Emerging role of tissue lectins as microenvironmental effectors in tumors and wounds

Histology and Histopathology

Volumn 30, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 293-309

  Smetana, Karel ^a   Szabo, Pavol ^a   Gál, Peter ^a,b,c   André, Sabine ^d   Gabius, Hans Joachim ^d   Kodet, Ondřej ^a   Dvořánková, Barbora ^a  

^a CHARLES UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES   (Slovakia)

^c P J AFÁRIK UNIVERSITY   (Slovakia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Chemokine; Fibroblast; Glycosylation; Lectin; Myofibroblast; Stem cell

Indexed keywords

LECTIN;

ANIMAL; ENVIRONMENT; FIBROBLAST; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; INJURY; METABOLISM; NEOPLASM; PATHOLOGY; STEM CELL;

ANIMALS; ENVIRONMENT; FIBROBLASTS; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; LECTINS; NEOPLASMS; STEM CELLS; WOUNDS AND INJURIES;

EID: 84924331935     PISSN: 02133911     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.14670/HH-30.293     Document Type: Review

References (206)

1. Ahmad N., Gabius H.-J., Kaltner H., André S., Kuwabara I., Liu F.-T., Oscarson S., Norberg T. and Brewer C.F. (2002). Thermodynamic binding studies of cell surface carbohydrate epitopes to galectins-1, -3, and -7: evidence for differential binding specificities. Can. J. Chem. 80, 1096-1104.
2. Amano M., Eriksson H., Manning J.C., Detjen K.M., André S., Nishimura S.-I., Lehtiö J. and Gabius H.-J. (2012). Tumour suppressor p16INK4a: anoikis-favouring decrease in N/O-glycan/cell surface sialylation by down-regulation of enzymes in sialic acid biosynthesis in tandem in a pancreatic carcinoma model. FEBS J. 279, 4062- 4080.
3. André S., Kojima S., Yamazaki N., Fink C., Kaltner H., Kayser K. and Gabius H.-J. (1999). Galectins-1 and -3 and their ligands in tumor biology. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 125, 461-474.
4. André S., Liu B., Gabius H.-J. and Roy R. (2003). First demonstration of differential inhibition of lectin binding by synthetic tri- and tetravalent glycoclusters from cross-coupling of rigidified 2-propynyl lactoside. Org. Biomol. Chem. 1, 3909-3916.
5. André S., Sanchez-Ruderisch H., Nakagawa H., Buchholz M., Kopitz J., Forberich P., Kemmner W., Böck C., Deguchi K., Detjen K.M., Wiedenmann B., von Knebel Doeberitz M., Gress T.M., Nishimura S.-I., Rosewicz S. and Gabius H.-J. (2007). Tumor suppressor p16INK4a: modulator of glycomic profile and galectin-1 expression to increase susceptibility to carbohydrate-dependent induction of anoikis in pancreatic carcinoma cells. FEBS J. 274, 3233-3256.
6. André S., Giguère D., Dam T.K., Brewer C.F., Gabius H.-J. and Roy R. (2010). Synthesis and screening of a small glycomimetic library for inhibitory activity on medically relevant galactoside-specific lectins in assays of increasing biorelevance. New J. Chem. 34, 2229-2240.
7. André S., Renaudet O., Bossu I., Dumy P. and Gabius H.-J. (2011). Cyclic neoglycodecapeptides: how to increase their inhibitory activity and selectivity on lectin/toxin binding to a glycoprotein and cells. J. Pept. Sci. 17, 427-437.
8. André S., Jarikote D.V., Yan D., Vincenz L., Wang G.N., Kaltner H., Murphy P.V. and Gabius H.-J. (2012). Synthesis of bivalent lactosides and their activity as sensors for differences between lectins in inter- and intrafamily comparisons. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 22, 313-318.
9. André S., Singh T., Lacal J.C., Smetana K. Jr. and Gabius H.-J. (2014). Rho GTPase Rac1: molecular switch within the galectin network and for N glycan α2,6-sialylation/O-glycan core 1 sialylation in colon cancer in vitro. Folia Biol. 60, 95-107.
10. Barbul A. and Regan M.C. (1993). Biology of wound healing. In: Surgical basic science. Fischer J.A. (ed). Mosby-Yearbook. St. Louis. pp 68-88.
11. Barondes S.H. (1997). Galectins: a personal overview. Trends Glycosci. Glycotechnol. 9, 1-7.
12. Behm B., Babilas P., Landthaler M. and Schreml S. (2012). Cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in wound healing. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol.Venereol. 26, 812-820.
13. Bentzinger C.F., Wang Y.X., Dumont N.A. and Rudnicki M.A. (2013). Cellular dynamics in the muscle satellite cell niche. EMBO Rep. 14, 1062-1072.
14. Bermudez D.M., Canning D.A. and Liechty K.W. (2011). Age and proinflammatory cytokine production: wound-healing implications for scar-formation and the timing of genital surgery in boys. J. Pediatr. Urol. 7, 324-331.
15. Blanpain C. and Fuchs E. (2006). Epidermal stem cells of the skin. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 22, 339-373.
16. Borsky J., Veleminska J., Jurovčík M., Kozak J., Hechtova D., Tvrdek M., Cerny M., Kabelka Z., Fajstavr J., Janota J., Zach J., Peterkova R. and Peterka M. (2012). Successful early neonatal repair of cleft lip within first 8 days of life. Int. J. Ped. Otorhinolaryngol. 76, 1616- 1626.
17. Brellier F. and Chiquet-Ehrismann R. (2012). How do tenascins influence the birth and life of a malignant cell? J. Cell. Mol. Med. 16, 32-40.
18. Brenmoehl J., Miller S.N., Hofmann C., Vogl D., Falk W., Schölmerich J. and Rogler G. (2009) Transforming growth factor-β1 induces intestinal myofibroblast differentiation and modulates their migration. World J. Gastroenterol. 15, 1431-1442.
19. Brewer C.F. (1997). Cross-linking activities of galectins and other multivalent lectins. Trends Glycosci. Glycotechnol. 9, 155-165.
20. Buddecke E. (2009). Proteoglycans. In: The sugar code. Fundamentals of glycosciences. Gabius, H.-J. (ed). Wiley-VCH. Weinheim. pp. 199-216.
21. Čada Z., Smetana K. Jr, Lacina L., Plzáková Z., Stork J., Kaltner H., Russwurm R., Lensch M., André S. and Gabius H.-J. (2009). Immunohistochemical fingerprinting of the network of seven adhesion/growth-regulatory lectins in human skin and detection of distinct tumour-associated alterations. Folia Biol. 55, 145-152.
22. Camby I., Belot N., Rorive S., Lefranc F., Maurage C.A., Lahm H., Kaltner H., Hadari Y., Ruchoux M.M., Brotchi J., Zick Y., Salmon I., Gabius H.-J. and Kiss R. (2001). Galectins are differentially expressed in supratentorial pilocytic astrocytomas, astrocytomas, anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas, and significantly modulate tumor astrocyte migration. Brain Pathol. 11, 12-26.
23. Camby I., Decaestecker C., Lefranc F., Kaltner H., Gabius H.-J. and Kiss R. (2005). Galectin-1 knocking down in human U87 glioblastoma cells alters their gene expression pattern. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 335, 27-35.
24. Casey T.M., Eneman J., Crocker A., White J., Tessitore J., Stanley M., Harlow S., Bunn J.Y., Weaver D., Muss H. and Plaut K. (2008). Cancer associated fibroblasts stimulated by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) increase invasion rate of tumor cells: a population study. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 110, 39-49.
25. Casey T., Bond J., Tighe S., Hunter T., Lintault L., Patel O., Eneman J., Crocker A., White J., Tessitore J., Stanley M., Harlow S., Weaver D., Muss H. and Plaut K. (2009) Molecular signatures suggest a major role for stromal cells in development of invasive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 114, 47-62.
26. Cao Z., Said N., Amin S., Wu H.K., Bruce A., Garate M., Hsu D.K., Kuwabara I., Liu F.-T. and Panjwani N. (2002). Galectins-3 and -7, but not galectin-1, play a role in re-epithelialization of wounds. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 42299-42305.
27. Čapková M., Šáchová J., Strnad H., Kolář M., Hroudová M., Chovanec M., Čada Z., Šteffl M., Valach J., Kastner J., Vlček Č., Smetana K. Jr and Plzák J. (2014). Microarray analysis of serum mRNA in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma at whole-genome scale. Biomed. Res. Int. 2014, 408683.
28. Challen G.A. and Little M.H. (2006). Aside order of stem cells: the SP phenotype. Stem Cells 24, 3-12.
29. Chen X., Rycaj K., Liu X. and Tang D.G. (2013). New insights into prostate cancer stem cells. Cell Cycle 12, 579-586.
30. Chovanec M., Smetana K. Jr, Betka J., Plzák J., Brabec J., MoyaÁlvarez V., André S., Kodet R. and Gabius H.-J. (2005). Correlation of expression of nuclear proteins pKi67 and p63 with lectin histochemical features in head and neck squamous cell cancer. Int. J. Oncol. 27, 409-415.
31. Cirri P. and Chiarugi P. (2011). Cancer-associated fibroblasts: the dark side of the coin. Am. J. Cancer Res. 1, 482-497.
32. Cooper D.N.W. (2002). Galectinomics: finding themes in complexity. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1572, 209-231.
33. Cullinane A.R., Yeager C., Dorward H., Carmona-Rivera C., Wu H.P., Moss J., O'Brien K.J., Nathan S.D., Meyer K.C., Rosas I.O., Helip- Wooley A., Huizing M., Gahl W.A. and Gochuico B.R. (2014). Dysregulation of galectin-3. Implications for Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome pulmonary fibrosis. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 50, 605- 613.
34. Danguy A., Akif F., Pajak B. and Gabius H.-J. (1994). Contribution of carbohydrate histochemistry to glycobiology. Histol. Histopathol. 9, 155-171.
35. Das R.K. and Zouani O.F. (2014). A review of the effects of the cell environment physicochemical nanoarchitecture on stem cell commitment. Biomaterials 35, 5278-5293.
36. Dawson H., André S., Karamitopoulou E., Zlobec I. and Gabius H.-J. (2013). The growing galectin network in colon cancer and clinical relevance of cytoplasmic galectin-3 reactivity. Anticancer Res. 33, 3053-3059.
37. de Visser K.E., Eichten A. and Coussens L.M. (2006). Paradoxical roles of the immune system during cancer development. Nat. Rev. Cancer 6, 24-37.
38. De Wever O., Demetter P., Mareel M. and Bradle M. (2008). Stromal myofibroblasts are drivers of invasive cancer growth. Int. J. Cancer 123, 2229-2238.
39. Demers M., Magnaldo T. and St-Pierre Y. (2005). A novel function for galectin-7: promoting tumorigenesis by up-regulating MMP-9 gene expression. Cancer Res. 65, 5205-5210.
40. Downs-Kelly E., Nayeemuddin K.M., Albarracin C., Wu Y. Hunt K.K. and Gilcrease M.Z. (2009). Matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast. An aggressive subtype of metaplastic carcinoma. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 33, 534-541.
41. Dvorak H. (1986). Tumors: wounds that do not heal. New Engl. J. Med. 315, 1650-1659.
42. Dvořánková B., Szabo P., Lacina L., Gal P., Uhrova J., Zima T., Kaltner H., André S., Gabius H.-J., Syková E. and Smetana K. Jr (2011). Human galectins induce conversion of dermal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and productionof extracellular matrix: potential application in tissue engineering and wound repair. Cells Tissues Organs 194, 469-480.
43. Dvořánková B., Szabo P., Lacina L., Kodet O., Matoušková E. and Smetana K. Jr (2012). Fibroblasts prepared from different types of malignant tumors stimulate expression of luminal marker keratin 8 in the EM-G3 breast cancer cell line. Histochem. Cell Biol. 137, 679- 685.
44. Evans J., Yap J., Gamage T., Salamonsen L., Dimitriadis E. and Menkhorst E. (2014). Galectin-7 is important for normal uterine repair following menstruation. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 20, 787-798.
45. Fanali C., Lucchetti D., Farina M., Corbi M., Cufino V., Cittadini A. and Sgambato A. (2014). Cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer from pathogenesis to therapy: controversies and perspectives. World J. Gastroenterol. 20, 923-942.
46. Filer A., Bik M., Parsonage G.N., Fitton J., Trebilcock E., Howlett K., Cook M., Raza K., Simmons D.L., Thomas A.M., Salmon M., Scheel-Toellner D., Lord J.M., Rabinovich G.A. and Buckley C.D. (2009). Galectin 3 induces a distinctive pattern of cytokine and chemokine production in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts via selective signaling pathways. Arthritis Rheum. 60, 1604-1614.
47. Franz M., Hansen T., Richter P., Borsi L., Böhmer F.-D., Hyckel P., Schleier P., Katenkamp D., Zardi L., Kosmehl H. and Bernd A. (2006) Complex formation of the laminin-5 χ2 chain and large unspliced tenascin-C in oral squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in situ: implications for sequential modulation of extracellular matrixin the invasive tumor front. Histochem. Cell Biol. 126, 125-131.
48. Fujita H., Ohuchida K., Mizumoto K., Egami T., Miyoshi K., Moriyama T., Cui L., Yu J., Zhao M., Manabe, T. and Tanaka K. (2009). Tumor-stromal interactions with direct cell contacts enhance proliferation of human pancreatic carcinoma cells. Cancer Sci. 100, 2309-2317.
49. Gabius H.-J. (1997). Animal lectins. Eur. J. Biochem. 243, 543-576.
50. Gabius H.-J. (2001). Probing the cons and pros of lectin-induced immunomodulation: case studies for the mistletoe lectin and galectin-1. Biochimie 83, 659-666.
51. Gabius H.-J. (2006). Cell surface glycans: the why and how of their functionality as biochemical signals in lectin-mediated information transfer. Crit. Rev. Immunol. 26, 43-79.
52. Gabius H.-J. and Kayser K. (2014). Introduction to glycopathology: the concept, the tools and the perspectives. Diagn. Pathol. 9, 4.
53. Gabius H.-J., Engelhardt R., Rehm S. and Cramer F. (1984). Biochemical characterization of endogenous carbohydrate-binding proteins from spontaneous murine rhabdomyosarcoma, mammary adenocarcinoma, and ovarian teratoma. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 73, 1349-1357.
54. Gabius H.-J., Springer W.R. and Barondes S.H. (1985a). Receptor for the cell binding site of discoidin I. Cell 42, 449-456.
55. Gabius H.-J., Engelhardt R., Cramer F., Bätge R. and Nagel G.A. (1985b). Pattern of endogenous lectins in a human epithelial tumor. Cancer Res. 45, 253-257.
56. Gabius H.-J., Brehler R., Schauer A. and Cramer F. (1986). Localization of endogenous lectins in normal human breast, benign breast lesions and mammary carcinomas. Virchows Arch. B 52, 107-115.
57. Gabius H.-J., Wosgien B., Hendrys M. and Bardosi A. (1991). Lectin localization in human nerve by biochemically defined lectin-binding glycoproteins, neoglycoprotein and lectin-specific antibody. Histochemistry 95, 269-277.
58. Gabius H.-J., André S., Jiménez-Barbero J., Romero A. and Solís D. (2011). From lectin structure to functional glycomics: principles of the sugar code. Trends Biochem. Sci. 36, 298-313.
59. Gabius H.-J., van de Wouwer M., André S. and Villalobo A. (2012). Down-regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor by altering N-glycosylation: emerging role of β1,4-galactosyltransferases. Anticancer Res. 32, 1565-1572.
60. Gál P., Vasilenko T., Kostelníková M., Jakubco J., Kovác I., Sabol F., André S., Kaltner H., Gabius H.-J. and Smetana K. Jr (2011). Open wound healing in vivo: monitoring, binding and presence of adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins in rat skin during the course of complete re-epithelialization. Acta Histochem. Cytochem. 44, 191- 199.
61. Galdiero M.R., Garlanda C., Jaillon S., Marone G. and Mantovani A. (2013) Tumor associated macrophages and neutrophils in tumor progression. J. Cell. Physiol. 228, 1404-1412.
62. Gattazzo F., Urciuolo A. and Bonaldo P. (2014). Extracellular matrix: a dynamic microenvironment for stem cell niche. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1840, 2506-2519.
63. Gillitzer R. and Goebeler M. (2001). Chemokines in cutaneous wound healing. J. Leukoc. Biol. 69, 513-521.
64. Glinsky G.V. (2008). "Stemness" genomics law governs clinical behavior of human cancer: implications for decision making in disease management. J. Clin. Oncol. 26, 2846-2853.
65. Goldring K., Jones G.E., Sewry C.A. and Watt D.J. (2002). The musclespecific marker desmin is expressed in a proportion of human dermal fibroblasts after their exposure to galectin-1. Neuromuscul. Disord. 12, 183-186.
66. Gomes A.M., Stelling M.P. and Pavão M.S. (2013). Heparan sulfate and heparanase as modulators of breast cancer progression. Biomed. Res. Int. 2013, 852093.
67. Gore J. and Korc M. (2014). Pancreatic cancer stroma: friend or foe? Cancer Cell 25, 711-712.
68. Gready J.E. and Zelensky A.N. (2009). Routes in lectin evolution: case study on the C-type lectin-like domains. In: The sugar code. Fundamentals of glycosciences. Gabius H.-J. (ed). Wiley-VCH. Weinheim. pp 329-346.
69. Grendel T., Sokolský J., Vaščáková A., Hudák V., Chovanec M., Sabol F., André S., Kaltner H., Gabius H.-J., Frankovičová M., Lenčeš P., Betka J., Smetana K. Jr and Gál P. (2012). Early stages of trachea healing process: (immuno/lectin) histochemical monitoring of selected markers and adhesion/growth-regulatory endogenous lectins. Folia Biol. 58, 135-43.
70. Grim M., Rerábková L. and Carlson B.M. (1988). A test for muscle lesions and their regeneration following intramuscular drug application. Toxicol. Pathol. 16, 432-442.
71. Grivennikov S.I., Greten F.R. and Karin M. (2010). Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Cell 140, 883-899.
72. Habermann F.A., André S., Kaltner H., Kübler D., Sinowatz F. and Gabius H.-J. (2011). Galectins as tools for glycan mapping in histology: comparison of their binding profiles to the bovine zona pellucida by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Histochem. Cell Biol. 135, 539-552.
73. Hansis C. (2006). Totipotency, cell differentiation and reprogramming in humans. Reprod. Biomed. 13, 551-557.
74. Haviv I., Polyak K., Qiu W., Hu M. and Campbell I. (2009). Origin of carcinoma associated fibroblasts. Cell Cycle 8, 589-595.
75. Hayward S.W., Wang Y., Cao M., Hom Y.K., Zhang B., Grossfeld G.D., Sudilovsky D. and Cunha G.R. (2001). Malignant transformation in a nontumorigenic human prostatic epithelial cell line. Cancer Res. 61, 8135-8142.
76. He J. and Baum L.G. (2004). Presentation of galectin-1 by extracellular matrix triggers T cell death. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 4705-4712.
77. Henderson N.C., Mackinnon A.C., Farnworth S.L., Poirier F., Russo F.P., Iredale J.P., Haslett C., Simpson K.J. and Sethi T. (2006). Galectin-3 regulates myofibroblast activation and hepatic fibrosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103, 5060-5065.
78. Henderson N.C., Mackinnon A.C., Farnworth S.L., Kipari T., Haslett C., Iredale J.P., Liu F.-T., Hughes J. and Sethi T. (2008). Galectin-3 expression and secretion links macrophages to the promotion of renal fibrosis. Am. J. Pathol. 172, 288-298.
79. Hirabayashi J., Hashidate T., Arata Y., Nishi N., Nakamura T., Hirashima M., Urashima T., Oka T., Futai M., Müller W.E.G., Yagi F. and Kasai K.-i. (2002). Oligosaccharide specificity of galectins: a search by frontal affinity chromatography. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1572, 232- 254.
80. Ho S., Marçal H. and Foster L.J. (2014). Towards scarless wound healing: a comparison of protein expression between human, adult and foetal fibroblasts. Biomed. Res. Int. 2014, 676493.
81. Holíková Z., Hrdlicková-Cela E., Plzák J., Smetana K. Jr, Betka J., Dvoránková B., Esner M., Wasano K., André S., Kaltner H., Motlík J., Hercogová J., Kodet R. and Gabius H.-J. (2002). Defining the glycophenotype of squamous epithelia using plant and mammalian lectins. Differentiation-dependent expression of α2,6- and α2,3- linked N-acetylneuraminic acid in squamous epithelia and carcinomas, and its differential effect on binding of the endogenous lectins galectins-1 and -3. APMIS 110, 845-856.
82. Hua H., Zhang Y.-Q., Dabernat S., Kritzik, M., Dietz D., Sterling L. and Sarvetnick N. (2006). BMP4 regulates pancreatic progenitor cell expansion through Id2. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 13574-13580.
83. Hwang R.F., Moore T., Arumugam T., Ramachandran V., Amos K.D., Rivera A., Ji B., Evans D.B. and Logsdon C.D. (2008). Cancerassociated stromal fibroblasts promote pancreatic tumor progression. Cancer Res. 68, 918-926.
84. Imamura K., Takeuchi H., Yabe R., Tateno H. and Hirabayashi J. (2011). Engineering of the glycan-binding specificity of Agrocybe cylindracea galectin towards α2,3-linked sialic acid by saturation mutagenesis. J. Biochem. 150, 545-552.
85. Inaba M. and Yamashita Y.M. (2012). Asymmetric stem cell division: precision for robustness. Cell Stem Cell 11, 461-469.
86. Jackaman C. and Nelson D.J. (2014). Are macrophages, myeloid derived suppressor cells and neutrophils mediators of local suppression in healthy and cancerous tissues in aging hosts? Exp. Gerontol. 54, 53-57.
87. Jarkovská K., Dvořánková B., Halada P., Kodet O., Szabo, P., Gadher S.J., Motlík J., Kovarova H. and Smetana K. Jr (2014). Revelation of fibroblast protein commonalities and differences and their possible roles in wound healing and tumourigenesis using co-culture models of cells. Biol. Cell. 106, 203-218.
88. Jung E.-J., Moon H.-G., Cho B.I., Jeong C.-Y., Joo Y.-T., Lee Y.-J., Hong S.-C., Choi S.-K., Ha W.-S., Kim J.W., Lee C.-W., Lee J.S. and Park S.-T. (2007). Galectin-1 expression in cancer-associated stromal cells correlates tumor invasiveness and tumor progression in breast cancer. Int. J. Cancer 120, 2331-2338.
89. Kaltner H. and Gabius H.-J. (2012). A toolbox of lectins for translating the sugar code: the galectin network in phylogenesis and tumors. Histol. Histopathol. 27, 397-416.
90. Kaminski A., Hahne J.C., Haddouti E.-M., Florin A., Wellmann A. and Wernet N. (2006). Tumour-stroma interactions between metastatic prostate cancer cells and fibroblasts. Int. J. Mol. Med. 18, 941-950.
91. Kapoor M., Liu S., Huh K., Parapuram S., Kennedy L. and Leask A. (2008). Connective tissue growth factor promoter activity in normal and wounded skin. Fibrogen. Tissue Rep. 1, 3.
92. Karnoub A.E., Dash A.B., Vo A.P., Sullivan A., Brooks M.W., Bell G.W., Richardson A.L., Polyak K., Tubo R. and Weinberg R.A. (2007). Mesenchymal stem cells within tumourstroma promote breast cancer metastasis. Nature 449, 557-565.
93. Kasai K.-i. (1997). Galectins: intelligent glue, non-bureaucratic bureaucrat or almighty supporting actor. Trends Glycosci. Glycotechnol. 9, 167-170.
94. Kasai K.-i. and Hirabayashi J. (1996). Galectins: a family of animal lectins that decipher glycocodes. J. Biochem. 119, 1-8.
95. Katase N., Tamamura R., Gunduz M., Murakami J., Asaumi J.-I., Tsukamoto G., Sasaki A. and Nagatsuka H. (2008). A spindle cell carcinoma presenting with osseous metaplasia in the gingiva: a case report with immunohistochemical analysis. Head Face Med. 4, 28.
96. Katzenmaier E.-M., André S., Kopitz J. and Gabius H.-J. (2014). Impact of sodium butyrate on the network of adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins in human colon cancer in vitro. Anticancer Res. 34, 5429- 5438.
97. Kayser K., Hoeft D., Hufnagl P., Caselitz J., Zick Y., André S., Kaltner H. and Gabius H.-J. (2003). Combined analysis of tumor growth pattern and expression of endogenous lectins as a prognostic tool in primary testicular cancer and its lung metastases. Histol. Histopathol. 18, 771-779.
98. Kideryová L., Lacina L., Dvořánková B., Štork J., Čada Z., Szabo P., André S., Kaltner H., Gabius H.-J. and Smetana K. Jr (2009). Phenotypic characterization of human keratinocytes in co-culture reveals differential effects of fibroblasts from benign fibrous histiocytoma (dermatofibroma) as compared to cells from its malignant form and to normal fibroblasts. J. Dermatol. Sci. 55, 18- 26.
99. Klíma J., Lacina L., Dvořánková B., Herrmann D., Carnwath J.W., Niemann H., Kaltner H., André S., Motlík J., Gabius H.-J. and Smetana K. Jr (2009). Differential regulation of galectin expression/reactivity during wound healing in porcine skin and in cultures of epidermal cells with functional impact on migration. Physiol. Res. 58, 873-884.
100. Koh A., Niikura T., Lee S.Y., Oe K., Koga T., Dogaki Y. and Kurosaka M. (2011). Differential gene expression and immunolocalization of insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins between experimental nonunions and standard healing fractures. J. Orthoped. Res. 29, 1820-1826.
101. Kolář M., Szabo P., Dvořánková B., Lacina L., Gabius H.-J., Strnad H., Sáchová J., Vlček C., Plzák J., Chovanec M., Cada Z., Betka J., Fík Z., Pačes J., Kovářová H., Motlík J., Jarkovská K. and Smetana K. Jr (2012). Upregulation of IL-6, IL-8 and CXCL-1 production in dermal fibroblasts by normal/malignant epithelial cells in vitro: immunohistochemical and transcriptomic analyses. Biol. Cell 104, 738-751.
102. Kopitz J., Bergmann M. and Gabius H.-J. (2010). How adhesion/growthregulatory galectins-1 and -3 attain cell specificity: case study defining their target on neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-MC) and marked affinity regulation by affecting microdomain organization of the membrane. IUBMB Life 62, 624-628.
103. Kopitz J., Fik Z., André S., Smetana K. Jr and Gabius H.-J. (2013). Single-site mutational engineering and following monoPEGylation of the human lectin galectin-2: effects on ligand binding, functional aspects, and clearance from serum. Mol. Pharm. 10, 2054-2061.
104. Kopitz J., Vértesy S., André S., Fiedler S., Schnölzer M. and Gabius H.- J. (2014). Human chimera-type galectin-3: defining the critical tail length for high-affinity glycoprotein/cell surface binding and functional competition with galectin-1 in neuroblastoma cell growth regulation. Biochimie 104, 90-99.
105. Korkaya H., Liu S. and Wicha M.S. (2011). Breast cancer stem cells, cytokine networks, and the tumor microenvironment. J. Clin. Invest. 121, 3804-3809.
106. Krzeminski M., Singh T., André S., Lensch M., Wu A.M., Bonvin A.M. and Gabius H.-J. (2011). Human galectin-3 (Mac-2 antigen): defining molecular switches of affinity to natural glycoproteins, structural and dynamic aspects of glycan binding by flexible ligand docking and putative regulatory sequences in the proximal promoter region. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1810, 150-161.
107. Kuhn N.Z. and Tuan R.S. (2010). Regulation of stemness and stem cell niche of mesenchymal stem cells: implications in tumorigenesis and metastasis. J. Cell. Physiol. 222, 268-277.
108. Lacina L., Smetana K. Jr, Dvořánková B., Pytlík R., Kideryová L., Kučerová L., Plzáková Z., Štork J., Gabius H.-J. and André S. (2007a). Stromal fibroblasts from basal cell carcinoma affect phenotype of normal keratinocytes. Brit. J. Dermatol. 156, 819-829.
109. Lacina L., Dvořánkova B., Smetana K. Jr, Chovanec M., Plzák J., Tachezy R., Kideryová L, Kučerová L., Čada Z., Bouček J., Kodet R., André S. and Gabius H.-J. (2007b). Marker profiling of normal keratinocytes identifies the stroma from squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity as a modulatory microenvironment in co-culture. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 83, 837-848.
110. Le Bitoux M.A. and Stamenkovic I. (2008). Tumor-host interactions: the role of inflammation. Histochem. Cell Biol. 130, 1079-1090.
111. LeBleu V.S., Taduri G., O'Connell J., Teng Y., Cooke V.G., Woda C., Sugimoto H. and Kalluri R. (2013). Origin and function of myofibroblasts in kidney fibrosis. Nat. Med. 19, 1047-1053.
112. Ledeen R.W., Wu G., André S., Bleich D., Huet G., Kaltner H., Kopitz J. and Gabius H.-J. (2012). Beyond glycoproteins as galectin counterreceptors: tumor-effector T cell growth control via ganglioside GM1. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1253, 206-221.
113. Ling W., Zhang J., Yuan Z., Ren G., Zhang L., Chen X., Rabson A.B, Roberts A.I., Wang Y. and Shi Y. (2014). Mesenchymal stem cells use IDO to regulate immunity in tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res. 74, 1576-1587.
114. Liu Y.H., D'Ambrosio M., Liao T.D., Peng H., Rhaleb N.E., Sharma U., André S., Gabius H.-J. and Carretero O.A. (2009). N-Acetyl-serylaspartyl- lysyl-proline prevents cardiac remodeling and dysfunction induced by galectin-3, a mammalian adhesion/growth-regulatory lectin. Am. J. Physiol. 296, H404-412.
115. López-Lucendo M.F., Solís D., André S., Hirabayashi J., Kasai K.-i., Kaltner H., Gabius H.-J. and Romero A. (2004). Growth-regulatory human galectin-1: crystallographic characterisation of the structural changes induced by single-site mutations and their impact on the thermodynamics of ligand binding. J. Mol. Biol. 343, 957-970.
116. López-Novoa J.M. and Nieto M.A. (2009). Inflammation and EMT: an alliance towards organ fibrosis and cancer progression. EMBO Mol. Med. 1, 303-314.
117. Loutit J.F. (1968). Versatile haemopoietic stem cells. Br. J. Haematol. 15, 333-336.
118. Maccalli C., Volontè A., Cimminiello C. and Parmiani G. (2014). Immunology of cancer stem cells in solid tumours. A review. Eur. J. Cancer 50, 649-655.
119. Mahadevan D. and von Hoff D.D. (2007). Tumor-stroma interactions in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Mol. Cancer Ther. 6, 1186-1197.
120. Mak K., Manji A., Gallant-Behm, C., Wiebe C., Hart D.A., Larjava H. and Häkkinen L. (2009). Scarless healing of oral mucosa is characterized by faster resolution of inflammation and control of myofibroblast action compared to skin wounds in the red Duroc pig model. J. Dermatol. Sci. 56, 168-180.
121. McAllister S.S. and Weinberg R.A. (2014). The tumour-induced systemic environment as a critical regulator of cancer progression and metastasis. Nat. Cell Biol. 16, 717-727.
122. Marcucci F., Bellone M., Caserta C.A. and Corti A. (2014). Pushing tumor cells towards a malignant phenotype: stimuli from the microenvironment, intercellular communications and alternative roads. Int. J. Cancer 135, 1265-1276.
123. Martin F.T., Dwyer R.M., Kelly J., Khan S., Murphy J.M., Curran C., Miller N., Hennessy E., Dockery P., Barry F.P., O'Brien T and Kerin M.J. (2010). Potential role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the breast tumour microenvironment: stimulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 124, 317- 326.
124. Martínez-Bosch N., Fernández-Barrena M.G., Moreno M., Ortiz-Zapater E., Munné-Collado J., Iglesias M., André S., Gabius H.-J., Hwang R.F., Poirier F., Navas C., Guerra C., Fernández-Zapico M.E. and Navarro P. (2014). Galectin-1 drives pancreatic carcinogenesis through stroma remodeling and hedgehog signaling activation. Cancer Res. 4, 3512-3524.
125. Matsumoto N., Katoh S., Yanagi S., Arimura Y., Tokojima M., Ueno M., Hirashima M. and Nakazato M. (2013). A possible role of galectin-9 in the pulmonary fibrosis of patients with interstitial pneumonia. Lung 191, 191-198.
126. Mbeunkui F. and Johann D.J. Jr (2009). Cancer and the tumor microenvironment: a review of an essential relationship. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 63, 571-582.
127. Mifková A., Kodet O., Szabo P., Kučera J., Dvořánková B., André S., Koripelly G., Gabius H.-J., Lehn J.-M. and Smetana K. Jr (2014). Synthetic polyamine BPA-C8 inhibits TGF-β1-mediated conversion of human dermal fibroblast to myofibroblasts and establishment of galectin-1-rich extracellular matrix in vitro. ChemBioChem 15, 1465- 1470.
128. Mimeault M. and Batra S.K. (2006). Concise review: recent advances on the significance of stem cells in tissue regeneration and cancer therapies. Stem Cells 24, 2319-2345.
129. Mintz B. and Illmensee, K. (1975). Normal genetically mosaic mice produced from malignant teratocarcinoma cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72, 3585-3589.
130. Mironov V., Visconti R.P., Markwald R.R. (2004). What is regenerative medicine? Emergence of applied stemcell and developmental biology. Exp. Opin. Biol. Ther. 4, 773-781.
131. Mishra P.J., Mishra P.J., Humeniuk R., Medina D.J., Alexe G., Mesirov J.P., Ganesan S., Glod J.W. and Banerjee D. (2008). Carcinomaassociated fibroblast-like differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Cancer Res. 68, 4331-4339.
132. Moisa A., Fritz P., Eck A., Wehner H.D., Mürdter T., Simon W. and Gabius H.-J. (2007). Growth/adhesion-regulatory tissue lectin galectin-3: stromal presence but not cytoplasmic/nuclear expression in tumor cells as a negative prognostic factor in breast cancer. Anticancer Res. 27, 2131-2139.
133. Motlík J., Klíma J., Dvoránková B. and Smetana K. Jr (2007). Porcine epidermal stem cells as a biomedical model for wound healing and normal/malignant epithelial cell propagation. Theriogenology 67, 105-111.
134. Mueller L., Goumas F.A., Affeldt M., Sandtner S., Gehling U.M., Brilloff S., Walter J., Karnatz N., Lamszus K., Rogiers X. and Broering D.C. (2007). Stromal fibroblasts in colorectal liver metastases originate from resident fibroblasts and generatean inflammatory microenvironment. Am. J. Pathol. 171, 1608-1618.
135. Murphy P.V., André S. and Gabius H.-J. (2013). The third dimension of reading the sugar code by lectins: design of glycoclusters with cyclic scaffolds as tools with the aim to define correlations between spatial presentation and activity. Molecules 18, 4026-4053.
136. Nishi Y., Sano H., Kawashima T., Okada T., Kuroda T., Kikkawa K., Kawashima S., Tanabe M., Goto T., Matsuzawa Y., Matsumura R., Tomioka H., Liu F.-T. and Shirai K. (2007). Role of galectin-3 in human pulmonary fibrosis. Allergol. Int. 56, 57-65.
137. Nishimura K., Semba S., Aoyagi K., Sasaki H. and Yokozaki H. (2012). Mesenchymal stem cells provide an advantageous tumor microenvironment for the restoration of cancer stem cells. Pathobiology 79, 290-306.
138. Oezdemir B.C., Pentcheva-Hoang T., Carstens J.L., Zheng X., Wu C.C., Simpson T.R., Laklai H., Sugimoto H., Kahlert C., Novitskiy S.V., De Jesus-Acosta A., Sharma P., Heidari P., Mahmood U., Chin L., Moses H.L., Weaver V.M., Maitra A., Allison J.P., LeBleu V.S. and Kalluri R. (2014). Depletion of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and fibrosis induces immunosuppression and accelerates pancreas cancer with reduced survival. Cancer Cell 25, 719-734.
139. Orimo A., Gupta P.B., Sgroi D.C., Arenzana-Seisdedos F., Delaunay T., Naeem R., Carey V.J., Richardson A.L. and Weinberg R.A. (2005). Stromal fibroblasts present in invasive human breast carcinomas promote tumor growth and angiogenesis through elevated SDF- 1/CXCL12 secretion. Cell 121, 335-348.
140. Orlichenko L.S. and Radisky D.C. (2008). Matrix metalloproteinases stimulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition during tumor development. Clin. Exp. Metastasis 25, 593-600.
141. Owens T.W. and Naylor M.J. (2013). Breast cancer stem cells. Front. Physiol. 4, 225.
142. Pace K.E. and Baum L.G. (1997). Induction of T lymphocyte apoptosis: a novel function of galectin-1. Trends Glycosci. Glycotechnol. 9, 21- 29.
143. Park J.E., Chang W.Y. and Cho M. (2009). Induction of matrix metalloproteinase-9 by galectin-7 through p38 MAPK signaling in HeLa human cervical epithelial adenocarcinoma cells. Oncol. Rep. 22, 1373-1379.
144. Papaspyridonos M., McNeill E., de Bono J.P., Smith A., Burnand K.G., Channon K.M. and Greaves D.R. (2008). Galectin-3 is an amplifier of inflammation in atherosclerotic plaque progression through macrophage activation and monocyte chemoattraction. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 28, 433-440.
145. Patsos G. and Corfield A. (2009). O-Glycosylation: structural diversity and functions. In: The sugar code. Fundamentals of glycosciences. Gabius H.-J. (ed). Wiley-VCH. Weinheim. pp 111-137.
146. Patsos G., André S., Roeckel N., Gromes R., Gebert J., Kopitz J. and Gabius H.-J. (2009). Compensation of loss of protein function in microsatellite-unstable colon cancer cells (HCT116): a genedependent effect on the cell surface glycan profile. Glycobiology 19, 726-734.
147. Peplow P.V. and Chatterjee M.P (2013). A review of the influence of growth factors and cytokines in in vitro human keratinocyte migration. Cytokine 62, 1-21.
148. Percec V., Leowanawat P., Sun H.J., Kulikov O., Nusbaum C.D., Tran T.M., Bertin A., Wilson D.A., Peterca M., Zhang S., Kamat N.P., Vargo K., Moock D., Johnston E.D., Hammer D.A., Pochan D.J., Chen Y., Chabre Y.M., Shiao T.C., Bergeron-Brlek M., André S., Roy R., Gabius H.-J. and Heiney P.A. (2013). Modular synthesis of amphiphilic Janus glycodendrimers and their self-assembly into glycodendrimersomes and other complex architectures with bioactivity to biomedically relevant lectins. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 9055-9077.
149. Perželová V., Varinská L., Dvořánková B., Szabo P., Spurný P., Valach J., Mojžiš J., André S., Gabius H.-J., Smetana K. Jr and Gál P. (2014). Extracellular matrix of galectin-1-exposed dermal and tumorassociated fibroblasts favors growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro: a short report. Anticancer Res. 34, 3991- 3996.
150. Petersen O.W., Lind Nielsen H., Gudjonsson T.,Villadsen R., Rank F., Niebuhr E., Bissell M.J. and Rønnov-Jessen L. (2003). Epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer can provide a nonmalignant stroma. Am. J. Pathol. 162, 391-402.
151. Plzák J., Lacina L., Chovanec M., Dvoránková B., Szabo P., Cada Z. and Smetana K. Jr (2010). Epithelial-stromal interaction in squamous cell epithelium-derived tumors: an important new player in the control of tumor biological properties. Anticancer Res. 30, 455-462.
152. Pointer K.B., Clark P.A., Zorniak, M., Alrfaei B.M. and Kuo J.S. (2014). Glioblastoma cancer stem cells: biomarker and therapeutic advances. Neurochem. Int. (in press).
153. Quattroni P., Li Y., Lucchesi D., Lucas S., Hood D.W., Herrmann M., Gabius H.-J., Tang C.M. and Exley R.M. (2012). Galectin-3 binds Neisseria meningitidis and increases interaction with phagocytic cells. Cell. Microbiol. 14, 1657-1675.
154. Reinke J.M. and Sorg H. (2012). Wound repair and regeneration. Eur. Surg. Res. 49, 35-43.
155. Remmelink M., de Leval L., Decaestecker C., Duray A., Crompot E., Sirtaine N., André S., Kaltner H., Leroy X., Gabius H.-J. and Saussez S. (2011). Quantitative immunohistochemical fingerprinting of adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins in salivary gland tumours: divergent profiles with diagnostic potential. Histopathology 58, 543- 556.
156. Rhim A.D., Oberstein P.E., Thomas D.H., Mirek E.T., Palermo C.F., Sastra S.A., Dekleva E.N., Saunders T., Becerra C.P., Tattersall I.W., Westphalen C.B., Kitajewski J., Fernandez-Barrena M.G., Fernandez-Zapico M.E., Iacobuzio-Donahue C., Olive K.P. and Stanger B.Z. (2014). Stromal elements act to restrain, rather than support, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell 25, 735- 747.
157. Ruiz F.M., Scholz B.A., Buzamet E., Kopitz J., André S., Menéndez M., Romero A., Solís D. and Gabius H.-J. (2014). Natural single amino acid polymorphism (F19Y) in human galectin-8: detection of structural alterations and increased growth-regulatory activity on tumor cells. FEBS J. 281, 1446-1464.
158. Rybinski B., Franco-Barraza J. and Cukierman E. (2014). The wound healing, chronic fibrosis, and cancer progression triad. Physiol. Genomics 46, 223-244.
159. Sanchez-Ruderisch H., Fischer C., Detjen K.M., Welzel M., Wimmel A., Manning J.C., André S. and Gabius H.-J. (2010). Tumor suppressor p16INK4a: downregulation of galectin-3, an endogenous competitor of the pro-anoikis effector galectin-1, in a pancreatic arcinoma model. FEBS J. 277, 3552-3563.
160. Sanchez-Ruderisch H., Detjen K.M., Welzel M., André S., Fischer C., Gabius H.-J. and Rosewicz S. (2011). Galectin-1 sensitizes carcinoma cells to anoikis via the fibronectin receptor α5β1-integrin. Cell Death Differ. 18, 806-816.
161. Saravanan C., Cao Z., Head S.R. and Panjwani N. (2010). Analysis of differential expression of glycosyltransferases in healing corneas by glycogene microarrays. Glycobiology 20, 13-23.
162. Saussez S., Cludts S., Capouillez A., Mortuaire G., Smetana K. Jr, Kaltner H., André S., Leroy X., Gabius H.-J. and Decaestecker, C. (2009). Identification of matrix metalloproteinase-9 as an independent prognostic marker in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer with opposite correlations to adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins-1 and -7. Int. J. Oncol. 34, 433-439.
163. Saussez S., de Leval L., Decaestecker C., Sirtaine N., Cludts S., Duray A., Chevalier D., André S., Gabius H.-J., Remmelink M. and Leroy X. (2010). Galectin fingerprinting in Warthin's tumors: lectin-based approach to trace its origin? Histol. Histopathol. 25, 541-550.
164. Schwartz-Albiez R. (2009). Inflammation and glycosciences. In: The sugar code. Fundamentals of glycosciences. Gabius H.-J. (ed). Wiley-VCH. Weinheim. pp 133-162.
165. Sell S. (2010). On the stem cell origin of cancer. Am. J. Pathol. 176, 1- 11.
166. Shakhova O. (2014). Neural crest stem cells in melanoma development. Curr. Opin. Oncol. 26, 215-221.
167. Sharma U.C., Pokharel S., van Brakel T.J., van Berlo J.H., Cleutjens J.P., Schroen B., André S., Crijns H.J., Gabius H.-J., Maessen J. and Pinto Y.M. (2004). Galectin-3 marks activated macrophages in failure-prone hypertrophied hearts and contributes to cardiac dysfunction. Circulation 110, 3121-3128.
168. Sideras K., Braat H., Kwekkeboom J., van Eijck C.H., Peppelenbosch M.P., Sleijfer S. and Bruno M. (2014). Role of the immune system in pancreatic cancer progression and immune modulating treatment strategies. Cancer Treat. Rev. 40, 513-522.
169. Sieber-Blum M., Grim M., Hu Y.F. and Szeder V. (2004). Pluripotent neural crest stem cells in the adult hair follicle. Dev. Dynam. 231, 258-269.
170. Singh S. and Chellappan S. (2014). Lung cancer stem cells: molecular features and therapeutic targets. Mol. Asp. Med. 39, 50-60.
171. Smetana K. Jr, Dvořánková B. and Lacina L. (2013a). Phylogeny, regeneration, ageing and cancer: role of microenvironment and possibility of its therapeutic manipulation. Folia Biol. 59, 207-216.
172. Smetana K. Jr, André S., Kaltner H., Kopitz J. and Gabius H.-J. (2013b). Context-dependent multifunctionality of galectin-1: a challenge for defining the lectin as therapeutic target. Exp. Opin. Ther. Targets 17, 379-392.
173. Sneddon J.B., Zhen H.H., Montgomery K., van de Rijn M., Tward A.D., West R., Gladstone H., Chang H.Y., Morganroth G.S., Oro A.E. and Brown P.O. (2006). Bone morphogenetic protein antagonist gremlin 1 is widely expressed by cancer-associated stromal cells and can promote tumor cell proliferation. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 103, 14842-14847.
174. Solís D., Bovin N.V., Davis A.P., Jiménez-Barbero J., Romero A., Roy R., Smetana K. Jr and Gabius H.-J. (2014). A guide into glycosciences: how chemistry, biochemistry and biology cooperate to crack the sugar code. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (in press).
175. Solter D. (2006). From teratocarcinomas to embryonic stem cells and beyond: a history of embryonic stem cell research. Nat. Rev. Genet. 7, 319-327.
176. Stechly L., Morelle W., Dessein A.F., André S., Grard G., Trinel D., Dejonghe M.J., Leteurtre E., Drobecq H., Trugnan G., Gabius H.-J. and Huet G. (2009). Galectin-4-regulated delivery of glycoproteins to the brush border membrane of enterocyte-like cells. Traffic 10, 438- 450.
177. Strnad H., Lacina L., Kolář M., Čada Z., Vlček Č., Dvořánková B., Betka J., Plzák J., Chovanec M., Šáchová J., Valach J., Urbanová M. and Smetana K. Jr (2010). Head and neck squamous cancer fibroblasts produce growth factors influencing phenotype of normal human keratinocytes. Histochem. Cell Biol. 133, 201-211.
178. Stromnes I.M., DelGiorno K.E., Greenberg P.D. and Hingorani S.R. (2014). Stromal reengineering to treat pancreas cancer. Carcinogenesis 35, 1451-1460.
179. Stuelten C.H., DaCosta Byfield S., Arany P.R., Karpova T.S, Stetler- Stevenson W.G. and Roberts A.B. (2005). Breast cancer cells induce stromal fibroblasts to express MMP-9 via secretion of TNF-α and TGF-β. J. Cell Sci.118, 2143-2153.
180. Szabo P., Kolář M., Dvořánková B., Lacina L., Štork J., Vlček Č., Strnad H., Tvrdek M. and Smetana K. Jr (2011). Mouse 3T3 fibroblasts under the influence of fibroblasts isolated from stroma of human basal cell carcinoma acquire properties of multipotent stem cells. Biol. Cell 103, 233-248.
181. Szabo P.,Valach J., Smetana K. Jr, and Dvořánková B. (2013). Comparative analysis of production of IL-8 and CXCL-1 by normal and cancer stromal fibroblasts. Folia Biol. 59, 134-147.
182. Szebeni G.J., Kriston-Pál É., Blazsó P., Katona R.L., Novák J., Szabó E., Czibula Á., Fajka-Boja R., Hegyi B., Uher F., Krenács L., Joó G. and Monostori É. (2012). Identification of galectin-1 as a critical factor in function of mouse mesenchymal stromal cell-mediated tumor promotion. PLoS One 7, e41372.
183. Taddei M.L., Giannoni E., Comito G. and Chiarugi P. (2013). Microenvironment and tumor cell plasticity: an easy way out. Cancer Lett. 341, 80-96.
184. Teichberg V.I., Silman I., Beitsch D.D. and Resheff G. (1975). A β-Dgalactoside binding protein from electric organ tissue of Electrophorus electricus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72, 1383-1387.
185. Tilman G., Mattiussi M., Brasseur F., van Baren N. and Decottignies A. (2007). Human periostin gene expression in normal tissues, tumors and melanoma: evidences for periostin production by both stromal and melanoma cells. Mol. Cancer 6, 80.
186. Tímár J., Lapis K., Dudás J., Sebestyén A., Kopper L. and Kovalszky I. (2002). Proteoglycans and tumor progression: Janus-faced molecules with contradictory functions in cancer. Semin. Cancer Biol. 12, 173-186.
187. Timoshenko A.V., Kaltner H., André S., Gabius H.-J. and Lala P.K. (2010). Differential stimulation of VEGF-C production by adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins and plant lectins in human breast cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 30, 4829-4833.
188. Toegel S., Bieder D., André S., Kayser K., Walzer S.M., Hobusch G., Windhager R. and Gabius H.-J. (2014). Human osteoarthritic knee cartilage: fingerprinting of adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins in vitro and in situ indicates differential upregulation in severe degeneration. Histochem. Cell Biol. 142, 373-388.
189. Valach J., Fík Z, Strnad H., Chovanec M., Plzák J., Čada Z., Szabo P., Šáchová J., Hroudová M., Urbanová M., Šteffl M., Pačes J., Mazánek J., Vlček Č., Betka J., Kaltner H., André S., Gabius H.-J., Kodet R., Smetana K. Jr, Gál P. and Kolář M. (2012). Smooth muscle actin-expressing stromal fibroblasts in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: increased expression of galectin-1 and induction of poor-prognosis factors. Int. J. Cancer 131, 2499-2508.
190. van Beurden H.E, Von den Hoff J.W., Torensma R., Maltha J.C. and Kuijpers-Jagtman A.M. (2005) Myofibroblasts in palatal wound healing: prospects for the reduction of wound contraction after cleft palate repair. J. Dent. Res. 84, 871-880.
191. van de Wouwer M., André S., Gabius H.-J. and Villalobo A. (2011). Nitric oxide changes distinct aspects of the glycophenotype of human neuroblastoma NB69 cells. Nitric Oxide 24, 91-101.
192. van Obberghen-Schilling E., Tucker R.P., Saupe F., Gasser I., Cseh B. and Orend G. (2011). Fibronectin and tenascin-C: accomplices in vascular morphogenesis during development and tumor growth. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 55, 511-525.
193. Velasco S., Díez-Revuelta N., Hernández-Iglesias T., Kaltner H., André S., Gabius H.-J. and Abad-Rodríguez J. (2013). Neuronal Galectin-4 is required for axon growth and for the organization of axonal membrane L1 delivery and clustering. J. Neurochem. 125, 49-62.
194. Villalobo A., Nogales-González A. and Gabius H.-J. (2006). A guide to signaling pathways connecting protein-glycan interaction with the emerging versatile effector functionality of mammalian lectins. Trends Glycosci. Glycotechnol. 18, 1-37.
195. Wang L., Friess H., Zhu Z., Frigeri L., Zimmermann A., Korc M., Berberat P.O. and Büchler M.W. (2000). Galectin-1 and galectin-3 in chronic pancreatitis.Lab. Invest. 80, 1233-1241.
196. Watt F.M. and Hogan B.L.M (2000). Out of eden: stem cells and their niches. Science 287, 1427-1430.
197. Wang J., Lu Z.-H., Gabius H.-J., Rohowsky-Kochan C., Ledeen R.W. and Wu G. (2009). Cross-linking of GM1 ganglioside by galectin-1 mediates regulatory T cell activity involving TRPC5 channel activation: possible role in suppressing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 182, 4036-4045.
198. Werner S., Krieg T. and Smola H. (2007). Keratinocyte-fibroblast interactions in wound healing. J. Invest. Dermatol. 127, 998-1008.
199. Wu M.-H., Hong T.-M., Cheng H.-W., Pan S.-H., Liang Y.-R., Hong H.- C., Chiang W.-F., Wong T.-Y., Shieh D.-B., Shiau A.-L., Jin Y.-T. and Chen Y.L. (2009). Galectin-1-mediated tumor invasion and metastasis, up-regulated matrix metalloproteinase expression, and reorganized actin cytoskeletons. Mol. Cancer Res. 7, 311- 318.
200. Wu G., Lu Z.-H., Gabius H.-J., Ledeen R.W. and Bleich D. (2011a). Ganglioside GM1 deficiency in effector T cells from NOD mice induces resistance to regulatory T-cell suppression. Diabetes 60, 2341-2349.
201. Wu M.-H., Hong H.-C., Hong T.-M., Chiang W.-F., Jin Y.-T. and Chen Y.-L. (2011b). Targeting galectin-1 in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis by downregulating MCP-1/CCL2 expression. Clin. Cancer Res. 17, 1306-1316.
202. Yabuta C., Yano F., Fujii A., Shearer T.R. and Azuma M. (2014). Galectin-3 enhances epithelial cell adhesion and wound healing in rat cornea. Ophthalmic Res. 51, 96-103.
203. Yamanaka S., Li J., Kania G., Elliott S., Wersto R.P., van Eyk J., Wobus A.M. and Boheler K.R. (2008). Cell Tissue Res. 331, 5-22.
204. Zhang Z., Filho M.S. and Nör J.E. (2012). The biology of head and neck cancer stem cells. Oral Oncol. 48, 1-9.
205. Zhang S., Moussodia R.O., Sun H.J., Leowanawat P., Muncan A., Nusbaum C.D., Chelling K.M., Heiney P.A., Klein M.L., André S., Roy R., Gabius H.-J. and Percec V. (2014). Mimicking biological membranes with programmable glycan ligands self-assembled from amphiphilic Janus glycodendrimers. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 53, 10899-10903.
206. Zuber C. and Roth J. (2009). N-Glycosylation. In: The sugar code. Fundamentals of glycosciences. Gabius H.-J. (ed). Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. pp 87-110.