HIV interaction with human host: HIV-2 As a model of a less virulent infection

AIDS Reviews

Volumn 18, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 44-53

  Azevedo Pereira, Jose Miguel ^a,b   Santos Costa, Quirina ^a,b  

^a RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR MEDICINES IMED ULISBOA   (Portugal)

^b Universidade de Usboa   (Portugal)

Author keywords

CD4 independent; Chemokine receptor; Envelope glycoprotein; HIV 2; Intrinsically disordered protein; Neutralization; Pathogenesis; V1 V2 region

Indexed keywords

CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS VACCINE;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; HOST CELL; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1 INFECTION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 2; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 2 INFECTION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; INFECTION CONTROL; PATHOGENESIS; REVIEW; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; VIRUS VIRULENCE; ASYMPTOMATIC DISEASE; HOST PATHOGEN INTERACTION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNOLOGY; PATHOGENICITY; VIROLOGY; VIRULENCE;

AIDS VACCINES; ASYMPTOMATIC DISEASES; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HIV-2; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; HUMANS; VIRULENCE;

EID: 84963959834     PISSN: 11396121     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (75)

1. Azevedo-Pereira JM, Santos-Costa Q, Moniz-Pereira J. HIV-2 infection and chemokine receptors usage - clues to reduced virulence of HIV-2. Curr HIV Res. 2005;3:3-16.
2. Lambotte O, Boufassa F, Madec Y, et al. HIV controllers: A homogeneous group of HIV-1-infected patients with spontaneous control of viral replication. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41:1053-6.
3. Barroca P, Calado M, Azevedo-Pereira JM. HIV/dendritic cell interaction: consequences in the pathogenesis of HIV infection. AIDS Rev. 2014;16:223-35.
4. Kong R, Li H, Bibollet-Ruche F, et al. Broad and potent neutralizing antibody responses elicited in natural HIV-2 infection. J Virol. 2012;86:947-60.
5. Ozkaya Sahin G, Holmgren B, da Silva ZJ, et al. Potent intratype neutralizing activity distinguishes human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) from HIV-1. J Virol. 2012;86:961-71.
6. De Silva TI, Aasa-Chapman MM, Cotten M, et al. Potent autologous and heterologous neutralizing antibody responses occur in HIV-2 infection across a broad range of infection outcomes. J Virol. 2012;86:930-46.
7. Barre-Sinoussi F, Chermann JC, Rey F, et al. Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Science. 1983;220:868-71.
8. Clavel F, Guetard D, Brun-Vezinet F, et al. Isolation of a new human retrovirus from West African patients with AIDS. Science. 1986;233:343-6.
9. Keele BF, Van Heuverswyn F, Li Y, et al. Chimpanzee reservoirs of pandemic and nonpandemic HIV-1. Science. 2006;313:523-6.
10. Lemey P, Pybus OG, Wang B, et al. Tracing the origin and history of the HIV-2 epidemic. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100:6588-92.
11. Sharp PM, Hahn BH. The evolution of HIV-1 and the origin of AIDS. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2010;365:2487-94.
12. Kanki P, Mboup S, Marlink R, et al. Prevalence and risk determinants of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in West African female prostitutes. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;136:895-907.
13. Burgard M, Jasseron C, Matheron S, et al. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-2 infection from 1986 to 2007 in the ANRS French Perinatal Cohort EPF-CO1. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51:833-43.
14. Haase AT. Early events in sexual transmission of HIV and SIV and opportunities for interventions. Annu Rev Med. 2011;62:127-39.
15. Cocchi F, DeVico AL, Garzino-Demo A, et al. Identification of RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, and MIP-1 beta as the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells. Science. 1995;270:1811-15.
16. Walker CM, Moody DJ, Stites DP, et al. CD8+ lymphocytes can control HIV infection in vitro by suppressing virus replication. Science. 1986;234:1563-6.
17. Feng Y, Broder CC, Kennedy PE, et al. HIV-1 entry cofactor: functional cDNA cloning of a seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor. Science. 1996;272:872-7.
18. Alkhatib G, Combadiere C, Broder CC, et al. CC CKR5: A RANTES, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta receptor as a fusion cofactor for macrophagetropic HIV-1. Science. 1996;272:1955-8.
19. Dean M, Carrington M, Winkler C, et al. Genetic restriction of HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS by a deletion allele of the CKR5 structural gene. Hemophilia Growth and Development Study, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study, San Francisco City Cohort, ALIVE Study. Science. 1996;273:1856-62.
20. Clapham PR, McKnight A. Cell surface receptors, virus entry and tropism of primate lentiviruses. J Gen Virol. 2002;83:1809-29.
21. Bron R, Klasse PJ, Wilkinson D, et al. Promiscuous use of CC and CXC chemokine receptors in cell-to-cell fusion mediated by a human immunodeficiency virus type 2 envelope protein. J Virol. 1997;71:8405-15.
22. Guillon C, van der Ende ME, Boers PHM, et al. Coreceptor usage of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 primary isolates and biological clones is broad and does not correlate with their syncytium-inducing capacities. J Virol. 1998;72:6260-3.
23. McKnight A, Dittmar MT, Moniz-Pereira J, et al. A broad range of chemokine receptors are used by primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 as coreceptors with CD4. J Virol. 1998;72:4065-71.
24. Whittle H, Morris J, Todd J, et al. HIV-2-infected patients survive longer than HIV-1-infected patients. AIDS. 1994;8:1617-20.
25. Poulsen AG, Aaby P, Larsen O, et al. 9-year HIV-2-associated mortality in an urban community in Bissau, West Africa. Lancet. 1997;349:911-14.
26. Marlink R, Kanki P, Thior I, et al. Reduced rate of disease development after HIV-2 infection as compared to HIV-1. Science. 1994;265:1587-90.
27. Esbjornsson J, Mansson F, Kvist A, et al. Increased survival among HIV-1 and HIV-2 dual-infected individuals compared to HIV-1 single-infected individuals. AIDS. 2014;28:949-57.
28. Reeves JD, Hibbitts S, Simmons G, et al. Primary human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) isolates infect CD4-negative cells via CCR5 and CXCR4: comparison with HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus and relevance to cell tropism in vivo. J Virol. 1999;73:7795-804.
29. Azevedo-Pereira JM, Santos-Costa Q, Taveira N, et al. Construction and characterization of CD4-independent infectious recombinant HIV-2 molecular clones. Virus Res. 2003;97:159-63.
30. Azevedo-Pereira JM, Santos-Costa Q, Mansinho K, et al. Identification and characterization of HIV-2 strains obtained from asymptomatic patients that do not use CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptors. Virology. 2003;313:136-46.
31. Santos-Costa Q, Parreira R, Moniz-Pereira J, et al. Molecular characterization of the env gene of two CCR5/CXCR4-independent human immunodeficiency 2 primary isolates. J Med Virol. 2009;81:1869-81.
32. Santos-Costa Q, Mansinho K, Moniz-Pereira J, et al. Characterization of HIV-2 chimeric viruses unable to use CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptors. Virus Res. 2009;142:41-50.
33. Moore JP. Simple methods for monitoring HIV-1 and HIV-2 gp120 binding to soluble CD4 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: HIV-2 has a 25-fold lower affinity than HIV-1 for soluble CD4. AIDS. 1990;4:297-305.
34. Bahraoui E, Benjouad A, Guetard D, et al. Study of the interaction of HIV-1 and HIV-2 envelope glycoproteins with the CD4 receptor and role of N-glycans. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1992;8:565-73.
35. Morikawa Y, Moore JP, Wilkinson AJ, et al. Reduction in CD4 binding affinity associated with removal of a single glycosylation site in the external glycoprotein of HIV-2. Virology. 1991;180:853-6.
36. Endres MJ, Clapham PR, Marsh M, et al. CD4-independent infection by HIV-2 is mediated by fusin/CXCR4. Cell. 1996;87:745-56.
37. Hoffman TL, LaBranche CC, Zhang W, et al. Stable exposure of the coreceptor-binding site in a CD4-independent HIV-1 envelope protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999;96:6359-64.
38. Kolchinsky P, Kiprilov E, Sodroski JG. Increased neutralization sensitivity of CD4-independent human immunodeficiency virus variants. J Virol. 2001;75:2041-50.
39. Yoshii H, Kamiyama H, Goto K, et al. CD4-independent human immunodeficiency virus infection involves participation of endocytosis and cathepsin B. PLoS One. 2011;6:e19352.
40. Yoshii H, Kamiyama H, Minematsu K, et al. Cathepsin L is required for ecotropic murine leukemia virus infection in NIH3T3 cells. Virology. 2009;394:227-34.
41. Kumar P, Nachagari D, Fields C, et al. Host cell cathepsins potentiate Moloney murine leukemia virus infection. J Virol. 2007;81:10506-14.
42. Chandran K, Sullivan NJ, Felbor U, et al. Endosomal proteolysis of the Ebola virus glycoprotein is necessary for infection. Science. 2005;308:1643-5.
43. Kubo Y, Hayashi H, Matsuyama T, et al. Retrovirus entry by endocytosis and cathepsin proteases. Adv Virol. 2012;2012:640894.
44. Connor RI, Sheridan KE, Ceradini D, et al. Change in coreceptor use correlates with disease progression in HIV-1-infected individuals. J Exp Med. 1997;185:621-8.
45. Tersmette M, Lange JM, de Goede RE, et al. Association between biological properties of human immunodeficiency virus variants and risk for AIDS and AIDS mortality. Lancet. 1989;1:983-5.
46. Calado M, Matoso P, Santos-Costa Q, et al. Coreceptor usage by HIV-1 and HIV-2 primary isolates: The relevance of CCR8 chemokine receptor as an alternative coreceptor. Virology. 2010;408:174-82.
47. Berkowitz RD, Beckerman KP, Schall TJ, et al. CXCR4 and CCR5 expression delineates targets for HIV-1 disruption of T cell differentiation. J Immunol. 1998;161:3702-10.
48. Jekle A, Keppler OT, de Clercq E, et al. In vivo evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 toward increased pathogenicity through CXCR4- mediated killing of uninfected CD4 T cells. J Virol. 2003;77:5846-54.
49. Salazar-Gonzalez JF, Salazar MG, Keele BF, et al. Genetic identity, biological phenotype, and evolutionary pathways of transmitted/founder viruses in acute and early HIV-1 infection. J Exp Med. 2009;206:1273-89.
50. Jiang C, Parrish NF, Wilen CB, et al. Primary infection by a human immunodeficiency virus with atypical coreceptor tropism. J Virol. 2011; 85:10669-81.
51. Reeves JD, Doms RW. Human immunodeficiency virus type 2. J Gen Virol. 2002;83:1253-65.
52. Santos-Costa Q, Lopes MM, Lopes M, et al. HIV-2 interaction with cell coreceptors: Amino acids within the V1/V2 region of viral envelope are determinant for CCR8, CCR5 and CXCR4 usage. Retrovirology. 2014; 11:99.
53. Wu Y, Yoder A. Chemokine coreceptor signaling in HIV-1 infection and pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog. 2009;5:e1000520.
54. Woods TC, Roberts BD, Butera ST, et al. Loss of inducible virus in CD45RA naive cells after human immunodeficiency virus-1 entry accounts for preferential viral replication in CD45RO memory cells. Blood. 1997;89:1635-41.
55. Xue B, Mizianty MJ, Kurgan L, et al. Protein intrinsic disorder as a flexible armor and a weapon of HIV-1. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2012;69:1211-59.
56. Tokuriki N, Oldfield CJ, Uversky VN, et al. Do viral proteins possess unique biophysical features? Trends Biochem Sci. 2009;34:53-9.
57. Liu J, Bartesaghi A, Borgnia MJ, et al. Molecular architecture of native HIV-1 gp120 trimers. Nature. 2008;455:109-13.
58. Choe H, Farzan M, Sun Y, et al. The beta-chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR5 facilitate infection by primary HIV-1 isolates. Cell. 1996;85:1135-48.
59. Cocchi F, DeVico AL, Garzino-Demo A, et al. The V3 domain of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein is critical for chemokine-mediated blockade of infection. Nat Med. 1996;2:1244-7.
60. Svicher V, Alteri C, Artese A, et al. Identification and structural characterization of novel genetic elements in the HIV-1 V3 loop regulating coreceptor usage. Antivir Ther. 2011;16:1035-45.
61. Albert J, Stalhandske P, Marquina S, et al. Biological phenotype of HIV type 2 isolates correlates with V3 genotype. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1996;12:821-8.
62. Isaka Y, Sato A, Miki S, et al. Small amino acid changes in the V3 loop of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 determines the coreceptor usage for CXCR4 and CCR5. Virology. 1999;264:237-43.
63. Shi Y, Brandin E, Vincic E, et al. Evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 coreceptor usage, autologous neutralization, envelope sequence and glycosylation. J Gen Virol. 2005;86:3385-96.
64. Visseaux B, Hurtado-Nedelec M, Charpentier C, et al. Molecular determinants of HIV-2 R5-X4 tropism in the V3 loop: Development of a new genotypic tool. J Infect Dis. 2012;205:111-20.
65. Owen SM, Ellenberger D, Rayfield M, et al. Genetically divergent strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 use multiple coreceptors for viral entry. J Virol. 1998;72:5425-32.
66. Kulkarni S, Tripathy S, Agnihotri K, et al. Indian primary HIV-2 isolates and relationship between V3 genotype, biological phenotype and coreceptor usage. Virology. 2005;337:68-75.
67. Lyumkis D, Julien J-P, de Val N, et al. Cryo-EM structure of a fully glycosylated soluble cleaved HIV-1 envelope trimer. Science. 2013;342: 1484-90.
68. Julien J-P, Cupo A, Sok D, et al. Crystal structure of a soluble cleaved HIV-1 envelope trimer. Science. 2013;342:1477-83.
69. Pinter A, Honnen WJ, He Y, et al. The V1/V2 domain of gp120 is a global regulator of the sensitivity of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates to neutralization by antibodies commonly induced upon infection. J Virol. 2004;78:5205-15.
70. Rusert P, Krarup A, Magnus C, et al. Interaction of the gp120 V1V2 loop with a neighboring gp120 unit shields the HIV envelope trimer against cross-neutralizing antibodies. J Exp Med. 2011;208:1419-33.
71. Barroso H, Borrego P, Bartolo I, et al. Evolutionary and structural features of the C2, V3 and C3 envelope regions underlying the differences in HIV-1 and HIV-2 biology and infection. PLoS One. 2011;6:e14548.
72. McKnight A, Shotton C, Corbeil J, et al. Location, exposure, and conservation of neutralizing and nonneutralizing epitopes on human immunodeficiency virus type 2 SU glycoprotein. J Virol. 1996;70:4598-606.
73. Haynes BF, Gilbert PB, McElrath MJ, et al. Immune-correlates analysis of an HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1275-86.
74. Hamoudi M, Simon-Loriere E, Gasser R, et al. Genetic diversity of the highly variable V1 region interferes with Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 envelope functionality. Retrovirology. 2013;10:114.
75. Marcelino JM, Borrego P, Nilsson C, et al. Resistance to antibody neutralization in HIV-2 infection occurs in late stage disease and is associated with X4 tropism. AIDS. 2012;26:2275-84.