메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 118-131

Current Treatment, Emerging Translational Therapies, and New Therapeutic Targets for Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis

Author keywords

Autoimmune; Immunomodulation; Myasthenia gravis; Neuromuscular junction

Indexed keywords

AUTOANTIBODY; AZATHIOPRINE; BELIMUMAB; BORTEZOMIB; BRODALUMAB; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYCLOSPORIN A; CYTOKINE; CYTOKINE RECEPTOR; DACLIZUMAB; ECULIZUMAB; FC RECEPTOR; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; IXEKIZUMAB; METHOTREXATE; MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL; PEPTIDE VACCINE; PREDNISONE; PYRIDOSTIGMINE; RITUXIMAB; SECUKINUMAB; TACROLIMUS; COMPLEMENT INHIBITOR;

EID: 84955333683     PISSN: 19337213     EISSN: 18787479     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13311-015-0398-y     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (54)

References (157)
  • 2
    • 64349115066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune myasthenia gravis: emerging clinical and biological heterogeneity
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXlsVajsbs%3D, PID: 19375665
    • Meriggioli MN, Sanders DB. Autoimmune myasthenia gravis: emerging clinical and biological heterogeneity. Lancet Neurol 2009;8:475-490.
    • (2009) Lancet Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 475-490
    • Meriggioli, M.N.1    Sanders, D.B.2
  • 3
    • 84939427681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thymoma related myasthenia gravis in humans and potential animal models
    • PID: 25700911
    • Marx A, Porubsky S, Belharazem D, et al. Thymoma related myasthenia gravis in humans and potential animal models. Exp Neurol 2015;270:55-65
    • (2015) Exp Neurol , vol.270 , pp. 55-65
    • Marx, A.1    Porubsky, S.2    Belharazem, D.3
  • 5
    • 84925787100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and scientific aspects of muscle-specific tyrosine kinase-related myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhsFWhu7zL, PID: 25159928
    • Reddel SW, Morsch M, Phillips WD. Clinical and scientific aspects of muscle-specific tyrosine kinase-related myasthenia gravis. Curr Opin Neurol 2014;27:558-565.
    • (2014) Curr Opin Neurol , vol.27 , pp. 558-565
    • Reddel, S.W.1    Morsch, M.2    Phillips, W.D.3
  • 6
    • 0023074552 scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholine receptor antibody in myasthenia gravis: Predominance of IgG subclasses 1 and 3
    • PID: 3621677
    • Rødgaard A, Nielsen FC, Djurup R, Somnier F, Gammeltoft S. Acetylcholine receptor antibody in myasthenia gravis: Predominance of IgG subclasses 1 and 3. Clin Exp Immunol 1987;67:82-88.
    • (1987) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.67 , pp. 82-88
    • Rødgaard, A.1    Nielsen, F.C.2    Djurup, R.3    Somnier, F.4    Gammeltoft, S.5
  • 7
    • 0023625137 scopus 로고
    • The membrane attack complex of complement at the endplate in myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL1c%2FnsFKjsg%3D%3D, PID: 3318619
    • Engel AG, Arahata. The membrane attack complex of complement at the endplate in myasthenia gravis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1987;505:326-332.
    • (1987) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.505 , pp. 326-332
    • Engel, A.G.1    Arahata2
  • 8
    • 0018101013 scopus 로고
    • Myasthenic antibodies cross-link acetylcholine receptors to accelerate degradation
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaE1cXksVSmtrs%3D, PID: 643030
    • Drachman DB, Angus CW, Adams RN, Michelson JD, Hoffman GJ. Myasthenic antibodies cross-link acetylcholine receptors to accelerate degradation. N Engl J Med 1978;298:1116-1122.
    • (1978) N Engl J Med , vol.298 , pp. 1116-1122
    • Drachman, D.B.1    Angus, C.W.2    Adams, R.N.3    Michelson, J.D.4    Hoffman, G.J.5
  • 9
    • 0019944059 scopus 로고
    • Functional activities of autoantibodies to acetylcholine receptors and the clinical severity of myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL383nt1WqsQ%3D%3D, PID: 7110241
    • Drachman DB, Adams RN, Josifek LF, Self S. Functional activities of autoantibodies to acetylcholine receptors and the clinical severity of myasthenia gravis. N Engl J Med 1982;307:769-775.
    • (1982) N Engl J Med , vol.307 , pp. 769-775
    • Drachman, D.B.1    Adams, R.N.2    Josifek, L.F.3    Self, S.4
  • 10
    • 77955889499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibody effector mechanisms in myasthenia gravis-pathogenesis at the neuromuscular junction
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtVCntLzI, PID: 20380584
    • Gomez AM, Van Den Broeck J, Vrolix K, et al. Antibody effector mechanisms in myasthenia gravis-pathogenesis at the neuromuscular junction. Autoimmunity 2010;43:353-370.
    • (2010) Autoimmunity , vol.43 , pp. 353-370
    • Gomez, A.M.1    Van Den Broeck, J.2    Vrolix, K.3
  • 11
    • 0025094362 scopus 로고
    • Immunodominant regions for T helper-cell sensitization on the human nicotinic receptor alpha subunit in myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXit1anug%3D%3D, PID: 2145582
    • Protti MP, Manfredi AA, Straub C, Howard JF Jr, Conti-Tronconi BM. Immunodominant regions for T helper-cell sensitization on the human nicotinic receptor alpha subunit in myasthenia gravis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990;87:7792-7796.
    • (1990) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.87 , pp. 7792-7796
    • Protti, M.P.1    Manfredi, A.A.2    Straub, C.3    Howard, J.F.4    Conti-Tronconi, B.M.5
  • 12
    • 0031923077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-cell recognition of muscle acetylcholine receptor subunits in generalized and ocular myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK1c3is1Sntg%3D%3D, PID: 9566393
    • Wang ZY, Okita DK, Howard J Jr, Conti-Fine BM. T-cell recognition of muscle acetylcholine receptor subunits in generalized and ocular myasthenia gravis. Neurology 1998;50:1045-1054.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 1045-1054
    • Wang, Z.Y.1    Okita, D.K.2    Howard, J.3    Conti-Fine, B.M.4
  • 14
    • 77955877122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thymoma and paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtVCntLzN, PID: 20380583
    • Marx A, Willcox N, Leite MI, et al. Thymoma and paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis. Autoimmunity 2010;43:413-427.
    • (2010) Autoimmunity , vol.43 , pp. 413-427
    • Marx, A.1    Willcox, N.2    Leite, M.I.3
  • 15
    • 84879167018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiology of myasthenia gravis: Innate immunity signature in pathological thymus
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXlvV2rtLg%3D, PID: 23535157
    • Cavalcante P, Cufi P, Mantegazza R, Berrih-Aknin S, Bernasconi P, Le Panse R. Etiology of myasthenia gravis: Innate immunity signature in pathological thymus. Autoimmun Rev 2013;12:863-874.
    • (2013) Autoimmun Rev , vol.12 , pp. 863-874
    • Cavalcante, P.1    Cufi, P.2    Mantegazza, R.3    Berrih-Aknin, S.4    Bernasconi, P.5    Le Panse, R.6
  • 16
    • 0035881829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic hypermutation and selection of B cells in thymic germinal centers responding to acetylcholine receptor in myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlvFeqtLs%3D, PID: 11489973
    • Sims GP, Shiono H, Willcox N, Stott DI. Somatic hypermutation and selection of B cells in thymic germinal centers responding to acetylcholine receptor in myasthenia gravis. J Immunol 2001;167:1935-1944.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.167 , pp. 1935-1944
    • Sims, G.P.1    Shiono, H.2    Willcox, N.3    Stott, D.I.4
  • 17
    • 84872760566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation and Epstein-Barr virus infection are common features of myasthenia gravis thymus: possible roles in pathogenesis
    • PID: 21961056
    • Cavalcante P, Maggi L, Colleoni L, et al. Inflammation and Epstein-Barr virus infection are common features of myasthenia gravis thymus: possible roles in pathogenesis. Autoimmune Dis 2011;2011:213092.
    • (2011) Autoimmune Dis , vol.2011 , pp. 213092
    • Cavalcante, P.1    Maggi, L.2    Colleoni, L.3
  • 18
    • 0017889981 scopus 로고
    • In-vitro synthesis of anti-acetylcholine-receptor antibody by thymic lymphocytes in myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaE1c7ht12jtw%3D%3D, PID: 75339
    • Vincent A, Scadding GK, Thomas HC, Newsom-Davis J. In-vitro synthesis of anti-acetylcholine-receptor antibody by thymic lymphocytes in myasthenia gravis. Lancet 1978;1:305-307
    • (1978) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 305-307
    • Vincent, A.1    Scadding, G.K.2    Thomas, H.C.3    Newsom-Davis, J.4
  • 19
    • 33745939483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chemokine CXCL13 is a key molecule in autoimmune myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XntFehtrc%3D, PID: 16543475
    • Meraouna A, Cizeron-Clairac G, Panse RL, et al. The chemokine CXCL13 is a key molecule in autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Blood 2006;108:432-440.
    • (2006) Blood , vol.108 , pp. 432-440
    • Meraouna, A.1    Cizeron-Clairac, G.2    Panse, R.L.3
  • 20
    • 84964314846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations of the immune system in thymic malignancies
    • PID: 25396311
    • Weksler B, Lu B. Alterations of the immune system in thymic malignancies. J Thorac Oncol 2014;9(9 Suppl. 2):S137-S142.
    • (2014) J Thorac Oncol , vol.9 , pp. S137-S142
    • Weksler, B.1    Lu, B.2
  • 21
    • 79959324658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-MuSK antibody myasthenia gravis: clinical findings and response to treatment in two large cohorts
    • PID: 21674519
    • Guptill JT, Sanders DB, Evoli A. Anti-MuSK antibody myasthenia gravis: clinical findings and response to treatment in two large cohorts. Muscle Nerve 2011;44:36-40.
    • (2011) Muscle Nerve , vol.44 , pp. 36-40
    • Guptill, J.T.1    Sanders, D.B.2    Evoli, A.3
  • 22
    • 46749148845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-MuSK patient antibodies disrupt the mouse neuromuscular junction
    • PID: 18384168
    • Cole RN, Reddel SW, Gervasio OL, Phillips WD. Anti-MuSK patient antibodies disrupt the mouse neuromuscular junction. Ann Neurol 2008;63:782-789.
    • (2008) Ann Neurol , vol.63 , pp. 782-789
    • Cole, R.N.1    Reddel, S.W.2    Gervasio, O.L.3    Phillips, W.D.4
  • 23
    • 78650479011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is IgG4? A review of the biology of a unique immunoglobulin subtype
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsFSlsrnJ, PID: 21124094
    • Nirula A, Glaser SM, Kalled SL, Taylor FR. What is IgG4? A review of the biology of a unique immunoglobulin subtype. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2011;23:119-124.
    • (2011) Curr Opin Rheumatol , vol.23 , pp. 119-124
    • Nirula, A.1    Glaser, S.M.2    Kalled, S.L.3    Taylor, F.R.4
  • 24
    • 20044374002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fewer thymic changes in MuSK antibody-positive than in MuSK antibody-negative MG
    • PID: 15732104
    • Leite MI, Strobel P, Jones M, et al. Fewer thymic changes in MuSK antibody-positive than in MuSK antibody-negative MG. Ann Neurol 2005;57:444-448.
    • (2005) Ann Neurol , vol.57 , pp. 444-448
    • Leite, M.I.1    Strobel, P.2    Jones, M.3
  • 25
    • 84948080769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunology of IgG4-related disease
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhtFyls7%2FN, PID: 25865251
    • Della-Torre E, Lanzillotta M, Doglioni C. Immunology of IgG4-related disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2015;181:191-206.
    • (2015) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.181 , pp. 191-206
    • Della-Torre, E.1    Lanzillotta, M.2    Doglioni, C.3
  • 26
    • 84904314724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in MuSK myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXislymtA%3D%3D, PID: 24378287
    • Yi JS, Guidon A, Sparks S, et al. Characterization of CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in MuSK myasthenia gravis. J Autoimmun 2014;52:130-138.
    • (2014) J Autoimmun , vol.52 , pp. 130-138
    • Yi, J.S.1    Guidon, A.2    Sparks, S.3
  • 27
    • 85014290751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of B Cells in Muscle Specific Kinase Antibody Myasthenia Gravis
    • PID: 25745635
    • Guptill JT, Yi JS, Sanders DB, et al. Characterization of B Cells in Muscle Specific Kinase Antibody Myasthenia Gravis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2015;2:e77.
    • (2015) Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm , vol.2 , pp. e77
    • Guptill, J.T.1    Yi, J.S.2    Sanders, D.B.3
  • 28
    • 84859939384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoantibodies to lipoprotein-related protein 4 in patients with double-seronegative myasthenia gravis
    • PID: 22158716
    • Zhang B, Tzartos JS, Belimezi M, et al. Autoantibodies to lipoprotein-related protein 4 in patients with double-seronegative myasthenia gravis. Arch Neurol 2012;69:445-451.
    • (2012) Arch Neurol , vol.69 , pp. 445-451
    • Zhang, B.1    Tzartos, J.S.2    Belimezi, M.3
  • 29
    • 84955407867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibodies against low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 induce myasthenia gravis
    • Shen C, Lu Y, Zhang B, et al. Antibodies against low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 induce myasthenia gravis. Clin Exp Immunol 2015;181:191-206.
    • (2015) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.181 , pp. 191-206
    • Shen, C.1    Lu, Y.2    Zhang, B.3
  • 30
    • 84897981976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoantibodies to agrin in myasthenia gravis patients
    • Gasperi C, Melms A, Schoser B, et al. Autoantibodies to agrin in myasthenia gravis patients. PLoS One 2014;9:e91816.
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9 , pp. e91816
    • Gasperi, C.1    Melms, A.2    Schoser, B.3
  • 31
    • 14844334966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Striational antibodies in myasthenia gravis. Reactivity and possible clinical significance
    • PID: 15767509
    • Romi F, Skeie GO, Gilhus NE, Aarli JA. Striational antibodies in myasthenia gravis. Reactivity and possible clinical significance. Arch Neurol 2005;62:442-446.
    • (2005) Arch Neurol , vol.62 , pp. 442-446
    • Romi, F.1    Skeie, G.O.2    Gilhus, N.E.3    Aarli, J.A.4
  • 32
    • 84908142484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortactin autoantibodies in myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhsFSjtb7N, PID: 25193850
    • Gallardo E, Martínez-Hernández E, Titulaer MJ, et al. Cortactin autoantibodies in myasthenia gravis. Autoimmun Rev 2014;13:1003-1007.
    • (2014) Autoimmun Rev , vol.13 , pp. 1003-1007
    • Gallardo, E.1    Martínez-Hernández, E.2    Titulaer, M.J.3
  • 33
    • 46849112624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IgG1 antibodies to acetylcholine receptors in 'seronegative' myasthenia gravis
    • PID: 18515870
    • Leite MI, Jacob S, Viegas S, et al. IgG1 antibodies to acetylcholine receptors in 'seronegative' myasthenia gravis. Brain 2008;131:1940-1952.
    • (2008) Brain , vol.131 , pp. 1940-1952
    • Leite, M.I.1    Jacob, S.2    Viegas, S.3
  • 34
    • 84865644986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presence and pathogenic relevance of antibodies to clustered acetylcholine receptor in ocular and generalized myasthenia gravis
    • PID: 22689047
    • Jacob S, Viegas S, Leite MI, et al. Presence and pathogenic relevance of antibodies to clustered acetylcholine receptor in ocular and generalized myasthenia gravis. Arch Neurol 2012;69:994-1001.
    • (2012) Arch Neurol , vol.69 , pp. 994-1001
    • Jacob, S.1    Viegas, S.2    Leite, M.I.3
  • 35
    • 84931024513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical features and diagnostic usefulness of antibodies to clustered acetylcholine receptors in the diagnosis of seronegative myasthenia gravis
    • PID: 25894002
    • Rodríguez Cruz PM, Al-Hajjar M, Huda S, et al. Clinical features and diagnostic usefulness of antibodies to clustered acetylcholine receptors in the diagnosis of seronegative myasthenia gravis. JAMA Neurol 2015;72:642-649.
    • (2015) JAMA Neurol , vol.72 , pp. 642-649
    • Rodríguez Cruz, P.M.1    Al-Hajjar, M.2    Huda, S.3
  • 36
    • 38949099991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifetime course of myasthenia gravis
    • PID: 18059039
    • Grob D, Brunner N, Namba T, Pagala M. Lifetime course of myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve 2008;37:141-149.
    • (2008) Muscle Nerve , vol.37 , pp. 141-149
    • Grob, D.1    Brunner, N.2    Namba, T.3    Pagala, M.4
  • 37
    • 33745700892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic neuromuscular hyperactivity in patients with myasthenia gravis seropositive for MuSK antibody
    • PID: 16453324
    • Punga AR, Flink R, Askmark H, Stålberg EV. Cholinergic neuromuscular hyperactivity in patients with myasthenia gravis seropositive for MuSK antibody. Muscle Nerve 2006;34:111-115.
    • (2006) Muscle Nerve , vol.34 , pp. 111-115
    • Punga, A.R.1    Flink, R.2    Askmark, H.3    Stålberg, E.V.4
  • 38
    • 0026517755 scopus 로고
    • Long-term results of corticosteroid therapy in patients with myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK383isFShsg%3D%3D, PID: 1563453
    • Evoli A, Batocchi AP, Palmisani MT, Lo Monaco M, Tonali P. Long-term results of corticosteroid therapy in patients with myasthenia gravis. Eur Neurol 1992;32:37-43.
    • (1992) Eur Neurol , vol.32 , pp. 37-43
    • Evoli, A.1    Batocchi, A.P.2    Palmisani, M.T.3    Lo Monaco, M.4    Tonali, P.5
  • 39
    • 0021329141 scopus 로고
    • Long-term corticosteroid treatment of myasthenia gravis: report of 116 patients
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL2c3gtFKnsg%3D%3D, PID: 6721451
    • Pascuzzi RM, Coslett HB, Johns TR. Long-term corticosteroid treatment of myasthenia gravis: report of 116 patients. Ann Neurol 1984;15:291-298.
    • (1984) Ann Neurol , vol.15 , pp. 291-298
    • Pascuzzi, R.M.1    Coslett, H.B.2    Johns, T.R.3
  • 41
    • 0022521889 scopus 로고
    • Prednisone-induced worsening of neuromuscular function in myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL283gsVWmsg%3D%3D, PID: 3703276
    • Miller RG, Milner-Brown HS, Mirka A. Prednisone-induced worsening of neuromuscular function in myasthenia gravis. Neurology 1986;36:729-732.
    • (1986) Neurology , vol.36 , pp. 729-732
    • Miller, R.G.1    Milner-Brown, H.S.2    Mirka, A.3
  • 42
    • 0031747483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized double-blind trial of prednisolone alone or with azathioprine in myasthenia gravis. Myasthenia Gravis Study Group
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXktFOisbw%3D, PID: 9633727
    • Palace J, Newsom-Davis J, Lecky B. A randomized double-blind trial of prednisolone alone or with azathioprine in myasthenia gravis. Myasthenia Gravis Study Group. Neurology 1998;50:1778-1783.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 1778-1783
    • Palace, J.1    Newsom-Davis, J.2    Lecky, B.3
  • 43
    • 77955888510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppressive therapies in myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtVCntLzM, PID: 20166870
    • Sanders DB, Evoli A. Immunosuppressive therapies in myasthenia gravis. Autoimmunity 2010;43:428-435.
    • (2010) Autoimmunity , vol.43 , pp. 428-435
    • Sanders, D.B.1    Evoli, A.2
  • 44
    • 0025860318 scopus 로고
    • Extrathymic malignancy in patients with myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK3M3pvFertQ%3D%3D, PID: 1829916
    • Monden Y, Uyama T, Kimura S, Taniki T. Extrathymic malignancy in patients with myasthenia gravis. Eur J Cancer 1991;27:745.
    • (1991) Eur J Cancer , vol.27 , pp. 745
    • Monden, Y.1    Uyama, T.2    Kimura, S.3    Taniki, T.4
  • 45
    • 35349027343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymphoma risk in inflammatory bowel disease: is it the disease or its treatment?
    • PID: 17600819
    • Jones JL, Loftus EV Jr. Lymphoma risk in inflammatory bowel disease: is it the disease or its treatment? Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007;13:1299-1307.
    • (2007) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.13 , pp. 1299-1307
    • Jones, J.L.1    Loftus, E.V.2
  • 46
    • 0031001759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical trial of plasma exchange and high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in myasthenia gravis. Myasthenia Gravis Clinical Study Group
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXktlyqsL4%3D, PID: 9189040
    • Gajdos P, Chevret S, Clair B, et al. Clinical trial of plasma exchange and high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in myasthenia gravis. Myasthenia Gravis Clinical Study Group. Ann Neurol 1997;41:789-796.
    • (1997) Ann Neurol , vol.41 , pp. 789-796
    • Gajdos, P.1    Chevret, S.2    Clair, B.3
  • 47
    • 0033851544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic apheresis in myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmslSgurc%3D, PID: 10975473
    • Batocchi AP, Evoli A, Dischino C, Tonali P. Therapeutic apheresis in myasthenia gravis. Ther Apher 2000;4:275-279.
    • (2000) Ther Apher , vol.4 , pp. 275-279
    • Batocchi, A.P.1    Evoli, A.2    Dischino, C.3    Tonali, P.4
  • 48
    • 34047230056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IV immunoglobulin in patients with myasthenia gravis: a randomized controlled trial
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXisFyhu7s%3D, PID: 17353471
    • Zinman L, Ng E, Bril V. IV immunoglobulin in patients with myasthenia gravis: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology 2007;68:837-841.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.68 , pp. 837-841
    • Zinman, L.1    Ng, E.2    Bril, V.3
  • 49
    • 79958765623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of IVIg and PLEX in patients with myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3MrnvF2lsg%3D%3D, PID: 21562253
    • Barth D, Nabavi Nouri M, Ng E, Nwe P, Bril V. Comparison of IVIg and PLEX in patients with myasthenia gravis. Neurology 2011;76:2017-2023.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76 , pp. 2017-2023
    • Barth, D.1    Nabavi Nouri, M.2    Ng, E.3    Nwe, P.4    Bril, V.5
  • 50
    • 33645522230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myasthenia gravis: disease severity and prognosis
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD283jtVCgsQ%3D%3D, PID: 16637923
    • Romi F, Gilhus NE, Aarli JA. Myasthenia gravis: disease severity and prognosis. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 2006;183:24-25.
    • (2006) Acta Neurol Scand Suppl , vol.183 , pp. 24-25
    • Romi, F.1    Gilhus, N.E.2    Aarli, J.A.3
  • 51
    • 0034641233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice parameter: thymectomy for autoimmune myasthenia gravis (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3czovVOltQ%3D%3D, PID: 10891896
    • Gronseth RS, Barohn RJ. Practice parameter: thymectomy for autoimmune myasthenia gravis (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2000;55:7-15.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.55 , pp. 7-15
    • Gronseth, R.S.1    Barohn, R.J.2
  • 52
    • 0242336467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical correlates with anti-MuSK antibodies in generalized seronegative myasthenia gravis
    • PID: 12821509
    • Evoli A, Tonali PA, Padua L, et al. Clinical correlates with anti-MuSK antibodies in generalized seronegative myasthenia gravis. Brain 2003;126:2304-2311.
    • (2003) Brain , vol.126 , pp. 2304-2311
    • Evoli, A.1    Tonali, P.A.2    Padua, L.3
  • 53
    • 33747035017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-MuSK antibodies: correlation with myasthenia gravis severity
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xntl2mt78%3D, PID: 16894117
    • Bartoccioni E, Scuderi F, Minicuci GM, Mariano M, Ciaraffa F, Evoli E. Anti-MuSK antibodies: correlation with myasthenia gravis severity. Neurology 2006;67:505-507.
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.67 , pp. 505-507
    • Bartoccioni, E.1    Scuderi, F.2    Minicuci, G.M.3    Mariano, M.4    Ciaraffa, F.5    Evoli, E.6
  • 54
    • 84861855230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-LRP4 autoantibodies in AChR- and MuSK-antibody-negative myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XjsF2lu7s%3D, PID: 21814823
    • Pevzner A, Schoser B, Peters K, et al. Anti-LRP4 autoantibodies in AChR- and MuSK-antibody-negative myasthenia gravis. J Neurol 2012;259:427-435.
    • (2012) J Neurol , vol.259 , pp. 427-435
    • Pevzner, A.1    Schoser, B.2    Peters, K.3
  • 55
    • 77958020886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting lymphocyte co-stimulation: from bench to bedside
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXht12ns7%2FI, PID: 20429850
    • Felix NJ, Suri A, Salter-Cid L, et al. Targeting lymphocyte co-stimulation: from bench to bedside. Autoimmunity 2010;43:514-525.
    • (2010) Autoimmunity , vol.43 , pp. 514-525
    • Felix, N.J.1    Suri, A.2    Salter-Cid, L.3
  • 56
    • 84906846048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging co-signaling networks in T cell immune regulation
    • PID: 24198743
    • Jung K, Choi I. Emerging co-signaling networks in T cell immune regulation. Immune Netw 2013;13:184-193.
    • (2013) Immune Netw , vol.13 , pp. 184-193
    • Jung, K.1    Choi, I.2
  • 57
    • 84875463042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of T cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition
    • PID: 23470321
    • Chen L, Flies DB. Molecular mechanisms of T cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition. Nat Rev Immunol 2013;13:227-242.
    • (2013) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.13 , pp. 227-242
    • Chen, L.1    Flies, D.B.2
  • 58
    • 0024327899 scopus 로고
    • Clonal expansion vs functional clonal inactivation: a costimulatory signaling pathway determines the outcome of T cell antigen receptor occupancy
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL1M3ivVKntQ%3D%3D, PID: 2653373
    • Mueller DL, Jenkins MK, Schwartz RH. Clonal expansion vs functional clonal inactivation: a costimulatory signaling pathway determines the outcome of T cell antigen receptor occupancy. Annu Rev Immunol 1989;7:445-480.
    • (1989) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.7 , pp. 445-480
    • Mueller, D.L.1    Jenkins, M.K.2    Schwartz, R.H.3
  • 59
    • 84879978005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abatacept: a review of its use in the management of rheumatoid arthritis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhvVWlsr%2FP, PID: 23794171
    • Keating GM. Abatacept: a review of its use in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Drugs 2013;73:1095-1119.
    • (2013) Drugs , vol.73 , pp. 1095-1119
    • Keating, G.M.1
  • 60
    • 84873396202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting the B7 family of co-stimulatory molecules: successes and challenges
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhsl2nsbbM, PID: 23329394
    • Podojil JR, Miller SD. Targeting the B7 family of co-stimulatory molecules: successes and challenges. BioDrugs 2013;27:1-13.
    • (2013) BioDrugs , vol.27 , pp. 1-13
    • Podojil, J.R.1    Miller, S.D.2
  • 61
    • 84862741536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abatacept for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XptFagurY%3D, PID: 22504093
    • Sandborn WJ, Colombel JF, Sands BE, et al. Abatacept for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 2012;143:62-69.
    • (2012) Gastroenterology , vol.143 , pp. 62-69
    • Sandborn, W.J.1    Colombel, J.F.2    Sands, B.E.3
  • 62
    • 84929029422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells contribute to the loss of B-cell tolerance in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXks12hu7k%3D, PID: 25676041
    • Schaffert H, Pelz A, Saxena A, et al. IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells contribute to the loss of B-cell tolerance in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Eur J Immunol 2015;45:1339-1347.
    • (2015) Eur J Immunol , vol.45 , pp. 1339-1347
    • Schaffert, H.1    Pelz, A.2    Saxena, A.3
  • 63
    • 84904345525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Both Treg cells and Tconv cells are defective in the Myasthenia gravis thymus: roles of IL-17 and TNF-α
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXltVymug%3D%3D, PID: 24405842
    • Gradolatto A, Nazzal D, Truffault F, et al. Both Treg cells and Tconv cells are defective in the Myasthenia gravis thymus: roles of IL-17 and TNF-α. J Autoimmun 2014;52:53-63.
    • (2014) J Autoimmun , vol.52 , pp. 53-63
    • Gradolatto, A.1    Nazzal, D.2    Truffault, F.3
  • 64
    • 0036710498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal expression of CTLA-4 by T cells from patients with myasthenia gravis: effect of an AT-rich gene sequence
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XmvVWqur4%3D, PID: 12225905
    • Wang XB, Kakoulidou M, Giscombe R, et al. Abnormal expression of CTLA-4 by T cells from patients with myasthenia gravis: effect of an AT-rich gene sequence. J Neuroimmunol 2002;130:224-232.
    • (2002) J Neuroimmunol , vol.130 , pp. 224-232
    • Wang, X.B.1    Kakoulidou, M.2    Giscombe, R.3
  • 65
    • 84928142532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-wide association study of myasthenia gravis
    • PID: 25643325
    • Renton AE, Pliner HA, Provenzano C, et al. A genome-wide association study of myasthenia gravis. JAMA Neurol 2015;72:396-404.
    • (2015) JAMA Neurol , vol.72 , pp. 396-404
    • Renton, A.E.1    Pliner, H.A.2    Provenzano, C.3
  • 66
    • 0242486678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of immune and autoimmune responses by ICOS
    • PID: 14599850
    • Dong C, Nurieva RI. Regulation of immune and autoimmune responses by ICOS. J Autoimmun 2003;21:255-260.
    • (2003) J Autoimmun , vol.21 , pp. 255-260
    • Dong, C.1    Nurieva, R.I.2
  • 67
    • 3242721247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ICOS is essential for the development of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXlslyhu7o%3D, PID: 15265659
    • Scott BG, Yang H, Tüzün E, Dong C, Flavell RA, Christadoss P. ICOS is essential for the development of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. J Neuroimmunol 2004;153:16-25.
    • (2004) J Neuroimmunol , vol.153 , pp. 16-25
    • Scott, B.G.1    Yang, H.2    Tüzün, E.3    Dong, C.4    Flavell, R.A.5    Christadoss, P.6
  • 68
    • 65049085223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining dose-response relationships in the therapeutic blockade of B7RP-1-dependent immune responses
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXltV2isrk%3D, PID: 19292985
    • Metz DP, Mohn D, Zhang M, et al. Defining dose-response relationships in the therapeutic blockade of B7RP-1-dependent immune responses. Eur J Pharmacol 2009;610:110-118.
    • (2009) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.610 , pp. 110-118
    • Metz, D.P.1    Mohn, D.2    Zhang, M.3
  • 69
    • 77955965216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OX40-OX40 ligand interaction in T-cell-mediated immunity and immunopathology
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtFSnurfN, PID: 20510730
    • Ishii N, Takahashi T, Soroosh P, Sugamura K. OX40-OX40 ligand interaction in T-cell-mediated immunity and immunopathology. Adv Immunol 2010;105:63-98.
    • (2010) Adv Immunol , vol.105 , pp. 63-98
    • Ishii, N.1    Takahashi, T.2    Soroosh, P.3    Sugamura, K.4
  • 70
    • 65349112520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The significance of OX40 and OX40L to T-cell biology and immune disease
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsFGls7nN, PID: 19426222
    • Croft M, So T, Duan W, Soroosh P. The significance of OX40 and OX40L to T-cell biology and immune disease. Immunol Rev 2009;229:173-191.
    • (2009) Immunol Rev , vol.229 , pp. 173-191
    • Croft, M.1    So, T.2    Duan, W.3    Soroosh, P.4
  • 71
    • 79951814996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GM-CSF-induced, bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells can expand natural Tregs and induce adaptive Tregs by different mechanisms
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXkvVWqs78%3D, PID: 21048215
    • Bhattacharya P, Gopisetty A, Ganesh BB, Sheng JR, Prabhakar BS. GM-CSF-induced, bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells can expand natural Tregs and induce adaptive Tregs by different mechanisms. J Leukoc Biol 2011;89:235-249.
    • (2011) J Leukoc Biol , vol.89 , pp. 235-249
    • Bhattacharya, P.1    Gopisetty, A.2    Ganesh, B.B.3    Sheng, J.R.4    Prabhakar, B.S.5
  • 72
    • 84908617579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daclizumab (anti-CD25) in multiple sclerosis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXovFequrg%3D, PID: 24768797
    • Pfender N, Martin R. Daclizumab (anti-CD25) in multiple sclerosis. Exp Neurol 2014;262:44-51.
    • (2014) Exp Neurol , vol.262 , pp. 44-51
    • Pfender, N.1    Martin, R.2
  • 73
    • 2442484053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + regulatory T cells for immunologoic self-tolerance and negative control of immune responses
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXktlOgsLo%3D, PID: 15032588
    • + regulatory T cells for immunologoic self-tolerance and negative control of immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol 2004;22:531-562.
    • (2004) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.22 , pp. 531-562
    • Sakaguchi, S.1
  • 74
    • 1242317790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular aspects of regulatory T cell development
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXht1Khtbw%3D, PID: 15036230
    • Fontenot JD, Rudensky AY. Molecular aspects of regulatory T cell development. Semin Immunol 2004;16:73-80.
    • (2004) Semin Immunol , vol.16 , pp. 73-80
    • Fontenot, J.D.1    Rudensky, A.Y.2
  • 75
    • 18344369175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of T helper and T regulatory cells in the regulation of anti-double-stranded DNA B cells
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xjtlektrg%3D, PID: 11970877
    • Seo SJ, Fields ML, Buckler JL, et al. The impact of T helper and T regulatory cells in the regulation of anti-double-stranded DNA B cells. Immunity 2002;16:535-546.
    • (2002) Immunity , vol.16 , pp. 535-546
    • Seo, S.J.1    Fields, M.L.2    Buckler, J.L.3
  • 76
    • 68149158968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: regulatory T cells directly suppress B cells in systemic lupus erythematosis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXoslCktbs%3D, PID: 19570829
    • Iikuni N, Lourenço EV, Hahn BH, La Cava A. Cutting edge: regulatory T cells directly suppress B cells in systemic lupus erythematosis. J Immunol 2009;183:1518-1522.
    • (2009) J Immunol , vol.183 , pp. 1518-1522
    • Iikuni, N.1    Lourenço, E.V.2    Hahn, B.H.3    La Cava, A.4
  • 77
    • 79251564430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foxp3+ regulatory T cells control humoral autoimmunity by suppressing the development of long-lived plasma cells
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXnsVOjtQ%3D%3D, PID: 21209284
    • Jang E, Cho WS, Cho ML, et al. Foxp3+ regulatory T cells control humoral autoimmunity by suppressing the development of long-lived plasma cells. J Immunol 2011;186:1546-1553.
    • (2011) J Immunol , vol.186 , pp. 1546-1553
    • Jang, E.1    Cho, W.S.2    Cho, M.L.3
  • 78
    • 1842684125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD25+ Tcells in myasthenia gravis and in relation to thymectomy
    • PID: 15049785
    • Huang YM, Pirskanen R, Giscombe R, Link H, Lefvert AK. Circulating CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD25+ Tcells in myasthenia gravis and in relation to thymectomy. Scand J Immunol 2004;59:408-414.
    • (2004) Scand J Immunol , vol.59 , pp. 408-414
    • Huang, Y.M.1    Pirskanen, R.2    Giscombe, R.3    Link, H.4    Lefvert, A.K.5
  • 79
    • 59649099258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of FoxP3+CD4+CD25hi Tregs in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXitVyht7o%3D, PID: 19111574
    • Zhang Y, Wang H, Chi L, Wang W. The role of FoxP3+CD4+CD25hi Tregs in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis. Immunol Lett 2009;122:52-57.
    • (2009) Immunol Lett , vol.122 , pp. 52-57
    • Zhang, Y.1    Wang, H.2    Chi, L.3    Wang, W.4
  • 80
    • 77955665522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical implication of peripheral CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells and Th17 cells in myasthenia gravis patients
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtVKhu77L, PID: 20472307
    • Masuda M, Matsumoto M, Tanaka S, et al. Clinical implication of peripheral CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells and Th17 cells in myasthenia gravis patients. J Neuroimmunol 2010;225:123-131.
    • (2010) J Neuroimmunol , vol.225 , pp. 123-131
    • Masuda, M.1    Matsumoto, M.2    Tanaka, S.3
  • 81
    • 84867780260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired regulatory function in circulating CD4(+)CD25(high)CD127(low/-) T cells in patients with myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xhs1OmsLjK, PID: 23110942
    • Thiruppathi M, Rowin J, Ganesh B, Sheng JR, Prabhakar BS, Meriggioli MN. Impaired regulatory function in circulating CD4(+)CD25(high)CD127(low/-) T cells in patients with myasthenia gravis. Clin Immunol 2012;145:209-223.
    • (2012) Clin Immunol , vol.145 , pp. 209-223
    • Thiruppathi, M.1    Rowin, J.2    Ganesh, B.3    Sheng, J.R.4    Prabhakar, B.S.5    Meriggioli, M.N.6
  • 82
    • 65049086842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendritic cell tolerance: a key mechanism in immunomodulation by vitamin D receptor agonists
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXltVCrtLs%3D, PID: 19405173
    • Adorini L, Penna G. Dendritic cell tolerance: a key mechanism in immunomodulation by vitamin D receptor agonists. Hum Immunol 2009;70:345-352.
    • (2009) Hum Immunol , vol.70 , pp. 345-352
    • Adorini, L.1    Penna, G.2
  • 83
    • 33845379986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapamycin promotes expansion of functional CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells of both healthy subjects and type 1 diabetic patients
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xht1KisbbJ, PID: 17142730
    • Battaglia M, Stabilini A, Migliavacca B, Horejs-Hoeck J, Kaupper T, Roncarolo MG. Rapamycin promotes expansion of functional CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells of both healthy subjects and type 1 diabetic patients. J Immunol 2006;177:8338-8347.
    • (2006) J Immunol , vol.177 , pp. 8338-8347
    • Battaglia, M.1    Stabilini, A.2    Migliavacca, B.3    Horejs-Hoeck, J.4    Kaupper, T.5    Roncarolo, M.G.6
  • 84
    • 70249137304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prednisolone treatment induces tolerogenic dendritic cells and a regulatory milieu in myasthenia gravis patients
    • Luther C, Adamopoulou E, Stoeckle C, et al. Prednisolone treatment induces tolerogenic dendritic cells and a regulatory milieu in myasthenia gravis patients. J Immunol 2009;83:841-848.
    • (2009) J Immunol , vol.83 , pp. 841-848
    • Luther, C.1    Adamopoulou, E.2    Stoeckle, C.3
  • 85
    • 38349137792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy affects T regulatory cells by increasing their suppressive function
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtFWit77J, PID: 17911644
    • Kessel A, Ammuri H, Peri R, et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy affects T regulatory cells by increasing their suppressive function. J Immunol 2007;179:5571-5575.
    • (2007) J Immunol , vol.179 , pp. 5571-5575
    • Kessel, A.1    Ammuri, H.2    Peri, R.3
  • 86
    • 33746098528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous immunoglobulin suppresses experimental myasthenia gravis: immunological mechanisms
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XntlCrsr4%3D, PID: 16730380
    • Zhu KY, Feferman T, Maiti PK, Souroujon MC, Fuchs S. Intravenous immunoglobulin suppresses experimental myasthenia gravis: immunological mechanisms. J Neuroimmunol 2006;176:187-197.
    • (2006) J Neuroimmunol , vol.176 , pp. 187-197
    • Zhu, K.Y.1    Feferman, T.2    Maiti, P.K.3    Souroujon, M.C.4    Fuchs, S.5
  • 87
    • 84882797420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CD40/CD40L system: a new therapeutic target for disease
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtlGqsbvL, PID: 23892087
    • Zhang B, Wu T, Chen M, Zhou Y, Yi D, Guo R. The CD40/CD40L system: a new therapeutic target for disease. Immunol Lett 2013;153:58-61.
    • (2013) Immunol Lett , vol.153 , pp. 58-61
    • Zhang, B.1    Wu, T.2    Chen, M.3    Zhou, Y.4    Yi, D.5    Guo, R.6
  • 88
    • 0035338676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blockade of CD40 ligand suppresses chronic experimental myasthenia gravis by down-regulation of Th1 differentiation and up-regulation of CTLA-4
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjvFaqs74%3D, PID: 11359850
    • Im SH, Barchan D, Maiti PK, Fuchs S, Souroujon MC. Blockade of CD40 ligand suppresses chronic experimental myasthenia gravis by down-regulation of Th1 differentiation and up-regulation of CTLA-4. J Immunol 2001;166:6893-6898.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.166 , pp. 6893-6898
    • Im, S.H.1    Barchan, D.2    Maiti, P.K.3    Fuchs, S.4    Souroujon, M.C.5
  • 89
    • 0033965079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thromboembolic complications after treatment with monoclonal antibody against CD40 ligand
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXosFylug%3D%3D
    • Kawai T, Andrews D, Colvin RB, Sachs DH, Cosimi AB. Thromboembolic complications after treatment with monoclonal antibody against CD40 ligand. Nat Med 2000;6:114.
    • (2000) Nat Med , vol.6 , pp. 114
    • Kawai, T.1    Andrews, D.2    Colvin, R.B.3    Sachs, D.H.4    Cosimi, A.B.5
  • 90
    • 84928806234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel insights into anti-CD40/CD154 immunotherapy in transplant tolerance
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXntF2ntro%3D, PID: 25917630
    • Pinelli DF, Ford ML. Novel insights into anti-CD40/CD154 immunotherapy in transplant tolerance. Immunotherapy 2015;7:399-410.
    • (2015) Immunotherapy , vol.7 , pp. 399-410
    • Pinelli, D.F.1    Ford, M.L.2
  • 91
    • 84903272348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase II study of dacetuzumab (SGN-40) in patients with relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and correlative analyses of patient-specific factors
    • PID: 24919462
    • de Vos S, Forero-Torres A, Ansell SM, et al. A phase II study of dacetuzumab (SGN-40) in patients with relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and correlative analyses of patient-specific factors. J Hematol Oncol 2014;7:44.
    • (2014) J Hematol Oncol , vol.7 , pp. 44
    • de Vos, S.1    Forero-Torres, A.2    Ansell, S.M.3
  • 92
    • 84901376079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of ASKP1240, a fully human antibody targeting human CD40 with potent immunosuppressive effects
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXos1ahsrg%3D, PID: 24731050
    • Okimura K, Maeta K, Kobayashi N, et al. Characterization of ASKP1240, a fully human antibody targeting human CD40 with potent immunosuppressive effects. Am J Transplant 2014;14:1290-1299.
    • (2014) Am J Transplant , vol.14 , pp. 1290-1299
    • Okimura, K.1    Maeta, K.2    Kobayashi, N.3
  • 93
    • 10944261950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antagonist anti-human CD40 antibody inhibits germinal center formation in cynomolgus monkeys
    • PID: 15517614
    • de Vos AF, Melief MJ, van Riel D, et al. Antagonist anti-human CD40 antibody inhibits germinal center formation in cynomolgus monkeys. Eur J Immunol 2004;34:3446-3455.
    • (2004) Eur J Immunol , vol.34 , pp. 3446-3455
    • de Vos, A.F.1    Melief, M.J.2    van Riel, D.3
  • 94
    • 84904308431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myasthenia gravis: a comprehensive review of immune dysregulation and etiological mechanisms
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXislyrtQ%3D%3D, PID: 24389034
    • Berrih-Aknin S, Le Panse R. Myasthenia gravis: a comprehensive review of immune dysregulation and etiological mechanisms. J Autoimmun 2014;52:90-100.
    • (2014) J Autoimmun , vol.52 , pp. 90-100
    • Berrih-Aknin, S.1    Le Panse, R.2
  • 95
    • 84925254263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • With a little help from my old T cell: memory follicular T helper cells driving autoimmunity?
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhslaqsbzO, PID: 25216178
    • Winkler TH, Waisman A. With a little help from my old T cell: memory follicular T helper cells driving autoimmunity? Eur J Immunol 2014;44:2869-2871.
    • (2014) Eur J Immunol , vol.44 , pp. 2869-2871
    • Winkler, T.H.1    Waisman, A.2
  • 96
    • 84875368702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expansion of circulating counterparts of follicular helper T cells in patients with myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXkvFOlug%3D%3D, PID: 23305745
    • Luo C, Li Y, Liu W, et al. Expansion of circulating counterparts of follicular helper T cells in patients with myasthenia gravis. J Neuroimmunol 2013;256:55-61.
    • (2013) J Neuroimmunol , vol.256 , pp. 55-61
    • Luo, C.1    Li, Y.2    Liu, W.3
  • 97
    • 80053332007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of patients with refractory myasthenia gravis to rituximab: a retrospective study
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhsVylsrnN, PID: 22010039
    • Nowak RJ, Dicapua DB, Zebardast N, Goldstein JM. Response of patients with refractory myasthenia gravis to rituximab: a retrospective study. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2011;4:259-266.
    • (2011) Ther Adv Neurol Disord , vol.4 , pp. 259-266
    • Nowak, R.J.1    Dicapua, D.B.2    Zebardast, N.3    Goldstein, J.M.4
  • 98
    • 84858009538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-lasting treatment effect of rituximab in MuSK myasthenia
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xjt1WitL8%3D, PID: 22218276
    • Diaz-Manera J, Martinez-Hernandez E, Querol L, et al. Long-lasting treatment effect of rituximab in MuSK myasthenia. Neurology 2012;78:189-193.
    • (2012) Neurology , vol.78 , pp. 189-193
    • Diaz-Manera, J.1    Martinez-Hernandez, E.2    Querol, L.3
  • 99
    • 84867341083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rituximab in refractory and non-refractory myasthenia: a retrospective multicenter study
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhsVylurrL, PID: 22941747
    • Collongues N, Casez O, Lacour A, et al. Rituximab in refractory and non-refractory myasthenia: a retrospective multicenter study. Muscle Nerve 2012;46:687-691.
    • (2012) Muscle Nerve , vol.46 , pp. 687-691
    • Collongues, N.1    Casez, O.2    Lacour, A.3
  • 100
    • 84891916915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged B-cell depletion in MuSK myasthenia gravis following rituximab treatment
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhvVarsbnK, PID: 24006142
    • Yi JS, Decroos EC, Sanders DB, Weinhold KJ, Guptill JT. Prolonged B-cell depletion in MuSK myasthenia gravis following rituximab treatment. Muscle Nerve 2013;48:992-993.
    • (2013) Muscle Nerve , vol.48 , pp. 992-993
    • Yi, J.S.1    Decroos, E.C.2    Sanders, D.B.3    Weinhold, K.J.4    Guptill, J.T.5
  • 101
    • 84955354009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of ocrelizumab in active proliferative lupus nephritis: results from a randomized, double-blind, phase III study
    • Mysler EF, Spindler AJ, Guzman R, et al. Efficacy and safety of ocrelizumab in active proliferative lupus nephritis: results from a randomized, double-blind, phase III study. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013;22:1243-1253.
    • (2013) Expert Opin Investig Drugs , vol.22 , pp. 1243-1253
    • Mysler, E.F.1    Spindler, A.J.2    Guzman, R.3
  • 102
    • 77951529848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic antibodies for autoimmunity and inflammation
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXltV2lu7k%3D, PID: 20414204
    • Chan AC. Therapeutic antibodies for autoimmunity and inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol 2010;10:301.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.10 , pp. 301
    • Chan, A.C.1
  • 103
    • 84922572310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B10 cells: a functionally defined regulatory B cell subset
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXit1Smsbo%3D, PID: 25663677
    • Tedder TF. B10 cells: a functionally defined regulatory B cell subset. J Immunol 2015;194:1395-1401.
    • (2015) J Immunol , vol.194 , pp. 1395-1401
    • Tedder, T.F.1
  • 104
    • 84896108755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-10 producing-B cells and their association with responsiveness to rituximab in myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXktlKqtb8%3D, PID: 23868194
    • Sun F, Ladha SS, Yang L, et al. Interleukin-10 producing-B cells and their association with responsiveness to rituximab in myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve 2014;49:487-494.
    • (2014) Muscle Nerve , vol.49 , pp. 487-494
    • Sun, F.1    Ladha, S.S.2    Yang, L.3
  • 105
    • 0033532634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BAFF, a novel ligand of the tumor necrosis factor family, stimulates B cell growth
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjvVSnurY%3D, PID: 10359578
    • Schneider P, MacKay F, Steiner V, et al. BAFF, a novel ligand of the tumor necrosis factor family, stimulates B cell growth. J Exp Med 1999;189:1747-1756.
    • (1999) J Exp Med , vol.189 , pp. 1747-1756
    • Schneider, P.1    MacKay, F.2    Steiner, V.3
  • 106
    • 84871269283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B-cell-activating factor and autoimmune myasthenia gravis
    • PID: 22235365
    • Ragheb S, Lisak RP. B-cell-activating factor and autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Autoimmune Dis 2011;2011:939520.
    • (2011) Autoimmune Dis , vol.2011 , pp. 939520
    • Ragheb, S.1    Lisak, R.P.2
  • 107
    • 54049132513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A potential role for B-cell activating factor in the pathogenesis of autoimmune myasthenia gravis
    • PID: 18852352
    • Ragheb S, Lisak R, Lewis R, Van Stavern G, Gonzales F, Simon K. A potential role for B-cell activating factor in the pathogenesis of autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Arch Neurol 2008;65:1358-1362.
    • (2008) Arch Neurol , vol.65 , pp. 1358-1362
    • Ragheb, S.1    Lisak, R.2    Lewis, R.3    Van Stavern, G.4    Gonzales, F.5    Simon, K.6
  • 108
    • 84876329247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Belimumab for systemic lupus erythematosus
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXmsFKgtLg%3D, PID: 23594005
    • Hahn BH. Belimumab for systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 2013;368:1528-1535.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.368 , pp. 1528-1535
    • Hahn, B.H.1
  • 109
    • 84902382777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting B cells and autoantibodies in the therapy of autoimmune diseases
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXntlejtL8%3D, PID: 24777745
    • Kao D, Lux A, Schwab I, Nimmerjahn F. Targeting B cells and autoantibodies in the therapy of autoimmune diseases. Semin Immunopathol 2014;36:289-299.
    • (2014) Semin Immunopathol , vol.36 , pp. 289-299
    • Kao, D.1    Lux, A.2    Schwab, I.3    Nimmerjahn, F.4
  • 110
    • 47249099558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B lymphocytes: how they develop and function
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtVylurbE, PID: 18725575
    • LeBien TW, Tedder TF. B lymphocytes: how they develop and function. Blood. 2008;112:1570-1580.
    • (2008) Blood , vol.112 , pp. 1570-1580
    • LeBien, T.W.1    Tedder, T.F.2
  • 111
    • 46749088320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib depletes plasma cells and protects mice with lupus-like disease from nephritis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXotF2lurw%3D, PID: 18542049
    • Neubert K, Meister S, Moser K, et al. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib depletes plasma cells and protects mice with lupus-like disease from nephritis. Nat Med 2008;14:748-755.
    • (2008) Nat Med , vol.14 , pp. 748-755
    • Neubert, K.1    Meister, S.2    Moser, K.3
  • 112
    • 84907940387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of therapy with bortezomib in solid tumors: a review based on 32 clinical trials
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhslalurrN, PID: 25303058
    • Huang Z, Wu Y, Zhou X, et al. Efficacy of therapy with bortezomib in solid tumors: a review based on 32 clinical trials. Future Oncol 2014;10:1795-1807.
    • (2014) Future Oncol , vol.10 , pp. 1795-1807
    • Huang, Z.1    Wu, Y.2    Zhou, X.3
  • 114
    • 79951838009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteasome inhibition with bortezomib depletes plasma cells and autoantibodies in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhsVSgtrc%3D, PID: 21239719
    • Gomez AM, Vrolix K, Martinez-Martinez P, et al. Proteasome inhibition with bortezomib depletes plasma cells and autoantibodies in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. J Immunol 2011;186:2503-2513.
    • (2011) J Immunol , vol.186 , pp. 2503-2513
    • Gomez, A.M.1    Vrolix, K.2    Martinez-Martinez, P.3
  • 115
    • 84906097547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteasome inhibition with bortezomib depletes plasma cells and specific autoantibody production in primary thymic cell cultures from early-onset myasthenia gravis patients
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhtFyqsr7K, PID: 24973445
    • Gomez AM, Willcox N, Vrolix K, et al. Proteasome inhibition with bortezomib depletes plasma cells and specific autoantibody production in primary thymic cell cultures from early-onset myasthenia gravis patients. J Immunol 2014;193:1055-1063.
    • (2014) J Immunol , vol.193 , pp. 1055-1063
    • Gomez, A.M.1    Willcox, N.2    Vrolix, K.3
  • 116
    • 79955461011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subcutaneous versus intravenous administration of bortezomib in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma: a randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority study
    • PID: 21507715
    • Moreau P, Pylypenko H, Grosicki S, et al. Subcutaneous versus intravenous administration of bortezomib in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma: a randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority study. Lancet Oncol 2011;12:431-440.
    • (2011) Lancet Oncol , vol.12 , pp. 431-440
    • Moreau, P.1    Pylypenko, H.2    Grosicki, S.3
  • 117
    • 78649681350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of once-weekly bortezomib in multiple myeloma patients
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhs1Slsr3K, PID: 20807892
    • Bringhen S, Larocca A, Rossi D, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly bortezomib in multiple myeloma patients. Blood 2010;116:4745-4753.
    • (2010) Blood , vol.116 , pp. 4745-4753
    • Bringhen, S.1    Larocca, A.2    Rossi, D.3
  • 118
    • 84904627207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type I and type II Fc receptors regulate innate and adaptive immunity
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhtFygsLzM, PID: 25045879
    • Pincetic A, Bournazos S, DiLillo DJ, et al. Type I and type II Fc receptors regulate innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Immunol 2014;15:707-716.
    • (2014) Nat Immunol , vol.15 , pp. 707-716
    • Pincetic, A.1    Bournazos, S.2    DiLillo, D.J.3
  • 119
    • 33746888249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-inflammatory activity of immunoglobulin G resulting from Fc sialylation
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xnsl2hsbY%3D, PID: 16888140
    • Kaneko Y, Nimmerjahn F, Ravetch JV. Anti-inflammatory activity of immunoglobulin G resulting from Fc sialylation. Science 2006;313:670-673.
    • (2006) Science , vol.313 , pp. 670-673
    • Kaneko, Y.1    Nimmerjahn, F.2    Ravetch, J.V.3
  • 120
    • 84926642136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunomodulation by IVIg and the role of Fc-gamma receptors: classic mechanisms of action after all?
    • PID: 25653650
    • Nagelkerke SQ, Kuijpers TW. Immunomodulation by IVIg and the role of Fc-gamma receptors: classic mechanisms of action after all? Front Immunol 2015;5:674.
    • (2015) Front Immunol , vol.5 , pp. 674
    • Nagelkerke, S.Q.1    Kuijpers, T.W.2
  • 121
    • 84904320258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant IgG2a Fc (M045) multimers effectively suppress experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXivVSntw%3D%3D, PID: 24388113
    • Thiruppathi M, Sheng JR, Li L, Prabhakar BS, Meriggioli MN. Recombinant IgG2a Fc (M045) multimers effectively suppress experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. J Autoimmun 2014;52:64-73.
    • (2014) J Autoimmun , vol.52 , pp. 64-73
    • Thiruppathi, M.1    Sheng, J.R.2    Li, L.3    Prabhakar, B.S.4    Meriggioli, M.N.5
  • 122
    • 84958543989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FcRn: from molecular interactions to regulation of IgG pharmacokinetics and functions
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXnt1Cqsb0%3D, PID: 25116104
    • Challa DK, Velmurugan R, Ober RJ, Sally Ward E. FcRn: from molecular interactions to regulation of IgG pharmacokinetics and functions. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014;382:249-272.
    • (2014) Curr Top Microbiol Immunol , vol.382 , pp. 249-272
    • Challa, D.K.1    Velmurugan, R.2    Ober, R.J.3    Sally Ward, E.4
  • 123
    • 34247094345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amelioration of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in rats by neonatal FcR blockade
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXjslWjtbY%3D, PID: 17404325
    • Liu L, Garcia AM, Santoro H, Zhang Y, McDonnell K, Bitoni A. Amelioration of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in rats by neonatal FcR blockade. J Immunol 2007;178:5390-5398.
    • (2007) J Immunol , vol.178 , pp. 5390-5398
    • Liu, L.1    Garcia, A.M.2    Santoro, H.3    Zhang, Y.4    McDonnell, K.5    Bitoni, A.6
  • 124
    • 79955019213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibody-mediated coengagement of FcγRIIb and B cell receptor complex suppresses humoral immunity in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXjvVKmurc%3D, PID: 21357255
    • Horton HM, Chu SY, Ortiz EC, et al. Antibody-mediated coengagement of FcγRIIb and B cell receptor complex suppresses humoral immunity in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol 2011;186:4223-4233.
    • (2011) J Immunol , vol.186 , pp. 4223-4233
    • Horton, H.M.1    Chu, S.Y.2    Ortiz, E.C.3
  • 126
    • 0018187654 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural localization of immune complexes (IgG and C3) at the end-plate in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaE1c7jt1Sjtw%3D%3D, PID: 147324
    • Sahashi K, Engel AG, Linstrom JM, Lambert EH, Lennon VA. Ultrastructural localization of immune complexes (IgG and C3) at the end-plate in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1978;37:212-223.
    • (1978) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.37 , pp. 212-223
    • Sahashi, K.1    Engel, A.G.2    Linstrom, J.M.3    Lambert, E.H.4    Lennon, V.A.5
  • 127
    • 0018189697 scopus 로고
    • Role of complement in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaE1cXhvVOmtrc%3D, PID: 206648
    • Lennon VA, Seybold ME, Lindstrom JM, Cochrane C, Ulevitch R. Role of complement in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. J Exp Med 1978;147:973-983.
    • (1978) J Exp Med , vol.147 , pp. 973-983
    • Lennon, V.A.1    Seybold, M.E.2    Lindstrom, J.M.3    Cochrane, C.4    Ulevitch, R.5
  • 128
    • 0027195312 scopus 로고
    • Myasthenia gravis: quantitative immunocytochemical analysis of inflammatory cells and detection of complement membrane attack complex at the end-plate in 30 patients
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2c3isVentg%3D%3D, PID: 8170563
    • Nakano S, Engel AG. Myasthenia gravis: quantitative immunocytochemical analysis of inflammatory cells and detection of complement membrane attack complex at the end-plate in 30 patients. Neurology 1993;43:1167-1172.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 1167-1172
    • Nakano, S.1    Engel, A.G.2
  • 129
    • 0022355330 scopus 로고
    • A triple antibody assay for the quantitation of plasma IgG subclass antibodies to acetylcholine receptors in patients with myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL28XktlOi, PID: 3902978
    • Nielsen FC, Rodgaard A, Djurup R, Somnier F, Gammeltoft S. A triple antibody assay for the quantitation of plasma IgG subclass antibodies to acetylcholine receptors in patients with myasthenia gravis. J Immunol Methods 1985;83:249-258.
    • (1985) J Immunol Methods , vol.83 , pp. 249-258
    • Nielsen, F.C.1    Rodgaard, A.2    Djurup, R.3    Somnier, F.4    Gammeltoft, S.5
  • 130
    • 0023074552 scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholine receptor antibody in myasthenia gravis: predominance of IgG subclasses 1 and 3
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL2szgt1CnsQ%3D%3D, PID: 3621677
    • Rodgaard A, Nielsen FC, Djurup R, Somnier F, Gammeltoft S. Acetylcholine receptor antibody in myasthenia gravis: predominance of IgG subclasses 1 and 3. Clin Exp Immunol 1987;67:82-88.
    • (1987) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.67 , pp. 82-88
    • Rodgaard, A.1    Nielsen, F.C.2    Djurup, R.3    Somnier, F.4    Gammeltoft, S.5
  • 131
    • 84879552955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MG Study Group. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study of eculizumab in patients with refractory generalized myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtVajtL3E, PID: 23512355
    • Howard JF, Jr., Barohn RJ, Cutter GR, et al.; MG Study Group. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study of eculizumab in patients with refractory generalized myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve 2013;48:76-84.
    • (2013) Muscle Nerve , vol.48 , pp. 76-84
    • Howard, J.F.1    Barohn, R.J.2    Cutter, G.R.3
  • 132
    • 84929899736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brodalumab—an IL-17RA monoclonal antibody for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXovF2qtLY%3D, PID: 25985813
    • Bauer E, Lucier J, Furst DE. Brodalumab—an IL-17RA monoclonal antibody for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015;15:883-893.
    • (2015) Expert Opin Biol Ther , vol.15 , pp. 883-893
    • Bauer, E.1    Lucier, J.2    Furst, D.E.3
  • 133
  • 134
    • 84922407586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immune potential and immunopathology of cytokine-producing B cell subsets: a comprehensive review
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXnsVWlu7g%3D, PID: 24794622
    • Bao Y, Cao X. The immune potential and immunopathology of cytokine-producing B cell subsets: a comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2014;55:10-23.
    • (2014) J Autoimmun , vol.55 , pp. 10-23
    • Bao, Y.1    Cao, X.2
  • 135
    • 0037100540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance to experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in IL-6-deficient mice is associated with reduced germinal center formation and C3 production
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlsVWjsb4%3D, PID: 12097416
    • Deng C, Goluszko E, Tüzün E, Yang H, Christadoss P. Resistance to experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in IL-6-deficient mice is associated with reduced germinal center formation and C3 production. J Immunol 2002;169:1077-1083.
    • (2002) J Immunol , vol.169 , pp. 1077-1083
    • Deng, C.1    Goluszko, E.2    Tüzün, E.3    Yang, H.4    Christadoss, P.5
  • 136
    • 79951943070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blocking of IL-6 suppresses experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXisFGru7c%3D, PID: 21193288
    • Aricha R, Mizrachi K, Fuchs S, Souroujon MC. Blocking of IL-6 suppresses experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. J Autoimmun 2011;36:135-141.
    • (2011) J Autoimmun , vol.36 , pp. 135-141
    • Aricha, R.1    Mizrachi, K.2    Fuchs, S.3    Souroujon, M.C.4
  • 137
    • 84940491663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MUSASHI Study Investigators. Longterm safety and efficacy of subcutaneous tocilizumab monotherapy: results from the 2-year open-label extension of the MUSASHI study
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXpvF2isro%3D, PID: 25834203
    • Ogata A, Amano K, Dobashi H, et al.; MUSASHI Study Investigators. Longterm safety and efficacy of subcutaneous tocilizumab monotherapy: results from the 2-year open-label extension of the MUSASHI study. J Rheumatol 2015;42:799-809.
    • (2015) J Rheumatol , vol.42 , pp. 799-809
    • Ogata, A.1    Amano, K.2    Dobashi, H.3
  • 138
    • 84878541159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tocilizumab: a novel humanized anti-interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor antibody for the treatment of patients with non-RA systemic, inflammatory rheumatic diseases
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXptVWhsLo%3D, PID: 23650978
    • Alten R, Maleitzke T. Tocilizumab: a novel humanized anti-interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor antibody for the treatment of patients with non-RA systemic, inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Ann Med 2013;45:357-363.
    • (2013) Ann Med , vol.45 , pp. 357-363
    • Alten, R.1    Maleitzke, T.2
  • 139
    • 84902096246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of the anti-IL-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab in neuromyelitis optica: a pilot study
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXmtFWqu7c%3D, PID: 24634453
    • Araki M, Matsuoka T, Miyamoto K, et al. Efficacy of the anti-IL-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab in neuromyelitis optica: a pilot study. Neurology 2014;82:1302-1306.
    • (2014) Neurology , vol.82 , pp. 1302-1306
    • Araki, M.1    Matsuoka, T.2    Miyamoto, K.3
  • 141
    • 33749526878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is associated with an expansion of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVansrnP, PID: 17015715
    • Sheng JR, Li L, Ganesh BB, Vasu C, Prabhakar BS, Meriggioli MN. Suppression of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is associated with an expansion of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. J Immunol 2006;177:5296-5306.
    • (2006) J Immunol , vol.177 , pp. 5296-5306
    • Sheng, J.R.1    Li, L.2    Ganesh, B.B.3    Vasu, C.4    Prabhakar, B.S.5    Meriggioli, M.N.6
  • 142
    • 46749120143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory T cells induced by GM-CSF suppress ongoing experimental myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXosVOjsbg%3D, PID: 18502693
    • Sheng JR, Li LC, Ganesh BB, Prabhakar BS, Meriggioli MN. Regulatory T cells induced by GM-CSF suppress ongoing experimental myasthenia gravis. Clin Immunol 2008;128:172-180.
    • (2008) Clin Immunol , vol.128 , pp. 172-180
    • Sheng, J.R.1    Li, L.C.2    Ganesh, B.B.3    Prabhakar, B.S.4    Meriggioli, M.N.5
  • 143
    • 83555178432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GM-CSF-induced regulatory T cells selectively inhibit anti-acetylcholine receptor-specific immune responses in experimental myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhsFOhtLvO, PID: 22099723
    • Sheng JR, Muthusamy T, Prabhakar BS, Meriggioli MN. GM-CSF-induced regulatory T cells selectively inhibit anti-acetylcholine receptor-specific immune responses in experimental myasthenia gravis. J Neuroimmunol 2011;240-241:65-73.
    • (2011) J Neuroimmunol , vol.240-241 , pp. 65-73
    • Sheng, J.R.1    Muthusamy, T.2    Prabhakar, B.S.3    Meriggioli, M.N.4
  • 145
    • 84865316022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor treatment of a patient in myasthenic crisis: effects on regulatory T cells
    • PID: 22907239
    • Rowin J, Thiruppathi M, Arhebamen E, Sheng J, Prabhakar BS, Meriggioli MN. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor treatment of a patient in myasthenic crisis: effects on regulatory T cells. Muscle Nerve 2012;46:449-453.
    • (2012) Muscle Nerve , vol.46 , pp. 449-453
    • Rowin, J.1    Thiruppathi, M.2    Arhebamen, E.3    Sheng, J.4    Prabhakar, B.S.5    Meriggioli, M.N.6
  • 146
    • 0034053126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral administration of a dual analog of two myasthenogenic T cell epitopes down-regulates experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in mice
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhslKhtrc%3D, PID: 10681457
    • Paas-Rozner M, Dayan M, Paas Y, et al. Oral administration of a dual analog of two myasthenogenic T cell epitopes down-regulates experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000;97:2168-2173.
    • (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.97 , pp. 2168-2173
    • Paas-Rozner, M.1    Dayan, M.2    Paas, Y.3
  • 147
    • 0032542558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nasal administration of multiple antigens suppresses experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis, encephalomyelitis and neuritis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXhtlOltL0%3D, PID: 9562316
    • Shi FD, Bai XF, Xiao BG, van der Meide PH, Link H. Nasal administration of multiple antigens suppresses experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis, encephalomyelitis and neuritis. J Neurol Sci 1998;155:1-12.
    • (1998) J Neurol Sci , vol.155 , pp. 1-12
    • Shi, F.D.1    Bai, X.F.2    Xiao, B.G.3    van der Meide, P.H.4    Link, H.5
  • 148
    • 84910156515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigen-specific immunotherapeutic vaccine for experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhvVyjtbbM, PID: 25288571
    • Luo J, Lindstrom J. Antigen-specific immunotherapeutic vaccine for experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. J Immunol 2014;193:5044-5055.
    • (2014) J Immunol , vol.193 , pp. 5044-5055
    • Luo, J.1    Lindstrom, J.2
  • 149
    • 35349010569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autologous stem cell transplantation in autoimmune diseases
    • PID: 17961728
    • Passweg J, Tyndall A. Autologous stem cell transplantation in autoimmune diseases. Semin Hematol 2007;44:278-285.
    • (2007) Semin Hematol , vol.44 , pp. 278-285
    • Passweg, J.1    Tyndall, A.2
  • 150
    • 80054848752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of albuterol in congenital endplate acetylcholinesterase deficiency and Dok-7 myasthenia
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtlansrrN, PID: 21952943
    • Liewluck T, Selcen D, Engel AG. Beneficial effects of albuterol in congenital endplate acetylcholinesterase deficiency and Dok-7 myasthenia. Muscle Nerve 2011;44:789-794.
    • (2011) Muscle Nerve , vol.44 , pp. 789-794
    • Liewluck, T.1    Selcen, D.2    Engel, A.G.3
  • 151
    • 84895558244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the β2-adrenoceptor agonist albuterol in a mouse model of anti-MuSK myasthenia gravis
    • PID: 24505322
    • Ghazanfari N, Morsch M, Tse N, Reddel SW, Phillips WD. Effects of the β2-adrenoceptor agonist albuterol in a mouse model of anti-MuSK myasthenia gravis. PLoS One 2014;9:e87840.
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9 , pp. e87840
    • Ghazanfari, N.1    Morsch, M.2    Tse, N.3    Reddel, S.W.4    Phillips, W.D.5
  • 152
    • 84877828612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyridostigmine but not 3,4-diaminopyridine exacerbates ACh receptor loss and myasthenia induced in mice by muscle-specific kinase autoantibody
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXpsVeiurk%3D, PID: 23440963
    • Morsch M, Reddel SW, Ghazanfari N, Toyka KV, Phillips WD. Pyridostigmine but not 3,4-diaminopyridine exacerbates ACh receptor loss and myasthenia induced in mice by muscle-specific kinase autoantibody. J Physiol 2013;591:2747-2762.
    • (2013) J Physiol , vol.591 , pp. 2747-2762
    • Morsch, M.1    Reddel, S.W.2    Ghazanfari, N.3    Toyka, K.V.4    Phillips, W.D.5
  • 153
    • 84884989647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle specific kinase autoimmune myasthenia gravis in children: a case series
    • PID: 24012245
    • Skjei KL, Lennon VA, Kuntz NL. Muscle specific kinase autoimmune myasthenia gravis in children: a case series. Neuromuscul Disord 2013;23:874-882.
    • (2013) Neuromuscul Disord , vol.23 , pp. 874-882
    • Skjei, K.L.1    Lennon, V.A.2    Kuntz, N.L.3
  • 154
    • 84861216868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuregulin-1 potentiates agrin-induced acetylcholine receptor clustering through muscle-specific kinase phosphorylation
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XnvFKrsrs%3D, PID: 22328506
    • Ngo ST, Cole RN, Sunn N, Phillips WD, Noakes PG. Neuregulin-1 potentiates agrin-induced acetylcholine receptor clustering through muscle-specific kinase phosphorylation. J Cell Sci 2012;125:1531-1543.
    • (2012) J Cell Sci , vol.125 , pp. 1531-1543
    • Ngo, S.T.1    Cole, R.N.2    Sunn, N.3    Phillips, W.D.4    Noakes, P.G.5
  • 155
    • 84929179462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular blueprint of allosteric binding sites in a homologue of the agonist-binding domain of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXntFCisrk%3D, PID: 25918415
    • Spurny R, Debaveye S, Farinha A, et al. Molecular blueprint of allosteric binding sites in a homologue of the agonist-binding domain of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015;112:E2543-E2552.
    • (2015) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.112 , pp. E2543-E2552
    • Spurny, R.1    Debaveye, S.2    Farinha, A.3
  • 156
    • 84862777453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of fast skeletal muscle troponin as a potential therapeutic approach for treating neuromuscular diseases
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XisVKks70%3D, PID: 22344294
    • Russell AJ, Hartman JJ, Hinken AC, et al. Activation of fast skeletal muscle troponin as a potential therapeutic approach for treating neuromuscular diseases. Nat Med 2012;18:452-455.
    • (2012) Nat Med , vol.18 , pp. 452-455
    • Russell, A.J.1    Hartman, J.J.2    Hinken, A.C.3
  • 157
    • 84940006623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate efficacy, safety, and tolerability of single doses of tirasemtiv in patients with acetylcholine receptor-binding antibody-positive myasthenia gravis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXktVeqt7o%3D, PID: 25742919
    • Sanders DB, Rosenfeld J, Dimachkie MM, Meng L, Malik FI; Tirasemtiv in Myasthenia Gravis Study Group. A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate efficacy, safety, and tolerability of single doses of tirasemtiv in patients with acetylcholine receptor-binding antibody-positive myasthenia gravis. Neurotherapeutics 2015;12:455-456.
    • (2015) Neurotherapeutics , vol.12 , pp. 455-456
    • Sanders, D.B.1    Rosenfeld, J.2    Dimachkie, M.M.3    Meng, L.4    Malik, F.I.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.