Alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Experimental and Molecular Pathology

Volumn 97, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 492-510

  Neuman, Manuela G ^a,b   French, Samuel W ^c   French, Barbara A ^c   Seitz, Helmut K ^d   Cohen, Lawrence B ^e   Mueller, Sebastian ^d   Osna, Natalia A ^f   Kharbanda, Kusum K ^f   Seth, Devanshi ^g,h   Bautista, Abraham ⁱ   Thompson, Kyle J ^j   McKillop, Iain H ^j   Kirpich, Irina A ^k   McClain, Craig J ^k,l   Bataller, Ramon ^m,n   Nanau, Radu M ^a   Voiculescu, Mihai ^p   Opris, Mihai ^a,p   Shen, Hong ^c   Tillman, Brittany ^c   Li, Jun ^c   Liu, Hui ^c   Thomes, Paul G ^f   Ganesan, Murali ^f   Malnick, Steve ^o   more..

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c HARBOR UCLA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

^e SUNNYBROOK RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^f UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^g ROYAL PRINCE ALFRED HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^h University of Sydney   (Australia)

ⁱ NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM   (United States)

^j CAROLINAS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^k University of Louisville School of Medicine   (United States)

^l VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^m UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

ⁿ IL   (United States)

^o HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

^p CAROL DAVILA UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY   (Romania)

more..

Author keywords

Alcoholic hepatitis; Alcoholic liver disease; CYP2E1; Hangover; Hepatocarcinogenesis; Human immunodeficiency virus; Immunohistochemistry; Laboratory markers; Mallory Denk bodies; Methylation; Micronutrients; Mitochondrion; Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; Viral hepatitis

Indexed keywords

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ALCOHOL; AMPHETAMINE PLUS DEXAMPHETAMINE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; CARBOHYDRATE DEFICIENT TRANSFERRIN; CYTOCHROME P450 2E1; GAMMA GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; GLYCERYL TRINITRATE; INTERFERON; ISONIAZID; MICRORNA; PARACETAMOL; PROBIOTIC AGENT; S ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE; S ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 3; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TRACE ELEMENT; TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; ZINC;

ADOLESCENCE; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ALCOHOL ABUSE; ALCOHOL LIVER CIRRHOSIS; ALCOHOL LIVER DISEASE; ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; CANCER GROWTH; CHRONIC HEPATITIS; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL RESEARCH; COMORBIDITY; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DNA ADDUCT; DRINKING BEHAVIOR; DRIVER; DRUG ALCOHOL INTERACTION; ENZYME ACTIVATION; ENZYME INDUCTION; FAT INTAKE; FATYLATION; FIBROSIS; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; HANGOVER; HEALTH PRACTITIONER; HEPATIC METHYLATION; HEPATITIS C; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; IMMUNOPATHOLOGY; IRON OVERLOAD; ISRAEL; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; LIVER BIOPSY; LIVER CARCINOGENESIS; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LIVER FIBROSIS; LIVER MITOCHONDRION; MACRONUTRIENT; MALLORY BODY; MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME; MEGAMITOCHONDRION; METHYLATION; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PERISINUSOIDAL FIBROSIS; PERIVENULAR FIBROSIS; PROFESSIONAL DRIVER; PROMOTER REGION; PROTEIN MODIFICATION; QUALITY CONTROL; REVIEW; RNA ANALYSIS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH; UBIQUITINATION; WORK DISABILITY; ANIMAL; FATTY LIVER;

ANIMALS; FATTY LIVER; HUMANS; NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE;

EID: 84909996208     PISSN: 00144800     EISSN: 10960945     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.09.005     Document Type: Review

References (244)

1. Adams L.A., Lymp J.F., St Sauver J., Sanderson S.O., Lindor K.D., Feldstein A., Angulo P. The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based cohort study. Gastroenterology 2005, 129:113-121.
2. Allen J.P., Litten R.Z. The role of laboratory testing in alcoholism treatment. J. Subst. Abus. Treat. 2001, 20:81-85.
3. Allen J.P., Wurst F.M., Thon N., Litten R.Z. Assessing the drinking status of liver transplant patients with alcoholic liver disease. Liver Transpl. 2013, 19:369-376.
4. Altamirano J., Bataller R. Alcoholic liver disease: pathogenesis and new targets for therapy. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2011, 8:491-501.
5. Altamirano J., Miquel R., Katoonizadeh A., Abraldes J.G., Duarte-Rojo A., Louvet A., Augustin S., Mookerjee R.P., Michelena J., Smyrk T.C., Buob D., Leteurtre E., Rincón D., Ruiz P., García-Pagán J.C., Guerrero-Marquez C., Jones P.D., Barritt A.S., Arroyo V., Bruguera M., Bañares R., Ginès P., Caballería J., Roskams T., Nevens F., Jalan R., Mathurin P., Shah V.H., Bataller R. A histologic scoring system for prognosis of patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Gastroenterology 2014, 146:1231-1239.
6. Amidi F., French B.A., Chung D., Halsted C.H., Medici V., French S.U. M30 and 4HNE are sequestered in different aggresomes in the same hepatocytes. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 2007, 83:296-300.
7. Anderson P., Cremona A., Paton A., Turner C., Wallace P. The risk of alcohol. Addiction 1993, 88:1493-1508.
8. Angulo P., Keach J.C., Batts K.P., Lindor K.D. Independent predictors of liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology (Baltim Md.) 1999, 30:1356-1362.
9. Anton R.F., Lieber C., Tabakoff B. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyltransferase for the detection and monitoring of alcohol use: results from a multisite study. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2002, 26:1215-1222.
10. Ascha M.S., Hanouneh I.A., Lopez R., Tamimi T.A.-R., Feldstein A.F., Zein N.N. The incidence and risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2010, 51:1972-1978.
11. Bala S., Marcos M., Szabo G. Emerging role of microRNAs in liver diseases. World J. Gastroenterol. 2009, 155:5633-5640.
12. Bautista A.P. Free radicals, chemokines, and cell injury in HIV-1 and SIV infections and alcoholic hepatitis. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2001, 31:1527-1532.
13. Becker U., Grønbæk M., Johansen D., Sørensen T.I.A. Lower risk for alcohol-induced cirrhosis in wine drinkers. Hepatology 2002, 35:868-875. 10.1053/jhep.2002.32101.
14. Bellentani S., Scaglioni F., Marino M., Bedogni G. Epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig. Dis. (Basel Switz.) 2010, 28:155-161.
15. Benhamou J.P. Drug-induced hepatitis: clinical aspects. Hepatotoxicity of Drugs 1986, 23-30. University de Rouen, Rouen. J.P. Fillastre (Ed.).
16. Bennett J.B., Patterson C.R., Reynolds G.S., Wiitala W.L., Lehman W.E. Team awareness, problem drinking, and drinking climate: workplace social health promotion in a policy context. Am. J. Health Promot. 2004, 19:103-113.
17. Beymer C., Kowdley K.V., Larson A., Edmonson P., Dellinger E.P., Flum D.R. Prevalence and predictors of asymptomatic liver disease in patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery. Arch. Surg. 2003, 138:1240-1244.
18. Birschbach H.R., Harinasuta U., Zimmerman H.J. Alcoholic steatonecrosis. II. Prospective study of prevalence of Mallory bodies in biopsy specimens and comparison of severity of hepatic disease in patients with and without this histologic feature. Gastroenterology 1974, 66:1195-1202.
19. Blasbalg T.L., Hibbeln J.R., Ramsden C.E., Majchrzak S.F., Rawlings R.R. Changes in consumption of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in the United States during the 20th century. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2011, 93:950-962.
20. Blaut M., Collins M.D., Welling G.W., Doré J., van Loo J., de Vos W. Molecular biological methods for studying the gut microbiota: the EU human gut flora project. Br. J. Nutr. 2002, 87:S203-S211.
21. Bobak M., Room R., Pikhart H., Kubinova R., Malyutina S., Pajak A., Kurilovitch S., Topor R., Nikitin Y., Marmot M. Contribution of drinking patterns to differences in rates of alcohol related problems between three urban populations. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 2004, 58:238-242.
22. Boitnott J.K., Maddrey W.C. Alcoholic liver disease. I. Interrelationships among histologic features and the histologic effects of prednisolone therapy. Hepatology 1981, 1:599-610.
23. Brandon-Warner E., Schrum L.W., Schmidt C.M., McKillop I.H. Rodent models of alcoholic liver disease: of mice and men. Alcohol 2012, 46:715-725.
24. Brandon-Warner E., Walling T.L., Schrum L.W., McKillop I.H. Chronic ethanol feeding accelerates hepatocellular carcinoma progression in a sex-dependent manner in a mouse model of hepatocarcinogenesis. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2012, 36:641-653.
25. Bull-Otterson L., Feng W., Kirpich I., Wang Y., Qin X., Liu Y., Gobejishvili L., Joshi-Barve S., Ayvaz T., Petrosino J., Kong M., Barker D., McClain C., Barve S. Metagenomic analyses of alcohol induced pathogenic alterations in the intestinal microbiome and the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG treatment. PLoS One 2013, 8:e53028.
26. Burcelin R. The antidiabetic gutsy role of metformin uncovered?. Gut 2014, 63:706-707.
27. Calle E.E., Rodriguez C., Walker-Thurmond K., Thun M.J. Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults. N. Engl. J. Med. 2003, 348:1625-1638.
28. Castera L., Hartmann D.J., Chapel F., Guettier C., Mall F., Lons T., Richardet J.P., Grimbert S., Morassi O., Beaugrand M., Trinchet J.C. Serum laminin and type IV collagen are accurate markers of histologically severe alcoholic hepatitis in patients with cirrhosis. J. Hepatol. 2000, 32:412-418.
29. Chalasani N., Younossi Z., Lavine J.E., Diehl A.M., Brunt E.M., Cusi K., Charlton M., Sanyal A.J. The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association. Hepatology 2012, 55:2005-2023.
30. Chase P.J., Davis P.G., Bensimhon D.R. The obesity paradox in chronic heart failure: what does it mean?. Curr. Heart Fail. Rep. 2014, 11:111-117.
31. Chen J., Conigrave K.M., Macaskill P., Whilfield P., Irwig L. Combining carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyltransferase to increase diagnostic accuracy for problem drinking alcohol. Alcoholism 2003, 38:574-582.
32. Christoffersen P., Nielsen K. Histological changes in human liver biopsies from chronic alcoholics. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. A 1972, 80:557-565.
33. Cohen J.A., Kaplan M.A. The SGOT/SGPT ratio - an indicator of alcoholic liver disease. Dig. Dis. Sci. 1979, 24:835-838.
34. Cousins G., Galvin R., Flood M., Kennedy M.C., Motterlini N., Henman M.C., Kenny R.A., Fahey T. Potential for alcohol and drug interactions in older adults: evidence from the Irish longitudinal study on ageing. BMC Geriatr. 2014, 14:57.
35. Daves M., Cemin R., Floreani M., Pusceddu I., Cosio G., Lippi G. Comparative evaluation of capillary zone electrophoresis and HPLC in the determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2011, 49:1677-1680.
36. Delanghe J.R., Helander A., Wielders J.P.M., Pekelharing J.M., Roth H.J., Schellenberg F., Born C., Yagmur E., Gentzer W., Althaus H. Development and multicenter evaluation of the N latex CDT direct immunonephelometric assay for serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin. Clin. Chem. 2007, 53:1116-1121.
37. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 2005, Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, National Academy Press., Washington, DC.
38. Dominguez M., Rincón D., Abraldes J.G., Miquel R., Colmenero J., Bellot P., García-Pagán J.C., Fernández R., Moreno M., Bañares R., Arroyo V., Caballería J., Ginès P., Bataller R. A new scoring system for prognostic stratification of patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2008, 103:2747-2756.
39. Donohue T.M., Osna N.A., Clemens D.L. Recombinant Hep G2 cells that express alcohol dehydrogenase and cytochrome P450 2E1 as a model of ethanol-elicited cytotoxicity. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 2006, 38:92-101.
40. Duong F.H., Filipowicz M., Tripodi M., La Monica N., Heim M.H. Hepatitis C virus inhibits interferon signaling through up-regulation of protein phosphatase 2A. Gastroenterology 2004, 126:263-277.
41. Duong F.H., Christen V., Filipowicz M., Heim M.H. S-adenosylmethionine and betaine correct hepatitis C virus induced inhibition of interferon signaling in vitro. Hepatology 2006, 43:796-806.
42. Eckel R.H., Grundy S.M., Zimmet P.Z. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet 2005, 365:1415-1428.
43. Edmonson H.A., Peters R.L., Reynolds T.B., Kyzma O.T. Sclerosing hyaline necrosis of the liver in the chronic alcoholic. A recognizable clinical syndrome. Ann. Intern. Med. 1963, 59:646-649.
44. Edvardsen H.M., Karinen R., Moan I.S., Oiestad E.L., Christophersen A.S., Gjerde H. Use of alcohol and drugs among health professionals in Norway: a study using data from questionnaires and samples of oral fluid. J. Occup. Med. Toxicol. 2014, 9:8.
45. Epler A.J., Tomko R.L., Piasecki T.M., Wood P.K., Sher K.J., Shiffman S., Heath A.C. Does hangover influence the time to next drink? An investigation using ecological momentary assessment. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2014, 38:1461-1469.
46. Estruch R., Nicolas J.M., Villegas E., Junque A., Urbano-Marquez A. Relationship between ethanol-related diseases and nutritional status in chronically alcoholic men. Alcohol Alcohol. 1993, 28:543-550.
47. Fan Q., He M., Deng X., Wu W.K., Zhao L., Tang J., Wen G., Sun X., Liu Y. Derepression of c-Fos caused by microRNA-139 down-regulation contributes to the metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Biochem. Funct. 2013, 31:319-324.
48. Fernández-Hernando C., Suárez Y., Rayner K.J., Moore K.J. MicroRNAs in lipid metabolism. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 2011, 22:86-92.
49. Fisher N.C., Hanson J., Phillips A., Rao J.N., Swarbrick E.T. Mortality from liver disease in the West Midlands, 1993-2000: observational study. BMJ 2002, 325:312-313.
50. Forsyth C.B., Farhadi A., Jakate S.M., Tang Y., Shaikh M., Keshavarzian A. Lactobacillus GG treatment ameliorates alcohol-induced intestinal oxidative stress, gut leakiness, and liver injury in a rat model of alcoholic steatohepatitis. Alcohol 2009, 43:163-172.
51. Foucher J., Chanteloup E., Vergniol J., Castéra L., Le Bail B., Adhoute X., Bertet J., Couzigou P., de Lédinghen V. Diagnosis of cirrhosis by transient elastography (FibroScan): a prospective study. Gut 2006, 55:403-408.
52. Frank A., Seitz H.K., Bartsch H., Frank N., Nair J. Immunohistochemical detection of 1, N6-ethenodeoxyadenosine in nuclei of human liver affected by diseases predisposing to hepato-carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2004, 25:1027-1031.
53. French S.W. The Mallory body: structure, composition and pathogenesis. Hepatology 1981, 1:76-81.
54. French S.W., Eidus L.B., Freeman J. Nonalcoholic fatty hepatitis. An important clinical condition. Can. J. Gastroenterol. 1989, 3:189-197.
55. French S.W., Nash J., Shitabata P., Kachi K., Hara C., Chedid A., Mendenhall C.L. Pathology of alcoholic liver disease. VA Cooperative Study Group 119. Semin. Liver Dis. 1993, 13:154-169.
56. Frone M.R. Prevalence and distribution of alcohol use and impairment in the workplace: a U.S. national survey. J. Stud. Alcohol 2006, 67:147-156.
57. Gale M., Foy E.M. Evasion of intracellular host defence by hepatitis C virus. Nature 2005, 436:939-945.
58. Gao B., Bataller R. Alcoholic liver disease: pathogenesis and new therapeutic targets. Gastroenterology 2011, 141:1572-1585.
59. Gonzalez-Quintela A., Garcia J., Campos J., Perez L.E., Alende M.R., Otero E., Abdulkader I. Serum cytokeratins in alcoholic liver disease: contrasting levels of cytokeratin-18 and cytokeratin-19. Alcohol 2006, 38:45-49.
60. Goodglass H., Kaplan E. The Assessment of Aphasia and Related Disorders 1983, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
61. Green J.A. Subclinical acute liver disease of the alcoholic. Australas Ann. Med. 1965, 14:111-124.
62. Gregory D.H., Levi D.F. The clinical-pathologic spectrum of alcoholic hepatitis. Am. J. Dig. Dis. 1972, 17:479-488.
63. Grove J., Daly A.K., Bassendine M.F. Association of a tumor necrosis factor promoter polymorphism with susceptibility to alcoholic hepatitis. Hepatology 1997, 26:143-146.
64. Grove J., Daly A.K., Bassendine M.F. Interleukin 10 promoter region polymorphism and susceptibility to advanced alcoholic liver disease. Gut 2000, 46:540-545.
65. Grubb D., Rasmussen B., Linnet K., Olsson S.G., Lindberg L. Breath alcohol analysis incorporating standardization to water vapour is as precise as blood alcohol analysis. Forensic Sci. Int. 2012, 216:88-91.
66. Gu W., Li X., Wang J. miR-139 regulates the proliferation and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma through the WNT/TCF-4 pathway. Oncol. Rep. 2014, 31:397-404.
67. Gupte P., Amarapurkar D., Agal S., Baijal R., Kulshrestha P., Pramanik S., Patel N., Madan A., Amarapurkar A., Hafeezunnisa Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2004, 19:854-858.
68. Guttilla I.K., White B.A. Coordinate regulation of FOXO1 by miR-27a, miR-96, and miR-182 in breast cancer cells. J. Biol. Chem. 2009, 284:23204-23216.
69. Harinasuta U., Chomet B., Ishak K.G., Zimmerman H.J. Steatonecrosis-Mallory body type. Medicine 1967, 46:141-162.
70. Hayasaka A., Schuppan D., Ohnishi K., Okuda K., Hahn E.G. Serum concentrations of the carboxyterminal cross-linking domain of procollagen type IV (NC1) and the aminoterminal propeptide of procollagen type III (PIIIP) in chronic liver disease. J. Hepatol. 1990, 10:17-22.
71. He S., McPhaul C., Li J.Z., Garuti R., Kinch L., Grishin N.V., Cohen J.C., Hobbs H.H. A sequence variation (I148M) in PNPLA3 associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease disrupts triglyceride hydrolysis. J. Biol. Chem. 2010, 285:6706-6715.
72. Helman R.A., Temko M.H., Nye F.W., Fallon H.J. Alcoholic hepatitis. Natural history and evaluation of prednisolone therapy. Ann. Intern. Med. 1971, 74:311-321.
73. Hernandez L., Salas-Wright C.P., Graves H., Cancilliere M.K., Spirito A. A confirmatory approach to understanding the four-factor structure of the Adolescent Drinking Index: evidence for a brief version. J. Subst. Abus. Treat. 2014, 47:239-244.
74. Herrera B.M., Lockstone H.E., Taylor J.M., Wills Q.F., Kaisaki P.J., Barrett A., Camps C., Fernandez C., Ragoussis J., Gauguier D., McCarthy M.I., Lindgren C.M. MicroRNA-125a is over-expressed in insulin target tissues in a spontaneous rat model of type 2 diabetes. BMC Med. Genom. 2009, 2:54.
75. Hift R., Kirsch R. Porphyria cutanea tarda. Pathology and Pathogenesis 1995, 219-231. Edward Arnold, London. Second ed. P. Hall (Ed.).
76. Hildrum B., Mykletun A., Hole T., Midthjell K., Dahl A.A. Age-specific prevalence of the metabolic syndrome defined by the International Diabetes Federation and the National Cholesterol Education Program: the Norwegian HUNT 2 study. BMC Public Health 2007, 7:220.
77. Hirata H., Ueno K., Shahryari V., Deng G., Tanaka Y., Tabatabai Z.L., Hinoda Y., Dahiya R. MicroRNA-182-5p promotes cell invasion and proliferation by down regulating FOXF2, RECK and MTSS1 genes in human prostate cancer. PLoS One 2013, 8:e55502.
78. Høiseth G., Fosen J.T., Liane V., Bogstrand S.T., Mørland J. Alcohol hangover as a cause of impairment in apprehended drivers. Traffic Inj. Prev. 2014, (in press). 10.1080/15389588.2014.938324.
79. Homann C., Benfield T.L., Graudal N.A., Garred P. Neopterin and interleukin-8-prognosis in alcohol-induced cirrhosis. Liver 2000, 20:442-449.
80. Homann N., Stickel F., Konig I.R., Jacobs A., Junghanns K., Benesova M., Schuppan D., Himsel S., Zuber-Jerger I., Hellerbrand C., Ludwig D., Caselmann W.H., Seitz H.K. Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C*1 allele is a genetic marker for alcohol-associated cancer in heavy drinkers. Int. J. Cancer 2006, 118:1998-2002.
81. Hrubec Z., Omenn G.S. Evidence for genetic predisposition to alcoholic cirrhosis and psychosis: twin concordances for alcoholism and its biological end points by zygosity among male veterans. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 1981, 5:207-215.
82. Huang Y.S., Chern H.D., Su W.J., Wu J.C., Chang S.C., Chiang C.H., Chang F.Y., Lee S.D. Cytochrome P450 2E1 genotype and the susceptibility to antituberculosis drug-induced hepatitis. Hepatology 2003, 37:924-930.
83. Huang H.L., Wang Y.J., Zhang Q.Y., Liu B., Wang F.Y., Li J.J., Zhu R.Z. Hepatoprotective effects of baicalein against CCl(4)-induced acute liver injury in mice. World J. Gastroenterol. 2012, 18:6605-6613.
84. Ishak K.G., Zimmerman H.J., Ray M.B. Alcoholic liver disease: pathologic, pathogenetic and clinical aspects. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 1991, 15:45-66.
85. Järveläinen H.A., Orpana A., Perola M., Savolainen V.T., Karhunen P.J., Lindros K.O. Promoter polymorphism of the CD14 endotoxin receptor gene as a risk factor for alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 2001, 33:1148-1153.
86. Jeppsson J.O., Arndt T., Schellenberg F., Wielders J.P., Anton R.F., Whitfield J.B., Helander A. Toward standardization of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) measurements: I. Analyte definition and proposal of a candidate reference method. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2007, 45:558-562.
87. Kagansky N., Levy S., Keter D., Rimon E., Taiba Z., Fridman Z., Berger D., Knobler H., Malnick S. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-a common and benign finding in octogenarian patients. Liver Int. 2004, 24:588-594.
88. Kang X., Song Z., McClain C.J., Kang Y.J., Zhou Z. Zinc supplementation enhances hepatic regeneration by preserving hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha in mice subjected to long-term ethanol administration. Am. J. Pathol. 2008, 172:916-925.
89. Kang X., Zhong W., Liu J., Song Z., McClain C.J., Kang Y.J., Zhou Z. Zinc supplementation reverses alcohol-induced steatosis in mice through reactivating hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha. Hepatology 2009, 50:1241-1250.
90. Katz G.G., Shear N.H., Malkiewicz I.M., Valentino K., Neuman M.G. Signaling for ethanol-induced apoptosis and repair in vitro. Clin. Biochem. 2001, 34:218-235.
91. Keshavarzian A., Farhadi A., Forsyth C.B., Rangan J., Jakate S., Shaikh M., Banan A., Fields J.Z. Evidence that chronic alcohol exposure promotes intestinal oxidative stress, intestinal hyperpermeability and endotoxemia prior to development of alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats. J. Hepatol. 2009, 50:538-547.
92. Kew M.C., Asare G.A. Dietary iron overload in the African and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int. 2007, 27:735-741.
93. Kharbanda K.K. Alcoholic liver disease and methionine metabolism. Sem. Liver Dis. 2009, 29:155-165.
94. Kharbanda K.K. Methionine metabolic pathway in alcoholic liver injury. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care 2013, 16:89-95.
95. Kharbanda K.K., Mailliard M.E., Baldwin C.R., Beckenhauer H.C., Sorrell M.F., Tuma D.J. Betaine attenuates alcoholic steatosis by restoring phosphatidylcholine generation via the phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase pathway. J. Hepatol. 2007, 46:314-321.
96. Kharbanda K.K., Todero S.L., Moats J.C., Harris R.M., Osna N.A., Thomes P.G., Tuma D.J. Alcohol consumption decreases rat hepatic creatine biosynthesis via altered guanidinoacetate methyltransferase activity. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2014, 38:641-648.
97. Kharbanda K.K., Todero S.L., Thomes P.G., Orlicky D.J., Osna N.A., French S.W., Tuma D.J. Increased methylation demand exacerbates ethanol-induced liver injury. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 2014, 97:49-56.
98. Kim J.K., Noh J.H., Jung K.H., Eun J.W., Bae H.J., Kim M.G., Chang Y.G., Shen Q., Park W.S., Lee J.Y., Borlak J., Nam S.W. Sirtuin7 oncogenic potential in human hepatocellular carcinoma and its regulation by the tumor suppressors MiR-125a-5p and MiR-125b. Hepatology 2013, 57:1055-1067.
99. Kirpich I.A., Solovieva N.V., Leikhter S.N., Shidakova N.A., Lebedeva O.V., Sidorov P.I., Bazhukova T.A., Soloviev A.G., Barve S.S., McClain C.J., Cave M. Probiotics restore bowel flora and improve liver enzymes in human alcohol-induced liver injury: a pilot study. Alcohol 2008, 42:675-678.
100. Kirpich I.A., Feng W., Wang Y., Liu Y., Barker D.F., Barve S.S., McClain C.J. The type of dietary fat modulates intestinal tight junction integrity, gut permeability, and hepatic toll-like receptor expression in a mouse model of alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2012, 36:835-846.
101. Kirpich I.A., Feng W., Wang Y., Liu Y., Beier J.I., Arteel G.E., Falkner K.C., Barve S.S., McClain C.J. Ethanol and dietary unsaturated fat (corn oil/linoleic acid enriched) cause intestinal inflammation and impaired intestinal barrier defense in mice chronically fed alcohol. Alcohol 2013, 47:257-264.
102. Klatsky A.L., Chartier D., Udaltsova N., Gronningen S., Brar S., Friedman G.D., Lundstrom R.J. Alcohol drinking and risk of hospitalization for heart failure with and without associated coronary artery disease. Am. J. Cardiol. 2005, 96:346-351.
103. Kleiner D.E., Brunt E.M., Van Natta M., Behling C., Contos M.J., Cummings O.W., Ferrell L.D., Liu Y.C., Torbenson M.S., Unalp-Arida A., Yeh M., McCullough A.J., Sanyal A.J. Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2005, 41:1313-1321.
104. Koehler E.M., Schouten J.N., Hansen B.E., van Rooij F.J., Hofman A., Stricker B.H., Janssen H.L. Prevalence and risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the elderly: results from the Rotterdam study. J. Hepatol. 2012, 57:1305-1311.
105. Kowdley K.V., Belt P., Wilson L.A., Yeh M.V., Nenschwander-Tetri B.A., Chalassani N., Sanyal A.J., Nelson J.E. Serum ferritin is an independent predictor of histologic severity and advanced fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2012, 55:77-85.
106. Ladero J.M., Martinez C., Garcia-Martin E. Polymorphisms of the glutathione S-transferases mu-1 (GSTM1) and theta-1 (GSTT1) and the risk of advanced alcoholic liver disease. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 2005, 40:348-353.
107. Lahmek P., Michel L., Diviné C., Meunier N., Pham B., Cassereau C., Aussel C., Aubin H.J. Ethyl glucuronide for detecting alcohol lapses in patients with an alcohol use disorder. J. Addict. Med. 2012, 6:35-38.
108. Lake A.C., Sun Y., Li J.L., Kim J.E., Johnson J.W., Li D., Revett T., Shih H.H., Liu W., Paulsen J.E., Gimeno R.E. Expression, regulation, and triglyceride hydrolase activity of Adiponutrin family members. J. Lipid Res. 2005, 46:2477-2487.
109. Lakner A.M., Steuerwald N.M., Walling T.L., Ghosh S., Li T., McKillop I.H., Russo M.W., Bonkovsky H.L., Schrum L.W. Inhibitory effects of microRNA 19b in hepatic stellate cell-mediated fibrogenesis. Hepatology 2012, 56:300-310.
110. Lazarević A.M., Nakatani S., Nesković A.N., Marinković J., Yasumura Y., Stojicić D., Miyatake K., Bojić M., Popović A.D. Early changes in left ventricular function in chronic asymptomatic alcoholics: relation to the duration of heavy drinking. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2000, 35:1599-1606.
111. Lazo M., Hernaez R., Bonekamp S., Kamel I.R., Brancati F.L., Guallar E., Clark J.M. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality among US adults: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2011, 343:d6891.
112. Lazo M., Hernaez R., Eberhardt M.S., Bonekamp S., Kamel I., Guallar E., Koteish A., Brancati F.L., Clark J.M. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2013, 178:38-45.
113. Lee H.H., Seo Y.S., Um S.H., Won N.H., Yoo H., Jung E.S., Kwon Y.D., Park S., Keum B., Kim Y.S., Yim H.J., Jeen Y.T., Chun H.J., Kim C.D., Ryu H.S. Usefulness of non-invasive markers for predicting significant fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease. J. Korean Med. Sci. 2010, 25:67-74.
114. Leevy C.M., Moroianu S.A. Nutritional aspects of alcoholic liver disease. Clin. Liver Dis. 2005, 9:67-81.
115. Lefkowitch J.H., Grossman M.E. Hepatic pathology in porphyria cutanea tarda. Liver 1983, 3:19-29.
116. Leon D.A., Shkolnikov V.M., McKee M. Alcohol and Russian mortality: a continuing crisis. Addiction 2009, 104:1630-1636.
117. Liang W., Chikritzhs T.N., Pascal R., Binns C.W. Mortality rate of alcoholic liver disease and risk of hospitalisation for alcoholic liver cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis, and alcoholic liver failure in Australia between 1993 and 2005. Int. Med. J. 2010, 41:34-41.
118. Liangpunsakul S., Qi R., Crabb D.W., Witzmann F. Relationship between alcohol drinking and aspartate aminotransferase:alanine aminotransferase (AST:ALT) ratio, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and apolipoprotein A1 and B in the U.S. population. J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs 2010, 71:249-252.
119. Lieber C.S. Pathogenesis and early diagnosis of alcoholic liver injury. N. Engl. J. Med. 1978, 298:888-892.
120. Lieber C.S. Metabolic effects of ethanol and its interaction with other drugs, hepatoxic agents, vitamins and carcinogens: a 1988 update. Semin. Liver Dis. 1988, 8:47-68.
121. Lieber C.S. Biochemical and molecular basis of alcohol-induced injury to liver and other tissues. N. Engl. J. Med. 1988, 319:1639-1644.
122. Lieber C.S. Ethanol metabolism, cirrhosis and alcoholism. Clin. Chim. Acta 1997, 257:59-84.
123. Lieber C.S., DeCarli L.M. Ethanol oxidation by hepatic microsomes: adaptive increase after ethanol feeding. Science 1968, 162:917-918.
124. Lieber C.S., DeCarli L.M. Hepatic microsomal ethanol oxidizing system. In vitro characteristics and adaptive properties in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 1970, 245:2505-2512.
125. Lieber C.S., DeCarli L.M. Hepatotoxicity of ethanol. J. Hepatol. 1991, 12:394-398.
126. Lieber C.S., DeCarli L.M., Rubin E. Sequential production of fatty liver, hepatitis and cirrhosis in sub-human primates fed ethanol with adequate diets. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1975, 72:437-441.
127. Lieber C.S., Robins S.J., Leo M.A. Hepatic phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase activity is decreased by ethanol and increased by phosphatidylcholine. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 1994, 18:592-595.
128. Lieber C.S., Weiss D., Morgan T., Paronetto F. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet ratio index (APRI) in patients with alcoholic liver fibrosis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2006, 101:1500-1508.
129. Liu H., Li J., French B.A., Morgan T., Tillman B., French S.W. TLR3/4 signaling is mediated via the NFκB-CXCR4/7 pathway in human alcoholic hepatitis and non-alcoholic hepatitis which formed Mallory-Denk bodies. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 2014, 97:234-240.
130. Liu H., Li J., Tillman B., French B.A., French S.W. Ufmylation and FATylation pathways are down regulated in human alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and mice fed DDC where Mallory-Denk bodies (MDBs) form. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 2014, 97:81-88.
131. Loomba R., Yang H.I., Su J., Brenner D., Barrett-Connor E., Iloeje U., Chen C.J. Synergism between obesity and alcohol in increasing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective cohort study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2013, 177:333-342.
132. Lucey M.R., Mathurin P., Morgan T.R. Alcoholic hepatitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2009, 360:2758-2769.
133. Ludwig J., Viggiano T.R., McGill D.B., Oh B.J. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Mayo Clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease. Mayo Clin. Proc. 1980, 55:434-438.
134. Maenhout T.M., Poll A., Wuyts B., Lecocq E., Van Vlierberghe H., De Buyzere M.L., Delanghe J.R. Microheterogeneity of serum β-hexosaminidase in chronic alcohol abusers in a driver's license regranting program. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2013, 37:1264-1270.
135. Maher J.J., Friedman S.L. Pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. Alcoholic Liver Disease Pathobiology, Epidemiology and Clinical Aspects 1995, 71-78. Edward Arnold, London. P. Hall (Ed.).
136. Maret W. Zinc coordination environments in proteins determine zinc functions. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 2005, 19:7-12.
137. Mariat D., Firmesse O., Levenez F., Guimarăes V., Sokol H., Doré J., Corthier G., Furet J.P. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of the human microbiota changes with age. BMC Microbiol. 2009, 9:123.
138. Martini G.A., Bode C.H. The epidemiology of cirrhosis of the liver. Alcoholic Cirrhosis and Other Toxic Hepatopathies 1970, 315-335. Nordiska Bokhandelns Forlag, Stockholm. A. Engel, T. Larsson (Eds.).
139. Mathurin P., Moreno C., Samuel D., Dumortier J., Salleron J., Durand F., Castel H., Duhamel A., Pageaux G.P., Leroy V., Dharancy S., Louvet A., Boleslawski E., Lucidi V., Gustot T., Francoz C., Letoublon C., Castaing D., Belghiti J., Donckier V., Pruvot F.R., Duclos-Vallée J.C. Early liver transplantation for severe alcoholic hepatitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2011, 365:1790-1800.
140. Mathurin P., Hadengue A., Bataller R., Addolorato G., Burra P., Burt A., Caballeria J., Cortez-Pinto H., Day C.P., Forrest E.H., Gual A., Leon D.A., Lligoña A., Jepsen P., Mueller S., Pageaux G.P., Roskams T., Seitz H.K., Stickel F., Thursz M., Naveau S., Morgan T., Nevens F. European association for the study of liver clinical practical guidelines: management of alcoholic liver disease. J. Hepatol. 2012, 57(2):399-420.
141. McFarlin S.K., Fals-Stewart W. Workplace absenteeism and alcohol use: a sequential analysis. Psychol. Addict. Behav. 2002, 16:17-21.
142. McKillop I.H., Schrum L.W. Role of alcohol in liver carcinogenesis. Semin. Liver Dis. 2009, 29:222-232.
143. Mendenhall C.L. Alcoholic hepatitis. Clin. Gastroenterol. 1981, 10:417-444.
144. Mendenhall C., Roselle G.A., Gartside P., Moritz T. Relationship of protein calorie malnutrition to alcoholic liver disease: a reexamination of data from two Veterans Administration Cooperative Studies. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 1995, 19:635-641.
145. Mezey E. Dietary fat and alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 1998, 28:901-905.
146. Mittal S., El-Serag H.B. Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma: consider the population. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 2013, 47:S2-S6.
147. Mohammad M.K., Zhou Z., Cave M., Barve A., McClain C.J. Zinc and liver disease. Nutr. Clin. Pract. 2012, 27:8-20.
148. Mohri T., Nakajima M., Fukami T., Takamiya M., Aoki Y., Yokoi T. Human CYP2E1 is regulated by miR-378. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2010, 79:1045-1052.
149. Morojele N.K., Kachieng'a M.A., Mokoko E., Nkoko M.A., Parry C.D., Nkowane A.M., Moshia K.M., Saxena S. Alcohol use and sexual behaviour among risky drinkers and bar and she-been patrons in Gauteng province, South Africa. Soc. Sci. Med. 2006, 62:217-227.
150. Mudd S.H., Brosnan J.T., Brosnan M.E., Jacobs R.L., Stabler S.P., Allen R.H., Vance D.E., Wagner C. Methyl balance and transmethylation fluxes in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2007, 85:19-25.
151. Murray K.F., Carithers R.L. AASLD practice guidelines: evaluation of the patient for liver transplantation. Hepatology 2005, 41:1407-1432.
152. Musso G. NAFLD: old issues and emerging concepts. Semin. Liver Dis. 2012, 32:1-2.
153. Nanji A.A. Role of different dietary fatty acids in the pathogenesis of experimental alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol 2004, 34:21-25.
154. Nanji A.A., French S.W. Dietary linoleic acid is required for development of experimentally induced alcoholic liver injury. Life Sci. 1989, 44:223-227.
155. Nanji A.A., Mendenhall C.L., French S.W. Beef fat prevents alcoholic liver disease in the rat. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 1989, 13:15-19.
156. Nanji A.A., Khettry U., Sadrzadeh S.M. Lactobacillus feeding reduces endotoxemia and severity of experimental alcoholic liver (disease). Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1994, 205:243-247.
157. Nanji A.A., Zhao S., Lamb R.G., Dannenberg A.J., Sadrzadeh S.M., Waxman D.J. Changes in cytochromes P-450, 2E1, 2B1, and 4A, and phospholipases A and C in the intragastric feeding rat model for alcoholic liver disease: relationship to dietary fats and pathologic liver injury. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 1994, 18:902-908.
158. Nanji A.A., Zhao S., Sadrzadeh S.M., Dannenberg A.J., Tahan S.R., Waxman D.J. Markedly enhanced cytochrome P450 2E1 induction and lipid peroxidation is associated with severe liver injury in fish oil-ethanol-fed rats. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 1994, 18:1280-1285.
159. Nanji A.A., Griniuviene B., Sadrzadeh S.M., Levitsky S., McCully J.D. Effect of type of dietary fat and ethanol on antioxidant enzyme mRNA induction in rat liver. J. Lipid Res. 1995, 36:736-744.
160. Nanji A.A., Sadrzadeh S.M., Yang E.K., Fogt F., Meydani M., Dannenberg A.J. Dietary saturated fatty acids: a novel treatment for alcoholic liver disease. Gastroenterology 1995, 109:547-554.
161. Nanji A.A., Jokelainen K., Tipoe G.L., Rahemtulla A., Dannenberg A.J. Dietary saturated fatty acids reverse inflammatory and fibrotic changes in rat liver despite continued ethanol administration. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2001, 299:638-644.
162. Neuman M.G. Mechanism of alcoholic liver disease. Clin. Biochem. 2001, 34:163-167.
163. Neuman M.G., Shear N.H., Oh P., Zimmerman H.J. Increased hepatotoxicity from acetaminophen in human hepatocytes pretreated with ethanol in cell culture. Clin. Invest. Med. 1994, 17(Suppl. B14). (Abstract 85).
164. Neuman M.G., Shear N.H., Bellentani S., Tiribelli C. Role of cytokines in ethanol-induced hepatocytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Gastroenterology 1998, 114:157-169.
165. Neuman M.G., Monteiro M., Rehm Drug interactions between psychoactive substances and antiretroviral therapy in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency and hepatitis viruses. Drugs Use Misuse 2006, 41(10-12):1395-1463. 10.1080/10826080600846235.
166. Neuman M.G., Schmilowitz-Weiss H., Hilzenrat N., Bourliere M., Marcelin P., Trepo C., Mazulli T., Moussa G., Patel A., Baig A.A., Cohen L. Markers of inflammation and fibrosis in alcoholic hepatitis and viral hepatitis C. Int. J. Hepatol. 2012, 2012:231210.
167. Neuman M.G., Schneider M., Nanau R.M., Parry C. HIV-antiretroviral therapy induced liver, gastrointestinal, and pancreatic injury. Int. J. Hepatol. 2012, 2012:760706.
168. Neuman M.G., Schneider M., Nanau R.M., Parry C. Alcohol consumption, progression of disease and other comorbidities, and responses to antiretroviral medication in people living with HIV. AIDS Res. Treat. 2012, 2012:751827.
169. Neuman M.G., Schneider M., Nanau R.M., Parry C., Chersich M. The relationship between alcohol consumption and human immunodeficiency virus infection and risk behaviour: a systematic literature review of high-risk groups, with a focus on South Africa. Public Health - Social and Behavioral Health 2012, 243-292. InTech Open Access Publisher, Rijeka.
170. Neuman M.G., French S.W., Casey C.A., Kharbanda K.K., Nanau R.M., Rasineni K., McVicker B.L., Kong V., Donohue T.M. Changes in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver disease - preclinical studies. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 2013, 95:376-384.
171. Neuman M.G., Cohen L., Zakhari S., Nanau R.M., Mueller S., Schneider M., Parry C., Isip R., Seitz H.K. Alcoholic liver disease: a synopsis of the Charles Lieber's Memorial Symposia 2009-2012. Alcohol Alcohol. 2014, 49:373-380.
172. Nicholson A., Bobak M., Murphy M., Rose R., Marmot M. Alcohol consumption and increased mortality in Russian men and women: a cohort study based on the mortality of relatives. Bull. World Health Organ. 2005, 83:812-819.
173. Nicholson J.K., Holmes E., Kinross J., Burcelin R., Gibson G., Jia W., Pettersson S. Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions. Science 2012, 336:1262-1267.
174. Nøjgaard C., Johansen J.S., Christensen E., Skovgaard L.T., Price P.A., Becker U. Serum levels of YKL-40 and PIIINP as prognostic markers in patients with alcoholic liver disease. J. Hepatol. 2003, 39:179-186.
175. Ohtsuka T., Tsutsumi M., Fukumara M., Tsuchischima M., Takase S. Use of serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin values to exclude alcoholic hepatitis from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a pilot study. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2005, 29:236S-239S.
176. Orman E.S., Odena G., Bataller R. Alcoholic liver disease: pathogenesis, management, and novel targets for therapy. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2013, 28(Suppl. 1):77-84.
177. O'Shea R.S., Dasarathy S., McCullough A.J. Alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 2010, 51:307-328.
178. Osna N.A., Clemens D.L., Donohue T.M. Ethanol metabolism alters interferon gamma signaling in recombinant HepG2 cells. Hepatology 2005, 42:1109-1117.
179. Osna N.A., White R.L., Todero S., McVicker B.L., Thiele G.M., Clemens D.L., Tuma D.J., Donohue T.M. Ethanol-induced oxidative stress suppresses generation of peptides for antigen presentation by hepatoma cells. Hepatology 2007, 45:53-61.
180. Parlesak A., Schäfer C., Schütz T., Bode J.C., Bode C. Increased intestinal permeability to macromolecules and endotoxemia in patients with chronic alcohol abuse in different stages of alcohol-induced liver disease. J. Hepatol. 2000, 32:742-747.
181. Preedy V.R., Adachi J., Ueno Y., Ahmed S., Mantle D., Mullatti N., Rajendram R., Peters T.J. Alcoholic skeletal muscle myopathy: definitions, features, contribution of neuropathy, impact and diagnosis. Eur. J. Neurol. 2001, 8:677-687.
182. Reed T., Page W.F., Viken R.J., Christian J.C. Genetic predisposition to organ-specific endpoints of alcoholism. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 1996, 20:1528-1533.
183. Rehm J., Room R., Monteiro M., Gmel G., Graham K., Rehn N., Sempos C.T., Frick U., Jernigan D. Alcohol use. Comparative Quantification of Health Risks. Global and Regional Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risk Factors 2004, vol. 1:959-1108. World Health Organization, Geneva.
184. Rensen S.S., Slaats Y., Driessen A., Peutz-Kootstra C.J., Nijhuis J., Steffensen R., Greve J.W., Buurman W.A. Activation of the complement system in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2009, 50:1809-1817.
185. Roiu I., Birngruber C.G., Spencer V.C., Wollersen H., Dettmeyer R., Verhoff M.A. A comparison of breath- and blood-alcohol test results from real-life policing situations: a one-year study of data from the Central Hessian Police District in Germany. Forensic Sci. Int. 2013, 232:125-130.
186. Rojkind M. Collagen metabolism in the liver. Alcoholic Liver Disease Pathobiology, Epidemiology and Clinical Aspects 1985, 90-112. Edward Arnold, London. P. Hall (Ed.).
187. Rossi E., Adams L.A., Bulsara M., Jeffrey G.P. Assessing liver fibrosis with serum marker models. Clin. Biochem. Rev. 2007, 28:3-10.
188. Rubin E., Lieber C.S. Fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis produced by alcohol in primates. N. Engl. J. Med. 1974, 290:128-135.
189. Said A., Williams J., Holden J., Remington P., Musat A., Lucey M.R. The prevalence of alcohol-induced liver disease and hepatitis C and their interaction in a tertiary care setting. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2004, 2:928-934.
190. Sancho-Bru P., Altamirano J., Rodrigo-Torres D., Coll M., Millán C., José Lozano J., Miquel R., Arroyo V., Caballería J., Ginès P., Bataller R. Liver progenitor cell markers correlate with liver damage and predict short-term mortality in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Hepatology 2012, 55:1931-1941.
191. Sandahl T.D., Jepsen P., Thomsen K.L., Vilstrup H. Incidence and mortality of alcoholic hepatitis in Denmark 1999-2008: a nationwide population based cohort study. J. Hepatol. 2011, 54:760-764.
192. Sander M., Irwin M., Sinha P., Naumann E., Kox W.J., Spies C.D. Suppression of interleukin-6 to interleukin-10 ratio in chronic alcoholics: association with postoperative infections. Intensive Care Med. 2002, 28:285-292.
193. Schaefer B., Rivas-Estilla A.M., Meraz-Cruz N., Reyes-Romero M.A., Hernandez-Nazara Z.H., Dominguez-Rosales J.A., Schuppan D., Greenwel P., Rojkind M. Reciprocal modulation of matrix metalloproteinase-13 and type I collagen genes in rat hepatic stellate cells. Am. J. Pathol. 2003, 162:1771-1780.
194. Schaffner F., Popper H. Alcoholic hepatitis in the spectrum of ethanol-induced liver injury. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl. 1970, 7:69-78.
195. Schenker S., Halff G.A. Nutritional therapy in alcoholic liver disease. Semin. Liver Dis. 1993, 13:196-199.
196. Schnabl B., Brenner D.A. Interactions between the intestinal microbiome and liver diseases. Gastroenterology 2014, 146:1513-1524.
197. Seedat M., Van Niekerk A., Jewkes R., Suffla S., Ratele K. Violence and injuries in South Africa: prioritising an agenda for prevention. Lancet 2009, 374:1011-1022.
198. Seeff L.B., Cuccherini B.A., Zimmerman H.J., Adler E., Benjamin S.B. Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in alcoholics. A therapeutic misadventure. Ann. Intern. Med. 1986, 104:399-404.
199. Segura M.F., Hanniford D., Menendez S., Reavie L., Zou X., Alvarez-Diaz S., Zakrzewski J., Blochin E., Rose A., Bogunovic D., Polsky D., Wei J., Lee P., Belitskaya-Levy I., Bhardwaj N., Osman I., Hernando E. Aberrant miR-182 expression promotes melanoma metastasis by repressing FOXO3 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2009, 106:1814-1819.
200. Seitz H.K., Stickel F. Alcoholic liver disease in the elderly. Clin. Geriatr. Med. 2007, 23:905-921.
201. Seitz H.K., Stickel F. Molecular mechanisms of alcohol-mediated carcinogenesis. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2007, 7:599-612.
202. Seitz H.K., Suter P. Ethanol toxicity and nutritional status. Nutritional Toxicology 2001, 122-154. Taylor and Francis, London. F.M. Kotsonis, M. McKey (Eds.).
203. Seitz H.K., Garro A.J., Lieber C.S. Effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on intestinal metabolism and mutagenicity of benzo(α)pyrene. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1978, 85:1061-1066.
204. Seitz H.K., Boesche J., Czygan P., Veith S., Kommerell B. Microsomal ethanol oxidation in the colonic mucosa of the rat. Effect of chronic ethanol ingestion. Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. 1982, 320:81-84.
205. Seth D., Daly A.K., Haber P.S., Day C.P. PNPLA3 - a case in point linking genetic susceptibility for alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 2010, 51:1463-1465.
206. Siegel R., Naishadham D., Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2013, 63:11-30.
207. Söderberg C., Stål P., Askling J., Glaumann H., Lindberg G., Marmur J., Hultcrantz R. Decreased survival of subjects with elevated liver function tests during a 28-year follow-up. Hepatology 2010, 51:595-602.
208. Song G., Sharma A.D., Roll G.R., Ng R., Lee A.Y., Blelloch R.H., Frandsen N.M., Willenbring H. MicroRNAs control hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration. Hepatology 2010, 51:1735-1743.
209. Sorbi D., Boyriton J., Lindro K.D. The ratio of aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase: potential value in differentiating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis from alcoholic liver disease. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 1999, 94:1018-1022.
210. Spies C.D., von Dossow V., Eggers V., Jetschmann G., El-Hilali R., Egert J., Fischer M., Schroder T., Hoflich C., Sinha P., Paschen C., Mirsalim P., Brunsch R., Hopf J., Marks C., Wernecke K.D., Pragst F., Ehrenreich H., Muller C., Tonnesen H., Oelkers W., Rohde W., Stein C., Kox W.J. Altered cell-mediated immunity and increased postoperative infection rate in long-term alcoholic patients. Anesthesiology 2004, 100:1088-1100.
211. Stewart S.F., Leathart J.B., Chen Y., Daly A.K., Rolla R., Vay D., Mottaran E., Vidali M., Albano E., Day C.P. The valine-alanine manganese superoxide dismutase polymorphism is not associated with increased oxidative stress or susceptibility to advanced alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 2002, 36:1355-1360.
212. Stickel F., Hampe J. Genetic determinants of alcoholic liver disease. Gut 2012, 61:150-159.
213. Stickel F., Osterreicher C.H. The role of genetic polymorphisms in alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol Alcohol. 2006, 41:209-224.
214. Stickel F., Buch S., Lau K., Meyer zu Schwabedissen H., Berg T., Ridinger M., Rietschel M., Schafmayer C., Braun F., Hinrichsen H., Günther R., Arlt A., Seeger M., Müller S., Seitz H.K., Soyka M., Lerch M., Lammert F., Sarrazin C., Kubitz R., Häussinger D., Hellerbrand C., Bröring D., Schreiber S., Kiefer F., Spanagel R., Mann K., Datz C., Krawczak M., Wodarz N., Völzke H., Hampe J. Genetic variation in the PNPLA3 gene is associated with alcoholic liver injury in Caucasians. Hepatology 2011, 53:86-95.
215. Stinson F.S., Grant B.F., Dufour M.C. The critical dimension of ethnicity in liver cirrhosis mortality statistics. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2001, 25:1181-1187.
216. Tannafel A., Denk H., Dienes H.-P., Langner C., Schirmacher P., Trauner M., Flott-Rahmel B. Histopathological diagnosis of non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver disease. Vichow Arch. 2011, 458:511-523.
217. Thompson K.J., Swan R.Z., Walling T.L., Iannitti D.A., McKillop I.H., Sindram D. Obesity, but not ethanol, promotes tumor incidence and progression in a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo. Surg. Endosc. 2013, 27:2782-2791.
218. Tian C., Stokowski R.P., Kershenobich D., Ballinger D.G., Hinds D.A. Variant in PNPLA3 is associated with alcoholic liver disease. Nat. Genet. 2010, 42:21-23.
219. Tsukamoto H., Machida K., Dynnyk A., Mkrtchyan H. "Second hit" models of alcoholic liver disease. Semin. Liver Dis. 2009, 29:178-187.
220. Tsutsui M., Tanaka N., Kawakubo M., Sheena D.E., Horiuchi A., Kamatsu M., Nagaya T., Joshita S., Imemura T., Ichijo T., Matsumoto A., Yoshizawa K., Aoyama T., Tanaka E., Sno K. Serum fragmented cytokeratin 18 levels reflect the histologic activity score of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease more accurately than serum alanine aminotransferase levels. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 2010, 44:440-447.
221. Uchida T., Kao H., Quispe-Sjogren M., Peters R.L. Alcoholic foamy degeneration-a pattern of acute alcoholic injury of the liver. Gastroenterology 1983, 84:683-692.
222. Verster J.C., Van Der Maarel M.A., McKinney A., Olivier B., De Haan L. Driving during alcohol hangover among Dutch professional truck drivers. Traffic Inj. Prev. 2014, 15:434-438.
223. Verster J.C., Bervoets A.C., de Klerk S., Vreman R.A., Olivier B., Roth T., Brookhuis K.A. Effects of alcohol hangover on simulated highway driving performance. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 2014, 231:2999-3008.
224. Wang Y., Millonig G., Nair J., Patsenker E., Stickel F., Mueller S., Bartsch H., Seitz H.K. Ethanol-induced cytochrome P4502E1 causes carcinogenic etheno-DNA lesions in alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 2009, 50:453-461.
225. Wang Y., Kirpich I., Liu Y., Ma Z., Barve S., McClain C.J., Feng W. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG treatment potentiates intestinal hypoxia-inducible factor, promotes intestinal integrity and ameliorates alcohol-induced liver injury. Am. J. Pathol. 2011, 179:2866-2875.
226. Wang Y., Liu Y., Kirpich I., Ma Z., Wang C., Zhang M., Suttles J., McClain C., Feng W. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG reduces hepatic TNFalpha production and inflammation in chronic alcohol-induced liver injury. J. Nutr. Biochem. 2013, 24:1609-1615.
227. Watanabe J., Hayashi S., Kawajiri K. Different regulation and expression of the human CYP2E1 gene due to the RsaI polymorphism in the 50-flanking region. J. Biochem. 1994, 116:321-326.
228. Wechsler H., Austin S.B. Binge drinking: the five/four measure. J. Stud. Alcohol 1998, 59:122-124.
229. Weiner F.R., Eskries D.S., Compton K.V., Orrego H., Zern M. Haplotype analysis of a type 1 collagen gene and its association with alcoholic cirrhosis in man. Mol. Aspects Med. 1988, 10:159-168.
230. Wiese J.G., Shlipak M.G., Browner W.S. The alcohol hangover. Ann. Intern. Med. 2000, 132:897-902.
231. Williams A.L., Hoofnagle J.H. Ratio of serum aspartate aminotranferase in chronic hepatitis. Relationship to cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1988, 95:734-739.
232. Yang Z., Wang X., Wen J., Ye Z., Li Q., He M., Lu B., Ling C., Wu S., Hu R. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its relation to hypoadiponectinaemia in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. Arch. Med. Sci. 2011, 4:665-672.
233. Yatsunenko T., Rey F.E., Manary M.J., Trehan I., Dominguez-Bello M.G., Contreras M., Magris M., Hidalgo G., Baldassano R.N., Anokhin A.P., Heath A.C., Warner B., Reeder J., Kuczynski J., Caporaso J.G., Lozupone C.A., Lauber C., Clemente J.C., Knights D., Knight R., Gordon J.I. Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography. Nature 2012, 486:222-227.
234. Younossi Z.M., Stepanova M., Afendy M., Fang Y., Younossi Y., Mir H., Srishord M. Changes in the prevalence of the most common causes of chronic liver diseases in the United States from 1988 to 2008. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2011, 9:524-530.
235. Zakhari S., Li T.-K. Determinants of alcohol use and abuse: impact of quantity and frequency patterns on liver disease. Hepatology 2007, 46:2032-2039.
236. Zhou Z., Wang L., Song Z., Saari J.T., McClain C.J., Kang Y.J. Zinc supplementation prevents alcoholic liver injury in mice through attenuation of oxidative stress. Am. J. Pathol. 2005, 166:1681-1690.
237. Zhou S.S., Zhou Y.M., Li D., Lun Y.Z. Dietary methyl-consuming compounds and metabolic syndrome. Hypertens. Res. 2011, 34:1239-1245.
238. Zimmerman H.J. The evolution of alcoholic cirrhosis. Med. Clin. N. Am. 1955, 39:249-251.
239. Zimmerman H.J. Effects of alcohol on other hepatotoxins. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 1986, 10:3-15.
240. Zimmerman H.J. Hepatotoxicity. Adverse Effects of Drugs and Other Chemicals on the Liver 1999, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. Second ed.
241. Zimmerman H.J., Ishak K.G. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and other forms of pseudoalcoholic liver disease. Pathology and Pathogenesis 1996, 175-196. Edward Arnold, London. Second ed. P. Hall (Ed.).
242. Zimmerman H.J., Maddrey W.C. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) hepatotoxicity with regular intake of alcohol: analysis of instances of therapeutic misadventure. Hepatology 1995, 22:767-773.
243. Ziol M., Handra-Luca A., Kettaneh A., Christidis C., Mal F., Kazemi F., de Lédinghen V., Marcellin P., Dhumeaux D., Trinchet J.C., Beaugrand M. Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis by measurement of stiffness in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2005, 41:48-54.
244. Zlotnik Y., Plakht Y., Aven A., Engel Y., Am N.B., Ifergane G. Alcohol consumption and hangover patterns among migraine sufferers. J. Neurosci. Rural Pract. 2014, 5:128-134.