Role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer

World Journal of Gastroenterology

Volumn 21, Issue 33, 2015, Pages 9717-9726

  Yan, Yu ^a   Wang, Li Feng ^a   Wang, Rui Fen ^a  

^a XINHUA HOSPITAL AFFILIATED TO SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (China)

Author keywords

Cancer associated fibroblasts; Gastric cancer; Invasion; Metastasis; MicroRNA; Signaling pathway

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; MICRORNA; MICRORNA 143; MICRORNA 145; MICRORNA 200B; SMAD PROTEIN; STAT PROTEIN; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA;

ANGIOGENESIS; ARTICLE; CANCER ASSOCIATED FIBROBLAST; CANCER CELL; CANCER GROWTH; CARCINOGENESIS; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; DOWN REGULATION; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; FIBROBLAST; GASTROINTESTINAL TUMOR; GENE MUTATION; HUMAN; MACROPHAGE; MELANOMA CELL; MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL; METASTASIS; NONHUMAN; PHENOTYPE; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STOMACH CANCER; STROMA CELL; TUMOR INVASION; ANIMAL; CELL COMMUNICATION; CELL MOTION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETICS; METABOLISM; PATHOLOGY; STOMACH TUMOR;

ANIMALS; CELL COMMUNICATION; CELL MOVEMENT; FIBROBLASTS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, NEOPLASTIC; HUMANS; MICRORNAS; NEOPLASM INVASIVENESS; NEOPLASM METASTASIS; PHENOTYPE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STOMACH NEOPLASMS;

EID: 84941686643     PISSN: 10079327     EISSN: 22192840     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i33.9717     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. Montori G, Coccolini F, Ceresoli M, Catena F, Colaianni N, Poletti E, Ansaloni L. The treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis in advanced gastric cancer: state of the art. Int J Surg Oncol 2014; 2014: 912418 [PMID: 24693422 DOI: 10.1155/2014/912418]
2. Shen L, Shan YS, Hu HM, Price TJ, Sirohi B, Yeh KH, Yang YH, Sano T, Yang HK, Zhang X, Park SR, Fujii M, Kang YK, Chen LT. Management of gastric cancer in Asia: resource-stratified guidelines. Lancet Oncol 2013; 14: e535-e547 [PMID: 24176572 DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70436-4]
3. Young JA, Shimi SM, Kerr L, McPhillips G, Thompson AM. Reduction in gastric cancer surgical mortality over 10 years: An adverse events analysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2014; 3: 26-30 [PMID: 25568781 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2014.03.003]
4. Rahman R, Asombang AW, Ibdah JA. Characteristics of gastric cancer in Asia. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20: 4483-4490 [PMID: 24782601 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v.i16.4483]
5. Chung HW, Lim JB. Role of the tumor microenvironment in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20: 1667-1680 [PMID: 24587646 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i7.1667]
6. Quail DF, Joyce JA. Microenvironmental regulation of tumor progression and metastasis. Nat Med 2013; 19: 1423-1437 [PMID: 24202395 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3394]
7. Calon A, Tauriello DV, Batlle E. TGF-beta in CAF-mediated tumor growth and metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 25: 15-22 [PMID: 24412104 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.12.008]
8. Wang RF, Zhang LH, Shan LH, Sun WG, Chai CC, Wu HM, Ibla JC, Wang LF, Liu JR. Effects of the fibroblast activation protein on the invasion and migration of gastric cancer. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 95: 350-356 [PMID: 24422232]
9. Zhao X, He Y, Gao J, Fan L, Li Z, Yang G, Chen H. Caveolin-1 expression level in cancer associated fibroblasts predicts outcome in gastric cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8: e59102 [PMID: 23527097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059102]
10. Özdemir BC, Pentcheva-Hoang T, Carstens JL, Zheng X, Wu CC, Simpson TR, Laklai H, Sugimoto H, Kahlert C, Novitskiy SV, De Jesus-Acosta A, Sharma P, Heidari P, Mahmood U, Chin L, Moses HL, Weaver VM, Maitra A, Allison JP, LeBleu VS, Kalluri R. Depletion of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and fibrosis induces immunosuppression and accelerates pancreas cancer with reduced survival. Cancer Cell 2014; 25: 719-734 [PMID: 24856586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.04.005]
11. Valcz G, Sipos F, Tulassay Z, Molnar B, Yagi Y. Importance of carcinoma-associated fibroblast-derived proteins in clinical oncology. J Clin Pathol 2014; 67: 1026-1031 [PMID: 25135950 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202561]
12. Zhu Q, Zhang X, Zhang L, Li W, Wu H, Yuan X, Mao F, Wang M, Zhu W, Qian H, Xu W. The IL-6-STAT3 axis mediates a reciprocal crosstalk between cancer-derived mesenchymal stem cells and neutrophils to synergistically prompt gastric cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5: e1295 [PMID: 24946088 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.263]
13. Terai S, Fushida S, Tsukada T, Kinoshita J, Oyama K, Okamoto K, Makino I, Tajima H, Ninomiya I, Fujimura T, Harada S, Ohta T. Bone marrow derived fibrocytes contribute to tumor proliferation and fibrosis in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2015; 18: 306-313 [PMID: 24792410]
14. Shan LH, Sun WG, Han W, Qi L, Yang C, Chai CC, Yao K, Zhou QF, Wu HM, Wang LF, Liu JR. Roles of fibroblasts from the interface zone in invasion, migration, proliferation and apoptosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2012; 65: 888-895 [PMID: 22844068]
15. Madar S, Goldstein I, Rotter V. 'Cancer associated fibroblasts'-more than meets the eye. Trends Mol Med 2013; 19: 447-453 [PMID: 23769623 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.05.004]
16. Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Lisanti MP, Sotgia F. Catabolic cancerassociated fibroblasts transfer energy and biomass to anabolic cancer cells, fueling tumor growth. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 25: 47-60 [PMID: 24486645 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.01.005]
17. Zhang B, Wang Q, Pan X. MicroRNAs and their regulatory roles in animals and plants. J Cell Physiol 2007; 210: 279-289 [PMID: 17096367]
18. Gyparaki MT, Basdra EK, Papavassiliou AG. MicroRNAs as regulatory elements in triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 354: 1-4 [PMID: 25107641 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.07.036]
19. Yang TS, Yang XH, Chen X, Wang XD, Hua J, Zhou DL, Zhou B, Song ZS. MicroRNA-106b in cancer-associated fibroblasts from gastric cancer promotes cell migration and invasion by targeting PTEN. FEBS Lett 2014; 588: 2162-2169 [PMID: 24842611 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.04.050]
20. Guo J, Miao Y, Xiao B, Huan R, Jiang Z, Meng D, Wang Y. Differential expression of microRNA species in human gastric cancer versus non-tumorous tissues. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 24: 652-657 [PMID: 19175831 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2008.05666.x]
21. Seok JK, Lee SH, Kim MJ, Lee YM. MicroRNA-382 induced by HIF-1? is an angiogenic miR targeting the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42: 8062-8072 [PMID: 24914051 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku515]
22. Li F, Liu J, Li S. MicorRNA 106b~25 cluster and gastric cancer. Surg Oncol 2013; 22: e7-10 [PMID: 23510949 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2013.01.003]
23. Li B, Shi XB, Nori D, Chao CK, Chen AM, Valicenti R, White Rde V. Down-regulation of microRNA 106b is involved in p21-mediated cell cycle arrest in response to radiation in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2011; 71: 567-574 [PMID: 20878953 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21272]
24. Prasad R, Katiyar SK. Down-regulation of miRNA-106b inhibits growth of melanoma cells by promoting G1-phase cell cycle arrest and reactivation of p21/WAF1/Cip1 protein. Oncotarget 2014; 5: 10636-10649 [PMID: 25361006]
25. Tsujiura M, Ichikawa D, Komatsu S, Shiozaki A, Takeshita H, Kosuga T, Konishi H, Morimura R, Deguchi K, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Otsuji E. Circulating microRNAs in plasma of patients with gastric cancers. Br J Cancer 2010; 102: 1174-1179 [PMID: 20234369 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605608]
26. Li XH, Zheng HC, Takahashi H, Masuda S, Yang XH, Takano Y. PTEN expression and mutation in colorectal carcinomas. Oncol Rep 2009; 22: 757-764 [PMID: 19724853]
27. Yang L, Kuang LG, Zheng HC, Li JY, Wu DY, Zhang SM, Xin Y. PTEN encoding product: a marker for tumorigenesis and progression of gastric carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9: 35-39 [PMID: 12508347]
28. Wushou A, Hou J, Zhao YJ, Shao ZM. Twist-1 up-regulation in carcinoma correlates to poor survival. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15: 21621-21630 [PMID: 25429425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151221621]
29. Nuti SV, Mor G, Li P, Yin G. TWIST and ovarian cancer stem cells: implications for chemoresistance and metastasis. Oncotarget 2014; 5: 7260-7271 [PMID: 25238494]
30. Sung CO, Lee KW, Han S, Kim SH. Twist1 is up-regulated in gastric cancer-associated fibroblasts with poor clinical outcomes. Am J Pathol 2011; 179: 1827-1838 [PMID: 21854747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.06.032]
31. Lee KW, Yeo SY, Sung CO, Kim SH. Twist1 is a key regulator of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cancer Res 2015; 75: 73-85 [PMID: 25368021 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-0350]
32. Hasselblatt M, Mertsch S, Koos B, Riesmeier B, Stegemann H, Jeibmann A, Tomm M, Schmitz N, Wrede B, Wolff JE, Zheng W, Paulus W. TWIST-1 is overexpressed in neoplastic choroid plexus epithelial cells and promotes proliferation and invasion. Cancer Res 2009; 69: 2219-2223 [PMID: 19276370 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472. CAN-08-3176]
33. Dong P, Kaneuchi M, Watari H, Sudo S, Sakuragi N. MicroRNA-106b modulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting TWIST1 in invasive endometrial cancer cell lines. Mol Carcinog 2014; 53: 349-359 [PMID: 24002805 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21983]
34. Slaby O, Jancovicova J, Lakomy R, Svoboda M, Poprach A, Fabian P, Kren L, Michalek J, Vyzula R. Expression of miRNA-106b in conventional renal cell carcinoma is a potential marker for prediction of early metastasis after nephrectomy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2010; 29: 90 [PMID: 20609231 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-29-90]
35. Wu XL, Cheng B, Li PY, Huang HJ, Zhao Q, Dan ZL, Tian DA, Zhang P. MicroRNA-143 suppresses gastric cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis by targeting COX-2. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19: 7758-7765 [PMID: 24616567 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19. i43.7758]
36. Han X, Li H, Su L, Zhu W, Xu W, Li K, Zhao Q, Yang H, Liu H. Effect of celecoxib plus standard chemotherapy on serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase-2 in patients with gastric cancer. Biomed Rep 2014; 2: 183-187 [PMID: 24649093]
37. Zhang H, Sun K, Ding J, Xu H, Zhu L, Zhang K, Li X, Sun W. Harmine induces apoptosis and inhibits tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion through down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in gastric cancer. Phytomedicine 2014; 21: 348-355 [PMID: 24176842 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.09.007]
38. Naito Y, Sakamoto N, Oue N, Yashiro M, Sentani K, Yanagihara K, Hirakawa K, Yasui W. MicroRNA-143 regulates collagen type III expression in stromal fibroblasts of scirrhous type gastric cancer. Cancer Sci 2014; 105: 228-235 [PMID: 24283360 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12329]
39. Chintala SK, Sawaya R, Gokaslan ZL, Rao JS. The effect of type III collagen on migration and invasion of human glioblastoma cell lines in vitro. Cancer Lett 1996; 102: 57-63 [PMID: 8603379]
40. Lv ZD, Na D, Liu FN, Du ZM, Sun Z, Li Z, Ma XY, Wang ZN, Xu HM. Induction of gastric cancer cell adhesion through transforming growth factor-beta1-mediated peritoneal fibrosis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2010; 29: 139 [PMID: 21034459 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-29-139]
41. Cui SY, Wang R, Chen LB. MicroRNA-145: a potent tumour suppressor that regulates multiple cellular pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18: 1913-1926 [PMID: 25124875 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12358]
42. Cordes KR, Sheehy NT, White MP, Berry EC, Morton SU, Muth AN, Lee TH, Miano JM, Ivey KN, Srivastava D. miR-145 and miR-143 regulate smooth muscle cell fate and plasticity. Nature 2009; 460: 705-710 [PMID: 19578358 DOI: 10.1038/nature08195]
43. Wang C, Tao W, Ni S, Chen Q, Zhao Z, Ma L, Fu Y, Jiao Z. Tumor-suppressive microRNA-145 induces growth arrest by targeting SENP1 in human prostate cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2015; 106: 375-382 [PMID: 25645686 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12626]
44. Naito Y, Yasuno K, Tagawa H, Sakamoto N, Oue N, Yashiro M, Sentani K, Goto K, Shinmei S, Oo HZ, Yanagihara K, Hirakawa K, Yasui W. MicroRNA-145 is a potential prognostic factor of scirrhous type gastric cancer. Oncol Rep 2014; 32: 1720-1726 [PMID: 25051317 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3333]
45. Feng B, Wang R, Song HZ, Chen LB. MicroRNA-200b reverses chemoresistance of docetaxel-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma cells by targeting E2F3. Cancer 2012; 118: 3365-3376 [PMID: 22139708 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26560]
46. Zhang X, Zhang B, Gao J, Wang X, Liu Z. Regulation of the microRNA 200b (miRNA-200b) by transcriptional regulators PEA3 and ELK-1 protein affects expression of Pin1 protein to control anoikis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288: 32742-32752 [PMID: 24072701 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M113.478016]
47. Li X, Roslan S, Johnstone CN, Wright JA, Bracken CP, Anderson M, Bert AG, Selth LA, Anderson RL, Goodall GJ, Gregory PA, Khew-Goodall Y. MiR-200 can repress breast cancer metastasis through ZEB1-independent but moesin-dependent pathways. Oncogene 2014; 33: 4077-4088 [PMID: 24037528 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.370]
48. Kurashige J, Mima K, Sawada G, Takahashi Y, Eguchi H, Sugimachi K, Mori M, Yanagihara K, Yashiro M, Hirakawa K, Baba H, Mimori K. Epigenetic modulation and repression of miR-200b by cancer-associated fibroblasts contribute to cancer invasion and peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36: 133-141 [PMID: 25411357 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu232]
49. Yuan JH, Yang F, Wang F, Ma JZ, Guo YJ, Tao QF, Liu F, Pan W, Wang TT, Zhou CC, Wang SB, Wang YZ, Yang Y, Yang N, Zhou WP, Yang GS, Sun SH. A long noncoding RNA activated by TGF-? promotes the invasion-metastasis cascade in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell 2014; 25: 666-681 [PMID: 24768205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.03.010]
50. Chowdhury S, Sarkar RR. Comparison of human cell signaling pathway databases-evolution, drawbacks and challenges. Database (Oxford) 2015; 2015 [PMID: 25632107 DOI: 10.1093/database/bau126]
51. Pickup M, Novitskiy S, Moses HL. The roles of TGF? in the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer 2013; 13: 788-799 [PMID: 24132110 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3603]
52. Liu L, Nie J, Chen L, Dong G, Du X, Wu X, Tang Y, Han W. The oncogenic role of microRNA-130a/301a/454 in human colorectal cancer via targeting Smad4 expression. PLoS One 2013; 8: e55532 [PMID: 23393589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055532]
53. Hawinkels LJ, Paauwe M, Verspaget HW, Wiercinska E, van der Zon JM, van der Ploeg K, Koelink PJ, Lindeman JH, Mesker W, ten Dijke P, Sier CF. Interaction with colon cancer cells hyperactivates TGF-? signaling in cancer-associated fibroblasts. Oncogene 2014; 33: 97-107 [PMID: 23208491 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.536]
54. Zhang H, Liu L, Wang Y, Zhao G, Xie R, Liu C, Xiao X, Wu K, Nie Y, Zhang H, Fan D. KLF8 involves in TGF-beta-induced EMT and promotes invasion and migration in gastric cancer cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139: 1033-1042 [PMID: 23504025 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1363-3]
55. Zhang H, Sun L, Xiao X, Xie R, Liu C, Wang Y, Wei Y, Zhang H, Liu L. Krüppel-like factor 8 contributes to hypoxia-induced MDR in gastric cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2014; 105: 1109-1115 [PMID: 25040744 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12483]
56. Bokhari AA, Syed V. Inhibition of Transforming Growth Factor-? (TGF-?) Signaling by Scutellaria baicalensis and Fritillaria cirrhosa Extracts in Endometrial Cancer. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116: 1797-1805 [PMID: 25683036 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25138]
57. Ward AF, Braun BS, Shannon KM. Targeting oncogenic Ras signaling in hematologic malignancies. Blood 2012; 120: 3397-3406 [PMID: 22898602 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-05-378596]
58. Shields JM, Pruitt K, McFall A, Shaub A, Der CJ. Understanding Ras: 'it ain't over 'til it's over'. Trends Cell Biol 2000; 10: 147-154 [PMID: 10740269]
59. Friday BB, Adjei AA. K-ras as a target for cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta 2005; 1756: 127-144 [PMID: 16139957]
60. Shao DD, Xue W, Krall EB, Bhutkar A, Piccioni F, Wang X, Schinzel AC, Sood S, Rosenbluh J, Kim JW, Zwang Y, Roberts TM, Root DE, Jacks T, Hahn WC. KRAS and YAP1 converge to regulate EMT and tumor survival. Cell 2014; 158: 171-184 [PMID: 24954536 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.06.004]
61. Song IS, Oh NS, Kim HT, Ha GH, Jeong SY, Kim JM, Kim DI, Yoo HS, Kim CH, Kim NS. Human ZNF312b promotes the progression of gastric cancer by transcriptional activation of the K-ras gene. Cancer Res 2009; 69: 3131-3139 [PMID: 19318583 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2240]
62. Qi X, Xie C, Hou S, Li G, Yin N, Dong L, Lepp A, Chesnik MA, Mirza SP, Szabo A, Tsai S, Basir Z, Wu S, Chen G. Identification of a ternary protein-complex as a therapeutic target for K-Rasdependent colon cancer. Oncotarget 2014; 5: 4269-4282 [PMID: 24962213]
63. O'Shea JJ, Plenge R. JAK and STAT signaling molecules in immunoregulation and immune-mediated disease. Immunity 2012; 36: 542-550 [PMID: 22520847 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.03.014]
64. Coskun M, Salem M, Pedersen J, Nielsen OH. Involvement of JAK/STAT signaling in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Res 2013; 76: 1-8 [PMID: 23827161 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.06.007]
65. Quintás-Cardama A, Verstovsek S. Molecular pathways: Jak/STAT pathway: mutations, inhibitors, and resistance. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19: 1933-1940 [PMID: 23406773 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432. CCR-12-0284]
66. Ma J, Ma D, Ji C. The role of IL-21 in hematological malignancies. Cytokine 2011; 56: 133-139 [PMID: 21824785 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.07.011]
67. De Simone V, Franzè E, Ronchetti G, Colantoni A, Fantini MC, Di Fusco D, Sica GS, Sileri P, MacDonald TT, Pallone F, Monteleone G, Stolfi C. Th17-type cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-? synergistically activate STAT3 and NF-kB to promote colorectal cancer cell growth. Oncogene 2015; 34: 3493-3503 [PMID: 25174402 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.286]
68. Tseng-Rogenski SS, Hamaya Y, Choi DY, Carethers JM. Interleukin 6 alters localization of hMSH3, leading to DNA mismatch repair defects in colorectal cancer cells. Gastroenterology 2015; 148: 579-589 [PMID: 25461668 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.11.027]
69. He G, Karin M. NF-?B and STAT3-key players in liver inflammation and cancer. Cell Res 2011; 21: 159-168 [PMID: 21187858 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2010.183]
70. Karin M. NF-kappaB as a critical link between inflammation and cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2009; 1: a000141 [PMID: 20066113 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a000141]
71. Grivennikov SI, Karin M. Dangerous liaisons: STAT3 and NFkappaB collaboration and crosstalk in cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2010; 21: 11-19 [PMID: 20018552 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.11.005]
72. Li J, Lau GK, Chen L, Dong SS, Lan HY, Huang XR, Li Y, Luk JM, Yuan YF, Guan XY. Interleukin 17A promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via NF-kB induced matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 expression. PLoS One 2011; 6: e21816 [PMID: 21760911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021816]
73. Cichon MA, Radisky DC. ROS-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in mammary epithelial cells is mediated by NF-kBdependent activation of Snail. Oncotarget 2014; 5: 2827-2838 [PMID: 24811539]
74. Zhang L, Li YJ, Wu XY, Hong Z, Wei WS. MicroRNA-181c negatively regulates the inflammatory response in oxygen-glucosedeprived microglia by targeting Toll-like receptor 4. J Neurochem 2015; 132: 713-723 [PMID: 25545945 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13021]
75. Al-Halabi R, Bou Chedid M, Abou Merhi R, El-Hajj H, Zahr H, Schneider-Stock R, Bazarbachi A, Gali-Muhtasib H. Gallotannin inhibits NF?B signaling and growth of human colon cancer xenografts. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 12: 59-68 [PMID: 21532339 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.12.1.15715]
76. Griffiths EA, Pritchard SA, Welch IM, Price PM, West CM. Is the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway important in gastric cancer? Eur J Cancer 2005; 41: 2792-2805 [PMID: 16290133]
77. Kannan A, Krishnan A, Ali M, Subramaniam S, Halagowder D, Sivasithamparam ND. Caveolin-1 promotes gastric cancer progression by up-regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition by crosstalk of signalling mechanisms under hypoxic condition. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50: 204-215 [PMID: 24070739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.08.016]
78. Pouysségur J, Dayan F, Mazure NM. Hypoxia signalling in cancer and approaches to enforce tumour regression. Nature 2006; 441: 437-443 [PMID: 16724055]
79. Nauta TD, van Hinsbergh VW, Koolwijk P. Hypoxic signaling during tissue repair and regenerative medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15: 19791-19815 [PMID: 25365172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151119791]
80. Koh MY, Powis G. HAF : the new player in oxygen-independent HIF-1alpha degradation. Cell Cycle 2009; 8: 1359-1366 [PMID: 19377289]
81. Ye LY, Zhang Q, Bai XL, Pankaj P, Hu QD, Liang TB. Hypoxiainducible factor 1? expression and its clinical significance in pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis. Pancreatology 2014; 14: 391-397 [PMID: 25278309 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2014.06.008]
82. Chen Y, Li X, Wu S, Xu G, Zhou Y, Gong L, Li Z, Yang D. Expression of HIF-1? and CAIX in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and their correlation with patients' prognosis. Med Oncol 2014; 31: 304 [PMID: 25377659 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0304-1]
83. Lin S, Ma R, Zheng XY, Yu H, Liang X, Lin H, Cai XJ. Metaanalysis of immunohistochemical expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1? as a prognostic role in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20: 1107-1113 [PMID: 24574785 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i4.1107]
84. Sun XP, Dong X, Lin L, Jiang X, Wei Z, Zhai B, Sun B, Zhang Q, Wang X, Jiang H, Krissansen GW, Qiao H, Sun X. Up-regulation of survivin by AKT and hypoxia-inducible factor 1? contributes to cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer. FEBS J 2014; 281: 115-128 [PMID: 24165223 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12577]
85. Liang Y, Zheng T, Song R, Wang J, Yin D, Wang L, Liu H, Tian L, Fang X, Meng X, Jiang H, Liu J, Liu L. Hypoxia-mediated sorafenib resistance can be overcome by EF24 through Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor-dependent HIF-1? inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2013; 57: 1847-1857 [PMID: 23299930 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26224]
86. Takahashi Y, Cleary KR, Mai M, Kitadai Y, Bucana CD, Ellis LM. Significance of vessel count and vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor (KDR) in intestinal-type gastric cancer. Clin Cancer Res 1996; 2: 1679-1684 [PMID: 9816116]
87. Rupp C, Scherzer M, Rudisch A, Unger C, Haslinger C, Schweifer N, Artaker M, Nivarthi H, Moriggl R, Hengstschläger M, Kerjaschki D, Sommergruber W, Dolznig H, Garin-Chesa P. IGFBP7, a novel tumor stroma marker, with growth-promoting effects in colon cancer through a paracrine tumor-stroma interaction. Oncogene 2015; 34: 815-825 [PMID: 24632618]
88. De Francesco EM, Lappano R, Santolla MF, Marsico S, Caruso A, Maggiolini M. HIF-1?/GPER signaling mediates the expression of VEGF induced by hypoxia in breast cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15: R64 [PMID: 23947803 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3458]
89. Nagasaki T, Hara M, Nakanishi H, Takahashi H, Sato M, Takeyama H. Interleukin-6 released by colon cancer-associated fibroblasts is critical for tumour angiogenesis: anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody suppressed angiogenesis and inhibited tumourstroma interaction. Br J Cancer 2014; 110: 469-478 [PMID: 24346288 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.748]
90. Amelio I, Inoue S, Markert EK, Levine AJ, Knight RA, Mak TW, Melino G. TAp73 opposes tumor angiogenesis by promoting hypoxia-inducible factor 1? degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2015; 112: 226-231 [PMID: 25535359 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1410609111]
91. Zhou Z, Liu F, Zhang ZS, Shu F, Zheng Y, Fu L, Li LY. Human rhomboid family-1 suppresses oxygen-independent degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1? in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 74: 2719-2730 [PMID: 24648344 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472. CAN-13-1027]
92. Chiavarina B, Whitaker-Menezes D, Migneco G, Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Pavlides S, Howell A, Tanowitz HB, Casimiro MC, Wang C, Pestell RG, Grieshaber P, Caro J, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. HIF1-alpha functions as a tumor promoter in cancer associated fibroblasts, and as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer cells: Autophagy drives compartment-specific oncogenesis. Cell Cycle 2010; 9: 3534-3551 [PMID: 20864819 DOI: 10.4161/cc.9.17.12908]
93. Suh DH, Kim HS, Kim B, Song YS. Metabolic orchestration between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment as a coevolutionary source of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer: a therapeutic implication. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92: 43-54 [PMID: 25168677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.011]
94. Shi Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Hong L, Liu N, Jin X, Pan Y, Fan D. Overexpression of ZNRD1 promotes multidrug-resistant phenotype of gastric cancer cells through upregulation of P-glycoprotein. Cancer Biol Ther 2004; 3: 377-381 [PMID: 14726695]
95. Zhang B, Yang Y, Shi X, Liao W, Chen M, Cheng AS, Yan H, Fang C, Zhang S, Xu G, Shen S, Huang S, Chen G, Lv Y, Ling T, Zhang X, Wang L, Zhuge Y, Zou X. Proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole abrogates adriamycin-resistant gastric cancer cell invasiveness via suppression of Akt/GSK-?/?-catenin signaling and epithelialmesenchymal transition. Cancer Lett 2015; 356: 704-712 [PMID: 25449432 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.10.016]
96. Abdel-Rahman O. Targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway in gastric cancer: preclinical and clinical aspects. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 93: 18-27 [PMID: 24970311 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.05.012]
97. Fuchs CS, Tomasek J, Yong CJ, Dumitru F, Passalacqua R, Goswami C, Safran H, dos Santos LV, Aprile G, Ferry DR, Melichar B, Tehfe M, Topuzov E, Zalcberg JR, Chau I, Campbell W, Sivanandan C, Pikiel J, Koshiji M, Hsu Y, Liepa AM, Gao L, Schwartz JD, Tabernero J. Ramucirumab monotherapy for previously treated advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (REGARD): an international, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2014; 383: 31-39 [PMID: 24094768 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61719-5]
98. Álvarez P, Marchal JA, Boulaiz H, Carrillo E, Vélez C, Rodríguez-Serrano F, Melguizo C, Prados J, Madeddu R, Aranega A. 5-Fluorouracil derivatives: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 22: 107-123 [PMID: 22329541 DOI: 10.1517/13543776 .2012.661413]
99. Xu ZY, Tang JN, Xie HX, Du YA, Huang L, Yu PF, Cheng XD. 5-Fluorouracil chemotherapy of gastric cancer generates residual cells with properties of cancer stem cells. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11: 284-294 [PMID: 25678847 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10248]
100. Lee J, Fassnacht M, Nair S, Boczkowski D, Gilboa E. Tumor immunotherapy targeting fibroblast activation protein, a product expressed in tumor-associated fibroblasts. Cancer Res 2005; 65: 11156-11163 [PMID: 16322266]
101. Ohshio Y, Teramoto K, Hanaoka J, Tezuka N, Itoh Y, Asai T, Daigo Y, Ogasawara K. Cancer-associated fibroblast-targeted strategy enhances antitumor immune responses in dendritic cellbased vaccine. Cancer Sci 2015; 106: 134-142 [PMID: 25483888 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12584]