Dendrimer-based molecular imaging contrast agents

Progress in Polymer Science

Volumn 44, Issue , 2015, Pages 1-27

  Qiao, Zheng ^a,b   Shi, Xiangyang ^a,b  

^a DONGHUA UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MADEIRA   (Portugal)

Author keywords

Cancer diagnosis; Dendrimers; DendrimersMolecular imaging; ImagingContrast agents; Organic inorganic nanohybrids; Radionuclide based imaging

Indexed keywords

DENDRIMERS; DISEASES; METAL IONS; METAL NANOPARTICLES; RADIOISOTOPES; SCAFFOLDS; SELF ASSEMBLY;

CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CONTRAST AGENT; FACILE MODIFICATIONS; IMAGING APPLICATIONS; MOLECULAR CONTRAST AGENTS; MULTIFUNCTIONAL NANOPROBES; NANOHYBRIDS; ORGANIC/INORGANIC HYBRIDS;

MOLECULAR IMAGING;

EID: 84930944241     PISSN: 00796700     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.08.002     Document Type: Review

References (198)

1. R. Duncan, and S.C.W. Richardson Endocytosis and intracellular trafficking as gateways for nanomedicine delivery: opportunities and challenges Mol Pharm 9 2012 2380 2402
2. H. Chen, H. Zhu, J. Hu, Y. Zhao, Q. Wang, J. Wan, Y. Yang, H. Xu, and X. Yang Highly compressed assembly of deformable nanogels into nanoscale suprastructures and their application in nanomedicine ACS Nano 5 2011 2671 2680
3. T. Lammers, S. Aime, W.E. Hennink, G. Storm, and F. Kiessling Theranostic nanomedicine Acc Chem Res 44 2011 1029 1038
4. Y. Namiki, T. Fuchigami, N. Tada, R. Kawamura, S. Matsunuma, Y. Kitamoto, and M. Nakagawa Nanomedicine for cancer: lipid-based nanostructures for drug delivery and monitoring Acc Chem Res 44 2011 1080 1093
5. L. Tang, T.M. Fan, L.B. Borst, and J. Cheng Synthesis and biological response of size-specific, monodisperse drug-silica nanoconjugates ACS Nano 6 2012 3954 3966
6. H.W. Yang, M.Y. Hua, H.L. Liu, R.Y. Tsai, C.K. Chuang, P.C. Chu, P.Y. Wu, Y.H. Chang, H.C. Chuang, K.J. Yu, and S.T. Pang Cooperative dual-activity targeted nanomedicine for specific and effective prostate cancer therapy ACS Nano 6 2012 1795 1805
7. O.C. Farokhzad, J.J. Cheng, B.A. Teply, I. Sherifi, S. Jon, P.W. Kantoff, J.P. Richie, and R. Langer Targeted nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates for cancer chemotherapy in vivo Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103 2006 6315 6320
8. W. Fang, J. He, Y.S. Kim, Y. Zhou, and S. Liu Evaluation of 99mTc-labeled cyclic RGD peptide with a PEG4 linker for thrombosis imaging: comparison with DMP444 Bioconjugate Chem 22 2011 1715 1722
9. S. Kunjachan, F. Gremse, B. Theek, P. Koczera, R. Pola, M. Pechar, T. Etrych, K. Ulbrich, G. Storm, F. Kiessling, and T. Lammers Noninvasive optical imaging of nanomedicine biodistribution ACS Nano 7 2012 252 262
10. S. Dong, and M. Roman Fluorescently labeled cellulose nanocrystals for bioimaging applications J Am Chem Soc 129 2007 13810 13811
11. N. Erathodiyil, and J.Y. Ying Functionalization of inorganic nanoparticles for bioimaging applications Acc Chem Res 44 2011 925 935
12. H. Koo, M.S. Huh, J.H. Ryu, D.E. Lee, I.C. Sun, K. Choi, K. Kim, and I.C. Kwon Nanoprobes for biomedical imaging in living systems Nano Today 6 2011 204 220
13. M. Ogawa, C.A.S. Regino, J. Seidel, M.V. Green, W. Xi, M. Williams, N. Kosaka, P.L. Choyke, and H. Kobayashi Dual-modality molecular imaging using antibodies labeled with activatable fluorescence and a radionuclide for specific and quantitative targeted cancer detection Bioconjugate Chem 20 2009 2177 2184
14. A. Gupta, S. Wang, P. Pera, K.V.R. Rao, N. Patel, T.Y. Ohulchanskyy, J. Missert, J. Morgan, Y.E. Koo-Lee, R. Kopelman, and R.K. Pandey Multifunctional nanoplatforms for fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy developed by post-loading photosensitizer and fluorophore to polyacrylamide nanoparticles Nanomed-Nanotechnol Biol Med 8 2012 941 950
15. R. Popovtzer, A. Agrawal, N.A. Kotov, A. Popovtzer, J. Balter, T.E. Carey, and R. Kopelman Targeted gold nanoparticles enable molecular CT imaging of cancer Nano Lett 8 2008 4593 4596
16. D. Danila, E. Johnson, and P. Kee CT imaging of myocardial scars with collagen-targeting gold nanoparticles Nanomed-Nanotechnol Biol Med 9 2013 1067 1076
17. F. Ye, E.K. Jeong, Z. Jia, T. Yang, D. Parker, and Z.R. Lu A peptide targeted contrast agent specific to fibrin-fibronectin complexes for cancer molecular imaging with MRI Bioconjugate Chem 19 2008 2300 2303
18. K.W.Y. Chan, and W.T. Wong Small molecular gadolinium(III) complexes as MRI contrast agents for diagnostic imaging Coord Chem Rev 251 2007 2428 2451
19. H. Cai, X. An, J. Cui, J. Li, S. Wen, K. Li, M. Shen, L. Zheng, G. Zhang, and X. Shi Facile hydrothermal synthesis and surface functionalization of polyethyleneimine-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5 2013 1722 1731
20. 4@Au composite nanoparticles for dual mode MR/CT imaging applications ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5 2013 10357 10366
21. M. Shen, H. Cai, X. Wang, X. Cao, K. Li, S.H. Wang, R. Guo, L. Zheng, G. Zhang, and X. Shi Facile one-pot preparation, surface functionalization, and toxicity assay of APTS-coated iron oxide nanoparticles Nanotechnology 23 2012 105601
22. J. Li, L. Zheng, H. Cai, W. Sun, M. Shen, G. Zhang, and X. Shi Polyethyleneimine-mediated synthesis of folic acid-targeted iron oxide nanoparticles for in vivo tumor MR imaging Biomaterials 34 2013 8382 8392
23. C.T. Yang, and K.H. Chuang Gd(III) chelates for MRI contrast agents: from high relaxivity to "smart", from blood pool to blood-brain barrier permeable MedChemComm 3 2012 552 565
24. S.M. Ametamey, M. Honer, and P.A. Schubiger Molecular imaging with PET Chem Rev 108 2008 1501 1516
25. D.A. Mankoff, J.H. Lee, and W.B. Eubank Breast cancer imaging with novel PET tracers PET Clin 4 2009 371 380
26. C. Catana, Y. Wu, M.S. Judenhofer, J. Qi, B.J. Pichler, and S.R. Cherry Simultaneous acquisition of multislice PET and MR images: initial results with a MR-compatible PET scanner J Nucl Med 47 2006 1968 1976
27. D. Cheng, Y. Wang, X. Liu, P.H. Pretorius, M. Liang, M. Rusckowski, and D.J. Hnatowich Comparison of 18F PET and 99mTc SPECT imaging in phantoms and in tumored mice Bioconjugate Chem 21 2010 1565 1570
28. P.J. Ell Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the brain J Neurosci Methods 34 1990 207 217
29. T.F. Massoud, and S.S. Gambhir Molecular imaging in living subjects: seeing fundamental biological processes in a new light Genes Dev 17 2003 545 580
30. D.J. Wagenaar, R. Weissleder, and A. Hengerer Glossary of molecular imaging terminology Acad Radiol 8 2001 409 420
31. R. Weissleder, and U. Mahmood Molecular imaging Radiology 219 2001 316 333
32. H. Lusic, and M.W. Grinstaff X-ray-computed tomography contrast agents Chem Rev 113 2012 1641 1666
33. M. Longmire, P.L. Choyke, and H. Kobayashi Dendrimer-based contrast agents for molecular imaging Curr Top Med Chem 8 2008 1180 1186
34. D. Pan, S.D. Caruthers, G. Hu, A. Senpan, M.J. Scott, P.J. Gaffney, S.A. Wickline, and G.M. Lanza Ligand-directed nanobialys as theranostic agent for drug delivery and manganese-based magnetic resonance imaging of vascular targets J Am Chem Soc 130 2008 9186 9187
35. G.D. Moon, S.W. Choi, X. Cai, W. Li, E.C. Cho, U. Jeong, L.V. Wang, and Y. Xia A new theranostic system based on gold nanocages and phase-change materials with unique features for photoacoustic imaging and controlled release J Am Chem Soc 133 2011 4762 4765
36. M. Shokeen, and C.J. Anderson Molecular imaging of cancer with copper-64 radiopharmaceuticals and positron emission tomography (PET) Acc Chem Res 42 2009 832 841
37. A. Louie Multimodality imaging probes: design and challenges Chem Rev 110 2010 3146 3195
38. A. Signore, S.J. Mather, G. Piaggio, G. Malviya, and R.A. Dierckx Molecular imaging of inflammation/infection: nuclear medicine and optical imaging agents and methods Chem Rev 110 2010 3112 3145
39. D. Tomalia, H. Baker, J. Dewald, M. Hall, G. Kallos, S. Martin, J. Roeck, J. Ryder, and P. Smith A new class of polymers: starburst-dendritic macromolecules Polym J 17 1985 117 132
40. D.A. Tomalia Starburstrdendrimers-nanoscopic supermolecules according to dendritic rules and principles Macromol Symp 101 1996 243 255
41. D.A. Tomalia Birth of a new macromolecular architecture: dendrimers as quantized building blocks for nanoscale synthetic polymer chemistry Prog Polym Sci 30 2005 294 324
42. D.A. Tomalia, and J.M. Fréchet Discovery of dendrimers and dendritic polymers: a brief historical perspective J Polym Sci Polym Chem 40 2002 2719 2728
43. D.A. Tomalia, and J.M.J. Frechet Dendrimers and other dendritic polymers 2001 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. New York, NY 647 pp
44. D.A. Tomalia, M. Hall, and D.M. Hedstrand Starburst dendrimers. III. The importance of branch junction symmetry in the development of topological shell molecules J Am Chem Soc 109 1987 1601 1603
45. A.W. Bosman, H.M. Janssen, and E.W. Meijer About dendrimers: structure, physical properties, and applications Chem Rev 99 1999 1665 1688
46. M.A. Mintzer, and M.W. Grinstaff Biomedical applications of dendrimers: a tutorial Chem Soc Rev 40 2011 173 190
47. R. Guo, and X. Shi Dendrimers in cancer therapeutics and diagnosis Curr Drug Metab 13 2012 1097 1109
48. M. Shen, and X. Shi Dendrimer-based organic/inorganic hybrid nanoparticles in biomedical applications Nanoscale 2 2010 1596 1610
49. L. Zheng, J. Zhu, M. Shen, X. Chen, J.R. Baker Jr., S.H. Wang, G. Zhang, and X. Shi Targeted cancer cell inhibition using multifunctional dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles MedChemComm 4 2013 1001 1005
50. S. Svenson, and D.A. Tomalia Dendrimers in biomedical applications-reflections on the field Adv Drug Delivery Rev 57 2005 2106 2129
51. S.H. Medina, and M.E.H. El-Sayed Dendrimers as carriers for delivery of chemotherapeutic agents Chem Rev 109 2009 3141 3157
52. S.H. Medina, V. Tekumalla, M.V. Chevliakov, D.S. Shewach, W.D. Ensminger, and M.E.H. El-Sayed N-acetylgalactosamine-functionalized dendrimers as hepatic cancer cell-targeted carriers Biomaterials 32 2011 4118 4129
53. T. Uehara, D. Ishii, T. Uemura, H. Suzuki, T. Kanei, K. Takagi, M. Takama, M. Murakami, H. Akizawa, and Y. Arano γ-Glutamyl PAMAM dendrimer as versatile precursor for dendrimer-based targeting devices Bioconjugate Chem 21 2009 175 181
54. S. Hong, P.R. Leroueil, I.J. Majoros, B.G. Orr, J.R. Baker Jr., and M.M. Banaszak Holl The binding avidity of a nanoparticle-based multivalent targeted drug delivery platform Chem Biol 14 2007 107 115
55. R. Shukla, E. Hill, X. Shi, J. Kim, M.C. Muniz, K. Sun, and J.R. Baker Jr. Tumor microvasculature targeting with dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles Soft Matter 4 2008 2160 2163
56. J. Tang, Y. Sheng, H. Hu, and Y. Shen Macromolecular MRI contrast agents: structures, properties and applications Prog Polym Sci 38 2013 462 502
57. H. Kobayashi, and M.W. Brechbiel Nano-sized MRI contrast agents with dendrimer cores Adv Drug Delivery Rev 57 2005 2271 2286
58. H. Kobayashi, S. Kawamoto, S.K. Jo, H.L. Bryant, M.W. Brechbiel, and R.A. Star Macromolecular MRI contrast agents with small dendrimers: pharmacokinetic differences between sizes and cores Bioconjugate Chem 14 2003 388 394
59. X. Shi, S. Wang, H. Sun, and J.R. Baker Jr. Improved biocompatibility of surface functionalized dendrimer entrapped gold nanoparticles Soft Matter 3 2007 71 74
60. C. Peng, L. Zheng, Q. Chen, M. Shen, R. Guo, H. Wang, X. Cao, G. Zhang, and X. Shi PEGylated dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles for in vivo blood pool and tumor imaging by computed tomography Biomaterials 33 2012 1107 1119
61. I.J. Majoros, A. Myc, T. Thomas, C.B. Mehta, and J.R. Baker Jr. PAMAM dendrimer-based multifunctional conjugate for cancer therapy: synthesis, characterization, and functionality Biomacromolecules 7 2006 572 579
62. T.P. Thomas, S.K. Choi, M.H. Li, A. Kotlyar, and J.R. Baker Jr. Design of riboflavin-presenting PAMAM dendrimers as a new nanoplatform for cancer-targeted delivery Bioorg Med Chem Lett 20 2010 5191 5194
63. T.P. Thomas, I.J. Majoros, A. Kotlyar, J.F. Kukowska-Latallo, A. Bielinska, A. Myc, and J.R. Baker Jr. Targeting and inhibition of cell growth by an engineered dendritic nanodevice J Med Chem 48 2005 3729 3735
64. T.P. Thomas, A.K. Patri, A. Myc, M.T. Myaing, J.Y. Ye, T.B. Norris, and J.R. Baker Jr. In vitro targeting of synthesized antibody-conjugated dendrimer nanoparticles Biomacromolecules 5 2004 2269 2274
65. T.P. Thomas, R. Shukla, A. Kotlyar, B. Liang, J.Y. Ye, T.B. Norris, and J.R. Baker Jr. Dendrimer-epidermal growth factor conjugate displays superagonist activity Biomacromolecules 9 2008 603 609
66. A.T. Yordanov, A.L. Lodder, E.K. Woller, M.J. Cloninger, N. Patronas, D. Milenic, and M.W. Brechbiel Novel iodinated dendritic nanoparticles for computed tomography (CT) imaging Nano Lett 2 2002 595 599
67. C. Peng, K. Li, X. Cao, T. Xiao, W. Hon, L. Zheng, R. Guo, M. Shen, G. Zhang, and X. Shi Facile formation of dendrimer-stabilized gold nanoparticles modified with diatrizoic acid for enhanced computed tomography imaging applications Nanoscale 4 2012 6768 6778
68. C. Peng, and X. Shi Dendrimer-related nanoparticle system for computed tomography imaging Y. Cheng, Dendrimer-based drug delivery systems: from theory to practice 2012 John Wiley & Sons Inc. Hoboken, NJ, USA 479 500
69. H. Kobayashi, S. Kawamoto, T. Saga, N. Sato, A. Hiraga, J. Konishi, K. Togashi, and M.W. Brechbiel Micro-MR angiography of normal and intratumoral vessels in mice using dedicated intravascular MR contrast agents with high generation of polyamidoamine dendrimer core: reference to pharmacokinetic properties of dendrimer-based MR contrast agents J Magn Reson Imaging 14 2001 705 713
70. S.D. Swanson, J.F. Kukowska-Latallo, A.K. Patri, C. Chen, S. Ge, Z. Cao, A. Kotlyar, A.T. East, and J.R. Baker Jr. Targeted gadolinium-loaded dendrimer nanoparticles for tumor-specific magnetic resonance contrast enhancement Int J Nanomed 3 2008 201 210
71. H. Kobayashi, Y. Koyama, T. Barrett, Y. Hama, C.A.S. Regino, I.S. Shin, B.S. Jang, N. Le, C.H. Paik, P.L. Choyke, and Y. Urano Multimodal nanoprobes for radionuclide and five-color near-infrared optical lymphatic imaging ACS Nano 1 2007 258 264
72. H. Kobayashi, N. Sato, T. Saga, Y. Nakamoto, T. Ishimori, S. Toyama, K. Togashi, J. Konishi, and M.W. Brechbiel Monoclonal antibody-dendrimer conjugates enable radiolabeling of antibody with markedly high specific activity with minimal loss of immunoreactivity Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 27 2000 1334 1339
73. H. Kobayashi, C. Wu, M.K. Kim, C.H. Paik, J.A. Carrasquillo, and M.W. Brechbiel Evaluation of the in vivo biodistribution of indium-111 and yttrium-88 labeled dendrimer-1B4M-DTPA and its conjugation with anti-tac monoclonal antibody Bioconjugate Chem 10 1999 103 111
74. C. Ghobril, G. Lamanna, M. Kueny-Stotz, A. Garofalo, C. Billotey, and D. Felder-Flesch Dendrimers in nuclear medical imaging New J Chem 36 2012 310 323
75. J.W.M. Bulte, T. Douglas, B. Witwer, S.C. Zhang, E. Strable, B.K. Lewis, H. Zywicke, B. Miller, P. van Gelderen, B.M. Moskowitz, I.D. Duncan, and J.A. Frank Magnetodendrimers allow endosomal magnetic labeling and in vivo tracking of stem cells Nat Biotechnol 19 2001 1141 1147
76. E. Strable, J.W.M. Bulte, B. Moskowitz, K. Vivekanandan, M. Allen, and T. Douglas Synthesis and characterization of soluble iron oxide-dendrimer composites Chem Mater 13 2001 2201 2209
77. X. Shi, T.P. Thomas, L.A. Myc, A. Kotlyar, and J.R. Baker Jr. Synthesis, characterization, and intracellular uptake of carboxyl-terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimer-stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles Phys Chem Chem Phys 9 2007 5712 5720
78. X. Shi, S.H. Wang, S.D. Swanson, S. Ge, Z. Cao, M.E. Van Antwerp, K.J. Landmark, and J.R. Baker Jr. Dendrimer-functionalized shell-crosslinked iron oxide nanoparticles for in-vivo magnetic resonance imaging of tumors Adv Mater 20 2008 1671 1678
79. S.H. Wang, X. Shi, M. VanAntwerp, Z. Cao, S.D. Swanson, X. Bi, and J.R. Baker Jr. Dendrimer-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles for specific targeting and imaging of cancer cells Adv Funct Mater 17 2007 3043 3050
80. 4@Au nanocomposite particles for dual mode magnetic resonance and computed tomography imaging applications J Mater Chem 22 2012 15110 15120
81. H. Cai, M. Shen, and X. Shi Dendrimer-based medical nanodevices for magnetic resonance imaging applications Y. Cheng, Dendrimer-based drug delivery systems: from theory to practice 2012 John Wiley & Sons Inc. Hoboken, NJ, USA 463 478
82. Q. Chen, K. Li, S. Wen, H. Liu, C. Peng, H. Cai, M. Shen, G. Zhang, and X. Shi Targeted CT/MR dual mode imaging of tumors using multifunctional dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles Biomaterials 34 2013 5200 5209
83. S. Wen, K. Li, H. Cai, Q. Chen, M. Shen, Y. Huang, C. Peng, W. Hou, M. Zhu, G. Zhang, and X. Shi Multifunctional dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles for dual mode CT/MR imaging applications Biomaterials 34 2013 1570 1580
84. W.I. Lee, Y. Bae, and A.J. Bard Strong blue photoluminescence and ECL from OH-terminated PAMAM dendrimers in the absence of gold nanoparticles J Am Chem Soc 126 2004 8358 8359
85. D. Wang, and T. Imae Fluorescence emission from dendrimers and its pH dependence J Am Chem Soc 126 2004 13204 13205
86. X. Shi, T.R. Ganser, K. Sun, L.P. Balogh, and J.R. Baker Jr. Characterization of crystalline dendrimer-stabilized gold nanoparticles Nanotechnology 17 2006 1072
87. W. Lesniak, A.U. Bielinska, K. Sun, K.W. Janczak, X.Y. Shi, J.R. Baker Jr., and L.P. Balogh Silver/dendrimer nanocomposites as biomarkers: fabrication, characterization, in vitro toxicity, and intracellular detection Nano Lett 5 2005 2123 2130
88. K.T. Al-Jamal, P. Ruenraroengsak, N. Hartell, and A.T. Florence An intrinsically fluorescent dendrimer as a nanoprobe of cell transport J Drug Target 14 2006 405 412
89. Y.J. Tsai, C.C. Hu, C.C. Chu, and T. Imae Intrinsically fluorescent PAMAM dendrimer as gene carrier and nanoprobe for nucleic acids delivery: bioimaging and transfection study Biomacromolecules 12 2011 4283 4290
90. J.F. Kukowska-Latallo, K.A. Candido, Z. Cao, S.S. Nigavekar, I.J. Majoros, T.P. Thomas, L.P. Balogh, M.K. Khan, and J.R. Baker Jr. Nanoparticle targeting of anticancer drug improves therapeutic response in animal model of human epithelial cancer Cancer Res 65 2005 5317 5324
91. R. Guo, Y. Yao, G. Cheng, S.H. Wang, Y. Li, M. Shen, Y. Zhang, J.R. Baker Jr., J. Wang, and X. Shi Synthesis of glycoconjugated poly(amindoamine) dendrimers for targeting human liver cancer cells RSC Adv 2 2012 99 102
92. E. Hill, R. Shukla, S.S. Park, and J.R. Baker Jr. Synthetic PAMAM-RGD conjugates target and bind To odontoblast-like MDPC 23 cells and the predentin in tooth organ cultures Bioconjugate Chem 18 2007 1756 1762
93. W.G. Lesniak, M.S.T. Kariapper, B.M. Nair, W. Tan, A. Hutson, L.P. Balogh, and M.K. Khan Synthesis and characterization of PAMAM dendrimer-based multifunctional nanodevices for targeting alpha v beta3 integrins Bioconjugate Chem 18 2007 1148 1154
94. R. Jevprasesphant, J. Penny, D. Attwood, and A. D'Emanuele Transport of dendrimer nanocarriers through epithelial cells via the transcellular route J Controlled Release 97 2004 259 267
95. X. Shi, S. Wang, S. Meshinchi, M.E. Van Antwerp, X. Bi, I. Lee, and J.R. Baker Jr. Dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles as a platform for cancer-cell targeting and imaging Small 3 2007 1245 1252
96. X. Shi, S.H. Wang, I. Lee, M. Shen, and J.R. Baker Jr. Comparison of the internalization of targeted dendrimers and dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles into cancer cells Biopolymers 91 2009 936 942
97. X. Shi, S.H. Wang, M.E. Van Antwerp, X. Chen, and J.R. Baker Jr. Targeting and detecting cancer cells using spontaneously formed multifunctional dendrimer-stabilized gold nanoparticles Analyst 134 2009 1373 1379
98. X. Shi, S.H. Wang, M. Shen, M.E. Antwerp, X. Chen, C. Li, E.J. Petersen, Q. Huang, W.J. Weber Jr., and J.R. Baker Jr. Multifunctional dendrimer-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, characterization, and in Vitro cancer cell targeting and imaging Biomacromolecules 10 2009 1744 1750
99. S. Wen, H. Liu, H. Cai, M. Shen, and X. Shi Targeted and pH-responsive delivery of doxorubicin to cancer cells using multifunctional dendrimer-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes Adv Healthc Mater 2 2013 1267 1276
100. R.J. Amir, L. Albertazzi, J. Willis, A. Khan, T. Kang, and C.J. Hawker Multifunctional trackable dendritic scaffolds and delivery agents Angew Chem Int Ed 50 2011 3425 3429
101. S.K. Yang, X. Shi, S. Park, S. Doganay, T. Ha, and S.C. Zimmerman Monovalent, clickable, uncharged, water-soluble perylenediimide-cored dendrimers for target-specific fluorescent biolabeling J Am Chem Soc 133 2011 9964 9967
102. J. Aldana, Y.A. Wang, and X. Peng Photochemical instability of CdSe nanocrystals coated by hydrophilic thiols J Am Chem Soc 123 2001 8844 8850
103. L.M. Maestro, C. Jacinto, U. Rocha, la Cruz MCId, F. Sanz-Rodriguez, A. Juarranz, J.G. Sole, and D. Jaque Optimum quantum dot size for highly efficient fluorescence bioimaging J Appl Phys 111 2012 023513 23516
104. R.C. Triulzi, M. Micic, S. Giordani, M. Serry, W.A. Chiou, and R.M. Leblanc Immunoasssay based on the antibody-conjugated PAMAM-dendrimer-gold quantum dot complex Chem Commun 2006 5068 5070
105. B. Campos, M. Algarra, and J.G. Esteves da Silva Fluorescent properties of a hybrid cadmium sulfide-dendrimer nanocomposite and its quenching with nitromethane J Fluoresc 20 2010 143 151
106. K. Sooklal, L.H. Hanus, H.J. Ploehn, and C.J. Murphy A blue-emitting CdS/dendrimer nanocomposite Adv Mater 10 1998 1083 1087
107. Y. Zhao, S. Liu, Y. Li, W. Jiang, Y. Chang, S. Pan, X. Fang, Y.A. Wang, and J. Wang Synthesis and grafting of folate-PEG-PAMAM conjugates onto quantum dots for selective targeting of folate-receptor-positive tumor cells J Colloid Interface Sci 350 2010 44 50
108. Z. Li, P. Huang, J. Lin, R. He, B. Liu, X. Zhang, S. Yang, P. Xi, X. Zhang, Q. Ren, and D. Cui Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-conjugated dendrimer-modified quantum dots for targeting and imaging melanoma J Nanosci Nanotechnol 10 2010 4859 4867
109. Z. Li, P. Huang, R. He, J. Lin, S. Yang, X. Zhang, Q. Ren, and D. Cui Aptamer-conjugated dendrimer-modified quantum dots for cancer cell targeting and imaging Mater Lett 64 2010 375 378
110. W.A. Kalender X-ray computed tomography Phys Med Biol 51 2006 R29
111. R.F. Mattrey, and D.A. Aguirre Advances in contrast media research Acad Radiol 10 2003 1450 1460
112. W. Krause Delivery of diagnostic agents in computed tomography Adv Drug Delivery Rev 37 1999 159 173
113. F. Hallouard, N. Anton, P. Choquet, A. Constantinesco, and T. Vandamme Iodinated blood pool contrast media for preclinical X-ray imaging applications-a review Biomaterials 31 2010 6249 6268
114. Y. Fu, D.E. Nitecki, D. Maltby, G.H. Simon, K. Berejnoi, H.J. Raatschen, B.M. Yeh, D.M. Shames, and R.C. Brasch Dendritic iodinated contrast agents with PEG-Cores for CT imaging: synthesis and preliminary characterization Bioconjugate Chem 17 2006 1043 1056
115. C. Alric, J. Taleb, G. Le Duc, C. Mandon, C. Billotey, A. Le Meur-Herland, T. Brochard, F. Vocanson, M. Janier, P. Perriat, S. Roux, and O. Tillement Gadolinium chelate coated gold nanoparticles as contrast agents for both X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging J Am Chem Soc 130 2008 5908 5915
116. J.F. Hainfeld, D.N. Slatkin, T.M. Focella, and H.M. Smilowitz Gold nanoparticles: a new X-ray contrast agent Br J Radiol 79 2006 248 253
117. V. Kattumuri, K. Katti, S. Bhaskaran, E.J. Boote, S.W. Casteel, G.M. Fent, D.J. Robertson, M. Chandrasekhar, R. Kannan, and K.V. Katti Gum arabic as a phytochemical construct for the stabilization of gold nanoparticles: in vivo pharmacokinetics and X-ray-contrast-imaging studies Small 3 2007 333 341
118. D. Kim, S. Park, J.H. Lee, Y.Y. Jeong, and S. Jon Antibiofouling polymer-coated gold nanoparticles as a contrast agent for in vivo x-ray computed tomography imaging J Am Chem Soc 129 2007 7661 7665
119. C.J. Xu, G.A. Tung, and S.H. Sun Size and concentration effect of gold nanoparticles on X-ray attenuation as measured on computed tomography Chem Mater 20 2008 4167 4169
120. X. Shi, I. Lee, and J.R. Baker Jr. Acetylation of dendrimer-entrapped gold and silver nanoparticles J Mater Chem 18 2008 586 593
121. R. Guo, H. Wang, C. Peng, M. Shen, M. Pan, X. Cao, G. Zhang, and X. Shi X-ray attenuation property of dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles J Phys Chem C 114 2010 50 56
122. S.P. Hong, A.U. Bielinska, A. Mecke, B. Keszler, J.L. Beals, X.Y. Shi, L. Balogh, B.G. Orr, J.R. Baker Jr., and M.M.B. Holl Interaction of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers with supported lipid bilayers and cells: Hole formation and the relation to transport Bioconjugate Chem 15 2004 774 782
123. C. Peng, H. Wang, R. Guo, M. Shen, X. Cao, M. Zhu, G. Zhang, and X. Shi Acetylation of dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles: synthesis, stability, and X-ray attenuation properties J Appl Polym Sci 119 2011 1673 1682
124. H. Yang, C. Zhang, X. Shi, H. Hu, X. Du, Y. Fang, Y. Ma, H. Wu, and S. Yang Water-soluble superparamagnetic manganese ferrite nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging Biomaterials 31 2010 3667 3673
125. H. Wang, L. Zheng, C. Peng, R. Guo, M. Shen, X. Shi, and G. Zhang Computed tomography imaging of cancer cells using acetylated dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles Biomaterials 32 2011 2979 2988
126. H. Wang, L. Zheng, C. Peng, M. Shen, X. Shi, and G. Zhang Folic acid-modified dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles as nanoprobes for targeted CT imaging of human lung adencarcinoma Biomaterials 34 2013 470 480
127. T. Xiao, S. Wen, H. Wang, H. Liu, M. Shen, J. Zhao, G. Zhang, and X. Shi Facile synthesis of acetylated dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles with enhanced gold loading for CT imaging applications J Mater Chem B 1 2013 2773 2780
128. C. Peng, J. Qin, B. Zhou, Q. Chen, M. Shen, M. Zhu, X. Lu, and X. Shi Targeted tumor CT imaging using folic acid-modified PEGylated dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles Polym Chem 4 2013 4412 4424
129. M. Shen, K. Sun, and X. Shi Hydroxylated dendrimer-stabilized gold and silver nanoparticles: spontaneous formation, characterization, and surface properties Curr Nanosci 6 2010 307 314
130. X. Shi, K. Sun, and J.R. Baker Jr. Spontaneous formation of functionalized dendrimer-stabilized gold nanoparticles J Phys Chem C 112 2008 8251 8258
131. C. Kojima, Y. Umeda, M. Ogawa, A. Harada, Y. Magata, and K. Kono X-ray computed tomography contrast agents prepared by seeded growth of gold nanoparticles in PEGylated dendrimer Nanotechnology 21 2010 245104
132. H. Liu, Y. Xu, S. Wen, J. Zhu, L. Zheng, M. Shen, J. Zhao, G. Zhang, and X. Shi Facile hydrothermal synthesis of low generation dendrimer-stabilized gold nanoparticles for in vivo computed tomography imaging applications Polym Chem 4 2013 1788 1795
133. H. Liu, Y. Xu, S. Wen, Q. Chen, L. Zheng, M. Shen, J. Zhao, G. Zhang, and X. Shi Targeted tumor computed tomography imaging using low-generation dendrimer-stabilized gold nanoparticles Chem Eur J 19 2013 6409 6416
134. H. Liu, K. Sun, J. Zhao, R. Guo, M. Shen, X. Cao, G. Zhang, and X. Shi Dendrimer-mediated synthesis and shape evolution of gold-silver alloy nanoparticles Colloids Surf, A: Physicochem Eng Aspects 405 2012 22 29
135. H. Liu, M. Shen, J. Zhao, R. Guo, X. Cao, G. Zhang, and X. Shi Tunable synthesis and acetylation of dendrimer-entrapped or dendrimer-stabilized gold-silver alloy nanoparticles Colloids Surf, B: Biointerfaces 94 2012 58 67
136. H. Liu, M. Shen, J. Zhao, J. Zhu, T. Xiao, X. Cao, G. Zhang, and X. Shi Facile formation of folic acid-modified dendrimer-stabilized gold-silver alloy nanoparticles for potential cellular computed tomography imaging applications Analyst 138 2013 1979 1987
137. Y. Fang, C. Peng, R. Guo, L. Zheng, J. Qin, B. Zhou, M. Shen, X. Lu, G. Zhang, and X. Shi Dendrimer-stabilized bismuth sulfide nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and potential computed tomography imaging applications Analyst 138 2013 3172 3180
138. H. Liu, H. Wang, R. Guo, X. Cao, J. Zhao, Y. Luo, M. Shen, G. Zhang, and X. Shi Size-controlled synthesis of dendrimer-stabilized silver nanoparticles for X-ray computed tomography imaging applications Polym Chem 1 2010 1677 1683
139. R. Guo, H. Wang, C. Peng, M. Shen, L. Zheng, G. Zhang, and X. Shi Enhanced X-ray attenuation property of dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles complexed with diatrizoic acid J Mater Chem 21 2011 5120 5127
140. P. Caravan Targeted molecular imaging with MRI J.L. Sessler, S.R. Doctrow, T.J. McMurry, S.J. Lippard, Medicinal inorganic chemistry ACS symp vol. 903 2005 American Chemical Society Washington, DC 166 191
141. K.N. Raymond, and V.C. Pierre Next generation, high relaxivity gadolinium MRI Agents Bioconjugate Chem 16 2004 3 8
142. 2/ZnS nanoprobe for dual-modality magnetic resonance/optical imaging ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5 2013 4389 4400
143. L.D. Margerum, B.K. Campion, M. Koo, N. Shargill, J.J. Lai, A. Marumoto, and P. Christian Sontum Gadolinium(III) DO3A macrocycles and polyethylene glycol coupled to dendrimers effect of molecular weight on physical and biological properties of macromolecular magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents J Alloys Compd 249 1997 185 190
144. Z. Pálinkás, Z. Baranyai, E. Brücher, and B. Rózsa Kinetics of the exchange reactions between Gd(DTPA)2- Gd(BOPTA)2-, and Gd(DTPA-BMA) complexes, used as MRI contrast agents, and the triethylenetetraamine-hexaacetate ligand Inorg Chem 50 2011 3471 3478
145. R.B. Lauffer Paramagnetic metal complexes as water proton relaxation agents for NMR imaging: theory and design Chem Rev 87 1987 901 927
146. E. Wiener, M.W. Brechbiel, H. Brothers, R.L. Magin, O.A. Gansow, D.A. Tomalia, and P.C. Lauterbur Dendrimer-based metal chelates: a new class of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents Magn Reson Med 31 1994 1 8
147. S. Langereis, Q.G. de Lussanet, M.H.P. van Genderen, W.H. Backes, and E.W. Meijer Multivalent contrast agents based on gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-terminated poly(propylene imine) dendrimers for magnetic resonance imaging Macromolecules 37 2004 3084 3091
148. K. Nwe, H. Xu, C.A.S. Regino, M. Bernardo, L. Ileva, L. Riffle, K.J. Wong, and M.W. Brechbiel A new approach in the preparation of dendrimer-based bifunctional diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid MR contrast agent derivatives Bioconjugate Chem 20 2009 1412 1418
149. K. Nwe, L.H. Bryant, and M.W. Brechbiel Poly(amidoamine) dendrimer based MRI contrast agents exhibiting enhanced relaxivities derived via metal preligation techniques Bioconjugate Chem 21 2010 1014 1017
150. S. Konda, M. Aref, S. Wang, M. Brechbiel, and E.C. Wiener Specific targeting of folate-dendrimer MRI contrast agents to the high affinity folate receptor expressed in ovarian tumor xenografts Magn Reson Mater Phys Biol Med 12 2001 104 113
151. S. Konda, M. Aref, M. Brechbiel, and E.C. Wiener Development of a tumor-targeting MR contrast agent using the high-affinity folate receptor: work in progress Invest Radiol 35 2000 50
152. S.D. Konda, S. Wang, M. Brechbiel, and E.C. Wiener Biodistribution of a 153Gd-folate dendrimer, generation = 4, in mice with folate-receptor positive and negative ovarian tumor xenografts Invest Radiol 37 2002 199 204
153. E.C. Wiener, S. Konda, A. Shadron, M. Brechbiel, and O. Gansow Targeting dendrimer-chelates to tumors and tumor cells expressing the high-affinity folate receptor Invest Radiol 32 1997 748 754
154. W.T. Chen, D. Thirumalai, T.F. Shih, R.C. Chen, S.Y. Tu, C.I. Lin, and P.C. Yang Dynamic contrast-enhanced folate-receptor-targeted MR imaging using a Gd-loaded PEG-dendrimer-folate conjugate in a mouse xenograft tumor model Mol Imaging Biol 12 2010 145 154
155. Z. Cheng, D.L.J. Thorek, and A. Tsourkas Gadolinium-conjugated dendrimer nanoclusters as a tumor-targeted T1 magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent Angew Chem Int Ed 49 2010 346 350
156. M. Ye, Y. Qian, J. Tang, H. Hu, M. Sui, and Y. Shen Targeted biodegradable dendritic MRI contrast agent for enhanced tumor imaging J Controlled Release 169 2013 239 245
157. M. Tan, Z. Ye, E.K. Jeong, X. Wu, D.L. Parker, and Z.R. Lu Synthesis and evaluation of nanoglobular macrocyclic Mn(II) chelate conjugates as non-gadolinium(III) MRI contrast agents Bioconjugate Chem 22 2011 931 937
158. M.M. Ali, M. Woods, P. Caravan, A.C.L. Opina, M. Spiller, J.C. Fettinger, and A.D. Sherry Synthesis and relaxometric studies of a dendrimer-based pH-responsive MRI contrast agent Chem Eur J 14 2008 7250 7258
159. I.H. Lee, J.W.M. Bulte, P. Schweinhardt, T. Douglas, A. Trifunovski, C. Hofstetter, L. Olson, and C. Spenger In vivo magnetic resonance tracking of olfactory ensheathing glia grafted into the rat spinal cord Exp Neurol 187 2004 509 516
160. P. Tunici, J.W.M. Bulte, M.G. Bruzzone, P.L. Poliani, L. Cajola, M. Grisoli, T. Douglas, and G. Finocchiaro Brain engraftment and therapeutic potential of stem/progenitor cells derived from mouse skin J Gene Med 8 2006 506 513
161. J.W.M. Bulte, T. Douglas, B. Witwer, S.C. Zhang, B.K. Lewis, P. van Gelderen, H. Zywicke, I.D. Duncan, and J.A. Frank Monitoring stem cell therapy in vivo using magnetodendrimers as a new class of cellular MR contrast agents Acad Radiol 9 2002 S332 S335
162. K.J. Landmark, S. DiMaggio, J. Ward, C. Kelly, S. Vogt, S. Hong, A. Kotlyar, A. Myc, T.P. Thomas, J.E. Penner-Hahn, J.R. Baker Jr., M.M.B. Holl, and B.G. Orr Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro testing of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles targeted using folic acid-conjugated dendrimers ACS Nano 2 2008 773 783
163. L.E. Jennings, and N.J. Long 'Two is better than one'-probes for dual-modality molecular imaging Chem Commun 2009 3511 3524
164. V.S. Talanov, C.A.S. Regino, H. Kobayashi, M. Bernardo, P.L. Choyke, and M.W. Brechbiel Dendrimer-based nanoprobe for dual modality magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging Nano Lett 6 2006 1459 1463
165. H. Xu, C.A.S. Regino, Y. Koyama, Y. Hama, A.J. Gunn, M. Bernardo, H. Kobayashi, P.L. Choyke, and M.W. Brechbiel Preparation and preliminary evaluation of a biotin-targeted, lectin-targeted dendrimer-based probe for dual-modality magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging Bioconjugate Chem 18 2007 1474 1482
166. Q.T. Nguyen, E.S. Olson, T.A. Aguilera, T. Jiang, M. Scadeng, L.G. Ellies, and R.Y. Tsien Surgery with molecular fluorescence imaging using activatable cell-penetrating peptides decreases residual cancer and improves survival Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107 2010 4317 4322
167. K. Li, S. Wen, A.C. Larson, M. Shen, Z. Zhang, Q. Chen, X. Shi, and G. Zhang Multifunctional dendrimer-based nanoparticles for in vivo MR/CT dual-modal molecular imaging of breast cancer Int J Nanomed 8 2013 2589 2600
168. S. Mather Molecular imaging with bioconjugates in mouse models of cancer Bioconjugate Chem 20 2008 631 643
169. K. Matsumura, M. Ono, H. Kimura, M. Ueda, Y. Nakamoto, K. Togashi, Y. Okamoto, M. Ihara, R. Takahashi, and H. Saji 18F-labeled phenyldiazenyl benzothiazole for in vivo imaging of neurofibrillary tangles in alzheimer's disease brains ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 3 2011 58 62
170. X. Shao, H. Zhang, J.R. Rajian, D.L. Chamberland, P.S. Sherman, C.A. Quesada, A.E. Koch, N.A. Kotov, and X. Wang 125I-labeled gold nanorods for targeted imaging of inflammation ACS Nano 5 2011 8967 8973
171. X. Shao, G.M. Carpenter, T.J. Desmond, P. Sherman, C.A. Quesada, M. Fawaz, A.F. Brooks, M.R. Kilbourn, R.L. Albin, K.A. Frey, and P.J.H. Scott Evaluation of [11C]N-methyl lansoprazole as a radiopharmaceutical for PET imaging of tau neurofibrillary tangles ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 3 2012 936 941
172. L.W. Dobrucki, and A.J. Sinusas Molecular imaging. A new approach to nuclear cardiology Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 49 2005 106 115
173. A. Almutairi, R. Rossin, M. Shokeen, A. Hagooly, A. Ananth, B. Capoccia, S. Guillaudeu, D. Abendschein, C.J. Anderson, M.J. Welch, and J.M.J. Fréchet Biodegradable dendritic positron-emitting nanoprobes for the noninvasive imaging of angiogenesis Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106 2009 685 690
174. T. Clifford, C.A. Boswell, G.B. Biddlecombe, J.S. Lewis, and M.W. Brechbiel Validation of a novel CHX-A "derivative suitable for peptide conjugation: small animal PET/CT imaging using yttrium-86-CHX-A"-octreotide J Med Chem 49 2006 4297 4304
175. C. Wängler, S. Maschauer, O. Prante, M. Schäfer, R. Schirrmacher, P. Bartenstein, M. Eisenhut, and B. Wängler Multimerization of cRGD peptides by click chemistry: synthetic strategies, chemical limitations, and influence on biological properties ChemBioChem 11 2010 2168 2181
176. L. Lang, W. Li, H.M. Jia, D.C. Fang, S. Zhang, X. Sun, L. Zhu, Y. Ma, B. Shen, D.O. Kiesewetter, G. Niu, and X. Chen New methods for labeling RGD peptides with bromine-76 Theronostics 1 2011 341 353
177. B.J. Beattie, R.D. Finn, D.J. Rowland, and K.S. Pentlow Quantitative imaging of bromine-76 and yttrium-86 with PET: a method for the removal of spurious activity introduced by cascade gamma rays Med Phys 30 2003 2410 2423
178. Y. Zhang, Y. Sun, X. Xu, X. Zhang, H. Zhu, L. Huang, Y. Qi, and Y.M. Shen Synthesis, biodistribution, and microsingle photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging study of technetium-99m labeled PEGylated dendrimer poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM)-folic acid conjugates J Med Chem 53 2010 3262 3272
179. Y. Zhang, Y. Sun, X. Xu, H. Zhu, L. Huang, X. Zhang, Y. Qi, and Y.M. Shen Radiosynthesis and micro-SPECT imaging of 99mTc-dendrimer poly(amido)-amine folic acid conjugate Bioorg Med Chem Lett 20 2010 927 931
180. T.J. Wadas, E.H. Wong, G.R. Weisman, and C.J. Anderson Coordinating radiometals of copper, gallium, indium, yttrium, and zirconium for PET and SPECT imaging of disease Chem Rev 110 2010 2858 2902
181. G. Antoch, H. Kuehl, J. Kanja, T.C. Lauenstein, H. Schneemann, E. Hauth, W. Jentzen, T. Beyer, S.C. Goehde, and J.F. Debatin Dual-modality PET/CT scanning with negative oral contrast agent to avoid artifacts: introduction and evaluation Radiology 230 2004 879 885
182. G. Antoch, L.S. Freudenberg, T. Beyer, A. Bockisch, and J.F. Debatin To enhance or not to enhance 18F-FDG and CT contrast agents in dual-modality 18F-FDG PET/CT J Nucl Med 45 2004 56S 65S
183. K. Tanaka, E.R.O. Siwu, K. Minami, K. Hasegawa, S. Nozaki, Y. Kanayama, K. Koyama, W.C. Chen, J.C. Paulson, Y. Watanabe, and K. Fukase Noninvasive imaging of dendrimer-type N-glycan clusters: in vivo dynamics dependence on oligosaccharide structure Angew Chem Int Ed 49 2010 8195 8200
184. K. Tanaka, C. Kageyama, and K. Fukase Acceleration of Cu(I)-mediated Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition by histidine derivatives Tetrahedron Lett 48 2007 6475 6479
185. K. Tanaka, T. Masuyama, K. Hasegawa, T. Tahara, H. Mizuma, Y. Wada, Y. Watanabe, and K. Fukase A submicrogram-scale protocol for biomolecule-based PET imaging by rapid 6π-azaelectrocyclization: visualization of sialic acid dependent circulatory residence of glycoproteins Angew Chem Int Ed 47 2008 102 105
186. D.D. Manning, X. Hu, P. Beck, and L.L. Kiessling Synthesis of sulfated neoglycopolymers: selective p-selectin inhibitors J Am Chem Soc 119 1997 3161 3162
187. M.A. Leeuwenburgh, G.A. van der Marel, and H.S. Overkleeft Olefin metathesis in glycobiology: new routes towards diverse neoglycoconjugates Curr Opin Chem Biol 7 2003 757 765
188. B. Misselwitz, H. Schmitt-Willich, W. Ebert, T. Frenzel, and H.J. Weinmann Pharmacokinetics of Gadomer-17, a new dendritic magnetic resonance contrast agent Magn Reson Mater Phys Biol Med 12 2001 128 134
189. J.M. Bryson, J.W. Reineke, and T.M. Reineke Macromolecular imaging agents containing lanthanides: can conceptual promise lead to clinical potential? Macromolecules 45 2012 8939 8952
190. V. Ntziachristos Fluorescence molecular imaging Annu Rev Biomed Eng 8 2006 1 33
191. T.M. Blodgett, C.C. Meltzer, and D.W. Townsend PET/CT: form and function Radiology 242 2007 360 385
192. I.J. Majoros, T.P. Thomas, C.B. Mehta, and J.R. Baker Jr. PAMAM dendrimer-based multifunctional engineered nanodevice for cancer therapy J Med Chem 48 2005 5892 5899
193. X. Shi, I. Lee, X. Chen, M. Shen, S. Xiao, M. Zhu, J.R. Baker Jr., and S.H. Wang Influence of dendrimer surface charge on the bioactivity of 2-methoxyestradiol complexed with dendrimers Soft Matter 6 2010 2539 2545
194. Y. Wang, X. Cao, R. Guo, M. Shen, M. Zhang, M. Zhu, and X. Shi Targeted delivery of doxorubicin into cancer cells using a folic acid-dendrimer conjugate Polym Chem 2 2011 1754 1760
195. Y. Wang, R. Guo, X. Cao, M. Shen, and X. Shi Encapsulation of 2-methoxyestradiol within multifunctional poly(amidoamine) dendrimers for targeted cancer therapy Biomaterials 32 2011 3322 3329
196. M. Zhang, R. Guo, Y. Wang, X. Cao, M. Shen, and X. Shi Multifunctional dendrimer/combretastatin A4 inclusion complexes enable in vitro targeted cancer therapy Int J Nanomed 6 2011 2337 2349
197. Y. Chang, X. Meng, Y. Zhao, K. Li, B. Zhao, M. Zhu, Y. Li, X. Chen, and J. Wang Novel water-soluble and pH-responsive anticancer drug nanocarriers: Doxorubicin-PAMAM dendrimer conjugates attached to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) J Colloid Interface Sci 363 2011 403 409
198. O. Taratula, C. Schumann, M.A. Naleway, A.J. Pang, K.J. Chon, and O. Taratula A multifunctional theranostic platform based on phthalocyanine-loaded dendrimer for image-guided drug delivery and photodynamic therapy Mol Pharm 10 2013 3946 3958