메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 94, Issue 6, 2016, Pages 667-679

Electronic cigarette inhalation alters innate immunity and airway cytokines while increasing the virulence of colonizing bacteria

Author keywords

Antimicrobial peptide LL 37; Cytotoxicity; E cigarette vapor; Inflammatory lung disease; MRSA pneumonia; Staphylococcal virulence

Indexed keywords

ACUTE PHASE PROTEIN; CATHELICIDIN ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE LL 37; CYTOKINE; ANTIMICROBIAL CATIONIC PEPTIDE; CAP18 LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-BINDING PROTEIN;

EID: 84955239575     PISSN: 09462716     EISSN: 14321440     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1378-3     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (209)

References (51)
  • 1
    • 84971639395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notes from the field: electronic cigarette use among middle and high school students—United States, 2011-2012 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    • King BA (2013) Notes from the field: electronic cigarette use among middle and high school students—United States, 2011-2012 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, pp. 729–730.
    • (2013) Atlanta , pp. 729-730
    • King, B.A.1
  • 2
    • 84901682934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarettes in Canada: prevalence of use and perceptions among youth and young adults
    • PID: 24886856
    • Czoli CD, Hammond D, White CM (2014) Electronic cigarettes in Canada: prevalence of use and perceptions among youth and young adults. Can J Public Health Revue Canadienne de Sante Publique 105:e97–e102
    • (2014) Can J Public Health Revue Canadienne de Sante Publique , vol.105 , pp. e97-e102
    • Czoli, C.D.1    Hammond, D.2    White, C.M.3
  • 3
    • 85028246137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Awareness and determinants of electronic cigarette use among Finnish adolescents in 2013: a population-based study
    • PID: 24827977
    • Kinnunen JM, Ollila H, El-Amin SE, Pere LA, Lindfors PL, Rimpela AH (2014) Awareness and determinants of electronic cigarette use among Finnish adolescents in 2013: a population-based study. Tob Control. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051512
    • (2014) Tob Control
    • Kinnunen, J.M.1    Ollila, H.2    El-Amin, S.E.3    Pere, L.A.4    Lindfors, P.L.5    Rimpela, A.H.6
  • 4
    • 84901619236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarette use among Korean adolescents: a cross-sectional study of market penetration, dual use, and relationship to quit attempts and former smoking
    • Lee S, Grana RA, Glantz SA (2014) Electronic cigarette use among Korean adolescents: a cross-sectional study of market penetration, dual use, and relationship to quit attempts and former smoking. J Adolesc Health: Off Publ Soc Adolesc Med 54:684–690
    • (2014) J Adolesc Health: Off Publ Soc Adolesc Med , vol.54 , pp. 684-690
    • Lee, S.1    Grana, R.A.2    Glantz, S.A.3
  • 7
    • 84871403062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic nicotine delivery systems: adult use and awareness of the 'e-cigarette' in the USA
    • PID: 22034071
    • Regan AK, Promoff G, Dube SR, Arrazola R (2013) Electronic nicotine delivery systems: adult use and awareness of the 'e-cigarette' in the USA. Tob Control 22:19–23
    • (2013) Tob Control , vol.22 , pp. 19-23
    • Regan, A.K.1    Promoff, G.2    Dube, S.R.3    Arrazola, R.4
  • 8
    • 84897569974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and characteristics of e-cigarette users in Great Britain: findings from a general population survey of smokers
    • PID: 24679611
    • Brown J, West R, Beard E, Michie S, Shahab L, McNeill A (2014) Prevalence and characteristics of e-cigarette users in Great Britain: findings from a general population survey of smokers. Addict Behav 39:1120–1125
    • (2014) Addict Behav , vol.39 , pp. 1120-1125
    • Brown, J.1    West, R.2    Beard, E.3    Michie, S.4    Shahab, L.5    McNeill, A.6
  • 9
    • 84877673105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Vaping' profiles and preferences: an online survey of electronic cigarette users
    • PID: 23551515
    • Dawkins L, Turner J, Roberts A, Soar K (2013) 'Vaping' profiles and preferences: an online survey of electronic cigarette users. Addiction 108:1115–1125
    • (2013) Addiction , vol.108 , pp. 1115-1125
    • Dawkins, L.1    Turner, J.2    Roberts, A.3    Soar, K.4
  • 12
    • 68049137069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus infection
    • PID: 19190527
    • Liu GY (2009) Molecular pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus infection. Pediatr Res 65:71R–77R
    • (2009) Pediatr Res , vol.65 , pp. 71R-77R
    • Liu, G.Y.1
  • 14
    • 84946605872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory diseases of the lung induced by conventional cigarette smoke: a review
    • Crotty Alexander LE, Shin S, Hwang JH (2015) Inflammatory diseases of the lung induced by conventional cigarette smoke: a review. Chest. doi:10.1378/chest.15-0409
    • (2015) Chest
    • Crotty Alexander, L.E.1    Shin, S.2    Hwang, J.H.3
  • 15
    • 0032531145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the A549 cell line as a type II pulmonary epithelial cell model for drug metabolism
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmtlClsrY%3D, PID: 9743595
    • Foster KA, Oster CG, Mayer MM, Avery ML, Audus KL (1998) Characterization of the A549 cell line as a type II pulmonary epithelial cell model for drug metabolism. Exp Cell Res 243:359–366
    • (1998) Exp Cell Res , vol.243 , pp. 359-366
    • Foster, K.A.1    Oster, C.G.2    Mayer, M.M.3    Avery, M.L.4    Audus, K.L.5
  • 16
    • 40549109577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic and clinical aspects of non-neuronal acetylcholine: biological and clinical significance of non-canonical ligands of epithelial nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXivFeit7w%3D, PID: 18285656
    • Grando SA (2008) Basic and clinical aspects of non-neuronal acetylcholine: biological and clinical significance of non-canonical ligands of epithelial nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J Pharmacol Sci 106:174–179
    • (2008) J Pharmacol Sci , vol.106 , pp. 174-179
    • Grando, S.A.1
  • 18
    • 79957817724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotinic acid receptor abnormalities in human skin cancer: implications for a role in epidermal differentiation
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXntFWksLo%3D, PID: 21655214
    • Bermudez Y, Benavente CA, Meyer RG, Coyle WR, Jacobson MK, Jacobson EL (2011) Nicotinic acid receptor abnormalities in human skin cancer: implications for a role in epidermal differentiation. PLoS ONE 6, e20487. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020487
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6
    • Bermudez, Y.1    Benavente, C.A.2    Meyer, R.G.3    Coyle, W.R.4    Jacobson, M.K.5    Jacobson, E.L.6
  • 19
    • 78649763600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TTF-1 regulates alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits in proximal and distal lung epithelium
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhs1amsb%2FN, PID: 21143907
    • Reynolds PR, Allison CH, Willnauer CP (2010) TTF-1 regulates alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits in proximal and distal lung epithelium. Respir Res 11:175
    • (2010) Respir Res , vol.11 , pp. 175
    • Reynolds, P.R.1    Allison, C.H.2    Willnauer, C.P.3
  • 20
    • 84905372927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • alpha5 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mediates nicotine-induced HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression in non-small cell lung cancer
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXotVaku74%3D, PID: 24793809
    • Ma X, Jia Y, Zu S, Li R, Zhao Y, Xiao D, Dang N, Wang Y (2014) alpha5 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mediates nicotine-induced HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 278:172–179
    • (2014) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.278 , pp. 172-179
    • Ma, X.1    Jia, Y.2    Zu, S.3    Li, R.4    Zhao, Y.5    Xiao, D.6    Dang, N.7    Wang, Y.8
  • 21
    • 84896708366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of acrolein, nicotine, acetylaldehyde and cigarette smoke extract on human nasal epithelial cells
    • PID: 24581246
    • Comer DM, Elborn JS, Ennis M (2014) Inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of acrolein, nicotine, acetylaldehyde and cigarette smoke extract on human nasal epithelial cells. BMC Pulm Med 14:32
    • (2014) BMC Pulm Med , vol.14 , pp. 32
    • Comer, D.M.1    Elborn, J.S.2    Ennis, M.3
  • 22
    • 78049448430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cigarette smoke extract and nicotine on bronchial tone and acetylcholine-induced airway contraction in mouse lung slices
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtVykt7vJ, PID: 20815310
    • Streck E, Jorres RA, Huber RM, Bergner A (2010) Effects of cigarette smoke extract and nicotine on bronchial tone and acetylcholine-induced airway contraction in mouse lung slices. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 20:324–330
    • (2010) J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol , vol.20 , pp. 324-330
    • Streck, E.1    Jorres, R.A.2    Huber, R.M.3    Bergner, A.4
  • 23
    • 84902254845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Staphylococcus aureus nasal isolates from healthy individuals cause highly variable host cell responses in vitro: the Tromso Staph and Skin Study
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXkt12is7w%3D, PID: 24115641
    • Askarian F, Sangvik M, Hanssen AM, Snipen L, Sollid JU, Johannessen M (2014) Staphylococcus aureus nasal isolates from healthy individuals cause highly variable host cell responses in vitro: the Tromso Staph and Skin Study. Pathog Dis 70:158–166
    • (2014) Pathog Dis , vol.70 , pp. 158-166
    • Askarian, F.1    Sangvik, M.2    Hanssen, A.M.3    Snipen, L.4    Sollid, J.U.5    Johannessen, M.6
  • 24
    • 29744450125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epstein-Barr-virus-encoded LMP2A induces primary epithelial cell migration and invasion: possible role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhslOgug%3D%3D, PID: 16306614
    • Pegtel DM, Subramanian A, Sheen TS, Tsai CH, Golub TR, Thorley-Lawson DA (2005) Epstein-Barr-virus-encoded LMP2A induces primary epithelial cell migration and invasion: possible role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis. J Virol 79:15430–15442
    • (2005) J Virol , vol.79 , pp. 15430-15442
    • Pegtel, D.M.1    Subramanian, A.2    Sheen, T.S.3    Tsai, C.H.4    Golub, T.R.5    Thorley-Lawson, D.A.6
  • 25
    • 0031924889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutrophil priming: pathophysiological consequences and underlying mechanisms
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjslGlsb4%3D, PID: 9682667
    • Condliffe AM, Kitchen E, Chilvers ER (1998) Neutrophil priming: pathophysiological consequences and underlying mechanisms. Clin Sci 94:461–471
    • (1998) Clin Sci , vol.94 , pp. 461-471
    • Condliffe, A.M.1    Kitchen, E.2    Chilvers, E.R.3
  • 26
    • 0036791544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interrelationships among circulating interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors in women
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XnsVKrtr4%3D, PID: 12377747
    • Bermudez EA, Rifai N, Buring J, Manson JE, Ridker PM (2002) Interrelationships among circulating interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors in women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 22:1668–1673
    • (2002) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.22 , pp. 1668-1673
    • Bermudez, E.A.1    Rifai, N.2    Buring, J.3    Manson, J.E.4    Ridker, P.M.5
  • 27
    • 0032720533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of C-reactive protein and cardiovascular risk factors in apparently healthy men
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXnvVGmsrg%3D, PID: 10569656
    • Rohde LE, Hennekens CH, Ridker PM (1999) Survey of C-reactive protein and cardiovascular risk factors in apparently healthy men. Am J Cardiol 84:1018–1022
    • (1999) Am J Cardiol , vol.84 , pp. 1018-1022
    • Rohde, L.E.1    Hennekens, C.H.2    Ridker, P.M.3
  • 28
    • 0020020965 scopus 로고
    • Hydrophobic interaction—a mechanism of bacterial binding
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL38XmtFamsr8%3D, PID: 6958029
    • Magnusson KE (1982) Hydrophobic interaction—a mechanism of bacterial binding. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl 33:32–36
    • (1982) Scand J Infect Dis Suppl , vol.33 , pp. 32-36
    • Magnusson, K.E.1
  • 29
    • 0019174557 scopus 로고
    • The hydrophobicity of bacteria—an important factor in their initial adhesion at the air-water interface
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL3M7lvFaktA%3D%3D, PID: 7212931
    • Dahlback B, Hermansson M, Kjelleberg S, Norkrans B (1981) The hydrophobicity of bacteria—an important factor in their initial adhesion at the air-water interface. Arch Microbiol 128:267–270
    • (1981) Arch Microbiol , vol.128 , pp. 267-270
    • Dahlback, B.1    Hermansson, M.2    Kjelleberg, S.3    Norkrans, B.4
  • 30
    • 77952896715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body site colonization in patients with community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and other types of S. aureus skin infections
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXmsFyjtr4%3D
    • Yang ES, Tan J, Eells S, Rieg G, Tagudar G, Miller LG (2010) Body site colonization in patients with community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and other types of S. aureus skin infections. Clin Microbiol Infect: Off Publ Eur Soc Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 16:425–431
    • (2010) Clin Microbiol Infect: Off Publ Eur Soc Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.16 , pp. 425-431
    • Yang, E.S.1    Tan, J.2    Eells, S.3    Rieg, G.4    Tagudar, G.5    Miller, L.G.6
  • 31
    • 57749088664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structures of human host defense cathelicidin LL-37 and its smallest antimicrobial peptide KR-12 in lipid micelles
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtlOjtLvN, PID: 18818205
    • Wang G (2008) Structures of human host defense cathelicidin LL-37 and its smallest antimicrobial peptide KR-12 in lipid micelles. J Biol Chem 283:32637–32643
    • (2008) J Biol Chem , vol.283 , pp. 32637-32643
    • Wang, G.1
  • 32
    • 33645765825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid headgroup discrimination by antimicrobial peptide LL-37: insight into mechanism of action
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xhslars7s%3D, PID: 16299073
    • Neville F, Cahuzac M, Konovalov O, Ishitsuka Y, Lee KY, Kuzmenko I, Kale GM, Gidalevitz D (2006) Lipid headgroup discrimination by antimicrobial peptide LL-37: insight into mechanism of action. Biophys J 90:1275–1287
    • (2006) Biophys J , vol.90 , pp. 1275-1287
    • Neville, F.1    Cahuzac, M.2    Konovalov, O.3    Ishitsuka, Y.4    Lee, K.Y.5    Kuzmenko, I.6    Kale, G.M.7    Gidalevitz, D.8
  • 33
    • 33947718823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrochemical screening of anti-microbial peptide LL-37 interaction with phospholipids
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXjvFGmuro%3D, PID: 16949887
    • Neville F, Gidalevitz D, Kale G, Nelson A (2007) Electrochemical screening of anti-microbial peptide LL-37 interaction with phospholipids. Bioelectrochemistry 70:205–213
    • (2007) Bioelectrochemistry , vol.70 , pp. 205-213
    • Neville, F.1    Gidalevitz, D.2    Kale, G.3    Nelson, A.4
  • 36
    • 35348984584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new approach to the toxicity testing of carbon-based nanomaterials—the clonogenic assay
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXht1anurbJ, PID: 17920791
    • Herzog E, Casey A, Lyng FM, Chambers G, Byrne HJ, Davoren M (2007) A new approach to the toxicity testing of carbon-based nanomaterials—the clonogenic assay. Toxicol Lett 174:49–60
    • (2007) Toxicol Lett , vol.174 , pp. 49-60
    • Herzog, E.1    Casey, A.2    Lyng, F.M.3    Chambers, G.4    Byrne, H.J.5    Davoren, M.6
  • 39
    • 0036884424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A blast from the past: clearance of apoptotic cells regulates immune responses
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XptFKnu7c%3D, PID: 12461569
    • Savill J, Dransfield I, Gregory C, Haslett C (2002) A blast from the past: clearance of apoptotic cells regulates immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2:965–975
    • (2002) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 965-975
    • Savill, J.1    Dransfield, I.2    Gregory, C.3    Haslett, C.4
  • 40
    • 84874263775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Necroptosis: the release of damage-associated molecular patterns and its physiological relevance
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXjtVeht7k%3D, PID: 23438821
    • Kaczmarek A, Vandenabeele P, Krysko DV (2013) Necroptosis: the release of damage-associated molecular patterns and its physiological relevance. Immunity 38:209–223
    • (2013) Immunity , vol.38 , pp. 209-223
    • Kaczmarek, A.1    Vandenabeele, P.2    Krysko, D.V.3
  • 41
    • 34347347039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous signals released from necrotic cells augment inflammatory responses to bacterial endotoxin
    • PID: 17568691
    • El Mezayen R, El Gazzar M, Seeds MC, McCall CE, Dreskin SC, Nicolls MR (2007) Endogenous signals released from necrotic cells augment inflammatory responses to bacterial endotoxin. Immunol Lett 111:36–44
    • (2007) Immunol Lett , vol.111 , pp. 36-44
    • El Mezayen, R.1    El Gazzar, M.2    Seeds, M.C.3    McCall, C.E.4    Dreskin, S.C.5    Nicolls, M.R.6
  • 42
    • 36248987180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 is released in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • PID: 18317529
    • Radsak MP, Taube C, Haselmayer P, Tenzer S, Salih HR, Wiewrodt R, Buhl R, Schild H (2007) Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 is released in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Dev Immunol 2007:52040
    • (2007) Clin Dev Immunol , vol.2007 , pp. 52040
    • Radsak, M.P.1    Taube, C.2    Haselmayer, P.3    Tenzer, S.4    Salih, H.R.5    Wiewrodt, R.6    Buhl, R.7    Schild, H.8
  • 44
    • 84929507209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 is a biomarker of anti-CCP-positive, early rheumatoid arthritis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXovVehsbo%3D
    • Molad Y, Ofer-Shiber S, Pokroy-Shapira E, Oren S, Shay-Aharoni H, Babai I (2015) Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 is a biomarker of anti-CCP-positive, early rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Clin Investig 45:557–564
    • (2015) Eur J Clin Investig , vol.45 , pp. 557-564
    • Molad, Y.1    Ofer-Shiber, S.2    Pokroy-Shapira, E.3    Oren, S.4    Shay-Aharoni, H.5    Babai, I.6
  • 46
    • 84907217555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarette liquid increases inflammation and virus infection in primary human airway epithelial cells
    • PID: 25244293
    • Wu Q, Jiang D, Minor M, Chu HW (2014) Electronic cigarette liquid increases inflammation and virus infection in primary human airway epithelial cells. PLoS ONE 9(9), e108342. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108342
    • (2014) PLoS ONE , vol.9 , Issue.9
    • Wu, Q.1    Jiang, D.2    Minor, M.3    Chu, H.W.4
  • 47
    • 77958121661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of coagulases towards Staphylococcus aureus disease and protective immunity
    • PID: 20700445
    • Cheng AG, McAdow M, Kim HK, Bae T, Missiakas DM, Schneewind O (2010) Contribution of coagulases towards Staphylococcus aureus disease and protective immunity. PLoS Pathog 6, e1001036. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001036
    • (2010) PLoS Pathog , vol.6
    • Cheng, A.G.1    McAdow, M.2    Kim, H.K.3    Bae, T.4    Missiakas, D.M.5    Schneewind, O.6
  • 49
    • 48749105757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of virulence in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pulsotypes USA300 and USA400 in a rat model of pneumonia
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtVCru7rN, PID: 18598194
    • Montgomery CP, Boyle-Vavra S, Adem PV, Lee JC, Husain AN, Clasen J, Daum RS (2008) Comparison of virulence in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pulsotypes USA300 and USA400 in a rat model of pneumonia. J Infect Dis 198:561–570
    • (2008) J Infect Dis , vol.198 , pp. 561-570
    • Montgomery, C.P.1    Boyle-Vavra, S.2    Adem, P.V.3    Lee, J.C.4    Husain, A.N.5    Clasen, J.6    Daum, R.S.7
  • 50
    • 0037006653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between Staphylococcus aureus strains carrying gene for Panton-Valentine leukocidin and highly lethal necrotising pneumonia in young immunocompetent patients
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XhvVWhtrw%3D, PID: 11888586
    • Gillet Y, Issartel B, Vanhems P, Fournet JC, Lina G, Bes M, Vandenesch F, Piemont Y, Brousse N, Floret D et al (2002) Association between Staphylococcus aureus strains carrying gene for Panton-Valentine leukocidin and highly lethal necrotising pneumonia in young immunocompetent patients. Lancet 359:753–759
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 753-759
    • Gillet, Y.1    Issartel, B.2    Vanhems, P.3    Fournet, J.C.4    Lina, G.5    Bes, M.6    Vandenesch, F.7    Piemont, Y.8    Brousse, N.9    Floret, D.10
  • 51
    • 77951257244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M1T1 group A streptococcal pili promote epithelial colonization but diminish systemic virulence through neutrophil extracellular entrapment
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXjs1Oks7g%3D, PID: 19960175
    • Crotty Alexander LE, Maisey HC, Timmer AM, Rooijakkers SH, Gallo RL, von Kockritz-Blickwede M, Nizet V (2010) M1T1 group A streptococcal pili promote epithelial colonization but diminish systemic virulence through neutrophil extracellular entrapment. J Mol Med 88:371–381
    • (2010) J Mol Med , vol.88 , pp. 371-381
    • Crotty Alexander, L.E.1    Maisey, H.C.2    Timmer, A.M.3    Rooijakkers, S.H.4    Gallo, R.L.5    von Kockritz-Blickwede, M.6    Nizet, V.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.