Some important dietary polyphenolic compounds: An anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory perspective

Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry

Volumn 18, Issue 15, 2018, Pages 1270-1282

  Kinger, Mayank ^a   Kumar, Sushil ^a   Kumar, Vinod ^a  

^a MAHARISHI MARKANDESHWAR DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

Curcumin; Inflammation; Oleocanthal; Polyphenol; Quercetin; Resveratrol

Indexed keywords

CURCUMIN; CYCLOOXYGENASE 1; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; DEMETHOXYCURCUMIN; INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; OLEOCANTHAL; PHENYLBUTAZONE; PLACEBO; POLYPHENOL DERIVATIVE; QUERCETIN; RESVERATROL; SALAZOSULFAPYRIDINE; TAU PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VIRGIN OLIVE OIL; ALDEHYDE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PHENOL DERIVATIVE; POLYPHENOL; STILBENE DERIVATIVE;

AMYLOID PLAQUE; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY; APOPTOSIS; ARTHRITIS; CANCER PREVENTION; CARRAGEENAN-INDUCED PAW EDEMA; CELL MEMBRANE FLUIDITY; CELL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL; CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE; COLORECTAL CANCER; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; CYTOKINE RELEASE; DERMATITIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; DYSLIPIDEMIA; EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE MYOCARDITIS; EXPERIMENTAL COLITIS; EXPERIMENTAL PANCREATITIS; HUMAN; HYPERINSULINEMIA; HYPERTENSION; ILEITIS; IMMUNOMODULATION; IMMUNOREGULATION; INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE; INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; IRIDOCYCLITIS; IRRITABLE COLON; KIDNEY GRAFT REJECTION; METASTASIS INHIBITION; NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLE; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; ORBIT PSEUDOTUMOR; PANCREATITIS; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITION; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SARCOIDOSIS; ULCERATIVE COLITIS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; CHEMISTRY; DIET; DRUG EFFECT; IMMUNOLOGY; METABOLISM; NEUTROPHIL; PATHOLOGY;

ALDEHYDES; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; CURCUMIN; DIET; HUMANS; NEUTROPHILS; PHENOLS; POLYPHENOLS; QUERCETIN; STILBENES;

EID: 85041461583     PISSN: 13895575     EISSN: 18755607     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1389557517666170208143410     Document Type: Review

References (145)

1. Middleton, E. Effect of plant flavonoids on immune and inflammatory cell function. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 1998, 439, 175-182.
2. Baur, J.A.; Pearson, K.J.; Price, N.L.; Jamieson, H.A.; Lerin, C. Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie diet. Nature, 2006, 444, 337-342.
3. Elmali, N.; Baysal, O.; Harma, A.; Esenkaya, I.; Mizrak, B. Effects of resveratrol in inflammatory arthritis. Inflammation, 2007, 30, 1-6.
4. Sugimoto, K.; Hanai, H.; Tozawa, K.; Aoshi, T.; Uchijima, M. Curcumin prevents and ameliorates trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice. Gastroenterology, 2002, 123, 1912-1922.
5. Kim, H.; Kong, H.; Choi, B.; Yang, Y.; Kim, Y.; Lim, M.J.; Neckers, L.; Jung, Y. Metabolic and pharmacological properties of rutin, a dietary quercetin glycoside, for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Pharm. Res., 2005, 22, 1499-1509.
6. Oliviero, F.; Punzi, L.; Spinella, P. Mediterranean Food Pattern in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Curr. Rheumatol. Rev., 2009, 5(4), 233-240.
7. Fung, T.; Rexrode, K.; Mantzoros, C. Mediterranean diet and incidence of and mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke in women. Circulation, 2009, 119(8), 1093.
8. Fito, M.; Guxens, M.; Corella, D. Effect of a traditional Mediterranean diet on lipoprotein oxidation: A randomized controlled trial. Arch. Intern. Med., 2007, 167(11), 1195.
9. Sofi, F.; Cesari, F.; Abbate, R. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and health status: Meta-analysis. BMJ, 2008, 337, 1344.
10. Willett, W.C.; Sacks, F.; Trichopoulou, A. Mediterranean diet pyramid: A cultural model for healthy eating. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 1995, 61, 1402S-1406S.
11. Montedoro, G.; Servili, M.; Baldioli, M.; Miniati, E. Simple and hydrolyzable phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil, their extraction, separation, and quantitative and semi quantitative evaluation by HPLC. J. Agri. Food. Chem., 1992, 40, 1571-1576.
12. Montedoro, G.; Servili, M. Simple and hydrolyzable compounds in virgin olive oil. Spectroscopic characterizations of the secoiridoid derivatives. J. Agri. Food. Chem., 1993, 41, 2228-2234.
13. Beauchamp, G.K.; Keast, R.S.; Morel, D.; Lin, J.; Pika, J.; Han, Q. Phytochemistry: Ibuprofen-like activity in extra-virgin olive oil. Nature, 2005, 437, 45-46.
14. Ano, V.R.; Sacchi. Oleocanthal in olive oil: Between myth and reality. Mol. Nutr. Food. Res., 2006, 50, 5-6.
15. Dam, V.; Coen, K.; Deyn, D. Ibuprofen modifies cognitive disease progression in an Alzheimer's mouse model. J. Psychopharmacol., 2008, 24, 383-388.
16. Guela, C.; Wu, C.; Saroff, D.; Lorenzo, A.; Yuan, M.; Yankner, B. Aging renders the brain vulnerable to amyloid-protein neurotoxic-ity. Nat. Med., 1998, 4, 827-831.
17. Li, W.; Sperry, J.B.; Crowe, A.; Trojanowki, J.Q.; Smith, A.B.; Lee, V.M.Y. Inhibition of tau fibrillization by oleocanthal via reaction with amino groups of tau. J. Neurochem., 2009, 110, 1339-1351.
18. Li, W.; Virginia, M.Y.L. Characterization of two VQIXXK motifs for tau fibrillization in vitro. Biochemistry, 2006, 45, 15692-15701.
19. Pitt, J.; Roth, W.; Lacor, P.; Blankenship, M.; Velasco, P.; De Felice, F. Alzheimer's-associated A-beta oligomers show altered structure, immunoreactivity and synaptotoxicity with low doses of oleocanthal. Toxic. App. Pharma., 2009, doi:10.1016/j.taap. 2009.07.018.
20. Scher, J.; Pillinger, M.; Abramson, S. Nitric oxide synthases and osteoarthritis. Curr. Rheumatol. Reports, 2007, 9, 9-15.
21. Espey, M.G.; Miranda, K.M.; Feelisch, M.; Fukuto, J.; Grisham, M.B.; Vitek, M.P. Mechanisms of cell death governed by the balance between nitrosative and oxidative stress. Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 2000, 899, 209-221.
22. Iacono, A.; Gómez, R.; Sperry, J.; Conde, J.; Bianco, G.; Meli, R. Effect of oleocanthal and its derivatives on inflammatory response induced by LPS in chondrocyte cell line. Arthrit. Rheumat., 2010, 62, 1675-1682.
23. Linos, A.; Kaklamani, V.G.; Kaklamani, E. Dietary factors in relation to rheumatoid arthritis: A role for olive oil and cooked vegetables? Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 1999, 70(6), 1077-1082.
24. Elnagar, A.; Sylvester, P.; El Sayed, K. (-)-Oleocanthal as a c-Met Inhibitor for the Control of Metastatic Breast and Prostate Cancers. Planta Med., 2011, 77, 1013-1019.
25. Khanal, P.; Oh, W.K.; Yun, H.J.; Namgoong, G.M.; Ahn, S.G.; Kwon, S.M. p-HPEA-EDA, a phenolic compound of virgin olive oil, activates AMP-activated protein kinase to inhibit carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis, 2011, 32, 545.
26. Fabiani, R.; De Bartolomeo, A.; Rosignoli, P. Virgin olive oil phenols inhibit proliferation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL60) by inducing apoptosis and differentiation. J. Nutr., 2006, 136(3), 614.
27. Fini, L.; Hotchkiss, E.; Fogliano, V. Chemopreventive properties of pinoresinol-rich olive oil involve a selective activation of the ATM-p53 cascade in colon cancer cell lines. Carcinogenesis, 2008, 29(1), 139-146.
28. Hashim, Y. Z.; Rowland, I.; McGlynn, H. Inhibitory effects of olive oil phenolics on invasion in human colon adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Intl. J. Cancer, 2008, 122, 495-500.
29. Baker, C.; Hall, R.; Evans, T. Cyclooxygenase-2 is widely expressed in atherosclerotic lesions affecting native and transplanted human coronary arteries and colocalizes with inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine particularly in macrophages. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 1999, 19(3), 646.
30. Caughey, G.; Cleland, L.; Penglis, P. Roles of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 in prostanoid production by human endothelial cells: selective up-regulation of prostacyclin synthesis by COX-2. J. Immunol., 2001, 167(5), 2831.
31. Belton, O.; Byrne, D.; Kearney, D. Cyclooxygenase-1 and-2-dependent prostacyclin formation in patients with atherosclerosis. Circulation, 2000, 102(8), 840.
32. Robert, F.; Ilse, F. Plant derived anti-inflammatory compounds: Hopes and disappointments regarding the transition of preclinical knowledge into clinical progress. Mediat. Inflammat., 2014, 2014, 1-9.
33. Jurenka, J.S. Anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin, a major constituent of Curcuma longa: A review of preclinical and clinical research. Altern. Med. Rev., 2009, 14, 141-153.
34. Huang, T.S.; Lee, S.C.; Lin, J.K. Suppression of c-Jun/AP-1 activation by an inhibitor of tumor promotion in mouse fibroblast cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1991, 88, 5292-5296.
35. Chan, M.M.; Huang, H.I.; Fenton, M.R.; Fong, D. In vivo inhibition of nitric oxide synthase gene expression by curcumin, a cancer preventive natural product with anti-inflammatory properties. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1998, 55, 1955-1962.
36. Somasundaram, S.; Edmund, N.A.; Moore, D.T. Dietary curcumin inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in models of human breast cancer. Cancer Res., 2002, 62, 3868-3875.
37. Sharma, O.P. Antioxidant activity of curcumin and related compounds. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1976, 25, 1811-1812.
38. Negi, P.S.; Jayaprakasha, G.K.; Rao, J.M.; Sakariah, K.K. Antibacterial activity of turmeric oil: a byproduct from curcumin manufacture. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 1999, 47, 4297-4300.
39. Hong, J.; Bose, M.; Ju, J. Modulation of arachiodonic acid metabolism by curcumin and related β-diketone derivatives: effects on cytosolic phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenases and 5-lipoxygenase. Carcinogenesis, 2004, 25, 1671-1679.
40. Kim, G.Y.; Kim, K.H.; Lee, S.H. Curcumin inhibits immunostimu-latory function of dendritic cells: MAPKs and translocation of NF-κB as potential targets. J. Immun., 2005, 174, 8116-8124.
41. Kumar, A.; Dhawan, S.; Hardegen, N.J.; Aggarwal, B.B. Curcumin (Diferuloylmethane) inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells by suppression of cell surface expression of adhesion molecules and of nuclear factor-κB activation. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1998, 55, 775-783.
42. Shah, V.O.; Ferguson, J.E.; Hunsaker, L.A.; Deck, L.M.; Jagt, D.L.V. Natural products inhibit LPS-induced activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Nat. Prod. Res., 2010, 24, 1177-1188.
43. Kumar, S.; Ahuja, V.; Sankar, M.J.; Kumar, A.; Moss, A.C. Curcumin for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochr. Database Systemat. Rev., 2012, 10, CD008424. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008424.
44. Gonzales, A.M.; Orlando, R.A. Curcumin and resveratrol inhibit nuclear factor-kappa-B-mediated cytokine expression in adipocytes. Nutr. Metab. (Lond)., 2008, 5, 17.
45. Denisa, M.; Daniela, G.; Gina, M.; Ionela, N.; Mihaela, I. Membranar effects exerted in vitro by polyphenols-quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate and curcuminon HUVEC and jurkat cells, relevant for diabetes mellitus. Food Chem. Toxicol., 2013, 61, 86-93.
46. Bereswill, S.; Munoz, M.; Fischer, A.; Plickert, R.; Haag, L.; Otto, B.; Kuhl, A.A.; Loddenkemper, C.; Gobel, U.B.; Heimessat, M.M. Anti-Inflammatory effects of resveratrol, curcumin and simvastatin in acute small intestinal inflammation. Plos One, 2010, 5(12), e15099. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015099.
47. Sharma, S.; Chopra, K.; Kulkarni, S.K.; Agrewala, J.N. Resveratrol and curcumin suppress immune response through CD28/CTLA-4 and CD80 co-stimulatory pathway. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2007, 147, 155-163.
48. Meja, K.K.; Rajendrasozhan, S.; Adenuga, D.; Biswas, S.K.; Sundar, I.K.; Spooner, G.; Marwick, J.A.; Chakravarty, P.; Fletcher, D.; Whittaker, P.; Megson, I.L.; Kirkham, P.A.; Rahman, I. Curcumin restores corticosteroid function in monocytes exposed to oxidants by maintaining HDAC2. Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol., 2008, 39, 312-323.
49. -/- mice, a model of inflammatory bowl diseases. Brit. J. Nutri., 2009, 101, 169-181.
50. Camacho-Barquero, L.; Villegas, I.; Sanchez-Calvo, J.M.; Talero, E.; SanchezFidalgo, S.; Motilva, V.; Alarcon de la Lastra, C. Curcumin, a curcuma longa constituent, acts on MAPK p38 pathway modulating COX-2 and iNOS expression in chronic experimental colitis. Intl. J. Immunopharmacol., 2007, 7, 333-342.
51. Yamaguchi, M.; Hamamoto, R.; Uchiyama, S.; Ishiyama, K. Effects of flavonoid on calcium content in femoral tissue culture and parathyroid hormone-stimulated osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow culture in vitro. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 2007, 303, 83-88.
52. Zhang, H.G.; Kim, H.; Liu, C.; Yu, S.; Wang, J.; Grizzle, W.E.; Kimberly, R.P.; Barnes, S. Curcumin reverses breast tumor exosomes mediated immune suppression of NK cell tumor cytotoxicity. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2007, 1773, 1116-1123.
53. Yoon, D.Y.; Cho, M.C.; Kim, J.H.; Kim, E.J.; Kang, J.W.; Seo, E.H.; Shim, J.H.; Kim, S.H.; Lee, H.G.; Oh, G.T.; Hong, J.T.; Park, J.W.; Kim, J.W. Effects of a tetramethoxyhydroxyflavone p7f on the expression of inflammatory mediators in LPS-treated human synovial fibroblast and macrophage cells. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2008, 18, 686-694.
54. Mayura, S.; Chatchawan, C.; Rungruedi.; Tanyarath, U.; Monthon, L.; Apichart, S.; Warangkana, C. Demethoxycurcumin from curcuma longa rhizome suppresses iNOS induction in an in vitro inflamed human intestinal mucosa model. Asian Pacific J. Cancer Prevent., 2014, 15, 1807-1810.
55. Huang, M.T.; Lysz, T.; Ferraro, T. Inhibitory effects of curcumin on in vitro lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activities in mouse epidermis. Cancer Res., 1991, 51, 813-819.
56. Surh, Y.J.; Chun, K.S.; Cha, H.H. Molecular mechanisms underlying chemopreventive activities of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals: down-regulation of COX-2 and iNOS through suppression of NFkappa B activation. Mutat. Res., 2001, 480-481.
57. Cho, J.W.; Lee, K.S.; Kim, C.W. Curcumin attenuates the expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha as well as cyclin E in TNF-alpha-treated HaCaT cells; NFkappaB and MAPKs as potential upstream targets. Intl. J. Mol. Med., 2007, 19, 469-474.
58. Liu, J.Y.; Lin, S.J.; Lin, J.K. Inhibitory effects of curcumin on protein kinase C activity induced by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate in NIH 3T3 cells. Carcinogenesis, 1993, 14, 857-861.
59. Srimal, R.C.; Dhawan, B.N. Pharmacology of diferuloyl methane (curcumin), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1973, 25, 447-452.
60. Ukil, A.; Maity, S.; Karmakar, S. Curcumin, the major component of food flavour turmeric, reduces mucosal injury in trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid induced colitis. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2003, 139, 209-218.
61. Gukovsky, I.; Reyes, C.N.; Vaquero, E.C. Curcumin ameliorates ethanol and nonethanol experimental pancreatitis. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver. Physiol., 2003, 284, G85-G95.
62. Funk, J.L.; Oyarzo, J.N.; Frye, J.B. Turmeric extracts containing curcuminoids prevent experimental rheumatoid arthritis. J. Nat. Prod., 2006, 69, 351-355.
63. Satoskar, R.R.; Shah, S.J.; Shenoy, S.G. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory property of curcumin (diferuloyl methane) in patients with postoperative inflammation. Intl. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. Toxicol., 1986, 24, 651-654.
64. Deodhar, S.D.; Sethi, R.; Srimal, R.C. Preliminary study on antir-heumatic activity of curcumin (diferuloyl methane). Ind. J. Med. Res., 1980, 71, 632-634.
65. Lal, B.; Kapoor, A.K.; Asthana, O.P. Efficacy of curcumin in the management of chronic anterior uveitis. Phytother. Res., 1999, 13, 318-322.
66. Lal, B.; Kapoor, A.K.; Agrawal, P.K. Role of curcumin in idio-pathic inflammatory orbital pseudotumours. Phytother. Res., 2000, 14, 443-447.
67. Prucksunand, C.; Indrasukhsri, B.; Leethochawalit, M.; Hung-spreugs, K. Phase II clinical trial on effect of the long turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) on healing of peptic ulcer. Southeast. Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2001, 32, 208-215.
68. Bundy, R.; Walker, A.F.; Middleton, R.W.; Booth, J. Turmeric extract may improve irritable bowel syndrome symptomology in otherwise healthy adults: A pilot study. J. Altern. Complement. Med., 2004, 10, 1015-1018.
69. Holt, P.R.; Katz, S.; Kirshoff, R. Curcumin therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: A pilot study. Dig. Dis. Sci., 2005, 50, 2191-2193.
70. Hanai, H.; Iida, T.; Takeuchi, K. Curcumin maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis: Randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2006, 4, 1502-1506.
71. Shoskes, D.; Lapierre, C.; Cruz-Corerra, M. Beneficial effects of the bioflavonoids curcumin and quercetin on early function in ca-daveric renal transplantation: A randomized placebo controlled trial. Transplantation, 2005, 80, 1556-1559.
72. Huang, M.T.; Lou, Y.R.; Xie, J.G. Effect of dietary curcumin and dibenzoylmethane on formation of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene-induced mammary tumors and lymphomas/leukemias in Sencar mice. Carcinogenesis, 1998, 19, 1697-1700.
73. Sharma, R.A.; Euden, S.A.; Platton, S.L. Phase I clinical trial of oral curcumin: biomarkers of systemic activity and compliance. Clin. Cancer Res., 2004, 10, 6847-6854.
74. Burns, J.; Yokota, T.; Ashihara, H.; Lean, M.E.; Crozier, A. Plant foods and herbal sources of resveratrol. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 2002, 50, 3337-3340.
75. Shakibaei, M.; Harikumar, K.B.; Aggarwal, B.B. Resveratrol addiction: To die or not to die. Mol. Nutr. Food. Res., 2009, 53, 115-128.
76. Gao, X.; Xu, Y.X.; Janakiraman, N.; Chapman, R.A.; Gautam, S.C. Immunomodulatory activity of resveratrol: Suppression of lympho-cyte proliferation, development of cellmediated cytotoxicity, and cytokine production. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2001, 62, 1299-1308.
77. Delmas, D.; Lancon, A.; Colin, D.; Jannin, B.; Latruffe, N. Resveratrol as a chemopreventive agent: A promising molecule for fighting cancer. Curr. Drug Targets, 2006, 7, 423-442.
78. Signorelli, P.; Ghidoni, R. Resveratrol as an antiproliferative agent for cancer. Aggarwal B. B.; Shishodia, S. Resveratrol in Health and Disease. C. R. C. Press., 2006, 57-83.
79. Ma, Z.H.; Ma, Q.Y.; Wang, L.C.; Sha, H.C.; Wu, S.L. Effect of resveratrol on peritoneal macrophages in rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Inflamm. Res., 2005, 54, 522-527.
80. Elmali, N.; Baysal, O.; Harma, A.; Esenkaya, I.; Mizrak, B. Effects of resveratrol in inflammatory arthritis. Inflammation, 2007, 30, 1-6.
81. Larrosa, M.; Yanez-Gascon, M.J.; Selma, M.V.; Gonzalez-Sarrias, A.; Toti, S. Effect of a low dose of dietary resveratrol on colon microbiota, inflammation and tissue damage in a DSS-induced colitis rat model. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 2211-2220.
82. Jain, S. K (1994) Ethnobotany and research on medicinal plants in India. Ciba. Found. Symp., 1994, 185, 153-164.
83. Lastra, C.A.; Villegas, I. Resveratrol as an anti-inflammatory and anti-aging agent: Mechanisms and clinical implications. Mol. Nutrit. Food Res., 2005, 49(5), 405-430.
84. Surh, Y.J.; Chun, K.S.; Chaetal, H.H. Molecular mechanisms underlying chemopreventive activities of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals: Down-regulation of COX-2 and i-NOS through suppression of NF-κB activation. Mutat. Res., 2001, 480-481, 243-268.
85. Ergun, O.; Ergun, G.; Oktem, G.; Selvi, N.; Dogan, H.; Tuncyurek, M.; Saydam, G.; Erdener, A. Enteral resveratrol supplementation attenuates intestinal epithelial inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and mucosal damage in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis. J. Pediatr. Surg., 2007, 42, 1687-1694.
86. Zhou, M.; He, J.L.; Yu, S.Q.; Zhu, R.F.; Lu, J.; Ding, F.Y.; Xu, G.L. Effect of resveratrol on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rats and its mechanism. Yao. Xue. Xue. Bao., 2008, 43, 128-132.
87. Do, G.M.; Kwon, E.Y.; Kim, H.J.; Jeon, S.M.; Ha, T.Y.; Park, T.; Choi, M.S. Long-term effects of resveratrol supplementation on suppression of atherogenic lesion formation and cholesterol synthesis in apo E-deficient mice. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2008, 374, 55-59.
88. Vivancos, M.; Moreno, J.J. Effect of resveratrol, tyrosol and betasi-tosterol on oxidised low-density lipoprotein-stimulated oxidative stress, arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by RAW 264.7 macrophages. Br. J. Nutr., 2008, 99, 1199-1207.
89. El-Mowafy, A.M.; Alkhalaf, M.; Nassar, N.N. Resveratrol reverses ET-1-evoked mitogenic effects in human coronary arterial cells by activating the kinase-G to inhibit ERK-enzymes. Intl. J. Cardiol., 2008, 136, 263-269.
90. Yoshida, Y.; Shioi, T.; Izumi, T. Resveratrol ameliorates experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Circ. J., 2007, 71, 397-404.
91. Cheng, J.C.; Fang, J.G.; Chen, W.F.; Zhou, B.; Yang, L.; Liu, Z.L. Structure-activity relationship studies of resveratrol and its analogues by the reaction kinetics of low density lipoprotein peroxidation. Bioorg. Chem., 2006, 34, 142-157.
92. Kaplan, S.; Bisleri, G.; Morgan, J.A.; Cheema, F.H.; Oz, M.C. Resveratrol, a natural red wine polyphenol, reduces ischemia-reperfusion induced spinal cord injury. Ann. Thorac. Surg., 2005, 80, 2242-2249.
93. Kennedy, A.; Overman, A.; Lapoint, K.; Hopkins, R.; West, T.; Chuang, C.C.; Martinez, K.; Bell, D.; McIntosh, M. Conjugated linoleic acid mediated inflammation and insulin resistance in human adipocytes are attenuated by resveratrol. J. Lipid. Res., 2009, 50, 225-232.
94. Liu, Y.G.; Wang, X.D.; Zhang, X.B. Effects of resveratrol on inflammatory process induced by focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 2007, 32, 1792-1795.
95. Tsai, S.K.; Hung, L.M.; Fu, Y.T.; Cheng, H.; Nien, M.W.; Liu, H.Y.; Zhang, F.B.; Huang, S.S. Resveratrol neuroprotective effects during focal cerebral ischemia injury via nitric oxide mechanism in rats. J. Vasc. Surg., 2007, 46, 346-353.
96. Bureau, G.; Longpre, F.; Martinoli, M.G. Resveratrol and quercetin, two natural polyphenols, reduce apoptotic neuronal cell death induced by neuroinflammation. J. Neurosci. Res., 2008, 86, 403-410.
97. Dasgupta, B.; Milbrandt, J. Resveratrol stimulates AMP kinase activity in neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2007, 104, 7217-7222.
98. Kundu, J.K.; Shin, Y.K.; Surh, Y.J. Resveratrol modulates phorbol ester-induced pro-inflammatory signal transduction pathways in mouse skin in vivo: NF-kappaB and AP-1 as prime targets. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2006, 72, 1506-1515.
99. Szabolcs, A.; Varga, I.S.; Varga, C.; Berko, A.; Kaszaki, J.; Letoha, T.; Tiszlavicz, L.; Sari, R.; Lonovics, J.; Takacs, T. Beneficial effect of resveratrol on cholecystokinin-induced experimental pancreatitis. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2006, 532, 187-193.
100. Chavez, E.; Reyes-Gordillo, K.; Segovia, J.; Shibayama, M.; Tsutsumi, V.; Vergara, P.; Moreno, M.G.; Muriel, P. Resveratrol prevents fibrosis, NF-kappa B activation and TGF-beta increases induced by chronic CCl4 treatment in rats. J. Appl. Toxicol., 2008, 28, 35-43.
101. Yu, H.P.; Hsu, J.C.; Hwang, T.L.; Yen, C.H.; Lau, Y.T. Resveratrol attenuates hepatic injury after trauma-hemorrhage via estrogen receptor-related pathway. Shock, 2008, 30, 324-328.
102. Kim, Y.A.; Kim, G.Y.; Park, K.Y.; Choi, Y.H. Resveratrol inhibits nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production by lipopolysaccha-ride-activated C6 microglia. J. Med. Food, 2007, 10, 218-224.
103. Djoko, B.; Chiou, R.Y.; Shee, J.J.; Liu, Y.W. Characterization of immunological activities of peanut stilbenoids, arachidin-1, piceatannol, and resveratrol on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation of RAW 264.7 macrophages. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 2007, 55, 2376-2383.
104. Ma, Z.H.; Ma, Q.Y.; Wang, L.C.; Sha, H.C.; Wu, S.L.; Zhang, M. Effect of resveratrol on NF-kappaB activity in rat peritoneal macrophages. Am. J. Chin. Med., 2006, 34, 623-630.
105. Kowalski, J.; Samojedny, A.; Paul, M.; Pietsz, G.; Wilczok, T. Effect of apigenin, kaempferol and resveratrol on the expression of interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha genes in J774.2 macrophages. Pharmacol. Rep., 2005, 57, 390-394.
106. Youn, H.S.; Lee, J.Y.; Fitzgerald, K.A.; Young, H.A.; Akira, S.; Hwang, D.H. Specific inhibition of MyD88-independent signaling pathways of TLR3 and TLR4 by resveratrol: Molecular targets are TBK1 and RIP1 in TRIF complex. J. Immunol., 2005, 175, 3339-3346.
107. Cichocki, M.; Paluszczak, J.; Szaefer, H.; Piechowiak, A.; Ri-mando, A.M.; Baer-Dubowska, W. Pterostilbene is equally potent as resveratrol in inhibiting 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate activated NFkappaB, AP1, COX-2, and iNOS in mouse epidermis. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 2008, 52, 62-70.
108. Brito, P.M.; Mariano, A.; Almeida, L.M.; Dinis, T.C. Resveratrol affords protection against peroxynitrite-mediated endothelial cell death: A role for intracellular glutathione. Chem. Biol. Interact., 2006, 164, 157-166.
109. Moon, S.O.; Kim, W, Sung M.J.; Lee, S.; Kang, K.P.; Kim, D.H.; Lee, S.Y.; So, J.N.; Park, S.K. Resveratrol suppresses tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced fractalkine expression in endothelial cells. Mol. Pharmacol., 2006, 70, 112-119.
110. Csiszar, A.; Smith, K.; Labinskyy, N.; Orosz, Z.; Rivera, A.; Ungvari, Z. Resveratrol attenuates TNF-alpha-induced activation of coronary arterial endothelial cells: Role of NF-kappaB inhibition. Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol., 2006, 291, 1694-1699.
111. Byun, H.S.; Song, J.K.; Kim, Y.R.; Piao, L.; Won, M.; Park, K.A.; Choi, B.L.; Lee, H.; Hong, J.H.; Park, J.; Seok, J.H.; Lee, Y.J.; Kang, S.W.; Hur, G.M. Caspase-8 has an essential role in resveratrol-induced apoptosis of rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Rheumatology, 2008, 47, 301-308.
112. Venkatachalam, K.; Mummidi, S.; Cortez, D.M.; Prabhu, S.D.; Valente, A.J., Chandrasekar, B. Resveratrol inhibits high glucose induced PI3K/Akt/ERK-dependent interleukin-17 expression in primary mouse cardiac fibroblasts. Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol., 2008, 294, 2078-2087.
113. Camuesco, D.; Comalada, M.; Rodriguez-Cabezas, M.E.; Nieto, A.; Lorente, M.D.; Concha, A.; Zarzuelo, A.; Galvez, J. The intestinal anti-inflammatory effect of quercitrin is associated with an inhibition in iNOS expression. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2004, 143, 908-918.
114. Zunino, S. Type 2 diabetes and glycemic response to grapes or grape products. J. Nutrit., 2009, 139, 1794-1800.
115. Kandaswami, C.; Middleton, E.J. Free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of plant flavonoids. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 1994, 366, 351-76.
116. Nakayama, T. Suppression of hydroperoxide-induced cytotoxicity by polyphenols. Cancer Res., 1994, 54, 1991-1993.
117. Chirumbolo, S. The role of quercetin, flavonols and flavones in modulating inflammatory cell function. Inflammat. Allergy Drug Targets, 2010, 9, 9263-285.
118. Ossola, B.; Kaariainen, T.M.; Mannisto, P.T. The multiple faces of quercetin in neuroprotection. Expert Opin. Drug Safety, 2009, 8, 397-409.
119. Larson, A.J.; Symons, J.D.; Jalili, T. Therapeutic potential of quercetin to decrease blood pressure: Review of efficacy and mechanisms. Adv. Nutri., 2012, 3, 39-46.
120. Srivastava, A.K. Inhibition of phosphorylase kinase, and tyrosine protein kinase activities by quercetin. Biochem. Biophy. Res. Commun., 1985, 131, 1-5.
121. Boots, A.W.; Drent, M.; Boer, V.C.; Bast, A.; Haenen, G.R. Quercetin reduces markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in sarcoidosis. Clin. Nutrit., 2011, 30, 506-512.
122. Ruitz, P.A.; Braune, A.; Holzlwimmer, G.; Quintanilla-Fend, L.; Haller, D. Quercetin inhibits TNF-induced NF-Kb transcription factor recruitment in murine intestinal epithelial cells. J. Nutrit., 2007, 137, 1208-1215.
123. Walker, E.H.; Pacold, M.E.; Perisic, O.; Stephens, L.; Hawkins, P.T.; Wymann, M.P.; Williams, R.L. Structural determinants of phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibition by wortmannin, LY294002, quercetin, myricetin, and staurosporine. Mol. Cell., 2000, 6, 909-919.
124. Camuesco, D.; Comalada, M.; Rodriguez-Cabezas, M.E.; Nieto, A.; Lorente, M.D.; Concha, A.; Zarzuelo, A.; Galvez, J. The intestinal anti-inflammatory effect of quercitrin is associated with an inhibition in iNOS expression. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2004, 143, 908-918.
125. Comalada, M.; Camuesco, D.; Sierra, S.; Ballester, I.; Xaus, J.; Galvez, J.; Zarzuelo, A. In vivo quercitrin anti-inflammatory effect involves release of quercetin, which inhibits inflammation through down-regulation of the NF-kappaB pathway. Eur. J. Immunol., 2005, 35, 584-592.
126. Galvez, J.; Cruz, J.P.; Zarzuelo, A.; Sanchez de Medina, F.J.; Jimenez, J.; Sanchez de la Cuesta, F. Oral administration of quercitrin modifies intestinal oxidative status in rats. Gen. Pharmacol., 1994, 25, 1237-1243.
127. Rotelli, A.E.; Guardia, T.; Jua, A.O.; Rocha, N.E.; Pelzer, L.E. Comparative study of flavonoids in experimental models of inflammation. Pharmacol. Res., 2003, 48, 601-606.
128. Mamani-Matsuda, M.; Kauss, T.; Al-Kharrat, A.; Rambert, J.; Fawaz, F.; Thiolat, D.; Moynet, D.; Coves, S.; Malvy, D.; Mossalayi, M.D. Therapeutic and preventive properties of quercetin in experimental arthritis correlate with decreased macrophage inflammatory mediators. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2006, 72, 1304-1310.
129. Ruiz, P.A.; Braune, A.; Holzlwimmer, G.; Quintanilla-Fend, L.; Haller, D. Quercetin inhibits TNF-induced NF-kappaB transcription factor recruitment to proinflammatory gene promoters in murine intestinal epithelial cells. J. Nutr., 2007, 137, 1208-1215.
130. Jung, C.H.; Lee, J.Y.; Cho, C.H.; Kim, C.J. Anti-asthmatic action of quercetin and rutin in conscious guinea-pigs challenged with aerosol-ized ovalbumin. Arch. Pharm. Res., 2007, 30, 1599-1607.
131. Rogerio, A.P.; Kanashiro, A.; Fontanari, C.; Silva, E.V.; Lucisano-Valim, Y.M.; Soares, E.G.; Faccioli, L.H. Anti-inflammatory activity of quercetin and isoquercitrin in experimental murine allergic asthma. Inflamm. Res., 2007, 56, 402-408.
132. Jiang, J.S.; Chien, H.C.; Chen, C.M.; Lin, C.N.; Ko, W.C. Potent suppressive effects of 3-O-methylquercetin 5,7,3,4-O-tetraacetate on ovalbumin-induced airway hyper-responsiveness. Planta Med., 2007, 73, 1156-1162.
133. Rivera, L.; Moron, R.; Sanchez, M.; Zarzuelo, A.; Galisteo, M. Quercetin ameliorates metabolic syndrome and improves the inflammatory status in obese Zucker rats. Obesity (Silver Spring), 2008, 16, 2081-2087.
134. Sugiyama, T.; Kawaguchi, K.; Dobashi, H.; Miyake, R.; Kaneko, M.; Kumazawa, Y. Quercetin but not luteolin suppresses the induction of lethal shock upon infection of mice with Salmonella typhi-murium. Immunol. Med. Microbiol., 2008, 53, 306-313.
135. Comalada, M.; Ballester, I.; Bailon, E.; Sierra, S.; Xaus, J.; Galvez, J.; Medina, F.S.; Zarzuelo, A. Inhibition of pro-inflammatory markers in primary bone marrow-derived mouse macrophages by naturally occurring flavonoids: Analysis of the structure-activity relationship. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2006, 72, 1010-1021.
136. Lee, S.; Park, H.S.; Notsu, Y.; Ban, H.S.; Kim, Y.P.; Ishihara, K.; Hirasawa, N.; Jung, S.H.; Lee, Y.S.; Lim, S.S.; Park, E.H.; Shin, K.H.; Seyama, T.; Hong, J.; Ohuchi, K. Effects of hyperin, isoquercitrin, and quercetin on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitrite production in rat peritoneal macrophages. Phytother. Res., 2008, 22, 1552-1556.
137. Sharma, V.; Mishra, M.; Ghosh, S.; Tewari, R.; Basu, A.; Seth, P.; Sen, E. Modulation of interleukin-1beta mediated inflammatory response in human astrocytes by flavonoids: Implications in Neuroprotection. Brain Res. Bull., 2007, 73, 55-63.
138. Deng, S.; Palu, K.; West, B.J.; Su, C.X.; Zhou, B.N.; Jensen, J.C. Lipoxygenase inhibitory constituents of the fruits of noni (Morin-dacitrifolia) collected in Tahiti. J. Nat. Prod., 2007, 70, 859-862.
139. Hamalainen, M.; Nieminen, R.; Vuorela, P.; Heinonen, M.; Moilanen, E. Anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoids: Genistein, kaempferol, quercetin, and daidzein inhibit STAT-1 and NF-kappaB activations, whereas flavone, isorhamnetin, naringenin, and pelargonidin inhibit only NF-kappaB activation along with their inhibitory effect on iNOS expression and NO production in activated macrophages. Mediators Inflamm., 2007, 2007, 456-473.
140. Kaneko, M.; Takimoto, H.; Sugiyama, T.; Seki, Y.; Kawaguchi, K.; Kumazawa, Y. Suppressive effects of the flavonoids quercetin and luteolin on the accumulation of lipid rafts after signal transduction via receptors. Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol., 2008, 30, 867-882.
141. Yamaguchi, M.; Hamamoto, R.; Uchiyama, S.; Ishiyama, K. Effects of flavonoid on calcium content in femoral tissue culture and parathyroid hormone-stimulated osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow culture in vitro. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 2007, 303, 83-88.
142. Kandere-Grzybowska, K.; Kempuraj, D.; Cao, J.; Cetrulo, C.L.; Theoharides, T.C. Regulation of IL-1-induced selective IL-6 release from human mast cells and inhibition by quercetin. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2006, 148, 208-215.
143. Middleton, E.; Drzewiecki, G. Flavonoid inhibition of human basophil histamine release stimulated by various agents. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1984, 33, 3333-3338.
144. Kanashiro, A.; Machado, R.R.; Malvar Ddo, C.; Aguiar, F.A.; Souza, G.E. Quercetin does not alter lipopolysaccharide-induced fever in rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 2008, 60, 357-362.
145. Joshi, U.; Gadge, A.S.; D’Mello, P.; Sinha, R.; Srivastava, S.; Govil, G. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer activity of Quercetin and its analogues. Int. J. Res. Pharm. Biomed. Sci., 2011, 2, 1756-1766.