Cooperation between matrix metalloproteinases and the plasminogen activator-plasmin system in tumor progression

Enzyme and Protein

Volumn 49, Issue 1-3, 1996, Pages 72-84

  Declerck, Yves A ^a   Laug, Walter E ^a  

^a CHILDREN S HOSPITAL LOS ANGELES   (United States)

Author keywords

Extracellular matrix; Invasion; Metalloproteinases; Metastasis; Plasminogen activators

Indexed keywords

METALLOPROTEINASE; PLASMIN; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR; PROTEINASE;

ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME REGULATION; ENZYME STRUCTURE; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; REVIEW; STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATION; TUMOR GROWTH;

EID: 0029999334     PISSN: 10196773     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000468617     Document Type: Review

References (95)

1. Stetler-Stevenson WG, Liotta LA, Kleiner DE J: Extracellular matrix: Role of matrix metalloproteinases in tumor invasion and metastasis. FASEB J 1993:7:1434-1441.
2. Mignatti P. Robbins E, Rifkin DB: Tumor invasion through the human amniotic membrane: Requirement for a proteinase cascade. Cell 1986:47:487498.
3. Kwaan HC: The plasminogen-plasmin system in malignancy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1992:11:291-311.
4. De Clerck YA. Laug WE: The role of the extracellular matrix in tumor invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis: in Teicher BA (ed.): Drug Resistance in Oncology. Dekker. New York, 1993; pp. 121-163.
5. Liotta LA. Stetler-Stevenson WG: Metalloproteinases and cancer invasion. Semin Cancer Biol 1990:1:99-106.
6. Liotta LA, Steeg PS, Stetler-Stevenson WG: Cancer metastasis and angiogenesis: An imbalance of positive and negative regulation. Cell 1991:64:327-336.
7. DeClerck YA, Imren S: Protease inhibitors: Role and potential therapeutic use in human cancer. Eur J Cancer [A] 1994;30A:2170-2180.
8. Rydzewski A, Castellino FJ: The effector roles of kringle l and kringle 2 in the enzymatic properties of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator as revealed by generation of recombinant molecules containing each kringle linked to the protease domain. Arch Biochem Biophys 1993:300:472-482.
9. Menhart N, Hoover GJ, McCance SG, Castellino FJ: Roles of individual kringle domains in the functioning of positive and negative effectors of human plasminogen activation. Biochemistry 1995:34:1482-1488.
10. Windsor LJ. Birkedal-Hansen H, Birkedal-Hansen B. Engler JA: An internal cysteine plays a role in the maintenance of the latency of human fibroblast collagenase. Biochemistry 1991;3():641-647.
11. Matrisian LM: The matrix degrading metalloproteinases. Bioessays 1992:14:455-463.
12. Castellino FJ: Plasminogen: in High KA. Roberts HR (eds.): Molecular Basis of Thrombosis and Hemostasis. New York. Dekker, 1995; pp. 495-515.
13. Stack MS, Madison EL, Pizzo SV: Tissue type plasminogen activator: in High KA. Roberts HR, Molecular Basis of Thrombosis and Hemostasis. New York. Dekker. 1995. pp 479194.
14. Boose JA, Kuismanen E, Gerard R, Sambrook J, Gething MJ: The single-chain form of tissue type plasmino gen activator has catalytic activity: Studies with a mutant enzyme that lacks the cleavage site. Biochemistry 1989:28:635-643.
15. Van Wart HE, Birkedal-Hansen H: The cysteine switch: A principle of regulation of metalloproteinase activity with potential applicability to the entire matrix metalloproteinase gene family. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 1990:87:5578-5582.
16. Strongin AY, Collier IE, Krasnov PA. Genrich LT. Marmer BP. Goldberg GI: Human 92 kD type IV collagenase: Functional analysis of fibronectin and carboxyl-end domains. Kidney Int 1993:43:158-162.
17. Ellis V. Pyke C, Eriksen J. Solberg H, Dano K: The urokinase receptor: Involvement in cell surface proteolysis and cancer Invasion. Ann NY, Acad Sei 1992:667:13-31.
18. Appella E, Robinson EA. Ulrich SJ, Stoppell MR Corti A. Cassani G. Blasi F: The receptor-binding sequence of urokinase. J Biol Chem 1987;262:4437440.
19. Matrisian LM. Hogan BL: Growth factor-regulated proteases and extracellular matrix remodeling during mammalian development. CurrTop Dev Biol 1990:24:219-259.
20. Ganser GL, Stricklin GP. Matrisian LM: EGF and TGF-alpha influence in vitro lung development by the induction of matrix-degrading metalloproteinases. Int J Dev Biol 1991:35:453-461.
21. Sato Y, Okamura K, Morimoto A, Harmanaka R, Hamaguchi K, Shimada T. Ono M, Kohno K. Sakata T. Ku wano M: Indispensable role of tissue-type plasminogen activator in growth factor-dependent tube formation of human microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. Exp Cell Res 1993:204:223-229.
22. McDonnell SE, Kerr LD, Matrisian LM: Epidermal growth factor stimulation of stromelysin mRNA in rat fibroblasts requires induction of proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun and activation of protein kinase C. Mol Cell Biol 1990:10:4284-4293.
23. Matrisian LM, Bowden GT: Stromelysin/transin and tumor progression. Semin Cancer Biol 1990:1:107-115.
24. Collier IE, Wilhelm SM, Eisen AZ. Marmer BL, Grant GA. Seltzer JL. Kronberger A. He CS. Bauer EA. Goldberg GI: H-ras oncogene-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells (TBE-1 ) secrete a single metalloprotease capable of degrading basement membrane collagen. J Biol Chem 1988:263:6579-6587.
25. Okada Y, Tsuchiya H. Shimizu H. Tomita K, Nakanishi I. Sato H, Seiki M. Yamashita K, Hayakawa T: Indue tion and stimulation of 92-kD gelatinase/type IV collagenase production in osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma cell lines by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990:171:610-617.
26. Cornelius LA, Nehring LC, Roby JD, Parks WC, Welgus HG: Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells produce matrix metalloproteinases in response to angiogenic factors and migration. J Invest Dermatol 199S;105:170-176.
27. Gum R, Wang SW, Lengyel E, Yu D, Hung MC, Juarez J. Boyd D: Up-regulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator expression by the HER2/neu proto-oncogene. Anticancer Res 1995;15:1167-1172.
28. Lengyel E, Klostergaard J, Boyd D: Stimulation of urokinase expression by TNF-alpha requires the activation of binding sites for the AP-1 and PEA3 transcription factors. Biochim Biophys Acta 1995;! 268:65-72.
29. Laiho M, Keski Oja J: Growth factors in the regulation of pericellular proteolysis: A review. Cancer Res 1989:49:2533-2553.
30. Brown PD, Levy AT, Margulies IM, Liotta LA, Stetler-Stevenson WG: Independent expression and cellular processing of Mr 72,000 type IV collagenase and interstitial collagenase in human tumorigenic cell lines. Cancer Res 1990:50:6184-6191.
31. Moll UM; Youngleib GL, Rosinski KB, Quigley JP: Tumor promoter-stimulated Mr 92,000 gelatinase secreted by normal and malignant human cells: Isolation and characterization of the enzyme from HT 1080 tumor cells. Cancer Res 1990;50:6162-6170.
32. Lim YT, Sugiura Y, Laug WE, Sun B, Garcia A, DeClerck YA: Independent regulation of matrix metalloproteinases and plasminogen activators in human fibrosarcoma cells. J Cell Physiol 1996, in press.
33. Murphy PG, Frank CB, Hart DA: Characterization of the plasminogen activators and plasminogen activator inhibitors expressed by cells isolated from rabbit ligament and synovial tissues: Evidence for unique cell populations. Exp Cell Res 1993:205:16-24.
34. Keski Oja J, Blasi F, Leof EB, Moses HL: Regulation of the synthesis and activity of urokinase plasminogen activator in A549 human lung carcinoma cells by transforming growth factor-beta. J Cell Biol 1988;106: 451159.
35. Overall CM, Wrana JL, Sodek J: Transforming growth factor-beta regulation of collagenase, 72-kD progelatinase, TIMP and PAI-1 expression in rat bone cell populations and human fibroblasts. Connect Tissue Res 1989:20:289-294.
36. Matrisian LM, Ganser GL, Kerr LD, Pelton RW, Wood LD: Negative regulation of gene expression by TGFbeta. Mol Reprod Dev 1992;32:111-120.
37. Salo T, Lyons JG, Rahemtulia F, Birkedal-Hansen H, Larjava H: Transforming growth factor-beta-1 up-regulates type IV collagenase expression in cultured human keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 1991 ;266:11436-11441.
38. Gutman A, Wasylyk B: The collagenase gene promoter contains a TPA and oncogene-responsive unit encompassing the PEA3 and AP-1 binding sites. EMBO J 1990;9:2241-2246.
39. Huhtala P, Tuuttila A, Chow LT, Lohi J, Keski Oja J, Tryggvason K: Complete structure of the human gene for 92-kD type IV collagenase. Divergent regulation of expression for the 92- and 72-kD enzyme genes in HT1080 cells. J Biol Chem 1991 ;266:16485-16490.
40. Nerlov C, Rorth P, Blasi F, Johnsen M: Essential AP-1 and PEA3 binding elements in the human urokinase enhancer display cell type-specific activity. Oncogene 1991;6:1583-1592.
41. Medcalf RL, Ruegg M, Schleuning WD: A DNA motif related to the cAMP-responsive element and an exonlocated activator protein-2 binding site in the human tissue-type plasminogen activator gene promoter cooperate in basal expression and convey activation by phorbol ester and cAMP. J Biol Chem 1990:265: 14618-14626.
42. Sato H, Seiki M: Regulatory mechanism of 92 kD type IV collagenase gene expression which is associated with invasiverness of tumor cells. Oncogene 1993;8:395405.
43. Howard SC, Wittwer AJ, Welply JK: Oligosaccharides at each glycosylation site make structure-dependent contributions to biological properties of human tissue plasminogen activator. Glycobiology 1991 ;1:411118.
44. Wittwer AJ, Howard SC: Glycosylation at Asn-184 inhibits the conversion of single-chain to two-chain tissuetype plasminogen activator by plasmin. Biochemistry 1990;29:4175tl80.
45. Wilhelm SM, Eisen AZ, Téter M, Clark Sd, Kronberger A, Goldberg G: Human fibroblast collagenase: Glycosylation and tissue-specific levels of enzyme synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 1986;83:3756-3760.
46. Okada Y, Harris EDJo, Nagase H: The precursor of a metalloendopeptidase from human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Purification and mechanisms of activation by endopeptidases and 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate. Biochem J 1988:254;731-741.
47. Lijnen HR, Bachmann F, Collen D, Ellis V, Pannekoek H, Rijken DC, Thorsen S: Mechanisms of plasminogen activation. J Intern Med 1994:236:41524.
48. Collen D: On the regulation and control of fibrinolysis. Thromb Haemost 1980;43:77-89.
49. Kleiner DE, Stetler-Stevenson WG: Structural biochemistry and activation of matrix metalloproteases. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1993:5:891-897.
50. He CS, Wilhelm SM, Pentland AP, Marmer BL, Grant GA, Eisen AZ, Goldberg GI: Tissue cooperation in a proteolytic cascade activating human interstitial collagenase. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 1989;86:2632-2636.
51. Goldberg GI, Frisch SM, He C, Wilhelm SM, Reich R., Collier IE: Secreted proteases. Regulation of their activity and their possible role in metastasis. Ann N Y Acad Sei 1990;580:375-384.
52. Nagase H, Enghild JJ, Suzuki K, Salvesen G: Stepwise activation mechanisms of the precursor of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (stromelysin) by proteinases and (4-aminophemyl)mercuric acetate. Biochemistry 1990;29: 5783-5789.
53. Suzuki K, Enghild JJ, Morodomi T, Salvesen G, Nagase H: Mechanisms of activation of tissue procollagenase by matrix metalloproteinase 3 (stromelysin). Biochemistry 1990:29:10261-10270.
54. Ogata Y, Enghilf JJ, Nagase H: Matrix metalloproteinase 3 (stromelysin) activates the precursor for the human matrix metalloproteinase 9. J Biol Chem 1992:267:3581-3584.
55. Fridman R, Toth M, Pena D, Mobashery S: Activation of progelatinase B (MMP-9) by gelatinase A (MMP-2). Cancer Res 1995;55:2548-2555.
56. Sato H, Takino T, Okada Y, Cao J, Shinagawa A. Yamamoto E, Seiki M: A matrix metalloproteinase expressed on the surface of invasive tumour cells. Nature 1994;370:61-65.
57. Pei D, Weiss SJ: Furin-dependent intracellular activation of the human stromelysin-3 zymogen. Nature 1995; 375:244-247.
58. Welgus HO, Jeffrey JJ, Eisen AZ, Roswit WT, Stricklin GP: Human skin fibroblast collagenase: Interaction with substrate and inhibitor. Collagen Rel Res 1985;5:167-179.
59. Bode W, Huber R: Natural protein proteinase inhibitors and their interaction with proteinases. Eur J Biochem 1992:204:433-451.
60. Goldberg GI, Marmer BL, Grant GA, Eisen AZ, Wilhelm S, He CS: Human 72-kilodalton type IV collagenase forms a complex with a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases designated TIMP-2. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 1989;86:8207-8211.
61. Goldberg GI, Strongin A, Collier IE, Genrich LT, Marmer BL: Interaction of 92-kD type IV collagenase with the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases prevents dimerization, complex formation with interstitial collagenase, and activation of the proenzyme with stromelysin. J Biol Chem 1992;267:4583t591.
62. DeClerck YA, Yean TD, Lu HS, Ting J, Langley KE: Inhibition of autoproteolytic activation of interstitial procollagenase by recombinant metalloproteinase inhibitor MIATIMP-2. J Biol Chem 1991:266:3893-3899.
63. Strongin AY, Marmer BL, Grant GA, Goldberg GI: Plasma membrane-dependent activation of the 72-kD type IV collagenase is prevented by complex formation with TIMP-2. J Biol Chem 1993:268:14033-14039.
64. Strongin AY. Collier I, Bannikov G, Marmer BL, Grant GA, Goldberg GI: Mechanism of cell surface activation of 72-kD type IV collagenase. Isolation of the activated form of the membrane metalloprotease. J Biol Chem 1995:270:5331-5338.
65. Ellis V, Dano K: Plasminogen activation by receptor-bound urokinase. Semin Thromb Hemost 1991 ;17: 194-200.
66. Lee SW, Ellis V, Dichek DA: Characterization of plasminogen activation by glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored urokinase. J Biol Chem 1994:269:2411-2418.
67. Miles LA, Levin EG, Plescia J, Collen D, Plow EF: Plasminogen receptors, urokinase receptors, and their modulation on human endothelial cells. Blood 1988:72:628-635.
68. Namiranian S, Naito Y, Kakkar VP, Souliy MF: Bound plasminogen is rate-limiting for cell-surface-mediated activation of plasminogen by urokinase. Biochem J 1995:309:977-982.
69. Shih GC, Hajjar KA: Plasminogen and plasminogen activator assembly on the human endothelial cell. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1993:202:258-264.
70. Lijnen HR, De Cock F, Collen D: Characterization of the binding of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) to plasminogen, to plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 and to the u-PA receptor. Eur J Biochem 1994; 224:567-574.
71. Emonard HP, Remacle AG, Noeel AC, Grimaud JA, Stetler-Stevenson WG. Foidart JM: Tumor cell surfaceassociated binding site for the M(r) 72,000 type IV collagenase. Cancer Res 1992;52:5845-5848.
72. Emmert-Buck MR, Emonard HP, Corcoran ML, Krutzsch HC, Foidart JM, Stetler-Stevenson WG: Cell surface binding of TIMP-2 and pro-MMP-2mMP-2 complex. FEBS Lett 1995:364:28-32.
73. Bohuslav J, Horejsi V, Hansmann C, Stockl J, Weidle UH, Majdic O, Bartke I, Knapp W, Stockinger H: Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, beta-2-integrins, and Src-kinases within a single receptor complex of human monocytes. J Exp Med 1995:181:1381-1390.
74. Pei D, Majmudar G, Weiss SJ: Hydrolytic inactivation of a breast carcinoma cell-derived serpin by human stromelysin-3. J Biol Chem 1994:269:25849-25855.
75. Mackay AR, Corbitt RH, Hartzier JL, Thorgeirsson UP: Basement membrane type IV collagen degradation: Evidence for the involvement of a proteolytic cascade independent of metalloproteinases. Cancer Res 1990:50:5997-6001.
76. Jones P DeClerck YA: Destruction of extracellular matrices containing glycoproteins. elastin and collagen by metastatic human tumor cells. Cancer Res 1980:40:3220-3227.
77. Montgomery AM, De Clerck YA, Langley KE, Reisfeld RA, Mueller BM: Melanoma-mediated dissolution of extracellular matrix: Contribution of urokinase-dependent and metalloproteinase-dependent proteolytic pathways. Cancer Res 1993:53:693-700.
78. Morodomi T, Ogata Y, Sasaguri Y, Morimatsu M, Nagase H: Purification and characterization of matrix metalloproteinase 9 from U937 monocytic leukaemia and HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. Biochem J 1992:285: 603-611.
79. DeClerck YA, Yean TD, Lee Y, Tomich JM, Langley KE: Characterization of the functional domain of tissue inhibitor of metalIoproteinases-2. Biochem J 1993:289:65-69.
80. Dano K, Andreasen PA, Grondahl-Hansen J, Kristensen P, Nielsen LS, Skriver L: Plasminogen activators, tissue degradation and cancer. Adv Cancer Res 1985;44:139-266.
81. Shah V, Kumar S, Zirvi KA: Metastasis of human colon tumor cells in vivo: Correlation with the overexpression of plasminogen activators and 72 kD gelatinase. In Vivo 1994;8:321-326.
82. Moser TL, Young TN, Rodriguez GC, Pizzo SV, Bast RC Jr, Stack MS: Secretion of extracellular matrix-degrading proteinases is increased in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Int J Cancer 1994:56:552-559.
83. Azuma M, Tamatani T, Fukui K, Yoshida H, Kamogashira T, Ogino K, Suzuki T, Sato M: Role of plasminogen activators, metalloproteinases and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in the metastatic process of human salivary-gland adenocarcinoma cells. Int J Cancer 1993:54:669-676.
84. Gorelik U, Lindner A, Mayer M: Protease and plasminogen activator activity in human bladder carcinoma. Br J Urol 1990:66:170-174.
85. Khokha R, Waterhouse P, Yagel S, Lala PK, Overall CM, Norton G, Denhardt DT: Antisense RNA-induced reduction in murine TIMP levels confers oncogenicity on Swiss 3T3 cells. Science 1989;243:947-950.
86. Khokha R, Zimmer MJ, Graham CH, Lala PK, Waterhouse P: Suppression of invasion by inducible expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in B16-F10 melanoma cells. J Natl Cancer Inst 1992;84: 1017-1022.
87. DeClerck YA, Perez N, Shimada H, Boone TC, Langley KE, Taylor SM: Inhibition of Invasion and metastasis in cells transfected with an inhibitor of metalloproteinases. Cancer Res 1992:52:701 -708.
88. Khokha R: Suppression of the tumorigenic and metastatic abilities of murine B16-F10 melanoma-cells in vivo by the overexpression of the tissue inhibitor of the metalloproteinases-1. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994:86:299-304.
89. Koop S, Khokha R, Schmidt EE, MacDonald 1C, Morris VL, Chambers AF, Groom AC: Overexpression of metalloproteinase inhibitor in B16F10 cells does not affect extravasation but reduces tumor growth. Cancer Res 1994:54:47911797.
90. Montgomery AM, Mueller BM, Reisfeld RA, Taylor SM, DeClerck YA: Effect of tissue inhibitor of the matrix metalloproteinases-2 expression on the growth and spontaneous metastasis of a human melanoma cell line. Cancer Res 1994:54:5467-5473.
91. Davies B, Brown PD, East N, Crimmin MJ, Balkwill FK: A synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor decreases tumor burden and prolongs survival of mice bearing human ovarian carcinoma xenografts. Cancer Res 1993:53:2087-2091.
92. Powell WC, Knox JD, Navre M, Grogan TM, Kitteisen J, Nagle RB, Bowden GT: Expression of the metalloproteinase matrilysin in DU-145 cells increases their invasive potential in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Cancer Res 1993:53:417122.
93. Bernhard EJ, Gruber SB, Muschel RJ: Direct evidence linking expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (92-kD gelatinase/collagenase) to the metastatic phenotype in transformed rat embryo cells. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 1994:91:4293-4297.
94. Mueller BM, Yu YB, Laug WE: Overexpression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 in human melanoma cells inhibits spontaneous metastasis in seid mice. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 1995:92:205-209.
95. Laug WE, Cao XR, Yu YB, Shimada H, Kruithof EK: Inhibition of invasion of HT1080 sarcoma cells expressing recombinant plasminogen activator inhibitor 2. Cancer Res 1993:53:6051-6057.