메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue MAY, 2015, Pages

Microglia are crucial regulators of neuro-immunity during central nervous system tuberculosis

Author keywords

Central nervous system; Chemokines; Cytokines; Microglia; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Neuroprotection; Neurotoxicity; Tuberculosis meningitis

Indexed keywords

CD14 ANTIGEN; GAMMA INTERFERON INDUCIBLE PROTEIN 10; GELATINASE B; INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 12; INTERLEUKIN 1ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 6; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 1; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3; MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN 1; PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTOR; RANTES; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 9; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; VASCULAR CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 1;

EID: 84929593929     PISSN: 16625102     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00182     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (35)

References (174)
  • 1
    • 0347364630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migrationand differentiation of neural precursor cells can be directed by microglia
    • Aarum, J., Sandberg, K., Haeberlein, S. L. B., and Persson, M. A. (2003). Migration and differentiation of neural precursor cells can be directed by microglia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 100, 15983-15988, doi: 10.1073/pnas.2237050100
    • (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A , vol.100 , pp. 15983-15988
    • Aarum, J.1    Sandberg, K.2    Haeberlein, S.3    Persson, M.A.4
  • 2
    • 0037105425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 4 expression is required to control chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice
    • Abel, B., Thieblemont, N., Quesniaux, V. J., Brown, N., Mpagi, J., Miyake, K., et al. (2002). Toll-like receptor 4 expression is required to control chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. J. Immunol. 169, 3155-3162, doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.6.3155
    • (2002) J. Immunol , vol.169 , pp. 3155-3162
    • Abel, B.1    Thieblemont, N.2    Quesniaux, V.J.3    Brown, N.4    Mpagi, J.5    Miyake, K.6
  • 3
    • 0028153019 scopus 로고
    • Paradoxical enlargement or developmentof intracranial tuberculomas during therapy: Case report and review
    • Afghani, B., and Lieberman, J. M. (1994). Paradoxical enlargement or development of intracranial tuberculomas during therapy: case report and review. Clin. Infect. Dis. 19, 1092-1099, doi: 10.1093/clinids/19.6.1092
    • (1994) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.19 , pp. 1092-1099
    • Afghani, B.1    Lieberman, J.M.2
  • 4
    • 36448994709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localself-renewal can sustain CNS microglia maintenance and function throughoutadult life
    • Ajami, B., Bennett, J. L., Krieger, C., Tetzlaff, W., and Rossi, F. M. (2007). Local self-renewal can sustain CNS microglia maintenance and function throughout adult life. Nat. Neurosci. 10, 1538-1543, doi: 10.1038/nn2014
    • (2007) Nat. Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 1538-1543
    • Ajami, B.1    Bennett, J.L.2    Krieger, C.3    Tetzlaff, W.4    Rossi, F.M.5
  • 5
    • 0032737272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia derive from progenitors,originating from the yolk sac and which proliferate in the brain
    • Alliot, F., Godin, I., and Pessac, B. (1999). Microglia derive from progenitors, originating from the yolk sac and which proliferate in the brain. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 117, 145-152, doi: 10.1016/s0165-3806(99)00113-3
    • (1999) Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res , vol.117 , pp. 145-152
    • Alliot, F.1    Godin, I.2    Pessac, B.3
  • 6
    • 0026505309 scopus 로고
    • The acute inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide in CNS parenchyma differs from that in otherbody tissues
    • Andersson, P. B., Perry, V. H., and Gordon, S. (1992). The acute inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide in CNS parenchyma differs from that in other body tissues. Neuroscience 48, 169-186, doi: 10.1016/0306-4522(92)90347-5
    • (1992) Neuroscience , vol.48 , pp. 169-186
    • Andersson, P.B.1    Perry, V.H.2    Gordon, S.3
  • 7
    • 0031747956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. Tuberculosis molecular variation in CNS infection evidence forstrain-dependent neurovirulence
    • Arvanitakis, Z., Long, R., Hershfield, E., Manfreda, J., Kabani, A., Kunimoto, D., et al. (1998). M. tuberculosis molecular variation in CNS infection evidence for strain-dependent neurovirulence. Neurology 50, 1827-1832, doi: 10.1212/wnl.50.6.1827
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 1827-1832
    • Arvanitakis, Z.1    Long, R.2    Hershfield, E.3    Manfreda, J.4    Kabani, A.5    Kunimoto, D.6
  • 8
    • 0041319041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemokineexpression by glial cells directs leukocytes to sites of axonal injury in the CNS
    • Babcock, A. A., Kuziel, W. A., Rivest, S., and Owens, T. (2003). Chemokine expression by glial cells directs leukocytes to sites of axonal injury in the CNS. J. Neurosci. 23, 7922-7930.
    • (2003) J. Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 7922-7930
    • Babcock, A.A.1    Kuziel, W.A.2    Rivest, S.3    Owens, T.4
  • 9
    • 0034048666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon-γ inducesapoptosis and augments the expression of fas and fas ligand by microglia invitro
    • Badie, B., Schartner, J., Vorpahl, J., and Preston, K. (2000). Interferon-γ induces apoptosis and augments the expression of fas and fas ligand by microglia in vitro. Exp. Neurol. 162, 290-296, doi: 10.1006/exnr.1999.7345
    • (2000) Exp. Neurol , vol.162 , pp. 290-296
    • Badie, B.1    Schartner, J.2    Vorpahl, J.3    Preston, K.4
  • 10
    • 29144434113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TLR9 regulates Th1 responses and cooperates with TLR2 in mediating optimal resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    • Bafica, A., Scanga, C. A., Feng, C. G., Leifer, C., Cheever, A., and Sher, A. (2005). TLR9 regulates Th1 responses and cooperates with TLR2 in mediating optimal resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Exp. Med. 202, 1715-1724, doi: 10.1084/jem.20051782
    • (2005) J. Exp. Med , vol.202 , pp. 1715-1724
    • Bafica, A.1    Scanga, C.A.2    Feng, C.G.3    Leifer, C.4    Cheever, A.5    Sher, A.6
  • 11
    • 84925533919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentialexpressionofdoublecortinandmicroglialmarkersinthe ratbrainfollowingfractionatedirradiation
    • Balentova, S., Hajtmanova, E., Adamkov, M., and Lehotsky, J. (2015). Differential expression of doublecortin and microglial markers in the rat brain following fractionated irradiation. Neurochem. Res. 40, 501-513, doi: 10.1007/s11064-014-1495-8
    • (2015) Neurochem.Res , vol.40 , pp. 501-513
    • Balentova, S.1    Hajtmanova, E.2    Adamkov, M.3    Lehotsky, J.4
  • 12
    • 0029890122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of TNF-alpha and IL-6 on the permeability of the rat blood-retinal barrier in vivo
    • Bamforth, S. D., Lightman, S., and Greenwood, J. (1996). The effect of TNF- alpha and IL-6 on the permeability of the rat blood-retinal barrier in vivo. Acta Neuropathol. 91, 624-632, doi: 10.1007/s004010050476
    • (1996) Acta Neuropathol , vol.91 , pp. 624-632
    • Bamforth, S.D.1    Lightman, S.2    Greenwood, J.3
  • 13
    • 0030976856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor-α: A mediator of focal ischemic brain injury
    • Barone, F., Arvin, B., White, R., Miller, A., Webb, C., Willette, R., et al. (1997). Tumor necrosis factor-α: A mediator of focal ischemic brain injury. Stroke 28, 1233-1244, doi: 10.1161/01.str.28.6.1233
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , pp. 1233-1244
    • Barone, F.1    Arvin, B.2    White, R.3    Miller, A.4    Webb, C.5    Willette, R.6
  • 14
    • 33750478657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wild-type microglia extend survival in PU. 1 knockout mice with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Beers, D. R., Henkel, J. S., Xiao, Q., Zhao, W., Wang, J., Yen, A. A., et al. (2006). Wild-type microglia extend survival in PU. 1 knockout mice with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 103, 16021-16026, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0607423103
    • (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A , vol.103 , pp. 16021-16026
    • Beers, D.R.1    Henkel, J.S.2    Xiao, Q.3    Zhao, W.4    Wang, J.5    Yen, A.A.6
  • 15
    • 0026558303 scopus 로고
    • Tuberculousmeningitisinpatientsinfectedwiththe human immunodeficiency virus
    • Berenguer, J., Moreno, S., Laguna, F., Vicente, T., Adrados, M., Ortega, A., et al. (1992). Tuberculous meningitis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. N. Engl. J. Med. 326, 668-672, doi: 10.1056/NEJM199203053261004
    • (1992) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.326 , pp. 668-672
    • Berenguer, J.1    Moreno, S.2    Laguna, F.3    Vicente, T.4    Adrados, M.5    Ortega, A.6
  • 16
    • 0043136301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tuberculosis of the central nervous system: Overview of neuroradiological findings
    • Bernaerts, A., Vanhoenacker, F., Parizel, P., Van Goethem, J., Van Altena, R., Laridon, A., et al. (2003). Tuberculosis of the central nervous system: overview of neuroradiological findings. Eur. Radiol. 13, 1876-1890, doi: 10.1007/s00330-002-1608-7
    • (2003) Eur. Radiol , vol.13 , pp. 1876-1890
    • Bernaerts, A.1    Vanhoenacker, F.2    Parizel, P.3    Van Goethem, J.4    Van Altena, R.5    Laridon, A.6
  • 17
    • 0032193696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-10 is critical in the regulation of autoimmune encephalomyelitis as demonstrated by studies of IL-10-and IL-4-deficient and transgenic mice
    • Bettelli, E., Das, M. P., Howard, E. D., Weiner, H. L., Sobel, R. A., and Kuchroo, V. K. (1998). IL-10 is critical in the regulation of autoimmune encephalomyelitis as demonstrated by studies of IL-10-and IL-4-deficient and transgenic mice. J. Immunol. 161, 3299-3306.
    • (1998) J. Immunol , vol.161 , pp. 3299-3306
    • Bettelli, E.1    Das, M.P.2    Howard, E.D.3    Weiner, H.L.4    Sobel, R.A.5    Kuchroo, V.K.6
  • 18
    • 0025781253 scopus 로고
    • Production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by monocytes and large granular lymphocytes stimulated with Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare: Activation of bactericidal activity by GM-CSF
    • Blanchard, D., Michelini-Norris, M. B., Pearson, C. A., McMillen, S., and Djeu, J. (1991). Production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by monocytes and large granular lymphocytes stimulated with Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare: Activation of bactericidal activity by GM-CSF. Infect. Immun. 59, 2396-2402.
    • (1991) Infect. Immun , vol.59 , pp. 2396-2402
    • Blanchard, D.1    Michelini-Norris, M.B.2    Pearson, C.A.3    McMillen, S.4    Djeu, J.5
  • 19
    • 0034617343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective activity of chemokines against N-methyl-d-aspartate or β-amyloid-induced toxicity in culture
    • Bruno, V., Copani, A., Besong, G., Scoto, G., and Nicoletti, F. (2000). Neuroprotective activity of chemokines against N-methyl-d-aspartate or β-amyloid-induced toxicity in culture. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 399, 117-121, doi: 10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00367-8
    • (2000) Eur. J. Pharmacol , vol.399 , pp. 117-121
    • Bruno, V.1    Copani, A.2    Besong, G.3    Scoto, G.4    Nicoletti, F.5
  • 20
    • 0028910587 scopus 로고
    • Endogenous IL-6 and IL-10 contribute to the differentiation of CD40-activated human B lymphocytes
    • Burdin, N., Van Kooten, C., Galibert, L., Abrams, J. S., Wijdenes, J., Banchereau, J., et al. (1995). Endogenous IL-6 and IL-10 contribute to the differentiation of CD40-activated human B lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 154, 2533-2544.
    • (1995) J. Immunol , vol.154 , pp. 2533-2544
    • Burdin, N.1    Van Kooten, C.2    Galibert, L.3    Abrams, J.S.4    Wijdenes, J.5    Banchereau, J.6
  • 21
    • 84860678495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • InteractionbetweenMycobacteriumtuberculosis,Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis with the entericgliaandmicroglialcells
    • Cannas, S., Molicotti, P., Bua, A., Usai, D., Sechi, L. A., Scanu, A. M., et al. (2011). Interaction between Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis with the enteric glia and microglial cells. Gut Pathog. 3:19, doi: 10.1186/1757-4749-3-19
    • (2011) Gutpathog , vol.3 , pp. 19
    • Cannas, S.1    Molicotti, P.2    Bua, A.3    Usai, D.4    Sechi, L.A.5    Scanu, A.M.6
  • 22
    • 18144381109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infiltrativemicrogliosis:Activationandlong-distance migrationofsubependymalmicrogliafollowingperiventricularinsults
    • Carbonell, W. S., Murase, S.-I., Horwitz, A. F., and Mandell, J. W. (2005). Infiltrative microgliosis: activation and long-distance migration of subependymal microglia following periventricular insults. J. Neuroinflammation 2:5, doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-2-5
    • (2005) J. Neuroinflammation , vol.2 , pp. 5
    • Carbonell, W.S.1    Murase, S.-I.2    Horwitz, A.F.3    Mandell, J.W.4
  • 23
    • 0032925357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia stimulate naiveT-cell differentiation without stimulating T-cell proliferation
    • Carson, M. J., Sutcliffe, J. G., and Campbell, I. L. (1999). Microglia stimulate naive T-cell differentiation without stimulating T-cell proliferation. J. Neurosci. Res. 55, 127-134, doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4547(19990101)55:1<127::aid-jnr14>3.3.co;2-u
    • (1999) J. Neurosci. Res , vol.55 , pp. 127-134
    • Carson, M.J.1    Sutcliffe, J.G.2    Campbell, I.L.3
  • 24
    • 0029620390 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-1 andtumor necrosis factor-α synergistically mediate neurotoxicity: Involvement of nitric oxide and of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors
    • Chao, C. C., Hu, S., Ehrlich, L., and Peterson, P. K. (1995). Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α synergistically mediate neurotoxicity: involvement of nitric oxide and of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Brain Behav. Immun. 9, 355-365, doi: 10.1006/brbi.1995.1033
    • (1995) Brain Behav. Immun , vol.9 , pp. 355-365
    • Chao, C.C.1    Hu, S.2    Ehrlich, L.3    Peterson, P.K.4
  • 26
    • 0036449455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinicalspectrum of paradoxical deterioration during antituberculosis therapy in non-HIV-infected patients
    • Cheng, V., Ho, P., Lee, R., Chan, K., Woo, P., Lau, S., et al. (2002). Clinical spectrum of paradoxical deterioration during antituberculosis therapy in non-HIV-infected patients. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 21, 803-809, doi: 10.1007/s10096-002-0821-2
    • (2002) Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis , vol.21 , pp. 803-809
    • Cheng, V.1    Ho, P.2    Lee, R.3    Chan, K.4    Woo, P.5    Lau, S.6
  • 27
    • 79953757886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system tuberculosis
    • Cherian, A., and Thomas, S. V. (2011). Central nervous system tuberculosis. Afr. Health Sci. 11, 116-127.
    • (2011) Afr.Health Sci , vol.11 , pp. 116-127
    • Cherian, A.1    Thomas, S.V.2
  • 28
    • 0028240176 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural studies ofthe blood-retina barrier after exposure to interleukin-1 beta or tumor necrosis factor-alpha
    • Claudio, L., Martiney, J. A., and Brosnan, C. F. (1994). Ultrastructural studies of the blood-retina barrier after exposure to interleukin-1 beta or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Lab. Invest. 70, 850-861.
    • (1994) Lab. Invest , vol.70 , pp. 850-861
    • Claudio, L.1    Martiney, J.A.2    Brosnan, C.F.3
  • 29
    • 84555170717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between Mycobacterium tuberculosis phylogenetic lineage and clinical site of tuberculosis
    • Click, E. S., Moonan, P. K., Winston, C. A., Cowan, L. S., and Oeltmann, J. E. (2012). Relationship between Mycobacterium tuberculosis phylogenetic lineage and clinical site of tuberculosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 54, 211-219, doi: 10.1093/cid/cir788
    • (2012) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.54 , pp. 211-219
    • Click, E.S.1    Moonan, P.K.2    Winston, C.A.3    Cowan, L.S.4    Oeltmann, J.E.5
  • 30
    • 0028153628 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of BCG vaccine in the prevention of tuberculosismeta-analysis of the published literature
    • Colditz, G. A., Brewer, T. F., Berkey, C. S., Wilson, M. E., Burdick, E., Fineberg, H. V., et al. (1994). Efficacy of BCG vaccine in the prevention of tuberculosismeta-analysis of the published literature. JAMA 271, 698-702, doi: 10.1001/jama.1994.03510330076038
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.271 , pp. 698-702
    • Colditz, G.A.1    Brewer, T.F.2    Berkey, C.S.3    Wilson, M.E.4    Burdick, E.5    Fineberg, H.V.6
  • 31
    • 0029814576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species differences in the generation of reactive oxygen speciesbymicroglia.Mol
    • Colton, C., Wilt, S., Gilbert, D., Chernyshev, O., Snell, J., and Dubois- Dalcq, M. (1996). Species differences in the generation of reactive oxygen species by microglia. Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. 28, 15-20, doi: 10.1007/bf02815200
    • (1996) Chem.Neuropathol , vol.28 , pp. 15-20
    • Colton, C.1    Wilt, S.2    Gilbert, D.3    Chernyshev, O.4    Snell, J.5    Dubois- Dalcq, M.6
  • 32
    • 10744228751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of cytokines expression in human microglia infected by virulent and non-virulent mycobacteria
    • Curto, M., Reali, C., Palmieri, G., Scintu, F., Schivo, M. L., Sogos, V., et al. (2004). Inhibition of cytokines expression in human microglia infected by virulent and non-virulent mycobacteria. Neurochem. Int. 44, 381-392, doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2003.08.012
    • (2004) Neurochem. Int , vol.44 , pp. 381-392
    • Curto, M.1    Reali, C.2    Palmieri, G.3    Scintu, F.4    Schivo, M.L.5    Sogos, V.6
  • 33
    • 0022509814 scopus 로고
    • Thepathologyandpathogenesisoftuberculous encephalopathyandmyeloradiculopathy:Acomparisonwithallergic encephalomyelitis
    • Dastur, D. K. (1986). The pathology and pathogenesis of tuberculous encephalopathy and myeloradiculopathy: a comparison with allergic encephalomyelitis. Childs Nerv. Syst. 2, 13-19, doi: 10.1007/bf00274027
    • (1986) Childsnerv.Syst , vol.2 , pp. 13-19
    • Dastur, D.K.1
  • 34
    • 22244464662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATP mediates rapid microglial response to local brain injury in vivo
    • Davalos, D., Grutzendler, J., Yang, G., Kim, J. V., Zuo, Y., Jung, S., et al. (2005). ATP mediates rapid microglial response to local brain injury in vivo. Nat. Neurosci. 8, 752-758, doi: 10.1038/nn1472
    • (2005) Nat. Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 752-758
    • Davalos, D.1    Grutzendler, J.2    Yang, G.3    Kim, J.V.4    Zuo, Y.5    Jung, S.6
  • 35
    • 46749115222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Region-specific expression ofimmunoregulatory proteins on microglia in the healthy CNS
    • de Haas, A. H., Boddeke, H. W., and Biber, K. (2008). Region-specific expression of immunoregulatory proteins on microglia in the healthy CNS. Glia 56, 888-894, doi: 10.1002/glia.20663
    • (2008) Glia , vol.56 , pp. 888-894
    • De Haas, A.H.1    Boddeke, H.W.2    Biber, K.3
  • 36
    • 0026094306 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 10 (IL-10) inhibits cytokine synthesis by human monocytes: An autoregulatory role of IL-10 produced by monocytes
    • de Waal Malefyt, R., Abrams, J., Bennett, B., Figdor, C. G., and de Vries, J. E. (1991). Interleukin 10 (IL-10) inhibits cytokine synthesis by human monocytes: An autoregulatory role of IL-10 produced by monocytes. J. Exp. Med. 174, 1209-1220, doi: 10.1084/jem.174.5.1209
    • (1991) J. Exp. Med , vol.174 , pp. 1209-1220
    • De Waal Malefyt, R.1    Abrams, J.2    Bennett, B.3    Figdor, C.G.4    De Vries, J.E.5
  • 37
    • 34248174912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • System xc- and glutamate transporter inhibition mediates microglial toxicity to oligodendrocytes
    • Domercq, M., Sánchez-Gómez, M. V., Sherwin, C., Etxebarria, E., Fern, R., and Matute, C. (2007). System xc- and glutamate transporter inhibition mediates microglial toxicity to oligodendrocytes. J. Immunol. 178, 6549-6556, doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.10.6549
    • (2007) J. Immunol , vol.178 , pp. 6549-6556
    • Domercq, M.1    Sánchez-Gómez, M.V.2    Sherwin, C.3    Etxebarria, E.4    Fern, R.5    Matute, C.6
  • 38
    • 14944383274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tuberculous meningitis andmiliary tuberculosis: The rich focus revisited
    • Donald, P., Schaaf, H., and Schoeman, J. (2005). Tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis: the rich focus revisited. J. Infect. 50, 193-195, doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2004.02.010
    • (2005) J. Infect , vol.50 , pp. 193-195
    • Donald, P.1    Schaaf, H.2    Schoeman, J.3
  • 39
    • 1542574298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 2-deficient mice succumb to Mycobacterium tuberculosisinfection
    • Drennan, M. B., Nicolle, D., Quesniaux, V. J., Jacobs, M., Allie, N., Mpagi, J., et al. (2004). Toll-like receptor 2-deficient mice succumb to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Am. J. Pathol. 164, 49-57, doi: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63095-7
    • (2004) Am.J.Pathol , vol.164 , pp. 49-57
    • Drennan, M.B.1    Nicolle, D.2    Quesniaux, V.J.3    Jacobs, M.4    Allie, N.5    Mpagi, J.6
  • 40
    • 0026465586 scopus 로고
    • Tuberculous meningitisin patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection
    • Dubé, M. P., Holtom, P. D., and Larsen, R. A. (1992). Tuberculous meningitis in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am. J. Med. 93, 520-524, doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(92)90579-z
    • (1992) Am. J. Med , vol.93 , pp. 520-524
    • Dubé, M.P.1    Holtom, P.D.2    Larsen, R.A.3
  • 41
    • 0030253214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 on fluidphase permeability and ammonia diffusion in CNS-derived endothelial cells
    • Duchini, A., Govindarajan, S., Santucci, M., Zampi, G., and Hofman, F. M. (1996). Effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 on fluidphase permeability and ammonia diffusion in CNS-derived endothelial cells. J. Investig. Med. 44, 474-482.
    • (1996) J. Investig. Med , vol.44 , pp. 474-482
    • Duchini, A.1    Govindarajan, S.2    Santucci, M.3    Zampi, G.4    Hofman, F.M.5
  • 42
    • 84860284485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-6 inhibitsIFN-γinduced autophagy in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv infected macrophages
    • Dutta, R. K., Kathania, M., Raje, M., and Majumdar, S. (2012). IL-6 inhibits IFN-γ induced autophagy in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv infected macrophages. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 44, 942-954, doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.02.021
    • (2012) Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol , vol.44 , pp. 942-954
    • Dutta, R.K.1    Kathania, M.2    Raje, M.3    Majumdar, S.4
  • 43
    • 84888373474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglial activation milieu controls regulatory T cell responses
    • Ebner, F., Brandt, C., Thiele, P., Richter, D., Schliesser, U., Siffrin, V., et al. (2013). Microglial activation milieu controls regulatory T cell responses. J. Immunol. 191, 5594-5602, doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203331
    • (2013) J. Immunol , vol.191 , pp. 5594-5602
    • Ebner, F.1    Brandt, C.2    Thiele, P.3    Richter, D.4    Schliesser, U.5    Siffrin, V.6
  • 44
    • 0028299844 scopus 로고
    • Cell adhesion moleculesonvesselsduringinflammationinthemousecentralnervoussystem
    • Engelhardt, B., Conley, F. K., and Butcher, E. C. (1994). Cell adhesion molecules on vessels during inflammation in the mouse central nervous system. J. Neuroimmunol. 51, 199-208, doi: 10.1016/0165-5728(94)90082-5
    • (1994) J. Neuroimmunol , vol.51 , pp. 199-208
    • Engelhardt, B.1    Conley, F.K.2    Butcher, E.C.3
  • 45
    • 0033845124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tuberculosis of the central nervous system in children: A 20-year survey
    • Farinha, N., Razali, K., Holzel, H., Morgan, G., and Novelli, V. (2000). Tuberculosis of the central nervous system in children: a 20-year survey. J. Infect. 41, 61-68, doi: 10.1053/jinf.2000.0692
    • (2000) J. Infect , vol.41 , pp. 61-68
    • Farinha, N.1    Razali, K.2    Holzel, H.3    Morgan, G.4    Novelli, V.5
  • 46
    • 0035874640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CXCL10 (IFN-γ -inducible protein-10) control ofencephalitogenicCD4+Tcellaccumulationinthecentralnervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Fife, B. T., Kennedy, K. J., Paniagua, M. C., Lukacs, N. W., Kunkel, S. L., Luster, A. D., et al. (2001). CXCL10 (IFN-γ -inducible protein-10) control of encephalitogenic CD4+ T cell accumulation in the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 166, 7617-7624, doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.12.7617
    • (2001) J. Immunol , vol.166 , pp. 7617-7624
    • Fife, B.T.1    Kennedy, K.J.2    Paniagua, M.C.3    Lukacs, N.W.4    Kunkel, S.L.5    Luster, A.D.6
  • 48
    • 0027345355 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of microglia and macrophages in the central nervous system of rats: Definition of the differential expression of molecules using standard and novel monoclonal antibodies in normal CNS and in four models of parenchymal reaction
    • Flaris, N. A., Densmore, T. L., Molleston, M. C., and Hickey, W. F. (1993). Characterization of microglia and macrophages in the central nervous system of rats: definition of the differential expression of molecules using standard and novel monoclonal antibodies in normal CNS and in four models of parenchymal reaction. Glia 7, 34-40, doi: 10.1002/glia.440070108
    • (1993) Glia , vol.7 , pp. 34-40
    • Flaris, N.A.1    Densmore, T.L.2    Molleston, M.C.3    Hickey, W.F.4
  • 49
    • 0022536504 scopus 로고
    • Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhances phagocytosis of bacteria by human neutrophils
    • Fleischmann, J., Golde, D. W., Weisbart, R. H., and Gasson, J. C. (1986). Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhances phagocytosis of bacteria by human neutrophils. Blood 68, 708-711.
    • (1986) Blood , vol.68 , pp. 708-711
    • Fleischmann, J.1    Golde, D.W.2    Weisbart, R.H.3    Gasson, J.C.4
  • 50
    • 0029002659 scopus 로고
    • Normal adultramified microglia separated from other central nervous system macrophages by flow cytometric sorting. Phenotypic differences defined and direct ex vivoantigen presentation to myelin basic protein-reactive CD4+ T cells compared
    • Ford, A. L., Goodsall, A. L., Hickey, W. F., and Sedgwick, J. D. (1995). Normal adult ramified microglia separated from other central nervous system macrophages by flow cytometric sorting. Phenotypic differences defined and direct ex vivo antigen presentation to myelin basic protein-reactive CD4+ T cells compared. J. Immunol. 154, 4309-4321.
    • (1995) J. Immunol , vol.154 , pp. 4309-4321
    • Ford, A.L.1    Goodsall, A.L.2    Hickey, W.F.3    Sedgwick, J.D.4
  • 51
    • 0028215961 scopus 로고
    • Antigen presentation inthe central nervous system. The inhibitory effect of IL-10 on MHC class II expression and production of cytokines depends on the inducing signals and the type of cell analyzed
    • Frei, K., Lins, H., Schwerdel, C., and Fontana, A. (1994). Antigen presentation in the central nervous system. The inhibitory effect of IL-10 on MHC class II expression and production of cytokines depends on the inducing signals and the type of cell analyzed. J. Immunol. 152, 2720-2728.
    • (1994) J. Immunol , vol.152 , pp. 2720-2728
    • Frei, K.1    Lins, H.2    Schwerdel, C.3    Fontana, A.4
  • 52
    • 0023618311 scopus 로고
    • Antigen presentation and tumor cytotoxicity by interferon-γ-treated microglial cells
    • Frei, K., Siepl, C., Groscurth, P., Bodmer, S., Schwerdel, C., and Fontana, A. (1987). Antigen presentation and tumor cytotoxicity by interferon-γ-treated microglial cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 17, 1271-1278, doi: 10.1002/eji.1830170909
    • (1987) Eur. J. Immunol , vol.17 , pp. 1271-1278
    • Frei, K.1    Siepl, C.2    Groscurth, P.3    Bodmer, S.4    Schwerdel, C.5    Fontana, A.6
  • 53
    • 0036848969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia in human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurodegeneration
    • Garden, G. A. (2002). Microglia in human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurodegeneration. Glia 40, 240-251, doi: 10.1002/glia.10155
    • (2002) Glia , vol.40 , pp. 240-251
    • Garden, G.A.1
  • 54
    • 77951950320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of injury in bacterial meningitis
    • Gerber, J., and Nau, R. (2010). Mechanisms of injury in bacterial meningitis. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 23, 312-318, doi: 10.1097/WCO.0b013e32833950dd
    • (2010) Curr.Opin. Neurol , vol.23 , pp. 312-318
    • Gerber, J.1    Nau, R.2
  • 55
    • 78149360132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fate mapping analysis reveals that adult microglia derive from primitive macrophages
    • Ginhoux, F., Greter, M., Leboeuf, M., Nandi, S., See, P., Gokhan, S., et al. (2010). Fate mapping analysis reveals that adult microglia derive from primitive macrophages. Science 330, 841-845, doi: 10.1126/science.1194637
    • (2010) Science , vol.330 , pp. 841-845
    • Ginhoux, F.1    Greter, M.2    Leboeuf, M.3    Nandi, S.4    See, P.5    Gokhan, S.6
  • 56
    • 0028214985 scopus 로고
    • Reactive cell proliferation and microglia following injury to the rat brain. Neuropathol. Appl
    • Giordana, M., Attanasio, A., Cavalla, P., Migheli, A., Vigliani, M., and Schiffer, D. (1994). Reactive cell proliferation and microglia following injury to the rat brain. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 20, 163-174, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.1994.tb01175.x
    • (1994) Neurobiol , vol.20 , pp. 163-174
    • Giordana, M.1    Attanasio, A.2    Cavalla, P.3    Migheli, A.4    Vigliani, M.5    Schiffer, D.6
  • 57
    • 0024211168 scopus 로고
    • Colony-stimulating factors as promoters ofameboid microglia
    • Giulian, D., and Ingeman, J. E. (1988). Colony-stimulating factors as promoters of ameboid microglia. J. Neurosci. 8, 4707-4717.
    • (1988) J. Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 4707-4717
    • Giulian, D.1    Ingeman, J.E.2
  • 58
    • 0028881820 scopus 로고
    • Cellsurface morphology identifies microglia as a distinct class of mononuclear phagocyte
    • Giulian, D., Li, J., Bartel, S., Broker, J., Li, X., and Kirkpatrick, J. B. (1995). Cell surface morphology identifies microglia as a distinct class of mononuclear phagocyte. J. Neurosci. 15, 7712-7726.
    • (1995) J. Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 7712-7726
    • Giulian, D.1    Li, J.2    Bartel, S.3    Broker, J.4    Li, X.5    Kirkpatrick, J.B.6
  • 59
    • 0023772364 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-1 injected into mammalian brain stimulates astrogliosis and neovascularization
    • Giulian, D., Woodward, J., Young, D. G., Krebs, J. F., and Lachman, L. B. (1988). Interleukin-1 injected into mammalian brain stimulates astrogliosis and neovascularization. J. Neurosci. 8, 2485-2490.
    • (1988) J. Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 2485-2490
    • Giulian, D.1    Woodward, J.2    Young, D.G.3    Krebs, J.F.4    Lachman, L.B.5
  • 60
    • 0041381158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNF-α microinjection upregulates chemokines and chemokine receptors in the central nervous system without inducing leukocyte infiltration
    • Glabinski, A. R., Bielecki, B., Kolodziejski, P., Han, Y., Selmaj, K., and Ransohoff, R. M. (2003). TNF-α microinjection upregulates chemokines and chemokine receptors in the central nervous system without inducing leukocyte infiltration. J. Interferon. Cytokine Res. 23, 457-466, doi: 10.1089/107999003322277874
    • (2003) J. Interferon. Cytokine Res , vol.23 , pp. 457-466
    • Glabinski, A.R.1    Bielecki, B.2    Kolodziejski, P.3    Han, Y.4    Selmaj, K.5    Ransohoff, R.M.6
  • 61
    • 34547127632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective role of the innate immune system by microglia
    • Glezer, I., Simard, A. R., and Rivest, S. (2007). Neuroprotective role of the innate immune system by microglia. Neuroscience 147, 867-883, doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.02.055
    • (2007) Neuroscience , vol.147 , pp. 867-883
    • Glezer, I.1    Simard, A.R.2    Rivest, S.3
  • 62
    • 84884831438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and host risk factors in a large urban setting in Brazil
    • Gomes, T., Vinhas, S. A., Reis-Santos, B., Palaci, M., Peres, R. L., Aguiar, P. P., et al. (2013). Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and host risk factors in a large urban setting in Brazil. PLoS One 8:e74517, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074517
    • (2013) Plos One , vol.8
    • Gomes, T.1    Vinhas, S.A.2    Reis-Santos, B.3    Palaci, M.4    Peres, R.L.5    Aguiar, P.P.6
  • 63
    • 0029829594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of matrix metalloproteinaseexpression in astrocytes, microglia and neurons
    • Gottschall, P. E., and Deb, S. (1996). Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression in astrocytes, microglia and neurons. Neuroimmunomodulation 3, 69-75, doi: 10.1159/000097229
    • (1996) Neuroimmunomodulation , vol.3 , pp. 69-75
    • Gottschall, P.E.1    Deb, S.2
  • 64
    • 33746238519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling events involved in cytokine and chemokine production induced by secretory phospholipase A2 in human lung macrophages
    • Granata, F., Frattini, A., Loffredo, S., Del Prete, A., Sozzani, S., Marone, G., et al. (2006). Signaling events involved in cytokine and chemokine production induced by secretory phospholipase A2 in human lung macrophages. Eur. J. Immunol. 36, 1938-1950, doi: 10.1002/eji.200535567
    • (2006) Eur. J. Immunol , vol.36 , pp. 1938-1950
    • Granata, F.1    Frattini, A.2    Loffredo, S.3    Del Prete, A.4    Sozzani, S.5    Marone, G.6
  • 65
    • 19944401169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of cytokine production by secreted phospholipase A2 in human lung macrophages expressing the M-type receptor
    • Granata, F., Petraroli, A., Boilard, E., Bezzine, S., Bollinger, J., Del Vecchio, L., et al. (2005). Activation of cytokine production by secreted phospholipase A2 in human lung macrophages expressing the M-type receptor. J. Immunol. 174, 464-474, doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.1.464
    • (2005) J. Immunol , vol.174 , pp. 464-474
    • Granata, F.1    Petraroli, A.2    Boilard, E.3    Bezzine, S.4    Bollinger, J.5    Del Vecchio, L.6
  • 66
    • 77953405498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycobacterium tuberculosis upregulates microglial matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 expression and secretion via NF-κB-and activator protein-1-dependent monocyte networks
    • Green, J. A., Elkington, P. T., Pennington, C. J., Roncaroli, F., Dholakia, S., Moores, R. C., et al. (2010). Mycobacterium tuberculosis upregulates microglial matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 expression and secretion via NF-κB-and activator protein-1-dependent monocyte networks. J. Immunol. 184, 6492-6503, doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903811
    • (2010) J. Immunol , vol.184 , pp. 6492-6503
    • Green, J.A.1    Elkington, P.T.2    Pennington, C.J.3    Roncaroli, F.4    Dholakia, S.5    Moores, R.C.6
  • 67
    • 84883082836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In an in vitro model of human tuberculosis, monocyte-microglial networks regulate matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 gene expression andsecretion via a p38 mitogen activated protein kinase-dependent pathway
    • Green, J. A., Rand, L., Moores, R., Dholakia, S., Pezas, T., Elkington, P. T., et al. (2013). In an in vitro model of human tuberculosis, monocyte-microglial networks regulate matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 gene expression and secretion via a p38 mitogen activated protein kinase-dependent pathway. J. Neuroinflammation 10:107, doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-107
    • (2013) J. Neuroinflammation , vol.10 , pp. 107
    • Green, J.A.1    Rand, L.2    Moores, R.3    Dholakia, S.4    Pezas, T.5    Elkington, P.T.6
  • 68
    • 0036510168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Juxtavascular microglia migrate along brain microvessels following activation during early postnatal development
    • Grossmann, R., Stence, N., Carr, J., Fuller, L., Waite, M., and Dailey, M. E. (2002). Juxtavascular microglia migrate along brain microvessels following activation during early postnatal development. Glia 37, 229-240, doi: 10.1002/glia.10031
    • (2002) Glia , vol.37 , pp. 229-240
    • Grossmann, R.1    Stence, N.2    Carr, J.3    Fuller, L.4    Waite, M.5    Dailey, M.E.6
  • 69
    • 1542373666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia, macrophages, perivascular macrophages and pericytes: A review of function and identification
    • Guillemin, G. J., and Brew, B. J. (2004). Microglia, macrophages, perivascular macrophages and pericytes: a review of function and identification. J. Leukoc. Biol. 75, 388-397, doi: 10.1189/jlb.0303114
    • (2004) J. Leukoc. Biol , vol.75 , pp. 388-397
    • Guillemin, G.J.1    Brew, B.J.2
  • 70
    • 0036849018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia as a source and target of cytokines
    • Hanisch, U. K. (2002). Microglia as a source and target of cytokines. Glia 40, 140-155, doi: 10.1002/glia.10161
    • (2002) Glia , vol.40 , pp. 140-155
    • Hanisch, U.K.1
  • 71
    • 35548986304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia: Active sensor and versatileeffector cells in the normal and pathologic brain
    • Hanisch, U. K., and Kettenmann, H. (2007). Microglia: active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain. Nat. Neurosci. 10, 1387-1394, doi: 10.1038/nn1997
    • (2007) Nat. Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 1387-1394
    • Hanisch, U.K.1    Kettenmann, H.2
  • 72
    • 33846186853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monocyte-astrocyte networks regulate matrix metalloproteinase gene expression and secretion in central nervous system tuberculosisinvitroandinvivo
    • Harris, J. E., Nuttall, R. K., Elkington, P. T., Green, J. A., Horncastle, D. E., Graeber, M. B., et al. (2007). Monocyte-astrocyte networks regulate matrix metalloproteinase gene expression and secretion in central nervous system tuberculosis in vitro and in vivo. J. Immunol. 178, 1199-1207, doi: 10. 4049/jimmunol.178.2.1199
    • (2007) J.Immunol , vol.178 , pp. 1199-1207
    • Harris, J.E.1    Nuttall, R.K.2    Elkington, P.T.3    Green, J.A.4    Horncastle, D.E.5    Graeber, M.B.6
  • 73
    • 26444469659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated ex vivo monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (CCL2) in pulmonary as compared with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis
    • Hasan, Z., Zaidi, I., Jamil, B., Khan, M. A., Kanji, A., and Hussain, R. (2005). Elevated ex vivo monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (CCL2) in pulmonary as compared with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. BMC Immunol. 6:14, doi: 10.1186/1471-2172-6-14
    • (2005) BMC Immunol , vol.6 , pp. 14
    • Hasan, Z.1    Zaidi, I.2    Jamil, B.3    Khan, M.A.4    Kanji, A.5    Hussain, R.6
  • 74
    • 1542722942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hematopoietic origin of microglial and perivascular cells in brain
    • Hess, D. C., Abe, T., Hill, W. D., Studdard, A. M., Carothers, J., Masuya, M., et al. (2004). Hematopoietic origin of microglial and perivascular cells in brain. Exp. Neurol. 186, 134-144, doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2003.11.005
    • (2004) Exp. Neurol , vol.186 , pp. 134-144
    • Hess, D.C.1    Abe, T.2    Hill, W.D.3    Studdard, A.M.4    Carothers, J.5    Masuya, M.6
  • 75
    • 0023949553 scopus 로고
    • Perivascular microglial cells of the CNSare bone marrow-derived and present antigen in vivo
    • Hickey, W. F., and Kimura, H. (1988). Perivascular microglial cells of the CNS are bone marrow-derived and present antigen in vivo. Science 239, 290-292, doi: 10.1126/science.3276004
    • (1988) Science , vol.239 , pp. 290-292
    • Hickey, W.F.1    Kimura, H.2
  • 76
    • 0026755999 scopus 로고
    • Bone marrow-derived elementsin the central nervous system: An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural survey of rat chimeras
    • Hickey, W. F., Vass, K., and Lassmann, H. (1992). Bone marrow-derived elements in the central nervous system: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural survey of rat chimeras. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 51, 246-256, doi: 10.1097/00005072-199205000-00002
    • (1992) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol , vol.51 , pp. 246-256
    • Hickey, W.F.1    Vass, K.2    Lassmann, H.3
  • 77
    • 0035892749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A protective and agonistic function of IL-12p40 in mycobacterial infection
    • Hölscher, C., Atkinson, R. A., Arendse, B., Brown, N., Myburgh, E., Alber, G., et al. (2001). A protective and agonistic function of IL-12p40 in mycobacterial infection. J. Immunol. 167, 6957-6966, doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.12.6957
    • (2001) J. Immunol , vol.167 , pp. 6957-6966
    • Hölscher, C.1    Atkinson, R.A.2    Arendse, B.3    Brown, N.4    Myburgh, E.5    Alber, G.6
  • 78
    • 84891347338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrapulmonary tuberculosis
    • Houston, A., and Macallan, D. C. (2014). Extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Medicine 42, 18-22, doi: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2013.10.008
    • (2014) Medicine , vol.42 , pp. 18-22
    • Houston, A.1    Macallan, D.C.2
  • 79
    • 34250689035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferonγ /IL10 ratio defines the disease severity in pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis
    • Jamil, B., Shahid, F., Hasan, Z., Nasir, N., Razzaki, T., Dawood, G., et al. (2007). Interferonγ /IL10 ratio defines the disease severity in pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb.) 87, 279-287, doi: 10.1016/j.tube.2007.03.004
    • (2007) Tuberculosis (Edinb.) , vol.87 , pp. 279-287
    • Jamil, B.1    Shahid, F.2    Hasan, Z.3    Nasir, N.4    Razzaki, T.5    Dawood, G.6
  • 81
    • 0031737296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tuberculous meningitis in South African urban adults
    • Karstaedt, A., Valtchanova, S., Barriere, R., and Crewe-Brown, H. (1998). Tuberculous meningitis in South African urban adults. QJM 91, 743-747, doi: 10.1093/qjmed/91.11.743
    • (1998) QJM , vol.91 , pp. 743-747
    • Karstaedt, A.1    Valtchanova, S.2    Barriere, R.3    Crewe-Brown, H.4
  • 82
    • 0023930442 scopus 로고
    • Direct evidence for granuloma-inducing activity of interleukin-1. Induction of experimental pulmonary granuloma formation in mice by interleukin-1-coupled beads
    • Kasahara, K., Kobayashi, K., Shikama, Y., Yoneya, I., Soezima, K., Ide, H., et al. (1988). Direct evidence for granuloma-inducing activity of interleukin-1. Induction of experimental pulmonary granuloma formation in mice by interleukin-1-coupled beads. Am. J. Pathol. 130, 629-638.
    • (1988) Am. J. Pathol , vol.130 , pp. 629-638
    • Kasahara, K.1    Kobayashi, K.2    Shikama, Y.3    Yoneya, I.4    Soezima, K.5    Ide, H.6
  • 83
    • 0025043211 scopus 로고
    • Cultured microglial cells have a distinct pattern of membrane channels different from peritoneal macrophages
    • Kettenmann, H., Hoppe, D., Gottmann, K., Banati, R., and Kreutzberg, G. (1990). Cultured microglial cells have a distinct pattern of membrane channels different from peritoneal macrophages. J. Neurosci. Res. 26, 278-287, doi: 10.1002/jnr.490260303
    • (1990) J. Neurosci. Res , vol.26 , pp. 278-287
    • Kettenmann, H.1    Hoppe, D.2    Gottmann, K.3    Banati, R.4    Kreutzberg, G.5
  • 84
    • 0029783512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential infection of porcine alveolar macrophage subpopulations by nonopsonized Mycobacterium bovis involves CD14 receptors
    • Khanna, K. V., Choi, C. S., Gekker, G., Peterson, P. K., and Molitor, T. W. (1996). Differential infection of porcine alveolar macrophage subpopulations by nonopsonized Mycobacterium bovis involves CD14 receptors. J. Leukoc. Biol. 60, 214-220.
    • (1996) J. Leukoc. Biol , vol.60 , pp. 214-220
    • Khanna, K.V.1    Choi, C.S.2    Gekker, G.3    Peterson, P.K.4    Molitor, T.W.5
  • 85
    • 14844348476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) ispivotal for recognition of S. aureus peptidoglycan but not intact bacteria by microglia
    • Kielian, T., Esen, N., and Bearden, E. D. (2005). Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is pivotal for recognition of S. aureus peptidoglycan but not intact bacteria by microglia. Glia 49, 567-576, doi: 10.1002/glia.20144
    • (2005) Glia , vol.49 , pp. 567-576
    • Kielian, T.1    Esen, N.2    Bearden, E.D.3
  • 86
    • 84875892857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MicrogliaemergefromerythromyeloidprecursorsviaPu. 1-and Irf8-dependent pathways. Nat
    • Kierdorf, K., Erny, D., Goldmann, T., Sander, V., Schulz, C., Perdiguero, E. G., et al. (2013). Microglia emerge from erythromyeloid precursors via Pu. 1-and Irf8-dependent pathways. Nat. Neurosci. 16, 273-280, doi: 10.1038/nn.3318
    • (2013) Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 273-280
    • Kierdorf, K.1    Erny, D.2    Goldmann, T.3    Sander, V.4    Schulz, C.5    Perdiguero, E.G.6
  • 87
    • 6344225822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of GM-CSF on the neural progenitor cells
    • Kim, J. K., Choi, B. H., Park, H. C., Park, S. R., Kim, Y. S., Yoon, S. H., et al. (2004). Effects of GM-CSF on the neural progenitor cells. Neuroreport 15, 2161-2165, doi: 10.1097/00001756-200410050-00003
    • (2004) Neuroreport , vol.15 , pp. 2161-2165
    • Kim, J.K.1    Choi, B.H.2    Park, H.C.3    Park, S.R.4    Kim, Y.S.5    Yoon, S.H.6
  • 88
    • 0032590210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secretory phospholipase A2potentiates glutamate-induced rat striatal neuronal cell death in vivo
    • Kolko, M., Bruhn, T., Christensen, T., Lazdunski, M., Lambeau, G., Bazan, N. G., et al. (1999). Secretory phospholipase A2 potentiates glutamate-induced rat striatal neuronal cell death in vivo. Neurosci. Lett. 274, 167-170, doi: 10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00709-0
    • (1999) Neurosci. Lett , vol.274 , pp. 167-170
    • Kolko, M.1    Bruhn, T.2    Christensen, T.3    Lazdunski, M.4    Lambeau, G.5    Bazan, N.G.6
  • 89
    • 12644314071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SynergybysecretoryphospholipaseA2 andglutamateoninducingcell death and sustained arachidonic acid metabolic changes in primary corticalneuronal cultures
    • Kolko, M., DeCoster, M. A., de Turco, E. B. R., and Bazan, N. G. (1996). Synergy by secretory phospholipase A2 and glutamate on inducing cell death and sustained arachidonic acid metabolic changes in primary cortical neuronal cultures. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 32722-32728, doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.51.32722
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem , vol.271 , pp. 32722-32728
    • Kolko, M.1    Decoster, M.A.2    De Turco, E.3    Bazan, N.G.4
  • 90
    • 84993728260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrapulmonarytuberculosis:Arestatisticalreports accurate
    • Kulchavenya, E. (2014). Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: are statistical reports accurate? Ther. Adv. Infect. Dis. 2, 61-70, doi: 10.1177/2049936114528173
    • (2014) Ther. Adv. Infect. Dis , vol.2 , pp. 61-70
    • Kulchavenya, E.1
  • 91
    • 58849147077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendritic cell differentiation signals induce anti-inflammatory properties in human adult microglia
    • Lambert, C., Desbarats, J., Arbour, N., Hall, J. A., Olivier, A., Bar-Or, A., et al. (2008). Dendritic cell differentiation signals induce anti-inflammatory properties in human adult microglia. J. Immunol. 181, 8288-8297, doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.12.8288
    • (2008) J. Immunol , vol.181 , pp. 8288-8297
    • Lambert, C.1    Desbarats, J.2    Arbour, N.3    Hall, J.A.4    Olivier, A.5    Bar-Or, A.6
  • 92
    • 0026073369 scopus 로고
    • Microglial cells area component of the perivascular glia limitans
    • Lassmann, H., Zimprich, F., Vass, K., and Hickey, W. (1991). Microglial cells are a component of the perivascular glia limitans. J. Neurosci. Res. 28, 236-243, doi: 10.1002/jnr.490280211
    • (1991) J. Neurosci. Res , vol.28 , pp. 236-243
    • Lassmann, H.1    Zimprich, F.2    Vass, K.3    Hickey, W.4
  • 93
    • 2442566584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent increase of matrix metalloproteinases in cerebrospinal fluid of tuberculous meningitis
    • Lee, K. Y., Kim, E. H., Yang, W. S., Ryu, H., Cho, S. N., Lee, B. I., et al. (2004). Persistent increase of matrix metalloproteinases in cerebrospinal fluid of tuberculous meningitis. J. Neurol. Sci. 220, 73-78, doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2004.02.008
    • (2004) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.220 , pp. 73-78
    • Lee, K.Y.1    Kim, E.H.2    Yang, W.S.3    Ryu, H.4    Cho, S.N.5    Lee, B.I.6
  • 94
    • 68049103056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracerebral Mycobacterium bovis bacilli Calmette-Guerin infection-induced immune responses in the CNS
    • Lee, J., Ling, C., Kosmalski, M. M., Hulseberg, P., Schreiber, H. A., Sandor, M., et al. (2009). Intracerebral Mycobacterium bovis bacilli Calmette-Guerin infection-induced immune responses in the CNS. J. Neuroimmunol. 213, 112-122, doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.05.008
    • (2009) J. Neuroimmunol , vol.213 , pp. 112-122
    • Lee, J.1    Ling, C.2    Kosmalski, M.M.3    Hulseberg, P.4    Schreiber, H.A.5    Sandor, M.6
  • 95
    • 0028675319 scopus 로고
    • GM-CSF promotesproliferation of human fetal and adult microglia in primary cultures
    • Lee, S. C., Liu, W., Brosnan, C. F., and Dickson, D. W. (1994). GM-CSF promotes proliferation of human fetal and adult microglia in primary cultures. Glia 12, 309-318, doi: 10.1002/glia.440120407
    • (1994) Glia , vol.12 , pp. 309-318
    • Lee, S.C.1    Liu, W.2    Brosnan, C.F.3    Dickson, D.W.4
  • 97
    • 0026436932 scopus 로고
    • Amoeboid and ramified microglia: Theirinterrelationship and response to brain injury
    • Leong, S. K., and Ling, E. A. (1992). Amoeboid and ramified microglia: their interrelationship and response to brain injury. Glia 6, 39-47, doi: 10.1002/glia.440060106
    • (1992) Glia , vol.6 , pp. 39-47
    • Leong, S.K.1    Ling, E.A.2
  • 98
    • 84863845583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transformation from a neuroprotective to a neurotoxic microglial phenotype in a mouse model of ALS
    • Liao, B., Zhao, W., Beers, D. R., Henkel, J. S., and Appel, S. H. (2012). Transformation from a neuroprotective to a neurotoxic microglial phenotype in a mouse model of ALS. Exp. Neurol. 237, 147-152, doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.06.011
    • (2012) Exp. Neurol , vol.237 , pp. 147-152
    • Liao, B.1    Zhao, W.2    Beers, D.R.3    Henkel, J.S.4    Appel, S.H.5
  • 99
    • 0036087252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active tuberculosis in Africa is associated with reduced Th1 and increased Th2 activity in vivo
    • Lienhardt, C., Azzurri, A., Amedei, A., Fielding, K., Sillah, J., Sow, O. Y., et al. (2002). Active tuberculosis in Africa is associated with reduced Th1 and increased Th2 activity in vivo. Eur. J. Immunol. 32, 1605-1613, doi: 10.1002/1521-4141(200206)32:6<1605::aid-immu1605>3.0.co;2-6
    • (2002) Eur. J. Immunol , vol.32 , pp. 1605-1613
    • Lienhardt, C.1    Azzurri, A.2    Amedei, A.3    Fielding, K.4    Sillah, J.5    Sow, O.Y.6
  • 100
    • 0030587864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of type II nitric oxide synthase in primary human astrocytes and microglia: Role of IL-1beta and IL-1 receptor antagonist
    • Liu, J., Zhao, M.-L., Brosnan, C. F., and Lee, S. C. (1996). Expression of type II nitric oxide synthase in primary human astrocytes and microglia: role of IL-1beta and IL-1 receptor antagonist. J. Immunol. 157, 3569-3576.
    • (1996) J. Immunol , vol.157 , pp. 3569-3576
    • Liu, J.1    Zhao, M.-L.2    Brosnan, C.F.3    Lee, S.C.4
  • 101
    • 0033151937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signal transduction pathways induced by GM-CSF in microglia: Significance in thecontrolofproliferation
    • Liva, S. M., Kahn, M. A., Dopp, J. M., and Vellis, J. D. (1999). Signal transduction pathways induced by GM-CSF in microglia: significance in the control of proliferation. Glia 26, 344-352, doi: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199906)26:4<344::aid-glia8>3.0.co;2-l
    • (1999) Glia , vol.26 , pp. 344-352
    • Liva, S.M.1    Kahn, M.A.2    Dopp, J.M.3    Vellis, J.D.4
  • 102
    • 33746255334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Titanium dioxide (P25) produces reactive oxygen species in immortalized brain microglia (BV2): Implications for nanoparticle neurotoxicity
    • Long, T. C., Saleh, N., Tilton, R. D., Lowry, G. V., and Veronesi, B. (2006). Titanium dioxide (P25) produces reactive oxygen species in immortalized brain microglia (BV2): implications for nanoparticle neurotoxicity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40, 4346-4352, doi: 10.1021/es060589n
    • (2006) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.40 , pp. 4346-4352
    • Long, T.C.1    Saleh, N.2    Tilton, R.D.3    Lowry, G.V.4    Veronesi, B.5
  • 103
    • 79952111267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral tuberculoma in a patient receiving anti-TNF alpha (Adalimumab) treatment
    • Lynch, K., and Farrell, M. (2010). Cerebral tuberculoma in a patient receiving anti-TNF alpha (adalimumab) treatment. Clin. Rheumatol. 29, 1201-1204, doi: 10.1007/s10067-010-1466-7
    • (2010) Clin. Rheumatol , vol.29 , pp. 1201-1204
    • Lynch, K.1    Farrell, M.2
  • 104
    • 0344413470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglial activation and increased synthesis of complement componentC1qprecedesblood-brainbarrierdysfunctioninrats
    • Lynch, N. J., Willis, C. L., Nolan, C. C., Roscher, S., Fowler, M. J., Weihe, E., et al. (2004). Microglial activation and increased synthesis of complement component C1q precedes blood-brain barrier dysfunction in rats. Mol. Immunol. 40, 709-716, doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2003.08.009
    • (2004) Mol. Immunol , vol.40 , pp. 709-716
    • Lynch, N.J.1    Willis, C.L.2    Nolan, C.C.3    Roscher, S.4    Fowler, M.J.5    Weihe, E.6
  • 105
    • 58149392087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocyte-derived MCP-1 mediates neuroprotective effects of noradrenaline
    • Madrigal, J. L., Leza, J. C., Polak, P., Kalinin, S., and Feinstein, D. L. (2009). Astrocyte-derived MCP-1 mediates neuroprotective effects of noradrenaline. J. Neurosci. 29, 263-267, doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.4926-08.2009
    • (2009) J. Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 263-267
    • Madrigal, J.L.1    Leza, J.C.2    Polak, P.3    Kalinin, S.4    Feinstein, D.L.5
  • 106
    • 0035500299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglialphagocytosis of apoptotic inflammatory T cells leads to down-regulation ofmicroglialimmuneactivation
    • Magnus, T., Chan, A., Grauer, O., Toyka, K. V., and Gold, R. (2001). Microglial phagocytosis of apoptotic inflammatory T cells leads to down-regulation of microglial immune activation. J. Immunol. 167, 5004-5010, doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.9.5004
    • (2001) J.Immunol , vol.167 , pp. 5004-5010
    • Magnus, T.1    Chan, A.2    Grauer, O.3    Toyka, K.V.4    Gold, R.5
  • 107
    • 30744455267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia proliferationis regulated by hydrogen peroxide from NADPH oxidase
    • Mander, P. K., Jekabsone, A., and Brown, G. C. (2006). Microglia proliferation is regulated by hydrogen peroxide from NADPH oxidase. J. Immunol. 176, 1046-1052, doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.2.1046
    • (2006) J. Immunol , vol.176 , pp. 1046-1052
    • Mander, P.K.1    Jekabsone, A.2    Brown, G.C.3
  • 108
    • 78049391917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tuberculous meningitis: A uniform case definition for use inclinicalresearch
    • Marais, S., Thwaites, G., Schoeman, J. F., Török, M. E., Misra, U. K., Prasad, K., et al. (2010). Tuberculous meningitis: a uniform case definition for use in clinical research. Lancet Infect. Dis. 10, 803-812, doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(10)70138-9
    • (2010) Lancetinfect.Dis , vol.10 , pp. 803-812
    • Marais, S.1    Thwaites, G.2    Schoeman, J.F.3    Török, M.E.4    Misra, U.K.5    Prasad, K.6
  • 109
    • 0345104338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of interleukin-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor in region-specific induction of astrocytic differentiation and neurotrophin expression
    • März, P., Heese, K., Dimitriades-Schmutz, B., Rose-John, S., and Otten, U. (1999). Role of interleukin-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor in region-specific induction of astrocytic differentiation and neurotrophin expression. Glia 26, 191-200, doi: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199905)26:3<191::aid-glia1>3.0.co;2-#
    • (1999) Glia , vol.26 , pp. 191-200
    • März, P.1    Heese, K.2    Dimitriades-Schmutz, B.3    Rose-John, S.4    Otten, U.5
  • 110
    • 0031762459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemokine profiles in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the course of pyogenic and tuberculous meningitis
    • Mastroianni, C., Lancella, L., Mengoni, F., Lichtner, M., Santopadre, P., D’agostino, C., et al. (1998). Chemokine profiles in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the course of pyogenic and tuberculous meningitis. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 114, 210-214, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1998.00698.x
    • (1998) Clin. Exp. Immunol , vol.114 , pp. 210-214
    • Mastroianni, C.1    Lancella, L.2    Mengoni, F.3    Lichtner, M.4    Santopadre, P.5    D’Agostino, C.6
  • 111
    • 0031214548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in patients with tuberculousmeningitis. Clin. Immunol
    • Mastroianni, C., Paoletti, F., Lichtner, M., D’agostino, C., Vullo, V., and Delia, S. (1997). Cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in patients with tuberculous meningitis. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 84, 171-176, doi: 10.1006/clin.1997. 4367
    • (1997) Immunopathol , vol.84 , pp. 171-176
    • Mastroianni, C.1    Paoletti, F.2    Lichtner, M.3    D’Agostino, C.4    Vullo, V.5    Delia, S.6
  • 112
    • 77954394706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The perivascular astroglial sheath provides a complete covering of the brain microvessels: An electron microscopic 3D reconstruction
    • Mathiisen, T. M., Lehre, K. P., Danbolt, N. C., and Ottersen, O. P. (2010). The perivascular astroglial sheath provides a complete covering of the brain microvessels: an electron microscopic 3D reconstruction. Glia 58, 1094-1103, doi: 10.1002/glia.20990
    • (2010) Glia , vol.58 , pp. 1094-1103
    • Mathiisen, T.M.1    Lehre, K.P.2    Danbolt, N.C.3    Ottersen, O.P.4
  • 113
    • 0033215123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human toll-like receptors mediate cellular activation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    • Means, T. K., Wang, S., Lien, E., Yoshimura, A., Golenbock, D. T., and Fenton, M. J. (1999). Human toll-like receptors mediate cellular activation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Immunol. 163, 3920-3927.
    • (1999) J. Immunol , vol.163 , pp. 3920-3927
    • Means, T.K.1    Wang, S.2    Lien, E.3    Yoshimura, A.4    Golenbock, D.T.5    Fenton, M.J.6
  • 114
    • 0025875162 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology ofextrapulmonary tuberculosis. A comparative analysis with pre-AIDS era
    • Mehta, J. B., Dutt, A., Harvill, L., and Mathews, K. M. (1991). Epidemiology of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. A comparative analysis with pre-AIDS era. Chest 99, 1134-1138, doi: 10.1378/chest.99.5.1134
    • (1991) Chest , vol.99 , pp. 1134-1138
    • Mehta, J.B.1    Dutt, A.2    Harvill, L.3    Mathews, K.M.4
  • 115
    • 0034633534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utilization ofCD11b knockout mice to characterize the role of complement receptor 3 (CR3, CD11b/CD18) in the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages
    • Melo, M. D., Catchpole, I. R., Haggar, G., and Stokes, R. W. (2000). Utilization of CD11b knockout mice to characterize the role of complement receptor 3 (CR3, CD11b/CD18) in the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages. Cell. Immunol. 205, 13-23, doi: 10.1006/cimm.2000.1710
    • (2000) Cell. Immunol , vol.205 , pp. 13-23
    • Melo, M.D.1    Catchpole, I.R.2    Haggar, G.3    Stokes, R.W.4
  • 116
    • 0027161216 scopus 로고
    • Microglialcellcytotoxicityofoligodendrocytesismediatedthroughnitricoxide
    • Merrill, J., Ignarro, L., Sherman, M., Melinek, J., and Lane, T. (1993). Microglial cell cytotoxicity of oligodendrocytes is mediated through nitric oxide. J. Immunol. 151, 2132-2141.
    • (1993) J. Immunol , vol.151 , pp. 2132-2141
    • Merrill, J.1    Ignarro, L.2    Sherman, M.3    Melinek, J.4    Lane, T.5
  • 117
    • 84919787171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The M1/M2 immune polarization concept in microglia:A fair transfer? Neuroimmunol
    • Mittelbronn, M. (2014). The M1/M2 immune polarization concept in microglia: a fair transfer? Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm. 1, 6-7, doi: 10.4103/2347-8659.135567
    • (2014) Neuroinflamm , vol.1 , pp. 6-7
    • Mittelbronn, M.1
  • 118
    • 0035105538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localdistribution of microglia in the normal adult human central nervous system differs by up to one order of magnitude
    • Mittelbronn, M., Dietz, K., Schluesener, H. J., and Meyermann, R. (2001). Local distribution of microglia in the normal adult human central nervous system differs by up to one order of magnitude. Acta Neuropathol. 101, 249-255, doi: 10.1007/s004010000284
    • (2001) Acta Neuropathol , vol.101 , pp. 249-255
    • Mittelbronn, M.1    Dietz, K.2    Schluesener, H.J.3    Meyermann, R.4
  • 119
    • 0031005797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNF-αpretreatment induces protective effects against focal cerebral ischemia in mice
    • Nawashiro, H., Tasaki, K., Ruetzler, C. A., and Hallenbeck, J. M. (1997). TNF-α pretreatment induces protective effects against focal cerebral ischemia in mice. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 17, 483-490, doi: 10.1097/00004647-199705000-00001
    • (1997) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab , vol.17 , pp. 483-490
    • Nawashiro, H.1    Tasaki, K.2    Ruetzler, C.A.3    Hallenbeck, J.M.4
  • 120
    • 80054064536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tuberculosis of the central nervous systemin immunocompromised patients: HIV infection and solid organ transplant recipients
    • Nelson, C. A., and Zunt, J. R. (2011). Tuberculosis of the central nervous system in immunocompromised patients: HIV infection and solid organ transplant recipients. Clin. Infect. Dis. 53, 915-926, doi: 10.1093/cid/cir508
    • (2011) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.53 , pp. 915-926
    • Nelson, C.A.1    Zunt, J.R.2
  • 121
    • 0032510798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NeurotrophinsinhibitmajorhistocompatibilityclassIIinducibilityof microglia: Involvement of the p75 neurotrophin receptor
    • Neumann, H., Misgeld, T., Matsumuro, K., and Wekerle, H. (1998). Neurotrophins inhibit major histocompatibility class II inducibility of microglia: involvement of the p75 neurotrophin receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 5779-5784, doi:10.1073/pnas.95.10.5779
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 5779-5784
    • Neumann, H.1    Misgeld, T.2    Matsumuro, K.3    Wekerle, H.4
  • 122
    • 0028203597 scopus 로고
    • Voltage-dependentpotassium channels in activated rat microglia
    • Nörenberg, W., Gebicke-Haerter, P. J., and Illes, P. (1994). Voltage-dependent potassium channels in activated rat microglia. J. Physiol. 475, 15-32, doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp020046
    • (1994) J. Physiol , vol.475 , pp. 15-32
    • Nörenberg, W.1    Gebicke-Haerter, P.J.2    Illes, P.3
  • 123
    • 0035879108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 2-dependent inhibition of macrophage class II MHC expression and antigen processing by 19-kDa lipoprotein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    • Noss, E. H., Pai, R. K., Sellati, T. J., Radolf, J. D., Belisle, J., Golenbock, D. T., et al. (2001). Toll-like receptor 2-dependent inhibition of macrophage class II MHC expression and antigen processing by 19-kDa lipoprotein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Immunol. 167, 910-918, doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.2.910
    • (2001) J. Immunol , vol.167 , pp. 910-918
    • Noss, E.H.1    Pai, R.K.2    Sellati, T.J.3    Radolf, J.D.4    Belisle, J.5    Golenbock, D.T.6
  • 124
    • 0032212261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of IL-6 and the soluble IL-6 receptor in inhibition of VCAM-1 gene expression
    • Oh, J.-W., Van Wagoner, N. J., Rose-John, S., and Benveniste, E. N. (1998). Role of IL-6 and the soluble IL-6 receptor in inhibition of VCAM-1 gene expression. J. Immunol. 161, 4992-4999.
    • (1998) J. Immunol , vol.161 , pp. 4992-4999
    • Oh, J.-W.1    Van Wagoner, N.J.2    Rose-John, S.3    Benveniste, E.N.4
  • 126
    • 0028843985 scopus 로고
    • Pretreatmentof donor mice with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor polarizes donor T lymphocytes toward type-2 cytokine production and reduces severity of experimental graft-versus-host disease
    • Pan, L., Delmonte, J. J., Jalonen, C. K., and Ferrara, J. (1995). Pretreatment of donor mice with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor polarizes donor T lymphocytes toward type-2 cytokine production and reduces severity of experimental graft-versus-host disease. Blood 86, 4422-4429.
    • (1995) Blood , vol.86 , pp. 4422-4429
    • Pan, L.1    Delmonte, J.J.2    Jalonen, C.K.3    Ferrara, J.4
  • 127
    • 0029894130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multinucleated giant cell formation of swine microglia induced by Mycobacterium bovis
    • Peterson, P. K., Gekker, G., Hu, S., Anderson, W. R., Teichert, M., Chao, C. C., et al. (1996). Multinucleated giant cell formation of swine microglia induced by Mycobacterium bovis. J. Infect. Dis. 173, 1194-1201, doi: 10.1093/infdis/173.5.1194
    • (1996) J. Infect. Dis , vol.173 , pp. 1194-1201
    • Peterson, P.K.1    Gekker, G.2    Hu, S.3    Erson, W.R.4    Teichert, M.5    Chao, C.C.6
  • 128
    • 0028920736 scopus 로고
    • CD14 receptor-mediateduptakeofnonopsonized Mycobacteriumtuberculosisbyhumanmicroglia.Infect
    • Peterson, P. K., Gekker, G., Hu, S., Sheng, W. S., Anderson, W. R., Ulevitch, R. J., et al. (1995a). CD14 receptor-mediated uptake of nonopsonized Mycobacterium tuberculosis by human microglia. Infect. Immun. 63, 1598-1602.
    • (1995) Immun , vol.63 , pp. 1598-1602
    • Peterson, P.K.1    Gekker, G.2    Hu, S.3    Sheng, W.S.4    Erson, W.R.5    Ulevitch, R.J.6
  • 129
    • 0028818849 scopus 로고
    • Morphine stimulates phagocytosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by human microglial cells: Involvement of a G protein-coupled opiate receptor
    • Peterson, P. K., Gekker, G., Hu, S., Sheng, W. S., Molitor, T. W., and Chao, C. C. (1995b). Morphine stimulates phagocytosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by human microglial cells: Involvement of a G protein-coupled opiate receptor. Adv. Neuroimmunol. 5, 299-309, doi: 10.1016/0960-5428(95)00020-3
    • (1995) Adv. Neuroimmunol , vol.5 , pp. 299-309
    • Peterson, P.K.1    Gekker, G.2    Hu, S.3    Sheng, W.S.4    Molitor, T.W.5    Chao, C.C.6
  • 130
    • 0035869604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a matrix-degrading phenotype in human tuberculosisin vitro and in vivo
    • Price, N. M., Farrar, J., Chau, T. T. H., Mai, N. T. H., Hien, T. T., and Friedland, J. S. (2001). Identification of a matrix-degrading phenotype in human tuberculosis in vitro and in vivo. J. Immunol. 166, 4223-4230, doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.6.4223
    • (2001) J. Immunol , vol.166 , pp. 4223-4230
    • Price, N.M.1    Farrar, J.2    Chau, T.3    Mai, N.4    Hien, T.T.5    Friedland, J.S.6
  • 131
    • 0032866588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglial activation by components of gram-positive and -negative bacteria: Distinct and common routes to the induction of ion channels and cytokines
    • Prinz, M., Kann, O., Draheim, H. J., Schumann, R. R., Kettenmann, H., Weber, J. R., et al. (1999). Microglial activation by components of gram-positive and -negative bacteria: distinct and common routes to the induction of ion channels and cytokines. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 58, 1078-1089, doi: 10.1097/00005072-199910000-00006
    • (1999) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol , vol.58 , pp. 1078-1089
    • Prinz, M.1    Kann, O.2    Draheim, H.J.3    Schumann, R.R.4    Kettenmann, H.5    Weber, J.R.6
  • 132
    • 84937250899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrophage-microglia networks drive M1 microglia polarization after mycobacterium infection
    • [Epubaheadofprint]
    • Qin, Y., Sun, X., Shao, X., Cheng, C., Feng, J., Sun, W., et al. (2015). Macrophage-microglia networks drive M1 microglia polarization after mycobacterium infection. Inflammation doi: 10.1007/s10753-015-0136-y. [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2015) Inflammation
    • Qin, Y.1    Sun, X.2    Shao, X.3    Cheng, C.4    Feng, J.5    Sun, W.6
  • 133
    • 84898914402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurons are host cells for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    • Randall, P. J., Hsu, N.-J., Lang, D., Cooper, S., Sebesho, B., Allie, N., et al. (2014). Neurons are host cells for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infect. Immun. 82, 1880-1890, doi: 10.1128/IAI.00474-13
    • (2014) Infect. Immun , vol.82 , pp. 1880-1890
    • Randall, P.J.1    Hsu, N.-J.2    Lang, D.3    Cooper, S.4    Sebesho, B.5    Allie, N.6
  • 135
    • 0036937354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesoglia and microglia-a historical review of theconcept of mononuclear phagocytes within the central nervous system
    • Rezaie, P., and Male, D. (2002). Mesoglia and microglia-a historical review of the concept of mononuclear phagocytes within the central nervous system. J. Hist. Neurosci. 11, 325-374, doi: 10.1076/jhin.11.4.325.8531
    • (2002) J. Hist. Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 325-374
    • Rezaie, P.1    Male, D.2
  • 136
    • 0002922127 scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis of tuberculosismeningitis
    • Rich, A. R., and McCordock, H. A. (1933). The pathogenesis of tuberculosis meningitis. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 52, 5-37.
    • (1933) Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp , vol.52 , pp. 5-37
    • Rich, A.R.1    McCordock, H.A.2
  • 137
    • 0025125908 scopus 로고
    • Extrapulmonarytuberculosis in the united states1-3
    • Rieder, H. L., Snider, D. E. Jr., and Cauthen, G. M. (1990). Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the united states1-3. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 141, 347-351, doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/141.2.347
    • (1990) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis , vol.141 , pp. 347-351
    • Rieder, H.L.1    Snider, D.E.2    Cauthen, G.M.3
  • 138
    • 28844454323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced cytokine and chemokine expression by human microglia and astrocytes: Effects of dexamethasone
    • Rock, R. B., Hu, S., Gekker, G., Sheng, W. S., May, B., Kapur, V., et al. (2005). Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced cytokine and chemokine expression by human microglia and astrocytes: effects of dexamethasone. J. Infect. Dis. 192, 2054-2058, doi: 10.1086/498165
    • (2005) J. Infect. Dis , vol.192 , pp. 2054-2058
    • Rock, R.B.1    Hu, S.2    Gekker, G.3    Sheng, W.S.4    May, B.5    Kapur, V.6
  • 139
    • 0027751819 scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of BCGagainst tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis: A meta-analysis
    • Rodrigues, L. C., Diwan, V. K., and Wheeler, J. G. (1993). Protective effect of BCG against tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis: a meta-analysis. Int. J. Epidemiol. 22, 1154-1158, doi: 10.1093/ije/22.6.1154
    • (1993) Int. J. Epidemiol , vol.22 , pp. 1154-1158
    • Rodrigues, L.C.1    Diwan, V.K.2    Wheeler, J.G.3
  • 140
    • 0034814056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglialchemotaxis,activationand phagocytosisofamyloidβ-peptideas linked phenomenain Alzheimer’s disease
    • Rogers, J., and Lue, L.-F. (2001). Microglial chemotaxis, activation and phagocytosis of amyloid β-peptide as linked phenomena in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurochem. Int. 39, 333-340, doi: 10.1016/s0197-0186(01)00040-7
    • (2001) Neurochem. Int , vol.39 , pp. 333-340
    • Rogers, J.1    Lue, L.-F.2
  • 141
    • 20544462785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host innate and Th1 responses and the bacterial factors that control Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
    • Salgame, P. (2005). Host innate and Th1 responses and the bacterial factors that control Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 17, 374-380, doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2005.06.006
    • (2005) Curr. Opin. Immunol , vol.17 , pp. 374-380
    • Salgame, P.1
  • 143
    • 0026766026 scopus 로고
    • TNF α induces IL-6 production by astrocytes but not by microglia
    • Sawada, M., Suzumura, A., and Marunouchi, T. (1992). TNF α induces IL-6 production by astrocytes but not by microglia. Brain Res. 583, 296-299, doi: 10.1016/s0006-8993(10)80037-x
    • (1992) Brain Res , vol.583 , pp. 296-299
    • Sawada, M.1    Suzumura, A.2    Marunouchi, T.3
  • 144
    • 23644445498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hematopoietic factor G-CSF is a neuronal ligand that counteracts programmed cell death and drives neurogenesis
    • Schneider, A., Krüger, C., Steigleder, T., Weber, D., Pitzer, C., Laage, R., et al. (2005). The hematopoietic factor G-CSF is a neuronal ligand that counteracts programmed cell death and drives neurogenesis. J. Clin. Invest. 115, 2083-2098, doi: 10.1172/jci23559
    • (2005) J. Clin. Invest , vol.115 , pp. 2083-2098
    • Schneider, A.1    Krüger, C.2    Steigleder, T.3    Weber, D.4    Pitzer, C.5    Laage, R.6
  • 145
    • 84859508307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AlineageofmyeloidcellsindependentofMybandhematopoietic stem cells
    • Schulz, C., Perdiguero, E. G., Chorro, L., Szabo-Rogers, H., Cagnard, N., Kierdorf, K., et al. (2012). A lineage of myeloid cells independent of Myb and hematopoietic stem cells. Science 336, 86-90, doi: 10.1126/science.1219179
    • (2012) Science , vol.336 , pp. 86-90
    • Schulz, C.1    Perdiguero, E.G.2    Chorro, L.3    Szabo-Rogers, H.4    Cagnard, N.5    Kierdorf, K.6
  • 146
    • 84880184473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diverse activation of microglia by chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2 overexpression in brain
    • Selenica, M., Alvarez, J. A., Nash, K. R., Lee, D. C., Cao, C., Lin, X., et al. (2013). Diverse activation of microglia by chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2 overexpression in brain. J. Neuroinflammation 10:86, doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-86
    • (2013) J. Neuroinflammation , vol.10 , pp. 86
    • Selenica, M.1    Alvarez, J.A.2    Nash, K.R.3    Lee, D.C.4    Cao, C.5    Lin, X.6
  • 147
    • 77957798179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CCL2modulatescytokineproductioninculturedmouseastrocytes
    • Semple, B. D., Frugier, T., and Morganti-Kossmann, M. C. (2010). CCL2 modulates cytokine production in cultured mouse astrocytes. J. Neuroinflammation 7:67, doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-7-67
    • (2010) J. Neuroinflammation , vol.7 , pp. 67
    • Semple, B.D.1    Frugier, T.2    Morganti-Kossmann, M.C.3
  • 148
    • 15444365158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-talk between CD14 and complement receptor 3 promotes phagocytosis of mycobacteria: Regulation by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinaseand cytohesin-1
    • Sendide, K., Reiner, N. E., Lee, J. S., Bourgoin, S., Talal, A., and Hmama, Z. (2005). Cross-talk between CD14 and complement receptor 3 promotes phagocytosis of mycobacteria: regulation by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and cytohesin-1. J. Immunol. 174, 4210-4219, doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.7. 4210
    • (2005) J. Immunol , vol.174 , pp. 4210-4219
    • Sendide, K.1    Reiner, N.E.2    Lee, J.S.3    Bourgoin, S.4    Talal, A.5    Hmama, Z.6
  • 149
    • 34247332718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of tuberculosis in Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Effects of RA itself and of tumor necrosis factor blockers
    • Seong, S. S., Choi, C. B., Woo, J. H., Bae, K. W., Joung, C. L., Uhm, W. S., et al. (2007). Incidence of tuberculosis in Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA): effects of RA itself and of tumor necrosis factor blockers. J. Rheumatol. 34, 706-711.
    • (2007) J. Rheumatol , vol.34 , pp. 706-711
    • Seong, S.S.1    Choi, C.B.2    Woo, J.H.3    Bae, K.W.4    Joung, C.L.5    Uhm, W.S.6
  • 150
    • 0037448086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TheCD14 receptordoesnotmediateentryof Mycobacteriumtuberculosisintohumanmononuclearphagocytes
    • Shams, H., Wizel, B., Lakey, D. L., Samten, B., Vankayalapati, R., Valdivia, R. H., et al. (2003). The CD14 receptor does not mediate entry of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into human mononuclear phagocytes. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 36, 63-69, doi: 10.1016/s0928-8244(03) 00039-7
    • (2003) Femsimmunol.Med.Microbiol , vol.36 , pp. 63-69
    • Shams, H.1    Wizel, B.2    Lakey, D.L.3    Samten, B.4    Vankayalapati, R.5    Valdivia, R.H.6
  • 151
    • 0028351424 scopus 로고
    • Regulationofintercellularadhesionmolecule-1 geneexpressionbytumornecrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interferon-γ in astrocytes
    • Shrikant, P., Chung, I. Y., Ballestas, M. E., and Benveniste, E. N. (1994). Regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene expression by tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interferon-γ in astrocytes. J. Neuroimmunol. 51, 209-220, doi: 10.1016/0165-5728(94)90083-3
    • (1994) J. Neuroimmunol , vol.51 , pp. 209-220
    • Shrikant, P.1    Chung, I.Y.2    Ballestas, M.E.3    Benveniste, E.N.4
  • 152
    • 84872893030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Janus-faced microglia: Beneficial and detrimental consequences of microglial phagocytosis
    • Sierra, A., Abiega, O., Shahraz, A., and Neumann, H. (2013). Janus-faced microglia: beneficial and detrimental consequences of microglial phagocytosis. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 7:6, doi: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00006
    • (2013) Front. Cell. Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 6
    • Sierra, A.1    Abiega, O.2    Shahraz, A.3    Neumann, H.4
  • 153
    • 0034176022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic doses of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor affect cytokine production by lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo
    • Sloand, E. M., Kim, S., Maciejewski, J. P., Van Rhee, F., Chaudhuri, A., Barrett, J., et al. (2000). Pharmacologic doses of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor affect cytokine production by lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. Blood 95, 2269-2274.
    • (2000) Blood , vol.95 , pp. 2269-2274
    • Sloand, E.M.1    Kim, S.2    Maciejewski, J.P.3    Van Rhee, F.4    Chaudhuri, A.5    Barrett, J.6
  • 154
    • 0031738941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNF-α and IFN-γrender microglia sensitive to Fas ligand-induced apoptosis by induction of Fas expression and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL
    • Spanaus, K. S., Schlapbach, R., and Fontana, A. (1998). TNF-α and IFN-γ render microglia sensitive to Fas ligand-induced apoptosis by induction of Fas expression and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Eur. J. Immunol. 28, 4398-4408, doi: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199812)28:12<4398::aidimmu4398>3.3.co;2-p
    • (1998) Eur. J. Immunol , vol.28 , pp. 4398-4408
    • Spanaus, K.S.1    Schlapbach, R.2    Fontana, A.3
  • 155
    • 0023719515 scopus 로고
    • Rat ependyma and microgliacells express class II MHC antigens after intravenous infusion of recombinant gammainterferon
    • Steiniger, B., and Van Der Meide, P. H. (1988). Rat ependyma and microglia cells express class II MHC antigens after intravenous infusion of recombinant gamma interferon. J. Neuroimmunol. 19, 111-118, doi: 10.1016/0165- 5728(88)90040-9
    • (1988) J.Neuroimmunol , vol.19 , pp. 111-118
    • Steiniger, B.1    Van Der Meide, P.H.2
  • 156
    • 0037240748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DC-SIGN is the major Mycobacterium tuberculosis receptor on human dendritic cells
    • Tailleux, L., Schwartz, O., Herrmann, J. L., Pivert, E., Jackson, M., Amara, A., et al. (2003). DC-SIGN is the major Mycobacterium tuberculosis receptor on human dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 197, 121-127, doi: 10.3410/f.1011546.181118
    • (2003) J. Exp. Med , vol.197 , pp. 121-127
    • Tailleux, L.1    Schwartz, O.2    Herrmann, J.L.3    Pivert, E.4    Jackson, M.5    Amara, A.6
  • 157
    • 0345004849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its soluble receptor support survival of sensory neurons
    • Thier, M., März, P., Otten, U., Weis, J., and Rose-John, S. (1999). Interleukin-6 (IL- 6) and its soluble receptor support survival of sensory neurons. J. Neurosci. Res. 55, 411-422, doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4547(19990215)55:4<411::aid-jnr2>3.3.co;2-4
    • (1999) J. Neurosci. Res , vol.55 , pp. 411-422
    • Thier, M.1    März, P.2    Otten, U.3    Weis, J.4    Rose-John, S.5
  • 158
    • 6044222465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dexamethasone for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis in adolescents and adults
    • Thwaites, G. E., Bang, N. D., Dung, N. H., Quy, H. T., Oanh, D. T. T., Thoa, N. T. C., et al. (2004). Dexamethasone for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis in adolescents and adults. N. Engl. J. Med. 351, 1741-1751, doi: 10. 1056/nejmoa040573
    • (2004) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.351 , pp. 1741-1751
    • Thwaites, G.E.1    Bang, N.D.2    Dung, N.H.3    Quy, H.T.4    Oanh, D.5    Thoa, N.6
  • 159
    • 13944280686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tuberculous meningitis: Many questions,too few answers
    • Thwaites, G. E., and Hien, T. T. (2005). Tuberculous meningitis: many questions, too few answers. Lancet Neurol. 4, 160-170, doi: 10.1016/s1474-4422(05)70019-3
    • (2005) Lancet Neurol , vol.4 , pp. 160-170
    • Thwaites, G.E.1    Hien, T.T.2
  • 160
    • 33645989166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of BCG vaccination on childhood tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis worldwide: A meta-analysis and assessment of cost-effectiveness
    • Trunz, B. B., Fine, P., and Dye, C. (2006). Effect of BCG vaccination on childhood tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis worldwide: a meta-analysis and assessment of cost-effectiveness. Lancet 367, 1173-1180, doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68507-3
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.367 , pp. 1173-1180
    • Trunz, B.B.1    Fine, P.2    Dye, C.3
  • 161
    • 0025233799 scopus 로고
    • Monokinemodulationof human astroglial cell production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. I. Effects of IL-1 alpha and IL-beta
    • Tweardy, D., Mott, P., and Glazer, E. (1990). Monokine modulation of human astroglial cell production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. I. Effects of IL-1 alpha and IL-beta. J. Immunol. 144, 2233-2241.
    • (1990) J. Immunol , vol.144 , pp. 2233-2241
    • Tweardy, D.1    Mott, P.2    Glazer, E.3
  • 162
    • 0014806583 scopus 로고
    • Tuberculous encephalopathy with and withoutmeningitis clinical features and pathological correlations
    • Udani, P., and Dastur, D. K. (1970). Tuberculous encephalopathy with and without meningitis clinical features and pathological correlations. J. Neurol. Sci. 10, 541-561, doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(70)90187-5
    • (1970) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.10 , pp. 541-561
    • Udani, P.1    Dastur, D.K.2
  • 163
    • 0028123075 scopus 로고
    • Phenotypicdifferencesbetweenhumanmonocytes/macrophagesandmicroglialcells
    • Ulvested, E., Williams, K., Mørk, S., Antel, J., and Nyland, H. (1994). Phenotypic differences between human monocytes/macrophages and microglial cells studied in situ and in vitro. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 53, 492-501, doi: 10.1097/00005072-199409000-00008
    • (1994) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol , vol.53 , pp. 492-501
    • Ulvested, E.1    Williams, K.2    Mørk, S.3    Antel, J.4    Nyland, H.5
  • 164
    • 15244340430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of phagolysosome biogenesis block by viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    • Vergne, I., Chua, J., Lee, H.-H., Lucas, M., Belisle, J., and Deretic, V. (2005). Mechanism of phagolysosome biogenesis block by viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 102, 4033-4038, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0409716102
    • (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A , vol.102 , pp. 4033-4038
    • Vergne, I.1    Chua, J.2    Lee, H.-H.3    Lucas, M.4    Belisle, J.5    Deretic, V.6
  • 165
    • 77953999839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CCL5 participates in early protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    • Vesosky, B., Rottinghaus, E. K., Stromberg, P., Turner, J., and Beamer, G. (2010). CCL5 participates in early protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Leukoc. Biol. 87, 1153-1165, doi: 10.1189/jlb.1109742
    • (2010) J. Leukoc. Biol , vol.87 , pp. 1153-1165
    • Vesosky, B.1    Rottinghaus, E.K.2    Stromberg, P.3    Turner, J.4    Beamer, G.5
  • 166
    • 1042278014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of reactive oxygen species in LPS-induced production of prostaglandin E2 in microglia
    • Wang, T., Qin, L., Liu, B., Liu, Y., Wilson, B., Eling, T. E., et al. (2004). Role of reactive oxygen species in LPS-induced production of prostaglandin E2 in microglia. J. Neurochem. 88, 939-947, doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02242.x
    • (2004) J. Neurochem , vol.88 , pp. 939-947
    • Wang, T.1    Qin, L.2    Liu, B.3    Liu, Y.4    Wilson, B.5    Eling, T.E.6
  • 167
    • 84897104780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The extrapulmonary disseminationof tuberculosis: A meta-analysis
    • Webster, A. S., and Shandera, W. X. (2014). The extrapulmonary dissemination of tuberculosis: a meta-analysis. Int. J. Mycobacteriol. 3, 9-16, doi: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.01.003
    • (2014) Int. J. Mycobacteriol , vol.3 , pp. 9-16
    • Webster, A.S.1    Shandera, W.X.2
  • 168
    • 84901916736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 43-year systematic review andmeta-analysis: Case-fatality and risk of death among adults with tuberculous meningitisinAfrica
    • Woldeamanuel, Y. W., and Girma, B. (2013). A 43-year systematic review and meta-analysis: case-fatality and risk of death among adults with tuberculous meningitis in Africa. J. Neurol. 261, 851-865, doi: 10.1007/s00415-013-7060-6
    • (2013) J.Neurol , vol.261 , pp. 851-865
    • Woldeamanuel, Y.W.1    Girma, B.2
  • 169
    • 84914701171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organisation (WHO), Geneva:WHO Press, World Health Organization
    • World Health Organisation (WHO). (2014). Global Tuberculosis Report. Geneva: WHO Press, World Health Organization.
    • (2014) Global Tuberculosis Report
  • 170
    • 0025166114 scopus 로고
    • CD14, a receptor for complexes of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS bindingprotein
    • Wright, S. D., Ramos, R. A., Tobias, P. S., Ulevitch, R. J., and Mathison, J. C. (1990). CD14, a receptor for complexes of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS binding protein. Science 249, 1431-1433, doi: 10.1126/science.1698311
    • (1990) Science , vol.249 , pp. 1431-1433
    • Wright, S.D.1    Ramos, R.A.2    Tobias, P.S.3    Ulevitch, R.J.4    Mathison, J.C.5
  • 171
    • 33751176262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The β-glucan receptor dectin-1 functionstogether with TLR2 to mediate macrophage activation by mycobacteria
    • Yadav, M., and Schorey, J. S. (2006). The β-glucan receptor dectin-1 functions together with TLR2 to mediate macrophage activation by mycobacteria. Blood 108, 3168-3175, doi: 10.1182/blood-2006-05-024406
    • (2006) Blood , vol.108 , pp. 3168-3175
    • Yadav, M.1    Schorey, J.S.2
  • 172
    • 39049134842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species and p47phox activation are essential for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced pro-inflammatory response in murine microglia
    • Yang, C.-S., Lee, H.-M., Lee, J.-Y., Kim, J.-A., Lee, S. J., Shin, D.-M., et al. (2007). Reactive oxygen species and p47phox activation are essential for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced pro-inflammatory response in murine microglia. J. Neuroinflammation 4:27, doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-4-27
    • (2007) J. Neuroinflammation , vol.4 , pp. 27
    • Yang, C.-S.1    Lee, H.-M.2    Lee, J.-Y.3    Kim, J.-A.4    Lee, S.J.5    Shin, D.-M.6
  • 173
    • 69449092758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secretory phospholipase A2 plays an essential role in microglial inflammatory responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    • Yang, C. S., Yuk, J. M., Shin, D. M., Kang, J., Lee, S. J., and Jo, E. K. (2009). Secretory phospholipase A2 plays an essential role in microglial inflammatory responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Glia 57, 1091-1103, doi: 10.1002/glia.20832
    • (2009) Glia , vol.57 , pp. 1091-1103
    • Yang, C.S.1    Yuk, J.M.2    Shin, D.M.3    Kang, J.4    Lee, S.J.5    Jo, E.K.6
  • 174
    • 84861045821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A functional single-nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter of the gene encoding interleukin 6 is associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis
    • Zhang, G., Zhou, B., Wang, W., Zhang, M., Zhao, Y., Wang, Z., et al. (2012). A functional single-nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter of the gene encoding interleukin 6 is associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis. J. Infect. Dis. 205, 1697-1704, doi: 10.1093/infdis/jis266
    • (2012) J. Infect. Dis , vol.205 , pp. 1697-1704
    • Zhang, G.1    Zhou, B.2    Wang, W.3    Zhang, M.4    Zhao, Y.5    Wang, Z.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.