Recent trends in biological extraction of chitin from marine shell wastes: A review

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology

Volumn 35, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 44-61

  Kaur, Surinder ^a   Dhillon, Gurpreet Singh ^b,c  

^a BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY   (India)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^c CENTRE EAU TERRE ENVIRONNEMENT   (Canada)

Author keywords

Biological extraction; Chemical extraction; Chitin; Chitosan; Crustacean shells; Marine processing wastes

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL ROBOTS; BIOPOLYMERS; CHITIN; CHITOSAN; DETERIORATION; EXTRACTION; INDICATORS (CHEMICAL); SHELLS (STRUCTURES);

CHEMICAL EXTRACTIONS; CRUSTACEAN SHELLS; ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH; ENVIRONMENTAL SECTOR; FERMENTATION PROCESS; OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; PROCESSING WASTES;

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT;

CHITIN; CHITOSAN; SOLVENT; WASTE;

ANIMAL SHELL; CRUSTACEA; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE; EXTRACTION; FERMENTATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROCESS OPTIMIZATION; REVIEW; WASTE; ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; FOOD INDUSTRY; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; METABOLISM;

CRUSTACEA;

ANIMAL SHELLS; ANIMALS; CHITIN; CRUSTACEA; FERMENTATION; FOOD-PROCESSING INDUSTRY; WASTE PRODUCTS;

EID: 84923340570     PISSN: 07388551     EISSN: 15497801     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.798256     Document Type: Review

References (100)

1. Adour L, Arbia W, Amrane A, Mameri N. (2008). Combined use of waste materials-recovery of chitin from shrimp shells by lactic acid fermentation supplemented with date juice waste or glucose. J Chem Technol Biotechnol, 83, 1664-9.
2. Aiba S. (1992). Studies on chitosan: 4. Lysozymic hydrolysis of partially N-acetylated chitosans. Int J Biol Macromol, 14, 225-8.
3. Ali NE-H, Hmidet N, Ghorbel-Bellaaj O, et al. (2011). Solvent-stable digestive alkaline proteinases from striped seabream (Lithognathus mormyrus) Viscera: characteristics, application in the deproteinization of shrimp waste, and evaluation in laundry commercial detergents. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 164, 1096-110.
4. Aytekin O, Elibol M. (2010). Cocultivation of Lactococcus lactis and Teredinobacter turnirae for biological chitin extraction from prawn waste. Bioprocess Biosys Eng, 33, 393-9.
5. Bajaj M, Winter J, Gallert C. (2011). Effect of deproteination and decalcification conditions on viscosity of chitin and chitosan extracted from Crangon crangon. Biochem Eng J, 56, 51-62.
6. Bautista J, Jover M, Guttierrez JF, et al. (2001). Preparation of crayfish chitin by in situ lactic acid production. Process Biochem, 37, 229-34.
7. Bhaskar N, Suresh PV, Sakhar PZ, Sachindra NM. (2007). Shrimp biowaste fermentation with Pediococcus acidolactici CFR2182: optimization of fermentation conditions by response surface methodology and effect of optimized conditions on deproteinization/demineralization and carotenoid recovery. Enzyme Microb Technol, 40, 1427-34.
8. Cauchie HM. (2002). Chitin production by arthropods in the hydrosphere. Hydrobiologia, 470, 63-96.
9. Chen HC, Phang KA, Wu SD, Mau WJ. (2001). Isolation of chitin from shrimp shells deproteinized by Candida parapsilosis CCRC 20515. Food Sci Agric Chem, 3, 114-20.
10. Cho YI, No HK, Meyers SP. (1998). Physicochemical characteristics and functional properties of various commercial chitin and chitosan products. J Agric Food Chem, 46, 3839-43.
11. Choorit W, Patthanamanee W, Manurakchinakorn S. (2008). Use of response surface method for the determination of demineralization efficiency in fermented shrimp shells. Bioresour Technol, 99, 6168-73.
12. Cremades O, Ponce E, Corpas R, et al. (2001). Processing of crawfish (Procambarus clarkia) for the preparation of carotenoproteins and chitin. J Agric Food Chem, 49, 5468-72.
13. Crini G, Guibal E, Morcellet M, et al. (2009). Chitine et chitosane. Préparation, propriétés et principales applications. In: Crini G, Badot P-M, Guibal E, eds. chitine et chitosane. Du biopolymère à l'application. 1st ed. France: Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté, 19-54.
14. Dapkevicius MDLE, Batista I, Nout MJR, et al. (1998). Lipid and protein changes during ensilage of blue whiting (Micromesistius pooutassou risso) by acid and biological methods. Food Chem, 63, 147-52.
15. Das S, Ganesh EA. (2010). Extraction of chitin from trash crabs (Podophthalmus vigil) by an eccentric method. Current Res J Biol Sci, 2, 72-5.
16. Dhillon GS, Brar SK, Tyagi RD. (2011). Apple pomace ultrafiltration sludge-a novel substrate for fungal bioproduction of citric acid: optimization studies. Food Chem, 128, 864-71.
17. Dhillon GS, Kaur S, Brar SK, Verma M. (2012). Green synthesis approach: extraction of chitosan from fungus mycelium. Crit Rev Biotechnol [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.3109/ 07388551.2012.717217.
18. Dung PL, Milas M, Rinaudo M, Desbrieres J. (1994). Water soluble derivatives obtained by controlled chemical modifications of chitosan. Carbohydr Polym, 24, 209-14.
19. Eiteman MA, Lee SA, Altman R, Altman E. (2009). A substrateselective co-fermentation strategy with Escherichia coli produces lactate by simultaneously consuming xylose and glucose. Biotechnol Bioeng, 102, 822-7.
20. Fagbenro OA. (1996). Preparation, properties and preservation of lactic acid fermented shrimp heads. Food Res Int, 29, 595-9.
21. Gagne N, Simpson BK. (1993). Use of proteolytic enzymes to facilitate the recovery of chitin from shrimp wastes. Food Biotechnol, 7, 253-63.
22. Ghorbel-Bellaaj O, Jellouli K, Younes I, et al. (2011). A solvent-stable metalloprotease produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa A2 grown on shrimp shell waste and its application in chitin extraction. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 164, 410-25.
23. Gimeno M, Ramirez-Hernandez JY, Mártinez-Ibarra C, et al. (2007). One-solvent extraction of astaxanthin from lactic acid fermented shrimp wastes. J Agric Food Chem, 55, 10345-50.
24. Haddar A, Hmidet N, Ghorbel-Bellaaj O, et al. (2011). Alkaline proteases produced by Bacillus licheniformis RP1 grown on shrimp wastes: application in chitin extraction, chicken feather-degradation and as a dehairing agent. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng, 16, 669-78.
25. Hall GM, De Silva S. (1994a). Shrimp waste ensilation. Info Fish Int, 2, 27-30.
26. Hall GM, De Silva S. (1994b). Recovery of chitin. Biotechnology, 8, 633-8.
27. Healy M, Green A, Healy A. (2003). Bioprocessing of marine crustacean shell waste. Acta Biotechnol, 23, 151-60.
28. Healy MG, Romo CR, Bustos R. (1994). Bioconversion of marine crustacean shell waste. Resour Conserv Recyc, 11, 139-47.
29. Hobel CFV. (2004). Access to biodiversity and new genes from thermophiles by special enrichment methods, PhD thesis, University of Iceland.
30. Horton D, Lineback DR. (1965). N-deacetylation, chitosan from chitin. In: Whistler RL, Wolfson ML, eds. Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry. New York, NY: Academic Press, 403.
31. Islam MS, Khan S, Tanaka M. (2004). Waste loading in shrimp and fish processing effluents: potential source of hazards to the coastal and near shore environments. Mar Pollut Bull, 49, 103-10.
32. Jellouli K, Bayoudh A, Manni L, et al. (2008). Purification, biochemical and molecular characterization of a metalloprotease from Pseudomonas aeruginosa MN7 grown on shrimp wastes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 79, 989-99.
33. Jo GH, Jung WJ, Kuk JH, et al. (2008). Screening of proteaseproducing Serratia marcescens FS-3 and its application to deproteinization of crab shell waste for chitin extraction. Carbohydr Polym, 74, 504-8.
34. Jo GH, Park RD, Jung WJ. (2010). Enzymatic production of chitin from crustacean shell waste. In: Se-Kwon Kim, ed. Chitin Chitosan, Oligosaccharides and their Derivatives: Biological Activities and Applications. Boca Raton, London, New York: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, 37-45.
35. Jung WJ, Kuk JH, Kim KY, Park RD. (2005a). Demineralization of red crab shell waste by lactic acid fermentation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 67, 851-4.
36. Jung WJ, Jo GH, Kuk JH, et al. (2005b). Demineralization of crab shells by chemical and biological treatments. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng, 10, 67-72.
37. Jung WJ, Jo GH, Kuk JH, et al. (2006). Extraction of chitin from red crab shell waste by cofermentation with Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans KCTC-3074 and Serratia marcescens FS-3. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 71, 234-7.
38. Jung WJ, Jo GH, Kuk JH, et al. (2007). Production of chitin from red crab shell waste by successive fermentation with Lactobacillus paracasei KCTC-3074 and Serratia marcescens FS-3. Carbohydr Polym, 68, 746-50.
39. Kalisz HM. (1988). Microbial proteinases. In: Fiechter A, ed. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 36:1-65.
40. Karbalaei-Heidari HR, Ziaee AA, Amoozegar MA. (2007). Purification and biochemical characterization of a protease secreted by the Salinivibrio sp. strain AF-2004 and its behavior in organic solvents. Extremophiles, 11, 237-43.
41. Kaur S, Dhillon GS. (2013). The versatile biopolymer chitosan: potential sources, evaluation of extraction methods and applications. Crit Rev Microbiol [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.3109/ 1040841X.2013.770385.
42. Khanafari R, Sanatei M-Sh. (2008). Recovery of chitin and chitosan from shrimp waste by chemical and microbial methods. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng, 5, 19-24.
43. Khorrami M, Najafpour GD, Younesi H, Amini GH. (2011). Growth kinetics and demineralization of shrimp shell using Lactobacillus plantarum PTCC 1058 on various carbon sources. Iran J Ener Environ, 2, 320-5.
44. Kjartansson GT, Zivanovic S, Kristberg K, Weiss J. (2006). Sonicationassisted extraction of chitin from north Atlantic shrimps (Pandalus borealis). J Agric Food Chem, 54, 5894-902.
45. Kurita K. (2006). Chitin and chitosan: functional biopolymers from marine crustaceans. Mar Biotechnol, 8, 203-26.
46. Legarrenta GI, Zakaria Z, Hall GM. (1996). Lactic fermentation of prawn waste: comparison of commercial and isolated starter culture. In: Domard A, Jeuniaux C, Muzzarelli RAA, et al., eds. Advances in Chitin Science, Vol. 1. Lyon: Jacques Andre, 399-406.
47. Levin RE. (1994). Lactic acid and propionic acid fermentations of fish hydrolyzates. In: Martin AM, ed. Fisheries Processing. London: Chapman and Hall, 273-310.
48. Luis CA, Huerta S, Hall GM, Shirai K. (2002). Pilot scale lactic acid fermentation of shrimp wastes for chitin recovery. Proc Biochem, 37, 1359-66.
49. Mahmoud NS, Ghaly AE, Arab F. (2007). Unconventional approach for demineralization of deproteinized crustacean shells for chitin production. Am J Biochem Biotechnol, 3, 1-9.
50. Manni L, Ghorbel-Bellaaj O, Jellouli K, et al. (2010). Extraction and characterization of chitin, chitosan, and protein hydrolysates prepared from shrimp waste by treatment with crude protease from Bacillus cereus SV1. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 162, 345-57.
51. Mathew P, Nair KGR. (2006). Ensilation of shrimp waste by Lactobacillus fermentum. Fish Technol, 43, 59-64.
52. Merzendorfer H, Zimoch L. (2003). Chitin metabolism in insects: structure, function and regulation of chitin synthases and chitinases. J Exp Biol, 206, 4393-412.
53. Mojarrad JS, Nemati N, Valizadeh H, et al. (2007). Preparation of glucosamine from exoskeleton of shrimp and predicting production yield by response surface methodology. J Agric Food Chem, 55, 2246-50.
54. Muzzarelli RAA. (1986). Filmogenic properties of chitin/chitosan. In: Muzzarelli RC, Jeuniaux GW, eds. Chitin in Nature and Technology. New York, NY: Plenum Press, 389-96.
55. No HK, Meyers SP. (1997). Preparation of chitin and chitosan. In: Muzzarelli RAA, Peter MG, eds. Chitin Handbook. Grottammare, Italy: European Chitin Society, 475-89.
56. No HK, Hur EY. (1998). Control of foam formation by antifoam during demineralization of crustacean shell in preparation of chitin. J Agric Food Chem, 46, 3844-6.
57. No HK, Lee KS, Meyers SP. (2000). Correlation between physicochemical characteristics and binding capacities of chitosan products. J Food Sci, 65, 1134-7.
58. Oh YS, Shih IL, Tzeng YM, Wang SL. (2000). Protease produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa K-187 and its application in the deproteinization of shrimp and crab shell wastes. Enzy Microb Technol, 27, 3-10.
59. Oh DC, Kauffman CA, Jensen PR, Fenical W. (2007a). Induced production of emericellamides A and B from the marine-derived fungus Emericella sp. in competing co-culture. J Nat Prod, 70, 515-20.
60. Oh KT, Kim YJ, Nguyen VN, et al. (2007b). Demineralization of crab shell waste by Pseudomonas aeruginosa F722. Proc Biochem, 42, 1069-74.
61. Oh KT, Kim YJ, Nguyen NV, et al. (2008). Effect of crab shell size on bio-demineralization with lactic acid-producing bacterium, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans KCTC-3074. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng, 13, 566-70.
62. Okano K, Tanaka T, Ogino C, Fukuda H, Kondo A. (2010). Biotechnological production of enantiomeric pure lactic acid from renewable resources: recent achievements, perspectives, and limits. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 85, 413-23.
63. Pacheco N, Garnika-Gonzalez M, Ramrez JY, et al. (2009). Effect of temperature on chitin and astaxanthin recoveries from shrimp waste using lactic acid bacteria. Bioresour Technol, 100, 2849-54.
64. Percot A, Viton C, Domard A. (2003). Characterization of shrimp shell deproteinization. Biomacromolecules, 4, 1380-5.
65. Poulicek M, Gaill F, Goffinet G. (1998). Chitin biodegradation in marine environments. ACS Symp Ser, 707, 163-210.
66. Prameela K, Murali Mohan Ch, Hemalatha KPJ. (2010a). Extraction of pharmaceutically important chitin and carotenoids from shrimp biowaste by microbial fermentation method. J Pharm Res, 3, 2393-5.
67. Prameela K, Murali Mohan CH, Smitha PV, Hemalatha KPJ. (2010b). Bioremediation of shrimp biowaste by using natural probiotic for chitin and carotenoid production an alternative method to hazardous chemical method. Int J Appl Biol Pharm Technol, 1, 903-10.
68. Prameela K, Murali Mohan CH, Hemalatha KPJ. (2010c). Bioefficiency of Pediococcus acidilactici (ATCC 8042) for recovery of chitin and carotenoids in the fermentation of shrimp biowaste. Int J ChemTech Res, 2, 1924-8.
69. Raa J, Gildberg A. (1982). Fish silage: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 16, 383-419.
70. Raimbault M. (1998). General and microbiological aspects of solid substrate fermentation. EJB Elec J Biotechnol, 1, 2-15.
71. Ramakrishna SV, Rangaswamy V, Jain D, et al. (2009). Production of polylactic acid (PLA) from renewable feedstocks. US Patent 7,507,561.
72. Rao MB, Tanksale AM, Ghatge MS, Deshopande VV. (1998). Molecular and biotechnological aspects of microbial proteases. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev, 62, 597-635.
73. Rao MS, Munoz J, Stevens WF. (2000). Critical factors in chitin production by fermentation of shrimp biowaste. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 54, 808-13.
74. Rao MS, Stevens WF. (2005). Quality parameters of chitosan derived from fermentation of shrimp biomaterial using a drum reaction. J Chem Technol Biotechnol, 80, 1080-87.
75. Rao MS, Stevens WF. (2006). Fermentation of shrimp biowaste under different salt concentrations with amylolytic and non-amylolytic Lactobacillus strains for chitin production. Food Technol Biotechnol, 44, 83-7.
76. Roble ND, Ogbonna JC, Tanaka H. (2003). L-Lactic acid production from raw cassava starch in a circulating loop bioreactor with cells immobilized in loofa (Luffa cylindrica). Biotechnol Lett, 25, 1093-8.
77. Rødde RH, Einbu A, Varum KM. (2008). A seasonal study of the chemical composition and chitin quality of shrimp shells obtained from northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis). Carbohydr Polym, 71, 388-93.
78. Sandford PA. (1989). Chitosan-commercial uses and potential applications. In: Brack GS, Anthonsen T, Sandford P, eds. Chitin and Chitosan. New York, NY: Elsevier, 51-69.
79. Sandford PA. (2003). Commercial sources of chitin and chitosan and their utilization. In: Varum KM, Domard A, Smidsrod O, eds. Advances in Chitin Sciences, Vol. 6. Trondheim, Norway: NTNU Trondheim, 35.
80. Shahidi F, Synowiecki J. (1991). Isolation and characterization of nutrients and value-added products from snow crab (Chinoecetes opilio) and shrimp (Pandalus borealis) processing discards. J Agric Food Chem, 39, 1527-32.
81. Shirai K. (1999). Utilisation of shrimp wastes for chitin, protein and pigments recovery by microbial route, PhD Thesis. Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico.
82. Shirai K, Guerrero I, Huerta S, et al. (1997). Aspects in protein breakdown during the lactic acid fermentation. In: Domard A, Roberts GAF, Varum KM, eds. Advances in Chitin Science, Vol. II. Lyon: Jaques Andre Publisher, 56-63.
83. Shirai K, Guerrero I, Huerta S, et al. (2001). Effect of initial glucose and inoculation level of lactic acid bacteria in shrimp waste ensilation. Enzy Microb Technol, 28, 446-52.
84. Sini TK, Santhosh S, Mathew PT. (2007). Study on the production of chitin and chitosan from shrimp shell by using Bacillus subtilis fermentation. Carbohydr Res, 342, 2423-9.
85. Sorokulova I, Krumnow A, Globa L, Vodyanoy V. (2009). Efficient decomposition of shrimp shell waste using Bacillus cereus and Exiguobacterium acetylicum. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol, 36, 1123-6.
86. Subasinghe S. (1999). Chitin from shell waste-health benefits overshadowing industrial areas. Info FishInt, 3, 58-65.
87. Synowiecki J, Al-Khateeb NAAQ. (2000). The recovery of protein hydrolysate during enzymatic isolation of chitin from shrimp Crangon crangon processing discards. Food Chem, 68, 147-52.
88. Taniguchi M, Tokunaga T, Horiuchi K, et al. (2004). Production of L-lactic acid from a mixture of xylose and glucose by co-cultivation of lactic acid bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 66, 160-5.
89. Teng WL, Khor E, Tan TK, et al. (2001). Concurrent production of chitin from shrimp shells and fungi. Carbohydr Res, 332, 305-16.
90. Waldeck J, Daum G, Bisping B, Meinhardt F. (2006). Isolation and molecular characterization of chitinase-deficient Bacillus licheniformis strains capable of deproteinization of shrimp shell waste to obtain highly viscous chitin. Appl Environ Microbiol, 72, 7879-85.
91. Wang SL, Chio SH. (1998). Deproteination of shrimp and crab shell with the protease of Pseudomonas aeruginosa K-187. Enzy Microb Technol, 22, 629-33.
92. Wang SL, Kao TY, Wang CL, et al. (2006). A solvent stable metalloprotease produced by Bacillus sp. TKU004 and its application in the deproteinization of squid pen for b-chitin preparation. Enzy Microb Technol, 39, 724-31.
93. Wang SL, Chang TJ, Liang TW. (2010a). Conversion and degradation of shellfish wastes by Serratia sp. TKU016 fermentation for the production of enzymes and bioactive materials. Biodegradation, 213, 321-33.
94. Wang X, Strand SP, Du Y, Varum KM. (2010b). Chitosan-DNA-rectorite nanocomposites: effect of chitosan chain length and glycosylation. Carbohydr Polym, 79, 590-96.
95. Woods B. (1998). Microbiology of fermented foods, Vol. 1. London: Blackie.
96. Xu Y, Gallert C, Winter J. (2008). Chitin purification from shrimp wastes by microbial deproteination and decalcification. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 79, 687-97.
97. Yang JK, Shih IL, Tzeng YM, Wang SL. (2000). Production and purification of protease from a Bacillus subtilis that can deproteinize crustacean wastes. Enzy Microb Technol, 26, 406-13.
98. Zakaria Z, Hall GM, Shama G. (1997). Lactic acid fermentation of scampi waste in a rotating horizontal bioreactor for chitin recovery. Proc Biochem, 33, 1-6.
99. Zakaria Z, Hall M, Shama G. (1998). Lactic acid fermentation of scampi waste in a rotating horizontal bioreactor for chitin recovery. Proc Biochem, 33, 1-6.
100. Zhai X, Hawkins SJ. (2002). Interactions of aquaculture and waste disposal in the coastal zone. J Ocean Univ Qingdao, 1, 8-12.