Flavourings significantly affect inhalation toxicity of aerosol generated from electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)

Tobacco Control

Volumn 25, Issue , 2016, Pages ii81-ii87

  Leigh, Noel J ^a   Lawton, Ralph I ^a   Hershberger, Pamela A ^a   Goniewicz, Maciej L ^a  

^a ROSWELL PARK CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FLAVORING AGENT; NICOTINE;

AEROSOL; BRONCHUS; CELL LINE; CELL SURVIVAL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CYTOLOGY; DRUG EFFECTS; ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE; EPITHELIUM CELL; HUMAN; INHALATIONAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY; PILOT STUDY; TOBACCO; TOXICITY;

ADMINISTRATION, INHALATION; AEROSOLS; BRONCHI; CELL LINE; CELL SURVIVAL; ELECTRONIC NICOTINE DELIVERY SYSTEMS; EPITHELIAL CELLS; FLAVORING AGENTS; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; HUMANS; NICOTINE; PILOT PROJECTS; TOBACCO PRODUCTS;

EID: 84987880955     PISSN: 09644563     EISSN: 14683318     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053205     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Grana R, Benowitz N, Glantz S. E-cigarettes a scientific review. Circulation 2014;129:1972–86.
2. Goniewicz ML, Knysak J, Gawron M, et al. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tob Control 2014;23:133–9.
3. Kosmider L, Sobczak A, Prokopowicz A, et al. Cherry-flavoured electronic cigarettes expose users to the inhalation irritant, benzaldehyde. Thorax 2016;71:376–7.
4. McGill N. Research on e-cigarettes examining health effects: regulations due. Nations Health 2013;43:1–10.
5. Benowitz NL, Goniewicz ML. The regulatory challenge of electronic cigarettes. JAMA 2013;310:685–6.
6. CDC. Notes from the field: Electronic Cigarette Use Among Middle and High School Students—United States, 2011–2012. 2013. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6235a6.htm (accessed 26 May 2016).
7. Wasowicz A, Feleszko W, Goniewicz ML. E-Cigarette use among children and young people: the need for regulation. Expert Rev Respir Med 2015;9:507–9.
8. Yingst JM, Veldheer S, Hrabovsky S, et al. Factors associated with electronic cigarette users’ device preferences and transition from first generation to advanced generation devices. Nicotine Tob Res 2015;17:1242–6.
9. Hutzler C, Paschke M, Kruschinski S, et al. Chemical hazards present in liquids and vapors of electronic cigarettes. Arch Toxicol 2014;88:1295–308.
10. Tierney PA, Karpinski CD, Brown JE, et al. Flavour chemicals in electronic cigarette fluids. Tob Control 2016;25:e10–15.
11. Farsalinos KE, Romagna G, Allifranchini E, et al. Comparison of the cytotoxic potential of cigarette smoke and electronic cigarette vapour extract on cultured myocardial cells. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2013;10:5146–62.
12. Barrington-Trimis JL, Samet JM, McConnell R. Flavorings in electronic cigarettes. An unrecognized respiratory health hazard? JAMA 2014;312:2493–4.
13. Lerner CA, Sundar IK, Yao H, et al. Vapors produced by electronic cigarettes and e-juices with flavorings induce toxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in lung epithelial cells and in mouse lung. PLoS One 2015;10:e0116732.
14. Misra M, Leverette RD, Cooper BT, et al. Comparative in vitro toxicity profile of electronic and tobacco cigarettes, smokeless tobacco and nicotine replacement therapy products: e-liquids, extracts and collected aerosols. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2014;11:11325–47.
15. Shen Y, Wolkowicz MJ, Kotova T, et al. Transcriptome sequencing reveals e-cigarette vapor and mainstream-smoke from tobacco cigarettes activate different gene expression profiles in human bronchial epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2016;6:23984.
16. Scheffler S, Dieken H, Krischenowski O, et al. Evaluation of e-cigarette liquid vapor and mainstream cigarette smoke after direct exposure of primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015;12:3915–25.
17. Scheffler S, Dieken H, Krischenowski O, et al. Response to Polosa et al. Comments on Scheffler et al. Cytotoxic evaluation of e-liquid aerosol using different lung derived cell models. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2015, 12, 12466–12474. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016;13:pii: E109.
18. Hom S, Wang T, Chen L, et al. Electronic cigarettes modulate platelet inflammatory, adhesion, activation and aggregation responses. FASEB J 2016;30(Suppl 1):722.5.
19. Hwang JH, Alexander LC, Mathew D. Electronic cigarette inhalation promotes inflammatory cytokines within the airways and systemic inflammation in mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016;193:A4844.
20. Behar R, Davis B, Wang Y, et al. Identification of toxicants in cinnamon-flavored electronic cigarette refill fluids. Toxicol In Vitro 2014;28:198–208.
21. Hayes A, Bakand S. Inhalation toxicology. In: Luch A, ed. Molecular, clinical and environmental toxicology. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser, 2010: 461–88.
22. Hayes AJ, Bakand S. Toxicological perspectives of inhaled therapeutics and nanoparticles. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014;10:933–47.
23. Aufderheide M. Direct exposure methods for testing native atmospheres. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2005;57(Suppl 1):213–26.
24. Goniewicz ML, Kuma T, Gawron M, et al. Nicotine levels in electronic cigarettes. Nicotine Tob Res 2013;15:158–66.
25. Goniewicz ML, Gupta R, Lee YH, et al. Nicotine levels in electronic cigarette refill solutions: a comparative analysis of products from the US, Korea, and Poland. Int J Drug Policy 2015;26:583–8.
26. Health Canada. Official Method T-115, Determination of “tar”, nicotine and carbon monoxide in mainstream tobacco smoke, prepared by the Department of Health, 1-7, dated 31 December 1999. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/alt_formats/hecs-sesc/pdf/tobac-tabac/legislation/reg/indust/method/main-principal/nicotine/nicotine_e.pdf (accessed 20 May 2016).
27. Kalayciyan A, Orawa H, Fimmel S, et al. Nicotine and biochanin A, but not cigarette smoke, induce anti-inflammatory effects on keratinocytes and endothelial cells in patients with Behcet’s disease. J Invest Dermatol 2007;127:81–9.