-9.
399. Nastala, C. L., Edington, H. D. et al. 1994. Recombinant IL-12 administration induces tumor regression in association with IFN-gamma production. J. Immunol., 153: 1697-706.
400. Nemeth, J. A., Rafe, A. et al. 1996. TIMP-2 growth-stimulatory activity: a concentration- and cell type-specific response in the presence of insulin. Exp. Cell. Res., 224: 110-5.
401. Newell, K. J., Witty, J. P. et al. 1994. Expression and localization of matrix-degrading metalloproteinases during colorectal tumorigenesis. Mol. Carcinogen., 10: 199-206.
402. Nicolson, G. L. 1991. Gene expression, cellular diversification and tumor progression to the metastatic phenotype. Bioessays, 13: 337-42.
403. r receptor protein for urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Identification in human tumor cell lines and partial purification. J. Biol. Chem., 263: 2358-63.
404. Noonan, D. M., Fulle, A. et al. 1991. The complete sequence of perlecan, a basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, reveals extensive similarity with laminin A chain, LDL receptor and N-CAM. J. Biol. Chem., 266: 22939-47.
405. Nusrat, A., Parkos, C. A. et al. 1994. Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor effects on epithelia. Regulation of intercellular junctions in transformed and nontransformed cell lines, basolateral polarization of c-met receptor in transformed and natural intestinal epithelia, and induction of rapid wound repair in a transformed model epithelium. J. Clin. Invest., 93: 2056-65.
406. Nussbaumer, P., Winiski, A. P., et al. (1994). Novel antiproliferative agents derived from lavendustin A. J. Med. Chem., 37: 4079-84.
407. O'Reilly, M. S., Holmgren, L. et al. 1994. Angiostatin: a novel angiogenesis inhibitor that mediates the suppression of metastases by a Lewis lung carcinoma. Cell, 79: 315-28.
408. O'Reilly, M. S., Boehm, T. et al. 1997. Endostatin: an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. Cell, 88: 277-85.
409. Obrink, B. 1991. C-CAM (cell-CAM 105) - a member of the growing immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion proteins. Bioessays, 13: 227-34.
410. Odekon, L. E., Sato, Y. et al. 1992. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator mediates basic fibroblast growth factor-induced bovine endothelial cell migration independent of its proteolytic activity. J. Cell. Physiol., 150: 258-63.
411. Odekon, L. E., Blasi, F. et al. 1994. Requirement for receptor-bound urokinase in plasmin-dependent cellular conversion of latent TGF-beta to TGF-beta. J. Cell. Physiol., 158: 398-407.
412. Ohba, Y., Goto, Y. et al. 1995. Purification of an angiogenesis inhibitor from culture medium conditioned by a human chondrosarcoma-derived chondrocytic cell line, HCS-2/8. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1245: 1-8.
413. Ohtani, H., Pyke, C. et al. 1995. Expression of urokinase receptor in various stromal-cell populations in human colon cancer: immunoelectron microscopical analysis. Int. J. Cancer, 62: 691-6.
414. Oka, T., Ishida, T. et al. 1991. Immunohistochemical evidence of urokinase-type plasminogen activator in primary and metastatic tumors of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res., 51: 3522-5.
415. Oldberg, A., Antonsson, P. et al. 1992. COMP (cartilage oligomeric matrix protein) is structurally related to the thrombospondins. J. Biol. Chem., 267: 22346-50.
416. Olofsson, B., Pajusola, K. et al. 1996. Vascular endothelial growth factor B, a novel growth factor for endothelial cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 93: 2576-81.
417. Olsen, D., Nagayoshi, T. et al. 1989. Human laminin: cloning and sequence analysis of cDNAs encoding A, B1 and B2 chains, and expression of the corresponding genes in human skin and cultured cells. Lab. Invest., 60: 772-82.
418. Ossowski, L., and Reich, E. 1983. Antibodies to plasminogen activator inhibit human tumor metastasis. Cell, 35: 611-9.
419. Ossowski, L., Russo-Payne, H. et al. 1991. Inhibition of urokinase-type plasminogen activator by antibodies: the effect on dissemination of a human tumor in the nude mouse. Cancer Res., 51: 274-81.
420. Otani, N., Tsukamoto, T. et al. 1994. Influence of growth factors on in vitro invasiveness and type IV collagenolysis of human renal cell carcinoma cells. J. Urol., 151: 223-6.
421. Otey, C. A., Pavelko, F. M. et al. 1990. An interaction between alpha-actinin and the β1 integrin subunit in vitro. J. Cell. Biol., 111: 721-9.
422. Ozaki, T., Yoshida, K. et al. 1971. Studies on the mechanisms of invasion in cancer. II. In vivo effects of a factor chemotactic for cancer cells. Int. J. Cancer, 7: 93-100.
423. Ozawa, M., Ringwald, M. et al. 1990. Uvomorulin-catenin complex formation is regulated by a specific domain in the cytoplasmic region of the cell adhesion molecule. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 87: 4246-50.
424. Pajouh, M. S., Nagle, R. B. et al. 1991. Expression of metalloproteinase genes in human prostate cancer. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol., 117: 144-50.
425. Parangi, S., O'Reilly, M. et al. 1996. Antiangiogenic therapy of transgenic mice impairs de novo tumor growth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 93: 2002-7.
426. Paranjpe, M., Engel, L. et al. 1980. Activation of human breast carcinoma collagenase through plasminogen activator. Life Sci., 26: 1223-31.
427. Paulsson, M., Deutzmann, R. et al. 1985. Evidence for coiled-coil alpha-helical regions in the long arm of laminin. EMBO J., 4: 309-16.
428. Paulsson, M., Aumailley, M. et al. 1987. Laminin-nidogen complex. Extraction with chelating agents and structural characterization. Eur. J. Biochem., 166: 11-9.
429. Paulsson, M., Yurchenco P. D. et al. 1987. Structure of low density heparan sulfate proteoglycan isolated from a mouse tumor basement membrane. J. Mol. Biol., 197: 297-313.
430. Pavloff, N., Staskus, P. W. et al. 1992. A new inhibitor of metalloproteinases from chicken: ChIMP-3. A third member of the TIMP family. J. Biol. Chem., 267: 17321-6.
431. Peach, R. J., Hollenbaugh, D. et al. 1993. Identification of hyaluronic acid binding sites in the extracellular domain of CD44. J. Cell. Biol., 122: 257-64.
432. Peck, D., and Isacke, C. M. 1996. CD44 phosphorylation regulates melanoma cell and fibroblast migration on, but not attachment to, a hyaluronan substratum. Curr. Biol., 6: 884-90.
433. Pedersen, H., Brunner, N. et al. 1994. Prognostic impact of urokinase, urokinase receptor, and type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor in squamous and large cell lung cancer tissue. Cancer Res., 54: 4671-5.
434. Pedersen, P., Ness, G. O. et al. 1994. Heterogenous response to the growth factors (EGF, PDGF, TGF-a, bFGF, IL-2) on glioma spheroid growth, migration and invasion. Int. J. Cancer., 56: 255-61.
435. Pepper, M. S., Ferrara, N. et al. 1992. Potent synergism between vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in the induction of angiogenesis in vitro. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 189: 824-31.
436. Pepper, M. S., Matsumoto, K. et al. 1992. Hepatocyte growth factor increases urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and u-PA receptor expression in Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells. J. Biol. Chem., 267: 20493-6.
437. Piali, L., Hammel, P. et al. 1995. CD31/PECAM-1 is a ligand for alpha v beta 3 integrin involved in adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium. J. Cell. Biol., 130: 451-60.
438. Picone, R., Kajtaniak, E. L. et al. 1989. Regulation of urokinase receptors in monocyte like U937 cells by phorbol ester phorbol myristate acetate. J. Cell. Biol., 108: 693-702.
439. Pienta, K. J., Isaacs, W. B. et al. 1991. The effects of basic fibroblast growth factor and suramin on cell motility and growth of rat prostate cancer cells. J. Urol., 145: 199-202.
440. Pietras, R. J., Szego, C. M. et al. 1979. Elevated serum cathepsin B1-like activity in women with neoplastic disease. Gynecol. Oncol., 7: 1-17.
441. Plantefaber, L. C. and Hynes, R. O. 1989. Changes in integrin receptors on oncogenically transformed cells. Cell, 56: 281-90.
442. Ploug, M., Behrendt, N. et al. 1991. Protein structure and membrane anchorage of the cellular receptor for urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Semin. Thromb. Hemost., 17: 183-93.
443. Potempa, J., Korzus, E. et al. 1994. The serpin superfamily of proteinase inhibitors: structure, function, and regulation. J. Biol. Chem., 269: 15957-60.
444. Powis, G. 1994. Recent advances in the development of anticancer drugs that act against signaling pathways. Tumori, 80: 69-87.
445. Pozzatti, R., Muschel, R. et al. 1986. Primary rat embryo cells transformed by one or two oncogenes show different metastatic potentials. Science, 232: 223-7.
446. Price, J. T., Wilson, H. M. et al. 1996. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) increases the in vitro invasion, motility and adhesion interactions of the primary renal carcinoma cell line, A704. Eur. J. Cancer, 32A: 1977-82.
447. Puente, X.S., Pendas, A.M. et al. 1996. Molecular cloning of a novel membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase from a human breast carcinoma. Cancer Res., 56: 944-9.
448. r 72,000 and 92,000 type IV collagenases in human skin cancers by in situ hybridization. Cancer Res., 52: 1336.
449. Pyke, C., Ralfkiaer, E. et al. 1993. Messenger RNA for two type IV collagenases is located in stromal cells in human colon cancer. Am. J. Pathol., 142: 359-65.
450. Qian, F., Vaux, D. L. et al. 1994. Expression of the integrin α4β1 on melanoma cells can inhibit the invasive stage of metastasis formation. Cell, 77: 335-47.
451. Rao, C. N., Margulies, I. M. et al. 1982. Differential proteolytic susceptibility of laminin alpha and beta subunits. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 219: 65-70.
452. Rao, C. N., Barsky, S. H. et al. 1983. Isolation of a tumor cell laminin receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 111: 804-8.
453. Rao, C. N., Castronovo, V. et al. 1989. Evidence for a precursor of the high-affinity metastasis-associated murine laminin receptor. Biochemistry, 28: 7476-86.
454. Rauch, U., Karthikeyan, L. et al. 1992. Cloning and primary structure of neurocan, a developmentally regulated, aggregating chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan of brain. J. Biol. Chem., 267: 19536-47.
455. Ray, J. M. and Stetler-Stevenson, W. G. 1994. TIMP-2 expression modulates human melanoma cell adhesion and motility. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 732: 233-47.
456. Ray, J. M. and Stetler-Stevenson, W. G. 1995. Gelatinase A activity directly modulates melanoma cell adhesion and spreading. EMBO J., 14: 908-17.
457. Reich, R., Thompson, E. W. et al. 1988. Effects of inhibitors of plasminogen activator, serine proteinases, and collagenase IV on the invasion of basement membranes by metastatic cells. Cancer Res., 48: 3307-12.
458. Reis, C., Kolb, H. et al. 1994. Regulation of 92-kDa gelatinase release in HL-60 leukemia cells: tumor necrosis factor-a as an autocrine stimulus for basal-and phorbol ester-induced secretion. Blood, 83: 3638-46.
459. Reiter, L. S., Kruithof, E. K. et al. 1993. The role of the urokinase receptor in extracellular matrix degradation by HT29 human colon carcinoma cells. Int. J. Cancer, 53: 444-50.
460. Reynolds, J. J. 1996. Collagenases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: a functional balance in tissue degradation. Oral Dis., 2: 70-6.
461. Rice, G. E. and Bevilacqua, M. P. 1989. An inducible endothelial cell surface glycoprotein mediates melanoma adhesion. Science, 246: 1303-6.
462. Richard, C., Liuzzo, J. P. et al. 1995. Fibroblast growth factor-2 can mediate cell attachment by linking receptors and heparan sulfate proteoglycans on neighboring cells. J. Biol. Chem., 41: 24188-96.
463. Roberts, D. D. 1996. Regulation of tumor growth and metastasis by thrombospondin-1. FASEB J., 10: 1183-91.
464. Rochefort, H., Capony, F. et al. 1987. Estrogen-induced lysosomal proteases secreted by breast cancer cells: a role in carcinogenesis? J. Cell. Biochem., 35: 17-29.
465. Rochefort, H., Capony, F. et al. 1990. Cathepsin D: a protease involved in breast cancer metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev., 9: 321-31.
466. Rochefort, H. 1992. Cathepsin D in breast cancer: a tissue marker associated with metastasis. Eur. J. Cancer, 28A: 1780-3.
467. Roldan, A. L., Cubellis, M. V. et al. 1990. Cloning and expression of the receptor for human urokinase plasminogen activator, a central molecule in cell surface, plasmin-dependent proteolysis. EMBO J., 9: 467-74.
468. Romanov, V. I., Wrathall, L. S. et al. 1995. Protein synthesis is required for laminin-induced expression of the 67-kDa laminin receptor and its 37-kDa precursor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 208: 637-43.
469. Rong, S., Bodescot, M. et al. 1992. Tumorigenicity of the met proto-oncogene and the gene for hepatocyte growth factor. Mol. Cell. Biol., 12: 5152-8.
470. Rong, S., Segal, S. et al. 1994. Invasiveness and metastasis of NIH 3T3 cells induced by Methepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor autocrine stimulation.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 91: 4731-5.
471. Ronne, E., Behrendt, N. et al. 1991. Cell-induced potentiation of the plasminogen activation system is abolished by a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the NH2-terminal domain of the urokinase receptor. FEBS Lett., 288: 233-6.
472. Rosen, E. M., Goldberg, I. D. et al. 1991. Tumor necrosis factor stimulates epithelial tumor cell motility. Cancer Res., 51: 5315-21.
473. Rouyer, N., Wolf, C. et al. 1994. Stromelysin-3 gene expression in human cancer: an overview. Invasion Metastasis, 14: 269-75.
474. Rozhin, J., Gomez, A. P. et al. 1990. Cathepsin B to cysteine proteinase inhibitor balance in metastatic cell subpopulations isolated from murine tumors. Cancer Res., 50: 6278-84.
475. Rubinfeld, B., Souza, B. et al. 1995. The APC protein and E-cadherin form similar but independent complexes with alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and plakoglobin. J. Biol. Chem., 270: 5549-55.
476. Rubinfeld, B., Robbins, P. et al. 1997. Stabilization of β-catenin by genetic defects in melanoma cell lines. Science, 275: 1790-2.
477. Ruiz, P., Dunon, D. et al. 1993. Suppression of mouse melanoma metastasis by EA-1, a monoclonal antibody specific for alpha 6 integrins. Cell. Adh. Comm., 1: 67-81.
478. Ruoslahti, E. and Vaheri, A. 1974. Novel human serum protein from fibroblast plasma membrane. Nature, 248: 789-91.
479. Ruoslahti, E., Hayman, E. G. et al. 1981. Alignment of biologically active domains in the fibronectin molecule. J. Biol. Chem., 256: 7277-81.
480. Sakai, L. Y., Keene, D. R. et al. 1986. Type VII collagen is a major structural component of anchoring fibrils. J. Cell. Biol., 103: 1577-86.
481. Saksela, O. and Rifkin, D. 1988. Cell-associated plasminogen-activation: regulation and physiological function. Ann. Rev. Cell. Biol., 4: 93-126.
482. Salmi, M., Gron-Virta, K. et al. 1993. Regulated expression of exon v6 containing isoforms of CD44 in man: downregulation during malignant transformation of tumors of squamocellular origin. J. Cell. Biol., 122: 431-42.
483. Samuel, S. K., Hurta, R. A. et al. 1992. Autocrine induction of tumor protease production and invasion by a metallothionein-regulated TGF-beta 1. EMBO J., 11: 1599-605.
484. Sanchez-Lopez, R., Alexander, C. M. et al. 1993. Role of zinc-binding- and hemopexin domain-encoded sequences in the substrate specificity of collagenase and stromelysin-2 as revealed by chimeric proteins. J. Biol. Chem., 268: 7238-47.
485. Sasaki, M., Kleinman, H. K. et al. 1988. Laminin, a multidomain protein. The A chain has a unique globular domain and homology with the basement membrane proteoglycan and the laminin B chains. J. Biol. Chem., 263: 16536-44.
486. Sato, H., Takino, T. et al. 1994. A matrix metalloproteinase expressed on the surface of invasive tumor cells. Nature, 370: 61-5.
487. Sato, Y. and Rifkin, D. B. 1988. Autocrine activities of basic fibroblast growth factor: regulation of endothelial cell movement, plasminogen activator synthesis, and DNA synthesis. J. Cell. Biol., 107: 1199-205.
488. Savarese, D. M. F., Russell, J. T. et al. 1992. Type IV collagen stimulates an increase in intracellular calcium: potential role in tumor cell motility. J. Biol. Chem., 267: 21928-35.
489. Schaller, M. D., Borgman, C. A. et al. 1992. pp125FAK, a structurally distinctive protein-tyrosine kinase associated with focal adhesions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 89: 5192-6.
490. Schirrmacher, V. 1985. Cancer metastasis: experimental approaches, theoretical concepts, and impacts for treatment strategies. Adv. Cancer Res., 43: 1-73.
491. Schmitt, M., Wilhelm, O. et al. 1995. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (CD87): a new target in tumor invasion and metastasis. J Obstet. Gynaecol., 21: 151-65.
492. Schonherr, E., Witsch-Prehm, P. et al. 1995. Interaction of biglycan with type I collagen. J. Biol. Chem., 270: 2776-83.
493. Schor, S. L., Schor, A. M. et al. 1988. Fetal and cancer patient fibroblasts produce an autocrine migration-stimulating factor not made by normal adult cells. J. Cell. Sci., 90: 391-9.
494. Schor, S. L., Schor, A. M. et al. 1989. Mechanism of action of the migration stimulating factor produced by fetal and cancer patient fibroblasts: effect on hyaluronic and synthesis. In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol., 25: 737-46.
495. Schor, S. L. and Schor, A. M. 1990. Characterization of migration-stimulating factor (MSF): evidence for its role in cancer pathogenesis. Cancer Invest., 8: 665-7.
496. Schor, S. L., Grey, A. M. et al. 1993. Migration stimulating factor (MSF): its structure, mode of action and possible function in health and disease. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol., 47: 235-51.
497. Schuchter, L. M., Esa, A. H. et al. 1993. Successful treatment of murine melanoma with bryostatin 1. Cancer Res., 51: 682-7.
498. Schultz-Cherry, S., Chen, H. et al. 1995. Regulation of transforming growth factor-beta activation by discrete sequences of thrombospondin 1. J. Biol. Chem., 270: 7304-10.
499. Schwartz, G. K., Redwood, S. M. et al. 1990. Inhibition of invasion of invasive human bladder carcinoma cells by protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine. J. Natl. Cancer. Inst., 82: 1753-6.
500. Schwartz, G. K., Jiang, J. et al. 1993. Protein kinase C: a novel target for inhibiting gastric cancer cell invasion. J. Natl. Cancer. Inst., 85: 402-7.
501. Schwartz, G. K., Haimovitz-Friedman, A. et al. 1995. Potentiation of apoptosis by treatment with the protein kinase C-specific inhibitor safingol in mitomycin C-treated gastric cancer cells. J. Natl. Cancer. Inst., 87: 1394-9.
502. Schwartz, M. A. 1992. Transmembrane signaling by integrins. Trends Cell Biol., 2: 304-8.
503. Schwarzbauer, J. E., Tamkun, J. W. et al. 1983. Three different fibronectin mRNAs arise by alternative splicing within the coding region. Cell, 35: 421-31.
504. Screaton, G. R., Bell, M. V. et al. 1993. The identification of a new alternative exon with highly restricted tissue expression in transcripts encoding the mouse Pgp-1 (CD44) homing receptor. Comparison of all 10 variable exons between mouse, human, and rat. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 12235-8.
505. Sefton, M., Johnson, M. H. et al. 1992. Synthesis and phosphorylation of uvomorulin during mouse early development. Development, 115: 313-8.
506. Seftor, R. E., Seftor, E. A. et al. 1992. Role of the alpha v beta 3 integrin in human melanoma cell invasion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 89: 1557-61.
507. Seftor, R. E., Seftor, E. A. et al. 1993. The 72 kDa type IV collagenase is modulated via differential expression of alpha v beta 3 and alpha 5 beta 1 integrins during human melanoma cell invasion. Cancer Res., 53: 3411-5.
508. Segall, J. E., Tyerech, S. et al. 1996. EGF stimulates lamellipod extension in metastatic mammary adenocarcinoma cells by an actin-dependent mechanism. Clin. Exp. Metastasis, 14: 61-72.
509. Seiter, S., Arch, R., et al. 1993. Prevention of tumor metastasis formation by anti-variant CD44. J. Exp. Med., 177: 443-55.
510. Sgadari, C., Angiolillo, A. L. et al. 1996. Inhibition of angiogenesis by interleukin-12 is mediated by the interferon-inducible protein 10. Blood, 87: 3877-82.
511. Shapiro, S. D., Campbell, E. J. et al. 1990. Immune modulation of metalloproteinase production in human macrophages. Selective pretranslational suppression of interstitial collagenase and stromelysin biosynthesis by interferon-gamma. J. Clin. Invest., 86: 1204-10.
512. Shaw, L. M. and Olsen, B. R. 1991. FACIT collagens: diverse molecular bridges in extracellular matrices. Trends Biochem. Sci., 16: 191-4.
513. Sheahan, K., Shuja, S. et al. 1989. Cysteine protease activities and tumor development in human colorectal carcinoma. Cancer Res., 49: 3809-14.
514. Shibata, T., Kawano, T. et al. 1996. Enhancing effects of epidermal growth factor on human squamous cell carcinoma motility and matrix degradation but not growth. Tumour Biol., 17: 168-75.
515. Shih, D. T., Edelman, J. M. et al. 1993. Structure/ function analysis of the integrin beta 1 subunit by epitope mapping. J. Cell. Biol., 122: 1361-71.
516. Shinkfield, M. N. F., Burnand, K. G. et al. 1992. The effect of recombinant plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 (PAI-2) on the growth of a human tumor cell line in vitro and in vivo. Fibrinolysis, 6: 59-67.
517. Shuja, S. and Murnane, M. J. 1996. Marked increases in cathepsin B and L activities distinguish papillary carcinoma of the thyroid from normal thyroid or thyroid with non-neoplastic disease. Int. J. Cancer, 66: 420-6.
518. Shur, B. D. (1982). Evidence that galactosyltransferase is a surface receptor for poly(N)-acetyllactosamine glycoconjugates on embryonal carcinoma cells. J. Biol. Chem., 257: 6871-8.
519. Siebold, B., Deutzmann, R. et al. 1988. The arrangement of intra- and intermolecular disulfide bonds in the carboxyterminal, non-collagenous aggregation and cross-linking domain of basement-membrane type IV collagen. Eur. J. Biochem., 176: 617-24.
520. Siegal, G. P., Barsky, S. H. et al. 1981. Stages of neoplastic transformation of human breast tissue as monitored by dissolution of basement membrane components. An immunoperoxidase study. Invasion Metastasis, 1: 54-70.
521. Siletti, S., Watanabe, H. et al. 1991. Purification of B16-F1 melanoma autocrine motility factor and its receptor. Cancer Res., 51: 3507-11.
522. Simorre-Pinatel, V., Guerrin, M. et al. 1994. Vasculotropin-VEGF stimulates retinal capillary endothelial cells through an autocrine pathway. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 35: 3393-400.
523. Skorstengaard, K., Jensen, M. S. et al. 1985. Purification and complete primary structures of the heparin-, cell-, and DNA-binding domains of bovine plasma fibronectin. Eur. J. Biochem., 161: 441-53.
524. Sloane, B. F., Honn, K. V. et al. 1982. Cathepsin B activity in B16 melanoma cells: a possible marker for metastatic potential. Cancer. Res., 42: 980-6.
525. Sloane, B. F. and Honn, K. V. 1984. Cysteine proteinases and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev., 3: 249-63.
526. Sloane, B. F., Rozhin, J. et al. 1986. Cathepsin B: association with plasma membrane in metastatic tumors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 83: 2483-7.
527. Sloane, B. F., Rozhin, J. et al. 1992. Cysteine endopeptidases and their inhibitors in malignant progression of rat embryo fibroblasts. Biol. Chem. Hoppe Seyler, 373: 589-94.
528. Soler, R. A., Howard, M. et al. 1996. Regression of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma during therapy with thalidomide. Clin. Infect. Dis., 23: 501-3.
529. Somasundaram, R. and Schuppen, D. 1996. Type I, II, III, IV, V, and VI collagens serve as extracellular ligands for the isoforms of platelet-derived growth factor (AA, BB, AB). J. Biol. Chem., 271: 26884-91.
530. Sorkin, B. C., Hemperly, J. J. et al. 1988. Structure of the gene for the liver cell adhesion molecule, L-CAM. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 85: 7617-21.
531. Springer, T. A., and Lasky, L. A. 1991. Cell adhesion. Sticky sugars for selectins. Nature, 349: 196-7.
532. Spyratos, F., Martin, P. M. et al. 1992. Multiparametric prognostic evaluation of biological factors in primary breast cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 84: 1266-72.
533. Srivastava, A., Laidler, P. et al. 1988. The prognostic significance of tumor vascularity in intermediate thickness (0.76 to 4.0 mm thick) skin melanoma: a quantitative histologie study. Am. J. Pathol., 419-23.
534. Stamenkovic, I., Amiot, M. et al. 1989. A lymphocyte molecule implicated in lymph node homing is a member of the cartilage link protein family. Cell, 56: 1057-62.
535. Stanley, M. J., Liebersbach, B. F. et al. 1995. Heparan sulfate-mediated cell aggregation. Syndecans-1 and -4 mediate intercellular adhesion following their transfection into human B lymphoid cells. J. Biol. Chem., 270: 5077-83.
536. Stanwell, C., Gescher, A. et al. 1994. The role of protein kinase C isoenzymes in the growth inhibition caused by bryostatin 1 in human 549 lung and MCF-7 breast carcinoma. Int. J. Cancer, 56: 585-92.
537. Steeg, P. S., Bevilacqua, G. et al. 1988. Evidence for a novel gene associated with low tumor metastatic potential. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 80: 200-4.
538. Stefansson, S. and Lawrence, D. A. 1996. The serpin PAI-1 inhibits cell migration by blocking integrin alpha V beta 3 binding to vitronectin. Nature, 383: 441-3.
539. Stephens, T. D. 1988. Proposed mechanisms of action in thalidomide embryopathy. Teratology, 38: 229-39.
540. Stetler-Stevenson, W. G., Krutzsch, H. C. et al. 1989. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-2): a new member of the metalloproteinase inhibitor family. J. Biol. Chem., 264: 17374-8.
541. Stetler-Stevenson, W. G. 1990. Type IV collagenases in tumor invasion and metastasis. Cancer, Metastasis Rev., 9: 289-303.
542. Stetler-Stevenson, W. G., Liotta, L. A. et al. 1992. Linkage analysis demonstrates that the TIMP-2 locus is on mouse chromosome 11. Genomics, 14: 828-9.
543. Stetler-Stevenson, W. G., Aznavoorian, S. et al. 1993. Tumor cell interactions with the extracellular matrix during invasion and metastasis. Annu. Rev. Cell. Biol., 9: 541.
544. Stoker, M., Gherardi, E., et al. 1987. Scatter factor is a fibroblast-derived modulator of epithelial cell mobility. Nature, 327: 239-42.
545. Stoker, M. 1989. Effect of scatter factor on motility of epithelial cells and fibroblasts. J. Cell Physiol., 139: 565-9.
546. Stoker, M. and Gherardi, E. 1989. Scatter factor and other regulators of cell mobility. Br. Med. Bull., 45: 481-91.
547. Stoker, M. and Gherardi, E. 1991. Regulation of cell movement: the motogenic cytokines. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1072: 81-102.
548. Stoppelli, M. P., Tacchetti, C. et al. 1986. Autocrine saturation of pro-urokinase receptors on human A431 cells. Cell, 45: 675-84.
549. Stossel, T. P. 1993. On the crawling of animal cells. Science, 260: 1086-94.
550. Stracke, M. L., Kohn, E. C. et al. 1988. Insulin-like growth factors stimulate chemotaxis in human melanoma cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 153: 1076-83.
551. Stracke, M. L., Krutzsch, H. C. et al. 1991. Identification, purification, and partial sequence analysis of autotaxin, a novel motility-stimulating protein. J. Biol. Chem., 267: 2524-9.
552. Stracke, M. L., Krutzsch, H. C. et al. 1992. Identification, purification, and partial sequence analysis of autotaxin, a novel motility-stimulating protein. J. Biol. Chem., 267: 2524-9.
553. Strawn, L. M., McMahon, G. et al. 1996. Flk-1 as a target for tumor growth inhibition. Cancer Res., 56: 3540-5.
554. Streit, M., Schmidt, R. et al. 1996. Adhesion receptors in malignant transformation and dissemination of gastrointestinal tumors. Recent Results Cancer Res., 142: 19-50.
555. Strongin, A. Y., Collier, I. et al. 1995. Mechanism of cell surface activation of 72-kDa type IV collagenase. Isolation of the activated form of the membrane metalloprotease. J. Biol. Chem., 270: 5331-8.
556. Su, L. K., Vogelstein, B. et al. 1993. Association of the APC tumor suppressor protein with catenins. Science, 262: 1734-7.
557. Sugarbaker, E. V. 1981. Patterns of metastasis in human malignancies. Cancer Biol. Rev., 2: 235-78.
558. Sumiyoshi, K., Serizawa, K. et al. 1992. Plasminogen activator system in human breast cancer. Int. J. Cancer, 50: 345-8.
559. Sun, J., Williams, J. et al. 1996. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) homophilic adhesion is mediated by immunoglobin-like domains 1 and 2 and depends on the cytoplasmic domain and the level of surface expression. J. Biol. Chem., 271: 18561-70.
560. Tahara, H., Zitvogel, L. et al. 1996. Murine models of cancer cytokine gene therapy using interleukin-12. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci, 795: 275-83.
561. Taipale, J. and Keski-Oja, J. 1997. Growth factors in the extracellular matrix. FASEB J., 11: 51-9.
562. Takenaga, K., Nakamura, Y. et al. 1994. Involvement of S100-related calcium-binding protein pEL98 (or mts-1) in cell motility and tumor cell invasion. Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 85: 831-9.
563. Takeuchi, Y., Nakao, A. et al. 1993. Expression of plasminogen activators and their inhibitors in human pancreatic carcinoma: immunohistochemical study. Am. J. Gastroenterol., 88: 1928-33.
564. Taki, T., Ohnishi, T. et al. 1994. Anti-proliferative effects of TNP-470 on human malignant glioma in vivo: potent inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. J. Neurooncol., 19: 251-8.
565. Takino, T., Sato, H. et al. 1995. Identification of the second membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase (MT-MMP-2) gene from a human placenta cDNA library. MT-MMPs form a unique membrane-type subclass in the MMP family. J. Biol. Chem., 270: 23013-20.
566. Tanabe, K. K., Stamenkovic, I. et al. 1995. Restoration of CD44H expression in colon carcinomas reduces tumorigenicity. Ann. Surg., 222: 493-501.
567. 2+ regulation in platelets. J. Biol. Chem., 268: 2277-9.
568. Tanaka, K., Iwamoto, Y. et al. 1995. Cyclic AMP-regulated synthesis of the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases suppresses the invasive potential of the human fibrosarcoma cell line HT1080. Cancer Res., 55: 2927-35.
569. Taraboletti, G., Garofalo, A. et al. 1995. Inhibition of angiogenesis and murine hemangioma growth by batimastat, a synthetic inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 87: 293-8.
570. Tarin, D. and Matsumura, Y. 1993. Deranged activity of the CD44 gene and other loci as biomarkers for progression to metastatic malignancy. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl., 17G: 173-85.
571. Tashiro, K., Sephel, G. C. et al. 1991. The RGD containing site of the mouse laminin A chain is active for cell attachment, spreading, migration and neurite outgrowth. J. Cell. Physiol., 146: 451-9.
572. Tashiro, K., Sephel, G. C. et al. 1989. A synthetic peptide containing the IKVAV sequence from the A chain of laminin mediates cell attachment, migration, and neurite outgrowth. J. Biol. Chem., 264: 16174-82.
573. Tedder, T. F., Steeber, D. A. et al. 1995. The selectins: vascular adhesion molecules. FASEB J., 9: 866-73.
574. Terman, B. I., Dougher-Vermazen, M. et al. 1992. Identification of the KDR tyrosine kinase as a receptor for vascular endothelial cell growth receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 187: 1579-86.
575. Terranova, V. P., DiFlorio, R. et al. 1986. Laminin promotes rabbit neutrophil motility and attachment. J. Clin. Invest., 77: 1180-6.
576. Timar, J., Trikha, M. et al. 1996. Autocrine motility factor signals integrin-mediated metastatic melanoma cell adhesion and invasion. Cancer Res., 56: 1902-8.
577. Timpl, R., Ronde, H. et al. 1979. Laminin - a glycoprotein from basement membranes. J. Biol. Chem., 254: 9933-7.
578. Timpl, R., Fujiwara, S. et al. 1984. Laminin, proteoglycan, nidogen and collagen IV: structural models and molecular interactions. Ciba Found. Symp., 108: 25-43.
579. Timpl, R. and Dziadek, M. 1986. Structure, development, and molecular pathology of basement membranes. Int. Rev. Exp. Pathol, 29: 1-112.
580. Timpl, R. and Brown, J. C. 1994. The laminins. Matrix Biol., 14: 275-81.
581. Tolsma, S. S., Volpert, O. V. et al. 1993. Peptides derived from two separate domains of the matrix protein thrombospondin-1 have anti-angiogenic activity. J. Cell. Biol., 122: 497-511.
582. Tremblay, L., Hauck, W. et al. 1996. Focal adhesion kinase (pp125FAK) expression, activation and association with paxillin and p50CSK in human metastatic prostate carcinoma. Int. J. Cancer, 68: 164-71.
583. Tsiotra, P. C., Theodorakis, K. et al. 1996. The fibronectin domains of the neural adhesion molecule TAX-1 are necessary and sufficient for homophilic binding. J. Biol. Chem., 271: 29216-22.
584. Tsukita, S. and Tsukita, S. 1989. The undercoat of adherens junctions: a key specialized structure in organogenesis and carcinogenesis. Cell. Struct. Fund., 15: 7-12.
585. Tsukita, S., Oishi, K. et al. 1991. Specific protooncogenic tyrosine kinases of src family are enriched in cell-to-cell adherens junctions where the level of tyrosine phosphorylation is elevated. J. Cell. Biol., 113: 867-79.
586. Turley, E. A., Austen, L. et al. 1991. Hyaluronan and a cell-associated hyaluronan binding protein regulate the locomotion of ras-transformed cells. J. Cell. Biol., 112: 1041-7.
587. Turner, T., Chen, P. et al. 1996. EGF receptor signaling enhances in vivo invasiveness of DU-145 human prostate carcinoma cells. Clin. Exp. Metastasis, 14: 409-18.
588. Unemori, E. N., Ferrari, N. et al. 1992. Vascular endothelial growth factor induces interstitial collagenase expression in human endothelial cells. J. Cell. Physiol., 153: 557-62.
589. Ura, H., Bonfil, R. D. et al. 1989. Expression of type IV collagenase and procollagen genes and its correlation with the tumorigenic, invasive and metastatic abilities of oncogene-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells. Cancer Res., 49: 4615-21.
590. Urbanski, S. J., Edwards, D. R. et al. 1992. Expression of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in primary pulmonary carcinomas. Br. J. Cancer, 66: 1188-94.
591. Van der Stappen, J. W., Paraskeva, C. et al. 1991. Relationship between the secretion of cysteine proteinases and their inhibitors and malignant potential. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 19: 362S.
592. Van der Stappen, J. W., Williams, A. C. et al. 1996. Activation of cathepsin B, secreted by a colorectal cancer cell line requires low pH and is mediated by cathepsin D. Int. J. Cancer, 67: 547-54.
593. vβ3: angiogenesis and apoptosis. Cell Adhes. Commun., 3: 367-74.
594. Vleminckx, K., Vakaet, L., Jr. et al. 1991. Genetic manipulation of E-cadherin expression by epithelial tumor cells reveals an invasion suppressor role. Cell, 66: 107-19.
595. Voest, E. E., Kenyon, B. M. et al. 1995. Inhibition of angiogenesis in vivo by interleukin 12. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 87: 581-6.
596. Volberg, T., Zick, Y. et al. 1992. The effect of tyrosine-specific protein phosphorylation on the assembly of adherens-type junctions. EMBO J., 11: 1733-42.
597. Volpert, O. V., Stellmach, V. et al. 1995. The modulation of thrombospondin and other naturally occurring inhibitors of angiogenesis during tumor progression. Breast Cancer Res. Treat., 36: 119-26.
598. Vornehm, S. I., Dudhia, J. et al. 1996. Expression of collagen types IX and XI and other major cartilage matrix components by human fetal chondrocytes in vivo. Matrix Biol., 15: 91-8.
599. Vracko, R. 1974. Basal lamina scaffold-anatomy and significance for maintenance of orderly tissue structure. Am. J. Pathol., 77: 314-38.
600. Waghray, A. and Webber, M. M. 1995. Retinoic acid modulates extracellular urokinase-type plasminogen activator activity in DU-145 prostatic carcinoma cells. Clin. Cancer. Res., 1: 747-53.
601. Wang, X., Fu, X. et al. 1994. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor BB-94 (Batimastat) Inhibits human colon tumor growth and spread in a patient-like orthotopic model in nude mice. Cancer Res., 54: 4726-28.
602. Watanabe, H., Carmi, P. et al. 1991. Purification of human tumor cell autocrine motility factor and molecular cloning of its receptor. J. Biol. Chem., 266: 13442-8.
603. Watanabe, H., Takehana, K. et al. 1996. Tumor cell autocrine motility factor is the neuroleukin/ phosphohexose isomerase polypeptide. Cancer Res., 56: 2960-3.
604. Watson, S. A., Morris, T. M. et al. 1996. Therapeutic effect of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, batimastat, in a human colorectal cancer ascites model. Br. J. Cancer, 74: 1354-8.
605. Weaver, V. M. and Roskelley, C. D. 1997. Extracellular matrix: the central regulator of cell and tissue homeostasis. Trends Cell Biol., 7: 40-2.
606. Webber, M. M. and Waghray, A. 1995. Urokinase-mediated extracellular matrix degradation by human prostatic carcinoma cells and its inhibition by retinoic acid. Clin. Cancer Res., 1: 755-61.
607. Weidner, K. M., Hartmann, G. et al. 1993. Properties and functions of scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor c-Met. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 8: 229-37.
608. Weidner, N., Carroll, P. R. et al. 1993. Tumor angiogenesis correlates with metastasis in invasive prostate carcinoma. Am. J. Pathol., 143: 401-9.
609. Welch, D. R., Schissel, D. J. et al. 1989. Tumor-elicited polymorphonuclear cells, in contrast to "normal" circulating polymorphonuclear cells, stimulate invasive and metastatic potentials of rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 86: 5859-63.
610. Welch, D. R., Fabra, A. et al. 1990. Transforming growth facator β stimulates mammary adenocarcinoma cell invasion and metastatic potential. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 87: 7678-82.
611. Weiss L. 1992. Comments on hematogenous metastatic patterns in humans as revealed by autopsy. Clin. Exp. Metastasis, 10: 191-9
612. Wewer, U. M., Liotta, L. A. et al. 1986. Altered levels of laminin receptor mRNA in various human carcinoma cells that have different abilities to bind laminin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 83: 7137-41.
613. Wewer, U. M., Taraboletti, G. et al. 1987. Role of the laminin receptor in tumor cell migration. Cancer Res., 47: 56911-8.
614. Whitfield, J. 1992. Calcium signals and cancer. Crit. Rev. Oncogen., 3: 55-90.
615. Wigginton, J. M., Komschlies, K. L., et al. 1996. Administration of interleukin 12 with pulse interleukin 2 and the rapid and complete eradication of murine renal carcinoma. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 88: 38-43.
616. Will, H. and Hinzmann, B. cDNA sequence and mRNA tissue distribution of a novel human matrix metalloproteinase with a potential transmembrane segment. Eur. J. Biochem., 231: 602-8.
617. Wilson, C. L. and Matrisian, L. M. 1996. Matrilysin: an epithelial matrix metalloproteinase with potentially novel functions. Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol., 28: 123-36.
618. Wilson, C. L., Heppner, K. J. et al. 1997. Intestinal tumorigenesis is suppressed in mice lacking the metalloproteinase matrilysin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 94: 1402-7.
619. Witty, J. P., McDonnell, S. et al. 1994. Modulation of matrilysin levels in colon carcinoma cell lines affects tumorigenicity in vivo. Cancer Res., 54: 4805-12.
620. Wolf, C., Chenard, M. P. et al. (1992). Breast-cancer-associated stromelysin-3 gene is expressed in basal cell carcinoma and during cutaneous wound healing. J. Invest. Dermatol., 99: 870-2.
621. Wolf, C., Rovyer, N. et al. 1993. Stromelysin-3 belongs to a subgroup of proteinases expressed in breast carcinoma fibroblastic cells and possibly implicated in tumor progression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 90: 1843-7.
622. Woods, A., Couchman, J. R. et al. 1986. Adhesion and cytoskeletal organization of fibroblasts in response to fibronectin fragments. EMBO J., 5: 665-70.
623. Wright, J. A., Turley, E. A. etal. 1993. Transforming growth factor beta and fibroblast growth factor as promoters of tumor progression to malignancy. Crit. Rev. Oncogen., 4: 473-92.
624. Wu, C., Fields, A. J. et al. 1995. The role of alpha 4 beta 1 integrin in cell motility and fibronectin matrix assembly. J. Cell. Sci., 108: 821-9.
625. Wu, J. and Eyre, D. R. 1995. Structural analysis of cross-linking domains in cartilage type XI collagen. J. Biol. Chem., 270: 18865-70.
626. Xie, Y. and Muller, W. A. 1993. Molecular cloning and adhesive properties of murine platelet/ endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 90: 5569-73.
627. Yabkowitz, R., Mansfield, P. J. et al. 1993. Motility of human carcinoma cells in response to thrombospondin: relationship to metastatic potential and thrombospondin structural domains. Cancer Res., 53: 378-87.
628. Yamada, K. M., Kennedy, D. W. et al. 1990. Monoclonal antibody and synthetic peptide inhibitors of human tumor cell migration. Cancer Res., 50: 4485-96.
629. Yamagata, M., Yamada, K. M. et al. 1991. The complete primary structure of type XII collagen shows a chimeric molecule with reiterated fibronectin type III motifs, von Willebrand factor A motifs, a domain homologous to a noncollagenous region of type IX collagen, and short collagenous domains with an Arg-Gly-Asp site. J. Cell. Biol., 115: 209-21.
630. Yamamoto, H., Itoh, F. et al. 1994. Expression of matrilysin mRNA in colorectal adenomas and its induction by truncated fibronectin. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 201: 657-64.
631. Yamamoto, M., Mohanam, S. et al. 1996. Differential expression of membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase and its correlation with gelatinase A activation in human malignant brain tumors in vivo and in vitro. Cancer Res., 56: 384-92.
632. Yamaoka, M., Yamamoto, T. et al. (1993). Angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 (AGM-1470) potently inhibits the tumor growth of hormone-independent human breast and prostate carcinoma cell lines. Cancer Res., 53: 5233-6.
633. Yamashita, J., Ogawa, M. et al. 1994. Immunoreactive hepatocyte growth factor is a strong and independent predictor of recurrence and survival in human breast cancer. Cancer Res., 54: 1630-3.
634. Yanase, T., Tamura, M. et al. 1993. Inhibitory effect of angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 on tumor growth and metastasis of human cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Res., 53: 2566-2570.
635. Yao, C. C., Ziober, B. L. et al. 1996. Alpha7 integrin mediates cell adhesion and migration on specific laminin isoforms. J. Biol. Chem., 271: 25598-603.
636. Yazaki, T., Takamiya, Y. et al. 1995. Inhibition of angiogenesis and growth of human non-malignant and malignant meningiomas by TNP-470. J. Neurooncol., 23: 23-9.
637. Yoshida, A., Anand-Apte, B. et al. 1996. Differential endothelial migration and proliferation to basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. Growth Factors, 13: 57-64.
638. Yoshizaki, T., Sato, H. et al. 1997. Increased expression of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase in head and neck carcinoma. Cancer, 79: 139-44.
639. Yow, H., Wong, J. M. et al. 1988. Increased expression of a laminin-binding protein in human colon carcinomas: complete sequence of a full-length cDNA encoding the protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 85: 6394-8.
640. Yun, Z., Menter, D. G. et al. 1996. Involvement of integrin alpha v beta3 in cell adhesion, motility, and liver metastasis of murine RAW117 large cell lymphoma. Cancer Res., 56: 3103-11.
641. Yurchenco, P. D., Cheng, Y.-S. et al. 1987. Self-assembly of a high-molecular-weight basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan into dimers and oligomers. J. Biol. Chem., 262: 17668-76.
642. Yurchenco, P. D. 1994. Assembly of laminin and type IV collagen in to basement membrane networks, in Extracellular Matrix Assembly and Structure, Yurchenco, P. D., Birk, D. E., and Mecham, R. P., Eds. Academic Press, San Diego, 351.
643. Zigmond, S. H. 1996. Signal transduction and actin filament organization. Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol., 8: 66-73.
644. Zoller, M. 1995. CD44: physiological expression of distinct isoforms as evidence for organ-specific metastasis formation. J. Mol. Med., 73: 425-38.