메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 10, 2014, Pages 1591-1605

Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity in schizophrenia: A review

Author keywords

Excitotoxicity; Glutamate; Glutamine; MRS; Psychosis; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

GLUTAMIC ACID; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR;

EID: 84907983364     PISSN: 0924977X     EISSN: 18737862     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.07.015     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (122)

References (161)
  • 1
    • 33646825641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What have we learned from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy about schizophrenia? A critical update
    • Abbott C., Bustillo J. What have we learned from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy about schizophrenia? A critical update. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry 2006, 19:135-139.
    • (2006) Curr. Opin. Psychiatry , vol.19 , pp. 135-139
    • Abbott, C.1    Bustillo, J.2
  • 3
    • 0032527894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticolimbic dopamine neurotransmission is temporally dissociated from the cognitive and locomotor effects of phencyclidine
    • Adams B., Moghaddam B. Corticolimbic dopamine neurotransmission is temporally dissociated from the cognitive and locomotor effects of phencyclidine. J. Neurosci. 1998, 18:5545-5554.
    • (1998) J. Neurosci. , vol.18 , pp. 5545-5554
    • Adams, B.1    Moghaddam, B.2
  • 4
    • 0035890695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of clozapine, haloperidol, or M100907 on phencyclidine-activated glutamate efflux in the prefrontal cortex
    • Adams B.W., Moghaddam B. Effect of clozapine, haloperidol, or M100907 on phencyclidine-activated glutamate efflux in the prefrontal cortex. Biol. Psychiatry 2001, 50:750-757.
    • (2001) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 750-757
    • Adams, B.W.1    Moghaddam, B.2
  • 5
    • 0032859516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of ketamine-induced thought disorder in healthy volunteers and thought disorder in schizophrenia
    • Adler C.M., Malhotra A.K., Elman I., Goldberg T., Egan M., Pickar D., Breier A. Comparison of ketamine-induced thought disorder in healthy volunteers and thought disorder in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 1999, 156:1646-1649.
    • (1999) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.156 , pp. 1646-1649
    • Adler, C.M.1    Malhotra, A.K.2    Elman, I.3    Goldberg, T.4    Egan, M.5    Pickar, D.6    Breier, A.7
  • 6
    • 0034054949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of the neuropsychiatric effects of ketamine with lamotrigine: support for hyperglutamatergic effects of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists
    • Anand A., Charney D.S., Oren D.A., Berman R.M., Hu X.S., Cappiello A., Krystal J.H. Attenuation of the neuropsychiatric effects of ketamine with lamotrigine: support for hyperglutamatergic effects of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2000, 57:270-276.
    • (2000) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.57 , pp. 270-276
    • Anand, A.1    Charney, D.S.2    Oren, D.A.3    Berman, R.M.4    Hu, X.S.5    Cappiello, A.6    Krystal, J.H.7
  • 10
    • 0029975975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of age and sex on N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist-induced neuronal necrosis in rats
    • Auer R.N. Effect of age and sex on N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist-induced neuronal necrosis in rats. Stroke 1996, 27:743-746.
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , pp. 743-746
    • Auer, R.N.1
  • 12
    • 0031466522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of glutamate and glutamine in the medial prefrontal cortex of never-treated schizophrenic patients and healthy controls by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Bartha R., Williamson P.C., Drost D.J., Malla A., Carr T.J., Cortese L., Canaran G., Rylett R.J., Neufeld R.W. Measurement of glutamate and glutamine in the medial prefrontal cortex of never-treated schizophrenic patients and healthy controls by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1997, 54:959-965.
    • (1997) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.54 , pp. 959-965
    • Bartha, R.1    Williamson, P.C.2    Drost, D.J.3    Malla, A.4    Carr, T.J.5    Cortese, L.6    Canaran, G.7    Rylett, R.J.8    Neufeld, R.W.9
  • 13
    • 84869493211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel model for the mechanisms of glutamate-dependent excitotoxicity: role of neuronal gap junctions
    • Belousov A.B. Novel model for the mechanisms of glutamate-dependent excitotoxicity: role of neuronal gap junctions. Brain Res. 2012, 1487:123-130.
    • (2012) Brain Res. , vol.1487 , pp. 123-130
    • Belousov, A.B.1
  • 16
    • 79951682529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and illness stage in schizophrenia-a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Brugger S., Davis J.M., Leucht S., Stone J.M. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and illness stage in schizophrenia-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol. Psychiatry 2011, 69:495-503.
    • (2011) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.69 , pp. 495-503
    • Brugger, S.1    Davis, J.M.2    Leucht, S.3    Stone, J.M.4
  • 17
    • 84862901198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medial-frontal cortex hypometabolism in chronic phencyclidine exposed rats assessed by high resolution magic angle spin 11.7T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Bustillo J., Galloway M.P., Ghoddoussi F., Bolognani F., Perrone-Bizzozero N. Medial-frontal cortex hypometabolism in chronic phencyclidine exposed rats assessed by high resolution magic angle spin 11.7T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neurochem. Int. 2012, 61:128-131.
    • (2012) Neurochem. Int. , vol.61 , pp. 128-131
    • Bustillo, J.1    Galloway, M.P.2    Ghoddoussi, F.3    Bolognani, F.4    Perrone-Bizzozero, N.5
  • 19
    • 0026687845 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of excitatory amino acid release by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in rat striatum: in vivo microdialysis studies
    • Bustos G., Abarca J., Forray M.I., Gysling K., Bradberry C.W., Roth R.H. Regulation of excitatory amino acid release by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in rat striatum: in vivo microdialysis studies. Brain Res. 1992, 585:105-115.
    • (1992) Brain Res. , vol.585 , pp. 105-115
    • Bustos, G.1    Abarca, J.2    Forray, M.I.3    Gysling, K.4    Bradberry, C.W.5    Roth, R.H.6
  • 20
    • 9644281163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY379268 injected into cortex or thalamus decreases neuronal injury in retrosplenial cortex produced by NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801: possible implications for psychosis
    • Carter K., Dickerson J., Schoepp D.D., Reilly M., Herring N., Williams J., Sallee F.R., Sharp J.W., Sharp F.R. The mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY379268 injected into cortex or thalamus decreases neuronal injury in retrosplenial cortex produced by NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801: possible implications for psychosis. Neuropharmacology 2004, 47:1135-1145.
    • (2004) Neuropharmacology , vol.47 , pp. 1135-1145
    • Carter, K.1    Dickerson, J.2    Schoepp, D.D.3    Reilly, M.4    Herring, N.5    Williams, J.6    Sallee, F.R.7    Sharp, J.W.8    Sharp, F.R.9
  • 21
    • 78651312636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain anatomical abnormalities in high-risk individuals, first-episode, and chronic schizophrenia: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of illness progression
    • Chan R.C., Di X., McAlonan G.M., Gong Q.Y. Brain anatomical abnormalities in high-risk individuals, first-episode, and chronic schizophrenia: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of illness progression. Schizophr. Bull. 2011, 37:177-188.
    • (2011) Schizophr. Bull. , vol.37 , pp. 177-188
    • Chan, R.C.1    Di, X.2    McAlonan, G.M.3    Gong, Q.Y.4
  • 23
    • 0024093449 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate neurotoxicity and diseases of the nervous system
    • Choi D.W. Glutamate neurotoxicity and diseases of the nervous system. Neuron 1988, 1:623-634.
    • (1988) Neuron , vol.1 , pp. 623-634
    • Choi, D.W.1
  • 25
    • 79953329357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White matter neuron alterations in schizophrenia and related disorders
    • Connor C.M., Crawford B.C., Akbarian S. White matter neuron alterations in schizophrenia and related disorders. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 2011, 29:325-334.
    • (2011) Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. , vol.29 , pp. 325-334
    • Connor, C.M.1    Crawford, B.C.2    Akbarian, S.3
  • 26
    • 0347091918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Converging evidence of NMDA receptor hypofunction in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia
    • Coyle J.T., Tsai G., Goff D. Converging evidence of NMDA receptor hypofunction in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2003, 1003:318-327.
    • (2003) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.1003 , pp. 318-327
    • Coyle, J.T.1    Tsai, G.2    Goff, D.3
  • 27
    • 0017255979 scopus 로고
    • Dopamine receptor binding predicts clinical and pharmacological potencies of antischizophrenic drugs
    • (New York, N.Y.)
    • Creese I., Burt D.R., Snyder S.H. Dopamine receptor binding predicts clinical and pharmacological potencies of antischizophrenic drugs. Science 1976, 192:481-483. (New York, N.Y.).
    • (1976) Science , vol.192 , pp. 481-483
    • Creese, I.1    Burt, D.R.2    Snyder, S.H.3
  • 28
    • 38949173198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate and the neural basis of the subjective effects of ketamine: a pharmaco-magnetic resonance imaging study
    • Deakin J.F., Lees J., McKie S., Hallak J.E., Williams S.R., Dursun S.M. Glutamate and the neural basis of the subjective effects of ketamine: a pharmaco-magnetic resonance imaging study. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2008, 65:154-164.
    • (2008) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.65 , pp. 154-164
    • Deakin, J.F.1    Lees, J.2    McKie, S.3    Hallak, J.E.4    Williams, S.R.5    Dursun, S.M.6
  • 29
    • 84893813097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antipsychotic treatment resistance in schizophrenia associated with elevated glutamate levels but normal dopamine function
    • Demjaha A., Egerton A., Murray R.M., Kapur S., Howes O.D., Stone J.M., McGuire P.K. Antipsychotic treatment resistance in schizophrenia associated with elevated glutamate levels but normal dopamine function. Biol. Psychiatry 2014, 75:e11-e13.
    • (2014) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.75 , pp. e11-e13
    • Demjaha, A.1    Egerton, A.2    Murray, R.M.3    Kapur, S.4    Howes, O.D.5    Stone, J.M.6    McGuire, P.K.7
  • 34
    • 84875475490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying the attenuation of the ketamine pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging response in humans: a validation using antipsychotic and glutamatergic agents
    • Doyle O.M., De Simoni S., Schwarz A.J., Brittain C., O'Daly O.G., Williams S.C., Mehta M.A. Quantifying the attenuation of the ketamine pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging response in humans: a validation using antipsychotic and glutamatergic agents. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2013, 345:151-160.
    • (2013) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.345 , pp. 151-160
    • Doyle, O.M.1    De Simoni, S.2    Schwarz, A.J.3    Brittain, C.4    O'Daly, O.G.5    Williams, S.C.6    Mehta, M.A.7
  • 35
    • 84875694533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate concentration in the medial prefrontal cortex predicts resting-state cortical-subcortical functional connectivity in humans
    • Duncan N.W., Wiebking C., Tiret B., Marjanska M., Hayes D.J., Lyttleton O., Doyon J., Northoff G. Glutamate concentration in the medial prefrontal cortex predicts resting-state cortical-subcortical functional connectivity in humans. PloS One 2013, 8:e60312.
    • (2013) PloS One , vol.8 , pp. e60312
    • Duncan, N.W.1    Wiebking, C.2    Tiret, B.3    Marjanska, M.4    Hayes, D.J.5    Lyttleton, O.6    Doyon, J.7    Northoff, G.8
  • 37
    • 0028670367 scopus 로고
    • Competitive and non-competitive NMDA antagonists induce similar limbic degeneration
    • Ellison G. Competitive and non-competitive NMDA antagonists induce similar limbic degeneration. Neuroreport 1994, 5:2688-2692.
    • (1994) Neuroreport , vol.5 , pp. 2688-2692
    • Ellison, G.1
  • 38
    • 48949087605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anatomy of first-episode and chronic schizophrenia: an anatomical likelihood estimation meta-analysis
    • Ellison-Wright I., Glahn D.C., Laird A.R., Thelen S.M., Bullmore E. The anatomy of first-episode and chronic schizophrenia: an anatomical likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Am. J. Psychiatry 2008, 165:1015-1023.
    • (2008) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.165 , pp. 1015-1023
    • Ellison-Wright, I.1    Glahn, D.C.2    Laird, A.R.3    Thelen, S.M.4    Bullmore, E.5
  • 39
  • 40
    • 0345830623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NMDA receptor hypofunction model of psychosis
    • Farber N.B. The NMDA receptor hypofunction model of psychosis. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2003, 1003:119-130.
    • (2003) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.1003 , pp. 119-130
    • Farber, N.B.1
  • 41
    • 85047700000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptor mechanisms and circuitry underlying NMDA antagonist neurotoxicity
    • Farber N.B., Kim S.H., Dikranian K., Jiang X.P., Heinkel C. Receptor mechanisms and circuitry underlying NMDA antagonist neurotoxicity. Mol. Psychiatry 2002, 7:32-43.
    • (2002) Mol. Psychiatry , vol.7 , pp. 32-43
    • Farber, N.B.1    Kim, S.H.2    Dikranian, K.3    Jiang, X.P.4    Heinkel, C.5
  • 42
    • 0029646097 scopus 로고
    • Age-specific neurotoxicity in the rat associated with NMDA receptor blockade: potential relevance to schizophrenia?
    • Farber N.B., Wozniak D.F., Price M.T., Labruyere J., Huss J., Peter H., Olney J.W. Age-specific neurotoxicity in the rat associated with NMDA receptor blockade: potential relevance to schizophrenia?. Biol. Psychiatry 1995, 38:788-796.
    • (1995) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.38 , pp. 788-796
    • Farber, N.B.1    Wozniak, D.F.2    Price, M.T.3    Labruyere, J.4    Huss, J.5    Peter, H.6    Olney, J.W.7
  • 44
    • 48649084717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia
    • Frangou S. Schizophrenia. Medicine 2008, 36:405-409.
    • (2008) Medicine , vol.36 , pp. 405-409
    • Frangou, S.1
  • 47
    • 0034843738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emerging role of glutamate in the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia
    • Goff D.C., Coyle J.T. The emerging role of glutamate in the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 2001, 158:1367-1377.
    • (2001) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.158 , pp. 1367-1377
    • Goff, D.C.1    Coyle, J.T.2
  • 51
    • 77956917231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic versus extrasynaptic NMDA receptor signalling: implications for neurodegenerative disorders
    • Hardingham G.E., Bading H. Synaptic versus extrasynaptic NMDA receptor signalling: implications for neurodegenerative disorders. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2010, 11:682-696.
    • (2010) Nat. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 682-696
    • Hardingham, G.E.1    Bading, H.2
  • 52
    • 0027427150 scopus 로고
    • Competitive as well as uncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists affect cortical neuronal morphology and cerebral glucose metabolism
    • Hargreaves R.J., Rigby M., Smith D., Hill R.G., Iversen L.L. Competitive as well as uncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists affect cortical neuronal morphology and cerebral glucose metabolism. Neurochem. Res. 1993, 18:1263-1269.
    • (1993) Neurochem. Res. , vol.18 , pp. 1263-1269
    • Hargreaves, R.J.1    Rigby, M.2    Smith, D.3    Hill, R.G.4    Iversen, L.L.5
  • 53
    • 27844455892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamatergic neurotransmission modulators as emerging new drugs for schizophrenia
    • Heresco-Levy U. Glutamatergic neurotransmission modulators as emerging new drugs for schizophrenia. Expert Opin. Emerg. Drugs 2005, 10:827-844.
    • (2005) Expert Opin. Emerg. Drugs , vol.10 , pp. 827-844
    • Heresco-Levy, U.1
  • 55
    • 28444491442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional deficits in brain volume in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies
    • Honea R., Crow T.J., Passingham D., Mackay C.E. Regional deficits in brain volume in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies. Am. J. Psychiatry 2005, 162:2233-2245.
    • (2005) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.162 , pp. 2233-2245
    • Honea, R.1    Crow, T.J.2    Passingham, D.3    Mackay, C.E.4
  • 56
    • 40049102475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What happens after the first episode? A review of progressive brain changes in chronically ill patients with schizophrenia
    • Hulshoff Pol H.E., Kahn R.S. What happens after the first episode? A review of progressive brain changes in chronically ill patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 2008, 34:354-366.
    • (2008) Schizophr. Bull. , vol.34 , pp. 354-366
    • Hulshoff Pol, H.E.1    Kahn, R.S.2
  • 59
    • 67649914853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical changes in the rat prefrontal cortex following acute phencyclidine treatment: an in vivo localized (1)H MRS study
    • Iltis I., Koski D.M., Eberly L.E., Nelson C.D., Deelchand D.K., Valette J., Ugurbil K., Lim K.O., Henry P.G. Neurochemical changes in the rat prefrontal cortex following acute phencyclidine treatment: an in vivo localized (1)H MRS study. NMR Biomed. 2009, 22:737-744.
    • (2009) NMR Biomed. , vol.22 , pp. 737-744
    • Iltis, I.1    Koski, D.M.2    Eberly, L.E.3    Nelson, C.D.4    Deelchand, D.K.5    Valette, J.6    Ugurbil, K.7    Lim, K.O.8    Henry, P.G.9
  • 60
    • 33847355523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate and schizophrenia: phencyclidine, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, and dopamine-glutamate interactions
    • Javitt D.C. Glutamate and schizophrenia: phencyclidine, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, and dopamine-glutamate interactions. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 2007, 78:69-108.
    • (2007) Int. Rev. Neurobiol. , vol.78 , pp. 69-108
    • Javitt, D.C.1
  • 61
    • 0025952455 scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia
    • Javitt D.C., Zukin S.R. Recent advances in the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 1991, 148:1301-1308.
    • (1991) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.148 , pp. 1301-1308
    • Javitt, D.C.1    Zukin, S.R.2
  • 62
    • 84866674097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Has an angel shown the way? Etiological and therapeutic implications of the PCP/NMDA model of schizophrenia
    • Javitt D.C., Zukin S.R., Heresco-Levy U., Umbricht D. Has an angel shown the way? Etiological and therapeutic implications of the PCP/NMDA model of schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 2012, 38:958-966.
    • (2012) Schizophr. Bull. , vol.38 , pp. 958-966
    • Javitt, D.C.1    Zukin, S.R.2    Heresco-Levy, U.3    Umbricht, D.4
  • 63
    • 84857053838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamatergic transmission in schizophrenia: from basic research to clinical practice
    • Kantrowitz J., Javitt D.C. Glutamatergic transmission in schizophrenia: from basic research to clinical practice. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry 2012, 25:96-102.
    • (2012) Curr. Opin. Psychiatry , vol.25 , pp. 96-102
    • Kantrowitz, J.1    Javitt, D.C.2
  • 67
    • 77955306640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of hippocampal volume and N-acetylaspartate concentration deficits in schizophrenia: a combined MRI and 1H-MRS study
    • Klar A.A., Ballmaier M., Leopold K., Hake I., Schaefer M., Bruhl R., Schubert F., Gallinat J. Interaction of hippocampal volume and N-acetylaspartate concentration deficits in schizophrenia: a combined MRI and 1H-MRS study. NeuroImage 2010, 53:51-57.
    • (2010) NeuroImage , vol.53 , pp. 51-57
    • Klar, A.A.1    Ballmaier, M.2    Leopold, K.3    Hake, I.4    Schaefer, M.5    Bruhl, R.6    Schubert, F.7    Gallinat, J.8
  • 70
    • 84890084726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased hippocampal glutamate and volumetric deficits in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia
    • Kraguljac N.V., White D.M., Reid M.A., Lahti A.C. Increased hippocampal glutamate and volumetric deficits in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiatry 2013, 70:1294-1302.
    • (2013) JAMA Psychiatry , vol.70 , pp. 1294-1302
    • Kraguljac, N.V.1    White, D.M.2    Reid, M.A.3    Lahti, A.C.4
  • 71
    • 0033957629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociation of ketamine effects on rule acquisition and rule implementation: possible relevance to NMDA receptor contributions to executive cognitive functions
    • Krystal J.H., Bennett A., Abi-Saab D., Belger A., Karper L.P., D'Souza D.C., Lipschitz D., Abi-Dargham A., Charney D.S. Dissociation of ketamine effects on rule acquisition and rule implementation: possible relevance to NMDA receptor contributions to executive cognitive functions. Biol. Psychiatry 2000, 47:137-143.
    • (2000) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.47 , pp. 137-143
    • Krystal, J.H.1    Bennett, A.2    Abi-Saab, D.3    Belger, A.4    Karper, L.P.5    D'Souza, D.C.6    Lipschitz, D.7    Abi-Dargham, A.8    Charney, D.S.9
  • 75
    • 0028943849 scopus 로고
    • Ketamine activates psychosis and alters limbic blood flow in schizophrenia
    • Lahti A.C., Holcomb H.H., Medoff D.R., Tamminga C.A. Ketamine activates psychosis and alters limbic blood flow in schizophrenia. Neuroreport 1995, 6:869-872.
    • (1995) Neuroreport , vol.6 , pp. 869-872
    • Lahti, A.C.1    Holcomb, H.H.2    Medoff, D.R.3    Tamminga, C.A.4
  • 77
    • 79960314511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there evidence for neurotoxicity in the prodromal and early stages of schizophrenia?
    • Lahti A.C., Reid M.A. Is there evidence for neurotoxicity in the prodromal and early stages of schizophrenia?. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011, 36:1779-1780.
    • (2011) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.36 , pp. 1779-1780
    • Lahti, A.C.1    Reid, M.A.2
  • 78
    • 26944494494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential role of lamotrigine in schizophrenia
    • Large C.H., Webster E.L., Goff D.C. The potential role of lamotrigine in schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology 2005, 181:415-436.
    • (2005) Psychopharmacology , vol.181 , pp. 415-436
    • Large, C.H.1    Webster, E.L.2    Goff, D.C.3
  • 80
    • 77955570062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate receptors, neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration
    • Lau A., Tymianski M. Glutamate receptors, neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. Pflugers Arch. 2010, 460:525-542.
    • (2010) Pflugers Arch. , vol.460 , pp. 525-542
    • Lau, A.1    Tymianski, M.2
  • 81
    • 0031932403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain abnormality in schizophrenia. A systematic and quantitative review of volumetric magnetic resonance imaging studies
    • Lawrie S.M., Abukmeil S.S. Brain abnormality in schizophrenia. A systematic and quantitative review of volumetric magnetic resonance imaging studies. Br. J. Psychiatry 1998, 172:110-120.
    • (1998) Br. J. Psychiatry , vol.172 , pp. 110-120
    • Lawrie, S.M.1    Abukmeil, S.S.2
  • 82
    • 0035666578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The early stages of schizophrenia: speculations on pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches
    • Lieberman J.A., Perkins D., Belger A., Chakos M., Jarskog F., Boteva K., Gilmore J. The early stages of schizophrenia: speculations on pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches. Biol. Psychiatry 2001, 50:884-897.
    • (2001) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 884-897
    • Lieberman, J.A.1    Perkins, D.2    Belger, A.3    Chakos, M.4    Jarskog, F.5    Boteva, K.6    Gilmore, J.7
  • 83
    • 0033804148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment refractory schizophrenia
    • Lindenmayer J.P. Treatment refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatr. Q. 2000, 71:373-384.
    • (2000) Psychiatr. Q. , vol.71 , pp. 373-384
    • Lindenmayer, J.P.1
  • 84
    • 0037475156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ketamine and N-methyl-d-aspartate on glutamate and dopamine release in the rat prefrontal cortex: modulation by a group II selective metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist LY379268
    • Lorrain D.S., Baccei C.S., Bristow L.J., Anderson J.J., Varney M.A. Effects of ketamine and N-methyl-d-aspartate on glutamate and dopamine release in the rat prefrontal cortex: modulation by a group II selective metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist LY379268. Neuroscience 2003, 117:697-706.
    • (2003) Neuroscience , vol.117 , pp. 697-706
    • Lorrain, D.S.1    Baccei, C.S.2    Bristow, L.J.3    Anderson, J.J.4    Varney, M.A.5
  • 89
    • 82755193679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging and the question of neurodegeneration in schizophrenia
    • Meyer-Lindenberg A. Neuroimaging and the question of neurodegeneration in schizophrenia. Prog. Neurobiol. 2011, 95:514-516.
    • (2011) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.95 , pp. 514-516
    • Meyer-Lindenberg, A.1
  • 90
    • 84870057403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia: a critical review of the pharmacology and clinical effects of current and future therapeutic agents
    • Miyamoto S., Miyake N., Jarskog L.F., Fleischhacker W.W., Lieberman J.A. Pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia: a critical review of the pharmacology and clinical effects of current and future therapeutic agents. Mol. Psychiatry 2012, 17:1206-1227.
    • (2012) Mol. Psychiatry , vol.17 , pp. 1206-1227
    • Miyamoto, S.1    Miyake, N.2    Jarskog, L.F.3    Fleischhacker, W.W.4    Lieberman, J.A.5
  • 91
    • 0030900732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of glutamatergic neurotransmission by ketamine: a novel step in the pathway from NMDA receptor blockade to dopaminergic and cognitive disruptions associated with the prefrontal cortex
    • Moghaddam B., Adams B., Verma A., Daly D. Activation of glutamatergic neurotransmission by ketamine: a novel step in the pathway from NMDA receptor blockade to dopaminergic and cognitive disruptions associated with the prefrontal cortex. J. Neurosci. 1997, 17:2921-2927.
    • (1997) J. Neurosci. , vol.17 , pp. 2921-2927
    • Moghaddam, B.1    Adams, B.2    Verma, A.3    Daly, D.4
  • 92
    • 0032575715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal of phencyclidine effects by a group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist in rats
    • (New York, N.Y.)
    • Moghaddam B., Adams B.W. Reversal of phencyclidine effects by a group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist in rats. Science 1998, 281:1349-1352. (New York, N.Y.).
    • (1998) Science , vol.281 , pp. 1349-1352
    • Moghaddam, B.1    Adams, B.W.2
  • 93
    • 84856120944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From revolution to evolution: the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia and its implication for treatment
    • Moghaddam B., Javitt D. From revolution to evolution: the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia and its implication for treatment. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012, 37:4-15.
    • (2012) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.37 , pp. 4-15
    • Moghaddam, B.1    Javitt, D.2
  • 94
    • 84866652398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capturing the angel in "angel dust": twenty years of translational neuroscience studies of NMDA receptor antagonists in animals and humans
    • Moghaddam B., Krystal J.H. Capturing the angel in "angel dust": twenty years of translational neuroscience studies of NMDA receptor antagonists in animals and humans. Schizophr. Bull. 2012, 38:942-949.
    • (2012) Schizophr. Bull. , vol.38 , pp. 942-949
    • Moghaddam, B.1    Krystal, J.H.2
  • 95
    • 77957130430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of the effects of antipsychotic drugs on brain volume
    • Moncrieff J., Leo J. A systematic review of the effects of antipsychotic drugs on brain volume. Psychol. Med. 2010, 40:1409-1422.
    • (2010) Psychol. Med. , vol.40 , pp. 1409-1422
    • Moncrieff, J.1    Leo, J.2
  • 96
    • 78649664703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of S-ketamine induced psychosis during overt continuous verbal fluency
    • Nagels A., Kirner-Veselinovic A., Krach S., Kircher T. Neural correlates of S-ketamine induced psychosis during overt continuous verbal fluency. NeuroImage 2011, 54:1307-1314.
    • (2011) NeuroImage , vol.54 , pp. 1307-1314
    • Nagels, A.1    Kirner-Veselinovic, A.2    Krach, S.3    Kircher, T.4
  • 100
    • 70449641192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do antipsychotic drugs affect brain structure? A systematic and critical review of MRI findings
    • Navari S., Dazzan P. Do antipsychotic drugs affect brain structure? A systematic and critical review of MRI findings. Psychol. Med. 2009, 39:1763-1777.
    • (2009) Psychol. Med. , vol.39 , pp. 1763-1777
    • Navari, S.1    Dazzan, P.2
  • 103
    • 11844304922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for glutamatergic neuronal dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex in chronic but not in first-episode patients with schizophrenia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
    • Ohrmann P., Siegmund A., Suslow T., Spitzberg K., Kersting A., Arolt V., Heindel W., Pfleiderer B. Evidence for glutamatergic neuronal dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex in chronic but not in first-episode patients with schizophrenia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Schizophr. Res. 2005, 73:153-157.
    • (2005) Schizophr. Res. , vol.73 , pp. 153-157
    • Ohrmann, P.1    Siegmund, A.2    Suslow, T.3    Spitzberg, K.4    Kersting, A.5    Arolt, V.6    Heindel, W.7    Pfleiderer, B.8
  • 104
    • 0242319588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of LY379268, a selective group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, on dizocilpine-induced neuropathological changes in rat retrosplenial cortex
    • Okamura N., Hashimoto K., Shimizu E., Koike K., Ohgake S., Koizumi H., Kumakiri C., Komatsu N., Iyo M. Protective effect of LY379268, a selective group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, on dizocilpine-induced neuropathological changes in rat retrosplenial cortex. Brain Res. 2003, 992:114-119.
    • (2003) Brain Res. , vol.992 , pp. 114-119
    • Okamura, N.1    Hashimoto, K.2    Shimizu, E.3    Koike, K.4    Ohgake, S.5    Koizumi, H.6    Kumakiri, C.7    Komatsu, N.8    Iyo, M.9
  • 105
    • 0014668762 scopus 로고
    • Brain lesions, obesity, and other disturbances in mice treated with monosodium glutamate
    • (New York, N.Y.)
    • Olney J.W. Brain lesions, obesity, and other disturbances in mice treated with monosodium glutamate. Science 1969, 164:719-721. (New York, N.Y.).
    • (1969) Science , vol.164 , pp. 719-721
    • Olney, J.W.1
  • 106
    • 0028850552 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate receptor dysfunction and schizophrenia
    • Olney J.W., Farber N.B. Glutamate receptor dysfunction and schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1995, 52:998-1007.
    • (1995) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 998-1007
    • Olney, J.W.1    Farber, N.B.2
  • 107
    • 0024338054 scopus 로고
    • Pathological changes induced in cerebrocortical neurons by phencyclidine and related drugs
    • (New York, N.Y.)
    • Olney J.W., Labruyere J., Price M.T. Pathological changes induced in cerebrocortical neurons by phencyclidine and related drugs. Science 1989, 244:1360-1362. (New York, N.Y.).
    • (1989) Science , vol.244 , pp. 1360-1362
    • Olney, J.W.1    Labruyere, J.2    Price, M.T.3
  • 108
  • 109
    • 0014682523 scopus 로고
    • Brain lesions in an infant rhesus monkey treated with monsodium glutamate
    • (New York, N.Y.)
    • Olney J.W., Sharpe L.G. Brain lesions in an infant rhesus monkey treated with monsodium glutamate. Science 1969, 166:386-388. (New York, N.Y.).
    • (1969) Science , vol.166 , pp. 386-388
    • Olney, J.W.1    Sharpe, L.G.2
  • 113
    • 39149114402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated 3T proton MRS glutamate levels associated with poor Continuous Performance Test (CPT-0X) scores and genetic risk for schizophrenia
    • Purdon S.E., Valiakalayil A., Hanstock C.C., Seres P., Tibbo P. Elevated 3T proton MRS glutamate levels associated with poor Continuous Performance Test (CPT-0X) scores and genetic risk for schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2008, 99:218-224.
    • (2008) Schizophr. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 218-224
    • Purdon, S.E.1    Valiakalayil, A.2    Hanstock, C.C.3    Seres, P.4    Tibbo, P.5
  • 115
    • 0024517165 scopus 로고
    • Ketamine: an update on the first twenty-five years of clinical experience
    • Reich D.L., Silvay G. Ketamine: an update on the first twenty-five years of clinical experience. Can. J. Anaesth. 1989, 36:186-197.
    • (1989) Can. J. Anaesth. , vol.36 , pp. 186-197
    • Reich, D.L.1    Silvay, G.2
  • 118
    • 11844305557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic phencyclidine administration induces schizophrenia-like changes in N-acetylaspartate and N-acetylaspartylglutamate in rat brain
    • Reynolds L.M., Cochran S.M., Morris B.J., Pratt J.A., Reynolds G.P. Chronic phencyclidine administration induces schizophrenia-like changes in N-acetylaspartate and N-acetylaspartylglutamate in rat brain. Schizophr. Res. 2005, 73:147-152.
    • (2005) Schizophr. Res. , vol.73 , pp. 147-152
    • Reynolds, L.M.1    Cochran, S.M.2    Morris, B.J.3    Pratt, J.A.4    Reynolds, G.P.5
  • 126
    • 0016592484 scopus 로고
    • Antipsychotic drugs: direct correlation between clinical potency and presynaptic action on dopamine neurons
    • (New York, N.Y.)
    • Seeman P., Lee T. Antipsychotic drugs: direct correlation between clinical potency and presynaptic action on dopamine neurons. Science 1975, 188:1217-1219. (New York, N.Y.).
    • (1975) Science , vol.188 , pp. 1217-1219
    • Seeman, P.1    Lee, T.2
  • 127
    • 0028171919 scopus 로고
    • Phencyclidine induction of the hsp 70 stress gene in injured pyramidal neurons is mediated via multiple receptors and voltage gated calcium channels
    • Sharp F.R., Butman M., Koistinaho J., Aardalen K., Nakki R., Massa S.M., Swanson R.A., Sagar S.M. Phencyclidine induction of the hsp 70 stress gene in injured pyramidal neurons is mediated via multiple receptors and voltage gated calcium channels. Neuroscience 1994, 62:1079-1092.
    • (1994) Neuroscience , vol.62 , pp. 1079-1092
    • Sharp, F.R.1    Butman, M.2    Koistinaho, J.3    Aardalen, K.4    Nakki, R.5    Massa, S.M.6    Swanson, R.A.7    Sagar, S.M.8
  • 128
    • 0025786634 scopus 로고
    • MK-801 and ketamine induce heat shock protein HSP72 in injured neurons in posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortex
    • Sharp F.R., Jasper P., Hall J., Noble L., Sagar S.M. MK-801 and ketamine induce heat shock protein HSP72 in injured neurons in posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortex. Ann. Neurol. 1991, 30:801-809.
    • (1991) Ann. Neurol. , vol.30 , pp. 801-809
    • Sharp, F.R.1    Jasper, P.2    Hall, J.3    Noble, L.4    Sagar, S.M.5
  • 129
    • 0035370757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychosis: pathological activation of limbic thalamocortical circuits by psychomimetics and schizophrenia?
    • Sharp F.R., Tomitaka M., Bernaudin M., Tomitaka S. Psychosis: pathological activation of limbic thalamocortical circuits by psychomimetics and schizophrenia?. Trends Neurosci. 2001, 24:330-334.
    • (2001) Trends Neurosci. , vol.24 , pp. 330-334
    • Sharp, F.R.1    Tomitaka, M.2    Bernaudin, M.3    Tomitaka, S.4
  • 130
    • 0029116492 scopus 로고
    • DNQX inhibits phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine induction of the hsp70 heat shock gene in the rat cingulate and retrosplenial cortex
    • Sharp J.W., Petersen D.L., Langford M.T. DNQX inhibits phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine induction of the hsp70 heat shock gene in the rat cingulate and retrosplenial cortex. Brain Res. 1995, 687:114-124.
    • (1995) Brain Res. , vol.687 , pp. 114-124
    • Sharp, J.W.1    Petersen, D.L.2    Langford, M.T.3
  • 133
    • 30744443492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of brain metabolites by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Steen R.G., Hamer R.M., Lieberman J.A. Measurement of brain metabolites by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005, 30:1949-1962.
    • (2005) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.30 , pp. 1949-1962
    • Steen, R.G.1    Hamer, R.M.2    Lieberman, J.A.3
  • 134
    • 33744901419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain volume in first-episode schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging studies
    • Steen R.G., Mull C., McClure R., Hamer R.M., Lieberman J.A. Brain volume in first-episode schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging studies. Br. J. Psychiatry 2006, 188:510-518.
    • (2006) Br. J. Psychiatry , vol.188 , pp. 510-518
    • Steen, R.G.1    Mull, C.2    McClure, R.3    Hamer, R.M.4    Lieberman, J.A.5
  • 138
    • 34447547642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate and dopamine dysregulation in schizophrenia-a synthesis and selective review
    • Stone J.M., Morrison P.D., Pilowsky L.S. Glutamate and dopamine dysregulation in schizophrenia-a synthesis and selective review. J. Psychopharmacol. 2007, 21:440-452.
    • (2007) J. Psychopharmacol. , vol.21 , pp. 440-452
    • Stone, J.M.1    Morrison, P.D.2    Pilowsky, L.S.3
  • 139
    • 0344305525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia as a complex trait: evidence from a meta-analysis of twin studies
    • Sullivan P.F., Kendler K.S., Neale M.C. Schizophrenia as a complex trait: evidence from a meta-analysis of twin studies. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2003, 60:1187-1192.
    • (2003) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.60 , pp. 1187-1192
    • Sullivan, P.F.1    Kendler, K.S.2    Neale, M.C.3
  • 141
    • 84881023457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain metabolite alterations in young adults at familial high risk for schizophrenia using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Tandon N., Bolo N.R., Sanghavi K., Mathew I.T., Francis A.N., Stanley J.A., Keshavan M.S. Brain metabolite alterations in young adults at familial high risk for schizophrenia using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Schizophr. Res. 2013, 148:59-66.
    • (2013) Schizophr. Res. , vol.148 , pp. 59-66
    • Tandon, N.1    Bolo, N.R.2    Sanghavi, K.3    Mathew, I.T.4    Francis, A.N.5    Stanley, J.A.6    Keshavan, M.S.7
  • 142
    • 7244220611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate and glutamine in the anterior cingulate and thalamus of medicated patients with chronic schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects measured with 4.0-T proton MRS
    • Theberge J., Al-Semaan Y., Williamson P.C., Menon R.S., Neufeld R.W., Rajakumar N., Schaefer B., Densmore M., Drost D.J. Glutamate and glutamine in the anterior cingulate and thalamus of medicated patients with chronic schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects measured with 4.0-T proton MRS. Am. J. Psychiatry 2003, 160:2231-2233.
    • (2003) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.160 , pp. 2231-2233
    • Theberge, J.1    Al-Semaan, Y.2    Williamson, P.C.3    Menon, R.S.4    Neufeld, R.W.5    Rajakumar, N.6    Schaefer, B.7    Densmore, M.8    Drost, D.J.9
  • 145
    • 0034094275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral blockade of NMDA receptors in anterior thalamus by dizocilpine (MK-801) injures pyramidal neurons in rat retrosplenial cortex
    • Tomitaka S., Tomitaka M., Tolliver B.K., Sharp F.R. Bilateral blockade of NMDA receptors in anterior thalamus by dizocilpine (MK-801) injures pyramidal neurons in rat retrosplenial cortex. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2000, 12:1420-1430.
    • (2000) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.12 , pp. 1420-1430
    • Tomitaka, S.1    Tomitaka, M.2    Tolliver, B.K.3    Sharp, F.R.4
  • 146
    • 84890452913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural brain changes associated with antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia as revealed by voxel-based morphometric MRI: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis
    • Torres U.S., Portela-Oliveira E., Borgwardt S., Busatto G.F. Structural brain changes associated with antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia as revealed by voxel-based morphometric MRI: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2013, 13:342.
    • (2013) BMC Psychiatry , vol.13 , pp. 342
    • Torres, U.S.1    Portela-Oliveira, E.2    Borgwardt, S.3    Busatto, G.F.4
  • 147
  • 148
    • 0032532459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamatergic neurotransmission involves structural and clinical deficits of schizophrenia
    • Tsai G., van Kammen D.P., Chen S., Kelley M.E., Grier A., Coyle J.T. Glutamatergic neurotransmission involves structural and clinical deficits of schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 1998, 44:667-674.
    • (1998) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.44 , pp. 667-674
    • Tsai, G.1    van Kammen, D.P.2    Chen, S.3    Kelley, M.E.4    Grier, A.5    Coyle, J.T.6
  • 150
    • 43549086877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automated MRI parcellation study of regional volume and thickness of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia
    • Venkatasubramanian G., Jayakumar P.N., Gangadhar B.N., Keshavan M.S. Automated MRI parcellation study of regional volume and thickness of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 2008, 117:420-431.
    • (2008) Acta Psychiatr. Scand. , vol.117 , pp. 420-431
    • Venkatasubramanian, G.1    Jayakumar, P.N.2    Gangadhar, B.N.3    Keshavan, M.S.4
  • 151
    • 84870855298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive loss of cortical gray matter in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis and meta-regression of longitudinal MRI studies
    • Vita A., De Peri L., Deste G., Sacchetti E. Progressive loss of cortical gray matter in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis and meta-regression of longitudinal MRI studies. Transl. Psychiatry 2012, 2:e190.
    • (2012) Transl. Psychiatry , vol.2 , pp. e190
    • Vita, A.1    De Peri, L.2    Deste, G.3    Sacchetti, E.4
  • 153
    • 0035891880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systems model of altered consciousness: integrating natural and drug-induced psychoses
    • Vollenweider F.X., Geyer M.A. A systems model of altered consciousness: integrating natural and drug-induced psychoses. Brain Res. Bull. 2001, 56:495-507.
    • (2001) Brain Res. Bull. , vol.56 , pp. 495-507
    • Vollenweider, F.X.1    Geyer, M.A.2
  • 154
  • 156
    • 0142074894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gyrification abnormalities in childhood- and adolescent-onset schizophrenia
    • White T., Andreasen N.C., Nopoulos P., Magnotta V. Gyrification abnormalities in childhood- and adolescent-onset schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 2003, 54:418-426.
    • (2003) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.54 , pp. 418-426
    • White, T.1    Andreasen, N.C.2    Nopoulos, P.3    Magnotta, V.4
  • 158
    • 84866250298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The course of brain abnormalities in schizophrenia: can we slow the progression?
    • van Haren N.E., Cahn W., Hulshoff Pol H.E., Kahn R.S. The course of brain abnormalities in schizophrenia: can we slow the progression?. J. Psychopharmacol. 2012, 26:8-14.
    • (2012) J. Psychopharmacol. , vol.26 , pp. 8-14
    • van Haren, N.E.1    Cahn, W.2    Hulshoff Pol, H.E.3    Kahn, R.S.4
  • 159
    • 36849076332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive brain volume loss in schizophrenia over the course of the illness: evidence of maturational abnormalities in early adulthood
    • van Haren N.E., Hulshoff Pol H.E., Schnack H.G., Cahn W., Brans R., Carati I., Rais M., Kahn R.S. Progressive brain volume loss in schizophrenia over the course of the illness: evidence of maturational abnormalities in early adulthood. Biol. Psychiatry 2008, 63:106-113.
    • (2008) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.63 , pp. 106-113
    • van Haren, N.E.1    Hulshoff Pol, H.E.2    Schnack, H.G.3    Cahn, W.4    Brans, R.5    Carati, I.6    Rais, M.7    Kahn, R.S.8
  • 161
    • 68949180394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia
    • van Os J., Kapur S. Schizophrenia. Lancet 2009, 374:635-645.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , pp. 635-645
    • van Os, J.1    Kapur, S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.