메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 57, Issue 1, 2021, Pages

E-cigarette use and respiratory disorders: An integrative review of converging evidence from epidemiological and laboratory studies

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GLYCEROL; PROPYLENE GLYCOL;

EID: 85100280546     PISSN: 09031936     EISSN: 13993003     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01815-2019     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (109)

References (132)
  • 1
    • 85048074925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco product use among middle and highschool students - United States, 2011-2017
    • Wang TW, Gentzke A, Sharapova S, et al. Tobacco product use among middle and highschool students - United States, 2011-2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018; 67: 629-633.
    • (2018) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.67 , pp. 629-633
    • Wang, TW1    Gentzke, A2    Sharapova, S3
  • 3
    • 85059794824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adolescent vaping and nicotine use in 2017-2018: U.S. national estimates
    • Miech RA, Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, et al. Adolescent vaping and nicotine use in 2017-2018: U.S. national estimates. N Engl J Med 2019; 380: 192-193.
    • (2019) N Engl J Med , vol.380 , pp. 192-193
    • Miech, RA1    Johnston, LD2    O'Malley, PM3
  • 4
    • 85074569993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette use among youth in the United States, 2019
    • Cullen KA, Gentzke AS, Sawdey MD, et al. E-cigarette use among youth in the United States, 2019. JAMA 2019; 322: 2095-2103.
    • (2019) JAMA , vol.322 , pp. 2095-2103
    • Cullen, KA1    Gentzke, AS2    Sawdey, MD3
  • 5
    • 85015223083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette use among youth and young adults: a major public health concern
    • Murthy VH. E-cigarette use among youth and young adults: a major public health concern. JAMA Pediatr 2017; 171: 209-210.
    • (2017) JAMA Pediatr , vol.171 , pp. 209-210
    • Murthy, VH.1
  • 6
    • 85072012498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette use by young adult nonsmokers: next-generation nicotine dependence?
    • Thorndike AN. E-cigarette use by young adult nonsmokers: next-generation nicotine dependence? Ann Intern Med 2019; 170: 70-71.
    • (2019) Ann Intern Med , vol.170 , pp. 70-71
    • Thorndike, AN.1
  • 7
    • 85075419271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaping: a growing global health concern
    • Besaratinia A, Tommasi S. Vaping: a growing global health concern. EClinicalMedicine 2019; 17: 100208.
    • (2019) EClinicalMedicine , vol.17 , pp. 100208
    • Besaratinia, A1    Tommasi, S.2
  • 9
    • 85041298316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarettes: use, effects on health, risks, and policy implications
    • Glantz SA, Bareham DW. E-cigarettes: use, effects on health, risks, and policy implications. Ann Rev Public Health 2018; 39: 215-235.
    • (2018) Ann Rev Public Health , vol.39 , pp. 215-235
    • Glantz, SA1    Bareham, DW.2
  • 10
    • 85020008308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between initial use of e-cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Soneji S, Barrington-Trimis JL, Wills TA, et al. Association between initial use of e-cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2017; 171: 788-797.
    • (2017) JAMA Pediatr , vol.171 , pp. 788-797
    • Soneji, S1    Barrington-Trimis, JL2    Wills, TA3
  • 11
    • 85041323889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington, DC, National Academies Press
    • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Public Health Consequences of E-cigarettes. Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 2018.
    • (2018) Public Health Consequences of E-cigarettes
  • 12
    • 85076125261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life-threatening bronchiolitis related to electronic cigarette use in a Canadian youth
    • Landman S, Dhaliwal I, Mackenzie CA, et al. Life-threatening bronchiolitis related to electronic cigarette use in a Canadian youth. CMAJ 2019; 191: E1321-E1331.
    • (2019) CMAJ , vol.191 , pp. E1321-E1331
    • Landman, S1    Dhaliwal, I2    Mackenzie, CA3
  • 13
    • 84974845926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential health effects of electronic cigarettes: a systematic review of case reports
    • Hua M, Talbot P. Potential health effects of electronic cigarettes: a systematic review of case reports. Prev Med Rep 2016; 4: 169-178.
    • (2016) Prev Med Rep , vol.4 , pp. 169-178
    • Hua, M1    Talbot, P.2
  • 14
    • 85063126407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute eosinophilic pneumonia following e-cigarette use
    • Arter ZL, Wiggins A, Hudspath C, et al. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia following e-cigarette use. Resp Med Case Rep 2019; 27: 100825.
    • (2019) Resp Med Case Rep , vol.27 , pp. 100825
    • Arter, ZL1    Wiggins, A2    Hudspath, C3
  • 15
    • 85070271736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Danger in the vapor? ECMO for adolescents with status asthmaticus after vaping
    • Bradford LE, Rebuli ME, Ring BJ, et al. Danger in the vapor? ECMO for adolescents with status asthmaticus after vaping. J Asthma 2020; 57: 1168-1172.
    • (2020) J Asthma , vol.57 , pp. 1168-1172
    • Bradford, LE1    Rebuli, ME2    Ring, BJ3
  • 16
    • 85039706277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung injury associated with electronic cigarettes inhalation diagnosed by transbronchial lung biopsy
    • Itoh M, Aoshiba K, Herai Y, et al. Lung injury associated with electronic cigarettes inhalation diagnosed by transbronchial lung biopsy. Respir Case Rep 2017; 6: e00282.
    • (2017) Respir Case Rep , vol.6 , pp. e00282
    • Itoh, M1    Aoshiba, K2    Herai, Y3
  • 17
    • 85048099820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis and acute respiratory distress syndrome from e-cigarette use
    • Sommerfeld CG, Weiner DJ, Nowalk A, et al. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis and acute respiratory distress syndrome from e-cigarette use. Pediatrics 2018; 141: e20163927.
    • (2018) Pediatrics , vol.141 , pp. e20163927
    • Sommerfeld, CG1    Weiner, DJ2    Nowalk, A3
  • 18
    • 84944153210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung-function trajectories leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Lange P, Celli B, Agustí A, et al. Lung-function trajectories leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2015; 373: 111-122.
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.373 , pp. 111-122
    • Lange, P1    Celli, B2    Agustí, A3
  • 19
    • 0038377619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of asthma and risk of lung cancer (United States)
    • Santillan AA, Camargo CA, Colditz GA. A meta-analysis of asthma and risk of lung cancer (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2003; 14: 327-334.
    • (2003) Cancer Causes Control , vol.14 , pp. 327-334
    • Santillan, AA1    Camargo, CA2    Colditz, GA.3
  • 20
    • 84964433467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes of childhood asthma and wheezy bronchitis: 50-year cohort study
    • Tagiyeva N, Devereux G, Fielding S, et al. Outcomes of childhood asthma and wheezy bronchitis: 50-year cohort study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193: 23-30.
    • (2016) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.193 , pp. 23-30
    • Tagiyeva, N1    Devereux, G2    Fielding, S3
  • 21
    • 84975864544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarettes and cardiovascular disease risk: evaluation of evidence, policy implications, and recommendations
    • Bhatnagar A. E-cigarettes and cardiovascular disease risk: evaluation of evidence, policy implications, and recommendations. Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep 2016; 10: 24.
    • (2016) Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep , vol.10 , pp. 24
    • Bhatnagar, A.1
  • 22
    • 85056003017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette use as a potential cardiovascular disease risk behavior
    • Bold KW, Krishnan-Sarin S, Stoney CM. E-cigarette use as a potential cardiovascular disease risk behavior. Am Psychol 2018; 73: 955-967.
    • (2018) Am Psychol , vol.73 , pp. 955-967
    • Bold, KW1    Krishnan-Sarin, S2    Stoney, CM.3
  • 23
    • 85045205298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal e-cigarette exposure in mice alters DNA methylation and lung cytokine expression in offspring
    • Chen H, Li G, Chan YL, et al. Maternal e-cigarette exposure in mice alters DNA methylation and lung cytokine expression in offspring. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58: 366-377.
    • (2018) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.58 , pp. 366-377
    • Chen, H1    Li, G2    Chan, YL3
  • 24
    • 84923361957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of electronic cigarette emissions on systemic cotinine levels, weight and postnatal lung growth in neonatal mice
    • McGrath-Morrow SA, Hayashi M, Aherrera A, et al. The effects of electronic cigarette emissions on systemic cotinine levels, weight and postnatal lung growth in neonatal mice. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0118344.
    • (2015) PLoS One , vol.10 , pp. e0118344
    • McGrath-Morrow, SA1    Hayashi, M2    Aherrera, A3
  • 25
    • 85048067424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal e-cigarette exposure results in cognitive and epigenetic alterations in offspring in a mouse model
    • Nguyen T, Li GE, Chen H, et al. Maternal e-cigarette exposure results in cognitive and epigenetic alterations in offspring in a mouse model. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31: 601-611.
    • (2018) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.31 , pp. 601-611
    • Nguyen, T1    Li, GE2    Chen, H3
  • 26
    • 85061852396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic impacts of maternal tobacco and e-vapour exposure on the offspring lung
    • Zakarya R, Adcock I, Oliver BG. Epigenetic impacts of maternal tobacco and e-vapour exposure on the offspring lung. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11: 32.
    • (2019) Clin Epigenetics , vol.11 , pp. 32
    • Zakarya, R1    Adcock, I2    Oliver, BG.3
  • 28
    • 85030860415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarettes: their constituents and potential links to asthma
    • Clapp PW, Jaspers I. Electronic cigarettes: their constituents and potential links to asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2017; 17: 79.
    • (2017) Curr Allergy Asthma Rep , vol.17 , pp. 79
    • Clapp, PW1    Jaspers, I.2
  • 29
    • 84920458208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for exclusive e-cigarette use and dual e-cigarette and tobacco use in adolescents
    • Wills TA, Knight R, Williams R, et al. Risk factors for exclusive e-cigarette use and dual e-cigarette and tobacco use in adolescents. Pediatrics 2015; 135: e43-e51.
    • (2015) Pediatrics , vol.135 , pp. e43-e51
    • Wills, TA1    Knight, R2    Williams, R3
  • 30
    • 84988614798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How is the effect of e-cigarette use on smoking onset mediated: a longitudinal analysis
    • Wills TA, Gibbons FX, Sargent JD, et al. How is the effect of e-cigarette use on smoking onset mediated: a longitudinal analysis. Psychol Addict Behav 2016; 30: 876-886.
    • (2016) Psychol Addict Behav , vol.30 , pp. 876-886
    • Wills, TA1    Gibbons, FX2    Sargent, JD3
  • 31
    • 84962146904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study of e-cigarette use and onset of cigarette smoking among high school students in Hawaii
    • Wills TA, Knight R, Sargent JD, et al. Longitudinal study of e-cigarette use and onset of cigarette smoking among high school students in Hawaii. Tob Control 2017; 26: 34-39.
    • (2017) Tob Control , vol.26 , pp. 34-39
    • Wills, TA1    Knight, R2    Sargent, JD3
  • 32
    • 84960981819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between electronic cigarette use and asthma among high school students in South Korea
    • Cho JH, Paik SM. Association between electronic cigarette use and asthma among high school students in South Korea. PLoS One 2016; 11: e0151022.
    • (2016) PLoS One , vol.11 , pp. e0151022
    • Cho, JH1    Paik, SM.2
  • 33
    • 85038637634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active, passive, and electronic cigarette smoking is associated with asthma in adolescents
    • Kim SY, Sim S, Choi HG. Active, passive, and electronic cigarette smoking is associated with asthma in adolescents. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 17789.
    • (2017) Sci Rep , vol.7 , pp. 17789
    • Kim, SY1    Sim, S2    Choi, HG.3
  • 34
    • 85075712585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of heated tobacco products is associated with asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis in Korean adolescents
    • Lee A, Lee SY, Lee K-S. The use of heated tobacco products is associated with asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis in Korean adolescents. Sci Rep 2019; 9: 17699.
    • (2019) Sci Rep , vol.9 , pp. 17699
    • Lee, A1    Lee, SY2    Lee, K-S.3
  • 35
    • 84954112434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarette use and respiratory symptoms in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong
    • Wang MP, Ho SY, Leung LT, et al. Electronic cigarette use and respiratory symptoms in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. JAMA Pediatr 2016; 170: 89-91.
    • (2016) JAMA Pediatr , vol.170 , pp. 89-91
    • Wang, MP1    Ho, SY2    Leung, LT3
  • 36
    • 84964389215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette use among Florida youth with and without asthma
    • Choi K, Bernat D. E-cigarette use among Florida youth with and without asthma. Am J Prev Med 2016; 51: 446-453.
    • (2016) Am J Prev Med , vol.51 , pp. 446-453
    • Choi, K1    Bernat, D.2
  • 37
    • 84997702064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of and beliefs about electronic cigarettes and hookah among high school students with asthma
    • Fedele DA, Barnett TE, Dekevich D, et al. Prevalence of and beliefs about electronic cigarettes and hookah among high school students with asthma. Ann Epidemiol 2016; 26: 865-869.
    • (2016) Ann Epidemiol , vol.26 , pp. 865-869
    • Fedele, DA1    Barnett, TE2    Dekevich, D3
  • 38
    • 85057822569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondhand exposure to aerosols from electronic nicotine delivery systems and asthma exacerbations among youth with asthma
    • Bayly JE, Bernat D, Porter L, et al. Secondhand exposure to aerosols from electronic nicotine delivery systems and asthma exacerbations among youth with asthma. Chest 2019; 155: 88-93.
    • (2019) Chest , vol.155 , pp. 88-93
    • Bayly, JE1    Bernat, D2    Porter, L3
  • 39
    • 84988843906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Looking beyond cigarettes: are Ontario adolescents with asthma less likely to smoke e-cigarettes, marijuana, waterpipes or tobacco cigarettes?
    • Larsen K, Faulkner GEJ, Boak A, et al. Looking beyond cigarettes: are Ontario adolescents with asthma less likely to smoke e-cigarettes, marijuana, waterpipes or tobacco cigarettes? Respir Med 2016; 120: 10-15.
    • (2016) Respir Med , vol.120 , pp. 10-15
    • Larsen, K1    Faulkner, GEJ2    Boak, A3
  • 40
    • 85030466750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette use and asthma in a multiethnic sample of adolescents
    • Schweitzer RJ, Wills TA, Tam E, et al. E-cigarette use and asthma in a multiethnic sample of adolescents. Prev Med 2017; 105: 226-231.
    • (2017) Prev Med , vol.105 , pp. 226-231
    • Schweitzer, RJ1    Wills, TA2    Tam, E3
  • 41
    • 85083549686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette use associated with asthma independent of cigarette smoking and marijuana in a 2017 national sample of adolescents
    • Wills TA, Choi K, Pagano I. E-cigarette use associated with asthma independent of cigarette smoking and marijuana in a 2017 national sample of adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2020; 67: 524-530.
    • (2020) J Adolesc Health , vol.67 , pp. 524-530
    • Wills, TA1    Choi, K2    Pagano, I.3
  • 42
    • 85018633180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarette use and respiratory symptoms in adolescents
    • McConnell R, Barrington-Trimis JL, Wang K, et al. Electronic cigarette use and respiratory symptoms in adolescents. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195: 1043-1049.
    • (2017) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.195 , pp. 1043-1049
    • McConnell, R1    Barrington-Trimis, JL2    Wang, K3
  • 43
    • 85050814096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette and e-cigarette dual use and risk of cardiopulmonary symptoms in the Health eHeart Study
    • Wang JB, Olgin JE, Nah G, et al. Cigarette and e-cigarette dual use and risk of cardiopulmonary symptoms in the Health eHeart Study. PLoS One 2018; 13: e0198681.
    • (2018) PLoS One , vol.13 , pp. e0198681
    • Wang, JB1    Olgin, JE2    Nah, G3
  • 44
    • 85056855540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette use and respiratory disorder in an adult sample
    • Wills TA, Pagano I, Williams RJ, et al. E-cigarette use and respiratory disorder in an adult sample. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 194: 363-370.
    • (2019) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.194 , pp. 363-370
    • Wills, TA1    Pagano, I2    Williams, RJ3
  • 45
    • 85073458662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between e-cigarette use and asthma among never combustible cigarette smokers: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2016 & 2017
    • Osei AD, Mirbolouk M, Orimoloye OA, et al. The association between e-cigarette use and asthma among never combustible cigarette smokers: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2016 & 2017. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19: 180.
    • (2019) BMC Pulm Med , vol.19 , pp. 180
    • Osei, AD1    Mirbolouk, M2    Orimoloye, OA3
  • 46
    • 85077316802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of e-cigarette use with respiratory disease among adults: a longitudinal analysis
    • Bhatta DN, Glantz SA. Association of e-cigarette use with respiratory disease among adults: a longitudinal analysis. Am J Prev Med 2020; 58: 182-190.
    • (2020) Am J Prev Med , vol.58 , pp. 182-190
    • Bhatta, DN1    Glantz, SA.2
  • 47
    • 85043248392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marijuana use among US tobacco users: findings from wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco Health (PATH) study
    • Strong DR, Myers MG, Pulvers K, et al. Marijuana use among US tobacco users: findings from wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco Health (PATH) study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 186: 16-22.
    • (2018) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.186 , pp. 16-22
    • Strong, DR1    Myers, MG2    Pulvers, K3
  • 48
    • 85073627956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult e-cigarette use associated with a self-reported diagnosis of COPD
    • Perez M, Atuegwu NC, Mead EL, et al. Adult e-cigarette use associated with a self-reported diagnosis of COPD. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16: 3938.
    • (2019) Int J Environ Res Public Health , vol.16 , pp. 3938
    • Perez, M1    Atuegwu, NC2    Mead, EL3
  • 49
    • 85061665783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of smoking and electronic cigarette use with wheezing and related respiratory symptoms in adults: cross-sectional results from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, wave 2
    • Li D, Sundar IK, McIntosh S, et al. Association of smoking and electronic cigarette use with wheezing and related respiratory symptoms in adults: cross-sectional results from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, wave 2. Tob Control 2020; 29: 140-147.
    • (2020) Tob Control , vol.29 , pp. 140-147
    • Li, D1    Sundar, IK2    McIntosh, S3
  • 50
    • 85079029694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between e-cigarette use and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by smoking status: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2016 and 2017
    • Osei AD, Mirbolouk M, Orimoloye OA, et al. Association between e-cigarette use and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by smoking status: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2016 and 2017. Am J Prev Med 2020; 58: 336-342.
    • (2020) Am J Prev Med , vol.58 , pp. 336-342
    • Osei, AD1    Mirbolouk, M2    Orimoloye, OA3
  • 51
    • 85059603526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of electronic cigarette use with smoking habits, demographic factors, and respiratory symptoms
    • Hedman L, Backman H, Stridsman C, et al. Association of electronic cigarette use with smoking habits, demographic factors, and respiratory symptoms. JAMA Netw Open 2018; 1: e180789.
    • (2018) JAMA Netw Open , vol.1 , pp. e180789
    • Hedman, L1    Backman, H2    Stridsman, C3
  • 52
    • 85028958769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarette use in US adults at risk for or with COPD: analysis from two observational cohorts
    • Bowler RP, Hansel NH, Jacobson S, et al. Electronic cigarette use in US adults at risk for or with COPD: analysis from two observational cohorts. J Gen Intern Med 2017; 32: 1315-1322.
    • (2017) J Gen Intern Med , vol.32 , pp. 1315-1322
    • Bowler, RP1    Hansel, NH2    Jacobson, S3
  • 53
    • 0345305748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of factors affecting the validity of self-reported health risk behavior among adolescents: a review of the literature
    • Brener ND, Billy JOG, Grady WR. Assessment of factors affecting the validity of self-reported health risk behavior among adolescents: a review of the literature. J Adolesc Health 2003; 33: 437-457.
    • (2003) J Adolesc Health , vol.33 , pp. 437-457
    • Brener, ND1    Billy, JOG2    Grady, WR.3
  • 54
    • 0346199330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The validity of self-reports of alcohol consumption: state of the science and challenges for research
    • Suppl. 2
    • Del Boca FK, Darkes J. The validity of self-reports of alcohol consumption: state of the science and challenges for research. Addiction 2003; 98: Suppl. 2, 1-12.
    • (2003) Addiction , vol.98 , pp. 1-12
    • Del Boca, FK1    Darkes, J.2
  • 55
    • 0036807274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability of the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire
    • Brener ND, Kann L, McManus T, et al. Reliability of the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire. J Adolesc Health; 2002: 336-342.
    • (2002) J Adolesc Health , pp. 336-342
    • Brener, ND1    Kann, L2    McManus, T3
  • 56
    • 84878682064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methodology of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System - 2013
    • Brener ND, Kann L, Shanklin S, et al. Methodology of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System - 2013. MMWR Recomm Rep 2013; 62: 1-20.
    • (2013) MMWR Recomm Rep , vol.62 , pp. 1-20
    • Brener, ND1    Kann, L2    Shanklin, S3
  • 57
    • 84857473091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating a multimode design into a national random-digit-dialed telephone survey
    • Hu SS, Pierannunzi C, Balluz L. Integrating a multimode design into a national random-digit-dialed telephone survey. Prev Chronic Dis 2011; 8: A145.
    • (2011) Prev Chronic Dis , vol.8 , pp. A145
    • Hu, SS1    Pierannunzi, C2    Balluz, L.3
  • 58
    • 84861788511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of prevalence estimates for selected health indicators of chronic diseases or conditions from the Behavioral Risk Factor Survey Surveillance System, the National Health Interview Survey, and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2008
    • Li C, Balluz LS, Ford ES, et al. A comparison of prevalence estimates for selected health indicators of chronic diseases or conditions from the Behavioral Risk Factor Survey Surveillance System, the National Health Interview Survey, and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2008. Prev Med 2012; 54: 381-387.
    • (2012) Prev Med , vol.54 , pp. 381-387
    • Li, C1    Balluz, LS2    Ford, ES3
  • 59
    • 84875205119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of publications assessing reliability and validity of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), 2004-2011
    • Pierannunzi C, Hu SS, Balluz L. A systematic review of publications assessing reliability and validity of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), 2004-2011. BMC Med Res Methodol 2013; 13: 49.
    • (2013) BMC Med Res Methodol , vol.13 , pp. 49
    • Pierannunzi, C1    Hu, SS2    Balluz, L.3
  • 60
    • 84875165218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metal and silicate particles including nanoparticles are present in electronic cigarette cartomizer fluid and aerosol
    • Williams M, Villarreal A, Bozhilov K, et al. Metal and silicate particles including nanoparticles are present in electronic cigarette cartomizer fluid and aerosol. PLoS One 2013; 8: e57987.
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , pp. e57987
    • Williams, M1    Villarreal, A2    Bozhilov, K3
  • 61
    • 85032667593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of reactive oxygen species generated by electronic cigarettes using acellular and cellular approaches
    • Zhao J, Zhang Y, Sisler JD, et al. Assessment of reactive oxygen species generated by electronic cigarettes using acellular and cellular approaches. J Hazard Mater 2018; 344: 549-557.
    • (2018) J Hazard Mater , vol.344 , pp. 549-557
    • Zhao, J1    Zhang, Y2    Sisler, JD3
  • 62
    • 85061444585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarettes: a task force report from the European Respiratory Society
    • Bals R, Boyd J, Esposito S, et al. Electronic cigarettes: a task force report from the European Respiratory Society. Eur Respir J 2019; 53: 1801151.
    • (2019) Eur Respir J , vol.53 , pp. 1801151
    • Bals, R1    Boyd, J2    Esposito, S3
  • 64
    • 85026290020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing the cytotoxicity of electronic cigarette fluids, aerosols and solvents
    • Behar RZ, Wang Y, Talbot P. Comparing the cytotoxicity of electronic cigarette fluids, aerosols and solvents. Tob Control 2018; 27: 325-333.
    • (2018) Tob Control , vol.27 , pp. 325-333
    • Behar, RZ1    Wang, Y2    Talbot, P.3
  • 65
    • 85061886606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of nicotine and toxicant exposure in users of electronic cigarettes and combustible cigarettes
    • Goniewicz ML, Smith DM, Edwards KC, et al. Comparison of nicotine and toxicant exposure in users of electronic cigarettes and combustible cigarettes. JAMA Netw Open 2018; 1: e185937.
    • (2018) JAMA Netw Open , vol.1 , pp. e185937
    • Goniewicz, ML1    Smith, DM2    Edwards, KC3
  • 66
    • 85071581367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of flavorant-propylene glycol adducts with novel toxicological properties in chemically unstable e-cigarette liquids
    • Erythropel HC, Jabba SV, DeWinter TM, et al. Formation of flavorant-propylene glycol adducts with novel toxicological properties in chemically unstable e-cigarette liquids. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 21: 1248-1258.
    • (2019) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.21 , pp. 1248-1258
    • Erythropel, HC1    Jabba, SV2    DeWinter, TM3
  • 67
    • 84977514600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vapors of US and EU market leader electronic cigarette brands and liquids are cytotoxic for human vascular endothelial cells
    • Putzhammer R, Doppler C, Jakshcitz T, et al. Vapors of US and EU market leader electronic cigarette brands and liquids are cytotoxic for human vascular endothelial cells. PLoS One 2016; 11: e0157337.
    • (2016) PLoS One , vol.11 , pp. e0157337
    • Putzhammer, R1    Doppler, C2    Jakshcitz, T3
  • 68
    • 84987880955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flavorings affect inhalation toxicity of aerosol generated from electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)
    • Suppl. 2
    • Leigh NJ, Lawton RI, Hershberger PA, et al. Flavorings affect inhalation toxicity of aerosol generated from electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). Tob Control 2016; 25: Suppl. 2, ii81-ii87.
    • (2016) Tob Control , vol.25 , pp. ii81-ii87
    • Leigh, NJ1    Lawton, RI2    Hershberger, PA3
  • 69
    • 85032703877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette aerosol exposure induces reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and cell death in vascular endothelial cells
    • Anderson C, Majeste A, Hanus J, et al. E-cigarette aerosol exposure induces reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and cell death in vascular endothelial cells. Toxicol Sci 2016; 154: 332-340.
    • (2016) Toxicol Sci , vol.154 , pp. 332-340
    • Anderson, C1    Majeste, A2    Hanus, J3
  • 70
    • 85021837215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flavored e-cigarette liquids reduce proliferation and viability in the CALU3 airway epithelial cell line
    • Rowell TR, Reeber SL, Lee SL, et al. Flavored e-cigarette liquids reduce proliferation and viability in the CALU3 airway epithelial cell line. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313: L52-L66.
    • (2017) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol , vol.313 , pp. L52-L66
    • Rowell, TR1    Reeber, SL2    Lee, SL3
  • 71
    • 85065042874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-nicotine electronic cigarette products: toxicity of JUUL fluids and aerosols correlates strongly with nicotine and some flavor chemical concentrations
    • Omaiye EE, McWhirter KJ, Luo W, et al. High-nicotine electronic cigarette products: toxicity of JUUL fluids and aerosols correlates strongly with nicotine and some flavor chemical concentrations. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32: 1058-1069.
    • (2019) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.32 , pp. 1058-1069
    • Omaiye, EE1    McWhirter, KJ2    Luo, W3
  • 72
    • 85062147095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of cytotoxic flavor chemicals in top-selling electronic cigarette refill fluids
    • Hua M, Omaiye EE, Luo W, et al. Identification of cytotoxic flavor chemicals in top-selling electronic cigarette refill fluids. Sci Rep 2019; 9: 2782.
    • (2019) Sci Rep , vol.9 , pp. 2782
    • Hua, M1    Omaiye, EE2    Luo, W3
  • 73
    • 85085609575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro toxicity and chemical characterization of aerosol derived from electronic cigarette humectants using a newly developed exposure system
    • Escobar Y-NH, Nipp G, Cui T, et al. In vitro toxicity and chemical characterization of aerosol derived from electronic cigarette humectants using a newly developed exposure system. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33: 1677-1688.
    • (2020) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.33 , pp. 1677-1688
    • Escobar, Y-NH1    Nipp, G2    Cui, T3
  • 74
    • 85045518842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms and consequences of oxidative stress in lung disease: therapeutic implications for an ageing populace
    • Hecker L. Mechanisms and consequences of oxidative stress in lung disease: therapeutic implications for an ageing populace. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314: L642-L653.
    • (2018) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol , vol.314 , pp. L642-L653
    • Hecker, L.1
  • 75
    • 84927549632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of e-cigarette liquid vapor and mainstream cigarette smoke after direct exposure of primary human bronchial epithelial cells
    • Scheffler S, Dieken H, Krischenowski O, et al. Evaluation of e-cigarette liquid vapor and mainstream cigarette smoke after direct exposure of primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015; 12: 3915-3925.
    • (2015) Int J Environ Res Public Health , vol.12 , pp. 3915-3925
    • Scheffler, S1    Dieken, H2    Krischenowski, O3
  • 76
    • 84937404195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial disruptive proinflammatory effects of nicotine and e-cigarette vapor exposures
    • Schweitzer KS, Chen SX, Law S, et al. Endothelial disruptive proinflammatory effects of nicotine and e-cigarette vapor exposures. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309: L175-L187.
    • (2015) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol , vol.309 , pp. L175-L187
    • Schweitzer, KS1    Chen, SX2    Law, S3
  • 77
    • 85048080312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic inhalation of e-cigarette vapor containing nicotine disrupts airway barrier function and induces systemic inflammation and multiorgan fibrosis in mice
    • Crotty Alexander LEC, Drummond CA, Hepokoski M, et al. Chronic inhalation of e-cigarette vapor containing nicotine disrupts airway barrier function and induces systemic inflammation and multiorgan fibrosis in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 314: R834-R847.
    • (2018) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , vol.314 , pp. R834-R847
    • Crotty Alexander, LEC1    Drummond, CA2    Hepokoski, M3
  • 78
    • 84922717584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vapors produced by electronic cigarettes and e-juices with flavorings induce toxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in lung epithelial cells and in mouse lung
    • Lerner CA, Sundar IK, Yao H, et al. Vapors produced by electronic cigarettes and e-juices with flavorings induce toxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in lung epithelial cells and in mouse lung. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0116732.
    • (2015) PLoS One , vol.10 , pp. e0116732
    • Lerner, CA1    Sundar, IK2    Yao, H3
  • 79
    • 84971413393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of electronic cigarette aerosol and its induction of oxidative stress response in oral keratinocytes
    • Ji EH, Sun B, Zhao T, et al. Characterization of electronic cigarette aerosol and its induction of oxidative stress response in oral keratinocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11: e0154447.
    • (2016) PLoS One , vol.11 , pp. e0154447
    • Ji, EH1    Sun, B2    Zhao, T3
  • 80
    • 85021781745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of electronic cigarette aerosol exposure on inflammation and lung function in mice
    • Larcombe AN, Janka MA, Mullins BJ, et al. The effects of electronic cigarette aerosol exposure on inflammation and lung function in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313: L67-L79.
    • (2017) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol , vol.313 , pp. L67-L79
    • Larcombe, AN1    Janka, MA2    Mullins, BJ3
  • 81
    • 85070023911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute exposure to e-cigarettes causes inflammation and pulmonary endothelial oxidative stress in nonsmoking, healthy young subjects
    • Chatterjee Shampa, Tao Jian-Qin, Johncola Alyssa, et al. Acute exposure to e-cigarettes causes inflammation and pulmonary endothelial oxidative stress in nonsmoking, healthy young subjects. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317: L155-L166.
    • (2019) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol , vol.317 , pp. L155-L166
    • Shampa, Chatterjee1    Jian-Qin, Tao2    Alyssa, Johncola3
  • 82
    • 85040450580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory and oxidative responses induced by exposure to commonly used e-cigarette flavoring chemicals and flavored e-liquids without nicotine
    • Muthumalage T, Prinz M, Ansah KO, et al. Inflammatory and oxidative responses induced by exposure to commonly used e-cigarette flavoring chemicals and flavored e-liquids without nicotine. Front Physiol 2018; 8: 1130.
    • (2018) Front Physiol , vol.8 , pp. 1130
    • Muthumalage, T1    Prinz, M2    Ansah, KO3
  • 83
    • 85052400144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pro-inflammatory effects of e-cigarette vapor condensate on human alveolar macrophages
    • Scott A, Lugg ST, Aldridge K, et al. Pro-inflammatory effects of e-cigarette vapor condensate on human alveolar macrophages. Thorax 2018; 73: 1161-1169.
    • (2018) Thorax , vol.73 , pp. 1161-1169
    • Scott, A1    Lugg, ST2    Aldridge, K3
  • 84
    • 84907217555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarette liquid increases inflammation and virus infection in primary human airway epithelial cells
    • Wu Q, Jiang D, Minor M, et al. Electronic cigarette liquid increases inflammation and virus infection in primary human airway epithelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9: e108342.
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9 , pp. e108342
    • Wu, Q1    Jiang, D2    Minor, M3
  • 85
    • 84955239575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarette inhalation alters innate immunity and airway cytokines while increasing the virulence of colonizing bacteria
    • Hwang JH, Lyes M, Sladewski K, et al. Electronic cigarette inhalation alters innate immunity and airway cytokines while increasing the virulence of colonizing bacteria. J Mol Med 2016; 94: 667-679.
    • (2016) J Mol Med , vol.94 , pp. 667-679
    • Hwang, JH1    Lyes, M2    Sladewski, K3
  • 86
    • 84922390937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to electronic cigarettes impairs pulmonary anti-bacterial and anti-viral defenses in a mouse model
    • Sussan TE, Gajghate S, Thimmulappa RK, et al. Exposure to electronic cigarettes impairs pulmonary anti-bacterial and anti-viral defenses in a mouse model. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0116861.
    • (2015) PLoS One , vol.10 , pp. e0116861
    • Sussan, TE1    Gajghate, S2    Thimmulappa, RK3
  • 87
    • 85076850130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarette vapour increases virulence and inflammatory potential of respiratory pathogens
    • Gilpin DF, McGown K-A, Gallagher K, et al. Electronic cigarette vapour increases virulence and inflammatory potential of respiratory pathogens. Respir Res 2019; 20: 267.
    • (2019) Respir Res , vol.20 , pp. 267
    • Gilpin, DF1    McGown, K-A2    Gallagher, K3
  • 88
    • 85079223520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarettes: effects in phagocytosis and cytokines response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    • Gómez A-C, Rodríguez-Fernández P, Villar-Hernández R, et al. E-cigarettes: effects in phagocytosis and cytokines response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS One 2020; 15: e0228919..
    • (2020) PLoS One , vol.15 , pp. e0228919
    • Gómez, A-C1    Rodríguez-Fernández, P2    Villar-Hernández, R3
  • 89
    • 85072791194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarettes disrupt lung lipid homeostasis and innate immunity independent of nicotine
    • Madison M, Landers C, Gu B-H, et al. Electronic cigarettes disrupt lung lipid homeostasis and innate immunity independent of nicotine. J Clin Invest 2019; 129: 4290-4304.
    • (2019) J Clin Invest , vol.129 , pp. 4290-4304
    • Madison, M1    Landers, C2    Gu, B-H3
  • 90
    • 85045213219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette use causes a unique innate immune response in the lung involving increased neutrophilic activation and altered mucin secretion
    • Reidel B, Radicioni G, Clapp P, et al. E-cigarette use causes a unique innate immune response in the lung involving increased neutrophilic activation and altered mucin secretion. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 197: 492-501.
    • (2018) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.197 , pp. 492-501
    • Reidel, B1    Radicioni, G2    Clapp, P3
  • 91
    • 84984652751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic electronic cigarette exposure in mice induces features of COPD in a nicotine-dependent manner
    • Garcia-Arcos I, Geraghty P, Baumlin N, et al. Chronic electronic cigarette exposure in mice induces features of COPD in a nicotine-dependent manner. Thorax 2016; 71: 1119-1129.
    • (2016) Thorax , vol.71 , pp. 1119-1129
    • Garcia-Arcos, I1    Geraghty, P2    Baumlin, N3
  • 92
    • 85047871949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic e-cigarette exposure alters the human bronchial epithelial proteome
    • Ghosh A, Coakley RC, Masscenik T, et al. Chronic e-cigarette exposure alters the human bronchial epithelial proteome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 198: 67-76.
    • (2018) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.198 , pp. 67-76
    • Ghosh, A1    Coakley, RC2    Masscenik, T3
  • 93
    • 85061978627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cinnamaldehyde in flavored e-cigarette liquids temporarily suppresses bronchial epithelial cell ciliary motility by dysregulation of mitochondrial function
    • Clapp PW, Lavrich KS, van Heusden CA, et al. Cinnamaldehyde in flavored e-cigarette liquids temporarily suppresses bronchial epithelial cell ciliary motility by dysregulation of mitochondrial function. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316: L470-L486.
    • (2019) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol , vol.316 , pp. L470-L486
    • Clapp, PW1    Lavrich, KS2    van Heusden, CA3
  • 94
    • 85066507578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common e-cigarette flavoring chemicals impair neutrophil phagocytosis and oxidative burst
    • Hickman E, Herrera CA, Jaspers I. Common e-cigarette flavoring chemicals impair neutrophil phagocytosis and oxidative burst. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32: 982-985.
    • (2019) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.32 , pp. 982-985
    • Hickman, E1    Herrera, CA2    Jaspers, I.3
  • 95
    • 85077666547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette use increases susceptibility to bacterial infection by impairment of human neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and NET formation
    • Corriden R, Moshensky A, Bojanowski C, et al. E-cigarette use increases susceptibility to bacterial infection by impairment of human neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and NET formation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318: C205-C214.
    • (2020) Am J Physiol Cell Physiol , vol.318 , pp. C205-C214
    • Corriden, R1    Moshensky, A2    Bojanowski, C3
  • 96
    • 85075705125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic e-cigarette use increases neutrophil elastase and matrix metalloprotease levels in the lung
    • Ghosh A, Coakley RD, Ghio AJ, et al. Chronic e-cigarette use increases neutrophil elastase and matrix metalloprotease levels in the lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 200: 1392-1401.
    • (2019) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.200 , pp. 1392-1401
    • Ghosh, A1    Coakley, RD2    Ghio, AJ3
  • 97
    • 84977578845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarette exposure triggers neutrophil inflammatory responses
    • Higham A, Rattray NJW, Dewhurst JA, et al. Electronic cigarette exposure triggers neutrophil inflammatory responses. Respir Res 2016; 17: 56.
    • (2016) Respir Res , vol.17 , pp. 56
    • Higham, A1    Rattray, NJW2    Dewhurst, JA3
  • 98
    • 85026742913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flavored e-cigarette liquids and cinnamaldehyde impair respiratory innate immune cell function
    • Clapp P, Pawlak E, Lackey J, et al. Flavored e-cigarette liquids and cinnamaldehyde impair respiratory innate immune cell function. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313: L278-L292.
    • (2017) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol , vol.313 , pp. L278-L292
    • Clapp, P1    Pawlak, E2    Lackey, J3
  • 99
    • 84962388369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarettes induce DNA strand breaks and cell death independently of nicotine in cell lines
    • Yu V, Rahimy M, Korrapati A, et al. Electronic cigarettes induce DNA strand breaks and cell death independently of nicotine in cell lines. Oral Oncol 2016; 52: 58-65.
    • (2016) Oral Oncol , vol.52 , pp. 58-65
    • Yu, V1    Rahimy, M2    Korrapati, A3
  • 100
    • 84984633312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette use results in suppression of immune and inflammatory-response genes in nasal epithelial cells similar to cigarette smoke
    • Martin EM, Clapp PW, Rebuli ME, et al. E-cigarette use results in suppression of immune and inflammatory-response genes in nasal epithelial cells similar to cigarette smoke. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311: L135-L144.
    • (2016) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol , vol.311 , pp. L135-L144
    • Martin, EM1    Clapp, PW2    Rebuli, ME3
  • 101
    • 85014409239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular impact of electronic cigarette aerosol exposure in human bronchial epithelium
    • Moses E, Wang T, Corbett S, et al. Molecular impact of electronic cigarette aerosol exposure in human bronchial epithelium. Toxicol Sci 2017; 155: 248-257.
    • (2017) Toxicol Sci , vol.155 , pp. 248-257
    • Moses, E1    Wang, T2    Corbett, S3
  • 102
    • 85019380611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarette aerosols suppress antioxidant defenses and induce significant oxidative DNA damage
    • Ganapathy V, Manyanga J, Brame L, et al. Electronic cigarette aerosols suppress antioxidant defenses and induce significant oxidative DNA damage. PLoS One 2017; 12: e0177780.
    • (2017) PLoS One , vol.12 , pp. e0177780
    • Ganapathy, V1    Manyanga, J2    Brame, L3
  • 103
    • 85076473985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette flavored pods induce inflammation, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and DNA damage in lung epithelial cells and monocytes
    • Muthumalage T, Lamb T, Friedman M, et al. E-cigarette flavored pods induce inflammation, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and DNA damage in lung epithelial cells and monocytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9: 19035.
    • (2019) Sci Rep , vol.9 , pp. 19035
    • Muthumalage, T1    Lamb, T2    Friedman, M3
  • 104
    • 85041946383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette smoke damages DNA and reduces repair activity in mouse lung, heart, and bladder as well as in human lung and bladder cells
    • Lee H-W, Park S-H, Weng M-W, et al. E-cigarette smoke damages DNA and reduces repair activity in mouse lung, heart, and bladder as well as in human lung and bladder cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2018; 115: E1560-E1569.
    • (2018) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.115 , pp. E1560-E1569
    • Lee, H-W1    Park, S-H2    Weng, M-W3
  • 105
    • 85061386050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deregulation of biologically significant genes and associated molecular pathways in the oral epithelium of electronic cigarette users
    • Tommasi S, Caliri AW, Caceres A, et al. Deregulation of biologically significant genes and associated molecular pathways in the oral epithelium of electronic cigarette users. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20: 738.
    • (2019) Int J Mol Sci , vol.20 , pp. 738
    • Tommasi, S1    Caliri, AW2    Caceres, A3
  • 106
    • 85079075059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers of exposure and effect in the lungs of smokers, nonsmokers, and electronic cigarette users
    • Song M-A, Freudenheim JL, Brasky TM, et al. Biomarkers of exposure and effect in the lungs of smokers, nonsmokers, and electronic cigarette users. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29: 443-451.
    • (2020) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.29 , pp. 443-451
    • Song, M-A1    Freudenheim, JL2    Brasky, TM3
  • 108
    • 85056655102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reply to Shields et al.: electronic cigarettes and the lung proteome
    • Tarran R, Ghosh A, Alexis N. Reply to Shields et al.: electronic cigarettes and the lung proteome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 198: 1351-1352.
    • (2018) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.198 , pp. 1351-1352
    • Tarran, R1    Ghosh, A2    Alexis, N.3
  • 109
    • 85081694092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment on “E-cigarette use increases susceptibility to bacterial infection by impairment of human neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and NET formation
    • Jasper AE, Sapey E, Thickett D, et al. Comment on “E-cigarette use increases susceptibility to bacterial infection by impairment of human neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and NET formation”. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318: C704-C705.
    • (2020) Am J Physiol Cell Physiol , vol.318 , pp. C704-C705
    • Jasper, AE1    Sapey, E2    Thickett, D3
  • 110
    • 85081673191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reply to Letter to the Editor: “Comment on 'E-cigarette use increases susceptibility to bacterial infection by impairment of human neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and NET formation'
    • Crotty Alexander LE, Meier A. Reply to Letter to the Editor: “Comment on 'E-cigarette use increases susceptibility to bacterial infection by impairment of human neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and NET formation'”. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318: C706.
    • (2020) Am J Physiol Cell Physiol , vol.318 , pp. C706
    • Crotty Alexander, LE1    Meier, A.2
  • 111
    • 84958653298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cherry-flavored electronic cigarettes expose users to the inhalation irritant, benzaldehyde
    • Kosmider L, Sobczak A, Prokopowicz A, et al. Cherry-flavored electronic cigarettes expose users to the inhalation irritant, benzaldehyde. Thorax 2016; 71: 376-377.
    • (2016) Thorax , vol.71 , pp. 376-377
    • Kosmider, L1    Sobczak, A2    Prokopowicz, A3
  • 112
    • 31844443695 scopus 로고
    • The environment and disease: association or causation?
    • Hill AB. The environment and disease: association or causation? Proc R Soc Med 1965; 58: 295-300.
    • (1965) Proc R Soc Med , vol.58 , pp. 295-300
    • Hill, AB.1
  • 113
    • 85045006911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The C-word: scientific euphemisms do not improve causal inference from observational data
    • Hernán MA. The C-word: scientific euphemisms do not improve causal inference from observational data. Am J Public Health 2018; 108: 616-619.
    • (2018) Am J Public Health , vol.108 , pp. 616-619
    • Hernán, MA.1
  • 114
    • 80051691874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicology and epidemiology: improving the science with a framework for combining toxicological and epidemiological evidence to establish causal inference
    • Adami H-O, Berry CL, Breckenridge CB, et al. Toxicology and epidemiology: improving the science with a framework for combining toxicological and epidemiological evidence to establish causal inference. Toxicol Sci 2011; 122: 233-234.
    • (2011) Toxicol Sci , vol.122 , pp. 233-234
    • Adami, H-O1    Berry, CL2    Breckenridge, CB3
  • 115
    • 84942918965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applying the Bradford Hill criteria in the 21st century: how data integration has changed causal inference in molecular epidemiology
    • Fedak KM, Bernal A, Capshaw ZA, et al. Applying the Bradford Hill criteria in the 21st century: how data integration has changed causal inference in molecular epidemiology. Emerg Themes Epidemiol 2015; 12: 14.
    • (2015) Emerg Themes Epidemiol , vol.12 , pp. 14
    • Fedak, KM1    Bernal, A2    Capshaw, ZA3
  • 116
    • 77951062422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How big is a big odds ratio? Interpreting the magnitudes of odds ratios in epidemiological studies
    • Chen H, Cohen P, Chen S. How big is a big odds ratio? Interpreting the magnitudes of odds ratios in epidemiological studies. Comm Stat Simul Comput 2010; 39: 860-864.
    • (2010) Comm Stat Simul Comput , vol.39 , pp. 860-864
    • Chen, H1    Cohen, P2    Chen, S.3
  • 117
    • 85076083959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical presentation, treatment, and short-term outcomes of lung injury associated with e-cigarettes or vaping: a prospective observational cohort study
    • Blagev DP, Harris D, Dunn AC, et al. Clinical presentation, treatment, and short-term outcomes of lung injury associated with e-cigarettes or vaping: a prospective observational cohort study. Lancet 2019; 394: 2073-2083.
    • (2019) Lancet , vol.394 , pp. 2073-2083
    • Blagev, DP1    Harris, D2    Dunn, AC3
  • 118
    • 85081087816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary illness related to e-cigarette use in Illinois and Wisconsin - final report
    • Layden JE, Ghinai I, Pray I, et al. Pulmonary illness related to e-cigarette use in Illinois and Wisconsin - final report. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 903-916.
    • (2020) N Engl J Med , vol.382 , pp. 903-916
    • Layden, JE1    Ghinai, I2    Pray, I3
  • 119
    • 85072917119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette product use, or vaping, among persons with associated lung injury - Illinois and Wisconsin, April-September 2019
    • Ghinai I, Pray IW, Navon L, et al. E-cigarette product use, or vaping, among persons with associated lung injury - Illinois and Wisconsin, April-September 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019; 68: 865-869.
    • (2019) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.68 , pp. 865-869
    • Ghinai, I1    Pray, IW2    Navon, L3
  • 120
    • 85075315189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (EVALI): case series and diagnostic approach
    • Kalininskiy A, Bach CT, Nacca NE, et al. E-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (EVALI): case series and diagnostic approach. Lancet Respir Med 2019; 7: 1017-1026.
    • (2019) Lancet Respir Med , vol.7 , pp. 1017-1026
    • Kalininskiy, A1    Bach, CT2    Nacca, NE3
  • 122
    • 85078560082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update: characteristics of a national outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury, United States, August 2019-January 2020
    • Krishnasamy VP, Hallowell BD, Ko JY, et al. Update: characteristics of a national outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury, United States, August 2019-January 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69: 90-94.
    • (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.69 , pp. 90-94
    • Krishnasamy, VP1    Hallowell, BD2    Ko, JY3
  • 123
    • 85079271657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E acetate in bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid associated with EVALI
    • Blount BC, Karwowski MP, Shields PG, et al. Vitamin E acetate in bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid associated with EVALI. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 697-705.
    • (2020) N Engl J Med , vol.382 , pp. 697-705
    • Blount, BC1    Karwowski, MP2    Shields, PG3
  • 124
    • 85082099124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An animal model of inhaled vitamin E acetate and EVALI-like lung injury
    • Bhat TA, Kalathil SG, Bogner PN, et al. An animal model of inhaled vitamin E acetate and EVALI-like lung injury. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 1175-1177.
    • (2020) N Engl J Med , vol.382 , pp. 1175-1177
    • Bhat, TA1    Kalathil, SG2    Bogner, PN3
  • 125
    • 85078561795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of persons who report using only nicotine-containing products among interviewed patients with e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury - Illinois, August-December 2019
    • Ghinai I, Navon L, Gunn JKL, et al. Characteristics of persons who report using only nicotine-containing products among interviewed patients with e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury - Illinois, August-December 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69: 84-89.
    • (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.69 , pp. 84-89
    • Ghinai, I1    Navon, L2    Gunn, JKL3
  • 126
    • 85089408894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury: developing a research agenda. An NIH workshop report
    • Crotty Alexander LE, Ware L, Calfee C, et al. E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury: developing a research agenda. An NIH workshop report. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202: 795-802.
    • (2020) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.202 , pp. 795-802
    • Crotty Alexander, LE1    Ware, L2    Calfee, C3
  • 127
    • 85079208961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary toxicity and the pathophysiology of electronic cigarette, or vaping product, use associated lung injury
    • Chand HS, Muthumalage T, Maziak W, et al. Pulmonary toxicity and the pathophysiology of electronic cigarette, or vaping product, use associated lung injury. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10: 1619.
    • (2020) Front Pharmacol , vol.10 , pp. 1619
    • Chand, HS1    Muthumalage, T2    Maziak, W3
  • 128
    • 85085905348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What are the mechanisms underlying vaping-induced lung injury?
    • Crotty Alexander LE, Bellinghausen AL, Eakin MN. What are the mechanisms underlying vaping-induced lung injury? J Clin Invest 2020; 130: 2754-2756.
    • (2020) J Clin Invest , vol.130 , pp. 2754-2756
    • Crotty Alexander, LE1    Bellinghausen, AL2    Eakin, MN.3
  • 129
    • 85083545176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are electronic cigarette users at risk for lipid-mediated lung injury?
    • Eissenberg T, Maziak W. Are electronic cigarette users at risk for lipid-mediated lung injury? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201: 1012-1013.
    • (2020) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.201 , pp. 1012-1013
    • Eissenberg, T1    Maziak, W.2
  • 130
    • 85065014217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fourth-generation e-cigarette vaping induces transient lung inflammation and gas exchange disturbances: results from two randomized clinical trials
    • Chaumont M, van de Borne P, Bernard A, et al. Fourth-generation e-cigarette vaping induces transient lung inflammation and gas exchange disturbances: results from two randomized clinical trials. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316: L705-L719.
    • (2019) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol , vol.316 , pp. L705-L719
    • Chaumont, M1    van de Borne, P2    Bernard, A3
  • 131
    • 85069726908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flavor-solvent reaction products and menthol in JUUL e-cigarettes and aerosol
    • Erythropel HC, Davis LM, de Winter TM, et al. Flavor-solvent reaction products and menthol in JUUL e-cigarettes and aerosol. Am J Prev Med 2019; 57: 425-427.
    • (2019) Am J Prev Med , vol.57 , pp. 425-427
    • Erythropel, HC1    Davis, LM2    de Winter, TM3
  • 132
    • 85043763900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying population-level benefits and harms of e-cigarette use in the United States
    • Soneji SS, Sung H-Y, Primack BA, et al. Quantifying population-level benefits and harms of e-cigarette use in the United States. PLoS One 2018; 13: e0193328.
    • (2018) PLoS One , vol.13 , pp. e0193328
    • Soneji, SS1    Sung, H-Y2    Primack, BA3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.