메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 148, Issue 1-3, 2013, Pages 59-66

Brain metabolite alterations in young adults at familial high risk for schizophrenia using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Author keywords

Early psychosis; High risk; Schizophrenia; Spectroscopy

Indexed keywords

CHOLINE; GLUTAMIC ACID; GLUTAMINE; N ACETYLASPARTIC ACID;

EID: 84881023457     PISSN: 09209964     EISSN: 15732509     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.05.024     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (54)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 33646825641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What have we learned from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy about schizophrenia? A critical update
    • Abbott C., Bustillo J. What have we learned from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy about schizophrenia? A critical update. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry 2006, 19:135-139.
    • (2006) Curr. Opin. Psychiatry , vol.19 , pp. 135-139
    • Abbott, C.1    Bustillo, J.2
  • 2
    • 77949657187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal alterations of executive function in non-psychotic adolescents at familial risk for schizophrenia
    • Bhojraj T.S., Sweeney J.A., Prasad K.M., et al. Longitudinal alterations of executive function in non-psychotic adolescents at familial risk for schizophrenia. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 2010, 34:469-474.
    • (2010) Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry , vol.34 , pp. 469-474
    • Bhojraj, T.S.1    Sweeney, J.A.2    Prasad, K.M.3
  • 3
    • 78650847050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gray matter loss in young relatives at risk for schizophrenia: relation with prodromal psychopathology
    • Bhojraj T.S., Sweeney J.A., Prasad K.M., et al. Gray matter loss in young relatives at risk for schizophrenia: relation with prodromal psychopathology. NeuroImage 2011, 54(Suppl.1):S272-S279.
    • (2011) NeuroImage , vol.54 , Issue.SUPPL.1
    • Bhojraj, T.S.1    Sweeney, J.A.2    Prasad, K.M.3
  • 4
    • 36148988271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural brain abnormalities in individuals with an at-risk mental state who later develop psychosis
    • Borgwardt S.J., McGuire P.K., Aston J., et al. Structural brain abnormalities in individuals with an at-risk mental state who later develop psychosis. Br. J. Psychiatry Suppl. 2007, 51:68-75.
    • (2007) Br. J. Psychiatry Suppl. , vol.51 , pp. 68-75
    • Borgwardt, S.J.1    McGuire, P.K.2    Aston, J.3
  • 5
    • 0042278292 scopus 로고
    • In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift imaging by selective irradiation
    • Bottomley P.A., Foster T.H., Leue W.M. In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift imaging by selective irradiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1984, 81:6856-6860.
    • (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.81 , pp. 6856-6860
    • Bottomley, P.A.1    Foster, T.H.2    Leue, W.M.3
  • 6
    • 79951682529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and illness stage in schizophrenia - a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Brugger S., Davis J.M., Leucht S., Stone J.M. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and illness stage in schizophrenia - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol. Psychiatry 2011, 69:495-503.
    • (2011) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.69 , pp. 495-503
    • Brugger, S.1    Davis, J.M.2    Leucht, S.3    Stone, J.M.4
  • 7
    • 80051800407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of limbic structures displays metabolite differences in young unaffected relatives of schizophrenia probands
    • Capizzano A.A., Toscano J.L.N., Ho B.-C. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of limbic structures displays metabolite differences in young unaffected relatives of schizophrenia probands. Schizophr. Res. 2011, 131:4-10.
    • (2011) Schizophr. Res. , vol.131 , pp. 4-10
    • Capizzano, A.A.1    Toscano, J.L.N.2    Ho, B.-C.3
  • 8
    • 0035828157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (1)H-MR spectroscopy differentiates mild cognitive impairment from normal brain aging
    • Catani M., Cherubini A., Howard R., et al. (1)H-MR spectroscopy differentiates mild cognitive impairment from normal brain aging. Neuroreport 2001, 12:2315-2317.
    • (2001) Neuroreport , vol.12 , pp. 2315-2317
    • Catani, M.1    Cherubini, A.2    Howard, R.3
  • 10
    • 2642514620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thalamic dysfunction in schizophrenia: neurochemical, neuropathological, and in-vivo imaging abnormalities
    • Clinton S.M., Meador-Woodruff J.H. Thalamic dysfunction in schizophrenia: neurochemical, neuropathological, and in-vivo imaging abnormalities. Schizophr. Res. 2004, 69:237-253.
    • (2004) Schizophr. Res. , vol.69 , pp. 237-253
    • Clinton, S.M.1    Meador-Woodruff, J.H.2
  • 11
    • 0032769093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical surface-basedanalysis. 1. Segmentation and surface reconstruction
    • Dale A., Fischl B., Sereno M. Cortical surface-basedanalysis. 1. Segmentation and surface reconstruction. NeuroImage 1999, 9:179-194.
    • (1999) NeuroImage , vol.9 , pp. 179-194
    • Dale, A.1    Fischl, B.2    Sereno, M.3
  • 12
    • 79960306528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher levels of glutamate in the associative-striatum of subjects with prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia and patients with first-episode psychosis
    • de la Fuente-Sandoval C., Leon-Ortiz P., Favila R., et al. Higher levels of glutamate in the associative-striatum of subjects with prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia and patients with first-episode psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011, 36:1781-1791.
    • (2011) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.36 , pp. 1781-1791
    • de la Fuente-Sandoval, C.1    Leon-Ortiz, P.2    Favila, R.3
  • 14
    • 0028787378 scopus 로고
    • The New York High-Risk Project. Psychoses and cluster A personality disorders in offspring of schizophrenic parents at 23years of follow-up
    • Erlenmeyer-Kimling L., Squires-Wheeler E., Adamo U.H., et al. The New York High-Risk Project. Psychoses and cluster A personality disorders in offspring of schizophrenic parents at 23years of follow-up. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1995, 52:857-865.
    • (1995) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 857-865
    • Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L.1    Squires-Wheeler, E.2    Adamo, U.H.3
  • 15
    • 0002429690 scopus 로고
    • Absolute quantitation of water and metabolites in the human brain. 1. Compartments and water
    • Ernst T., Kreis R., Ross B.D. Absolute quantitation of water and metabolites in the human brain. 1. Compartments and water. J. Magn. Reson. B 1993, 102:1-8.
    • (1993) J. Magn. Reson. B , vol.102 , pp. 1-8
    • Ernst, T.1    Kreis, R.2    Ross, B.D.3
  • 16
    • 18244406829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole brain segmentation: automated labeling of neuroanatomical structures in the human brain
    • Fischl B., Salat D.H., Busa E., et al. Whole brain segmentation: automated labeling of neuroanatomical structures in the human brain. Neuron 2002, 33:341-355.
    • (2002) Neuron , vol.33 , pp. 341-355
    • Fischl, B.1    Salat, D.H.2    Busa, E.3
  • 17
    • 84871989449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The psychosis high-risk state: a comprehensive state-of-the-art review
    • Fusar-Poli P., Borgwardt S., Bechdolf A., et al. The psychosis high-risk state: a comprehensive state-of-the-art review. JAMA Psychiatry 2013, 70:107-120.
    • (2013) JAMA Psychiatry , vol.70 , pp. 107-120
    • Fusar-Poli, P.1    Borgwardt, S.2    Bechdolf, A.3
  • 21
    • 46749117933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The principles of quantification applied to in vivo proton MR spectroscopy
    • Helms G. The principles of quantification applied to in vivo proton MR spectroscopy. Eur. J. Radiol. 2008, 67:218-229.
    • (2008) Eur. J. Radiol. , vol.67 , pp. 218-229
    • Helms, G.1
  • 23
    • 33748888035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in subjects at risk for schizophrenia
    • Jessen F., Scherk H., Traber F., et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in subjects at risk for schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2006, 87:81-88.
    • (2006) Schizophr. Res. , vol.87 , pp. 81-88
    • Jessen, F.1    Scherk, H.2    Traber, F.3
  • 24
    • 79958179587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for school-age children: present and life-time version (K-SADS-PL)
    • John Wiley and Sons, New York
    • Kaufman J., Schweder A.E. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for school-age children: present and life-time version (K-SADS-PL). Comprehensive Textbook of Psychological Assessment 2003, vol. 2:247-255. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
    • (2003) Comprehensive Textbook of Psychological Assessment , vol.2 , pp. 247-255
    • Kaufman, J.1    Schweder, A.E.2
  • 26
    • 56049085809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia, "just the facts" 3. Neurobiology and pathophysiology
    • Keshavan M.S., Tandon R., Boutros N., Nasrallah H.A. Schizophrenia, "just the facts" 3. Neurobiology and pathophysiology. Schizophr. Res. 2008, 106:89-107.
    • (2008) Schizophr. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 89-107
    • Keshavan, M.S.1    Tandon, R.2    Boutros, N.3    Nasrallah, H.A.4
  • 28
    • 78651322489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurocognitive performance in subjects at high risk for schizophrenia: a comparison with first-episode schizophrenia
    • Kim K.R., Park J.Y., Song D.-H., et al. Neurocognitive performance in subjects at high risk for schizophrenia: a comparison with first-episode schizophrenia. Compr. Psychiatry 2011, 52:33-40.
    • (2011) Compr. Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 33-40
    • Kim, K.R.1    Park, J.Y.2    Song, D.-H.3
  • 29
    • 0141568783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regionally localized thinning of the cerebral cortex in schizophrenia
    • Kuperberg G.R., Broome M.R., McGuire P.K., et al. Regionally localized thinning of the cerebral cortex in schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2003, 60:878-888.
    • (2003) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.60 , pp. 878-888
    • Kuperberg, G.R.1    Broome, M.R.2    McGuire, P.K.3
  • 30
    • 49049108564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dimensional structure of the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales: factor identification and construct validity
    • Kwapil T.R., Barrantes-Vidal N., Silvia P.J. The dimensional structure of the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales: factor identification and construct validity. Schizophr. Bull. 2008, 34:444-457.
    • (2008) Schizophr. Bull. , vol.34 , pp. 444-457
    • Kwapil, T.R.1    Barrantes-Vidal, N.2    Silvia, P.J.3
  • 31
    • 40049090664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain structure and function changes during the development of schizophrenia: the evidence from studies of subjects at increased genetic risk
    • Lawrie S.M., McIntosh A.M., Hall J., et al. Brain structure and function changes during the development of schizophrenia: the evidence from studies of subjects at increased genetic risk. Schizophr. Bull. 2008, 34:330-340.
    • (2008) Schizophr. Bull. , vol.34 , pp. 330-340
    • Lawrie, S.M.1    McIntosh, A.M.2    Hall, J.3
  • 32
    • 0028273087 scopus 로고
    • Psychometric high-risk paradigm, perceptual aberrations, and schizotypy: an update
    • Lenzenweger M.F. Psychometric high-risk paradigm, perceptual aberrations, and schizotypy: an update. Schizophr. Bull. 1994, 20:121-135.
    • (1994) Schizophr. Bull. , vol.20 , pp. 121-135
    • Lenzenweger, M.F.1
  • 33
    • 59449095863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroanatomical differences between familial and sporadic schizophrenia and their parents: an optimized voxel-based morphometry study
    • Liu S., Deng W., Huang X., et al. Neuroanatomical differences between familial and sporadic schizophrenia and their parents: an optimized voxel-based morphometry study. Psychiatry Res. 2009, 171:71-81.
    • (2009) Psychiatry Res. , vol.171 , pp. 71-81
    • Liu, S.1    Deng, W.2    Huang, X.3
  • 35
    • 79955479434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal volume reductions in people at high genetic risk of schizophrenia as they develop psychosis
    • McIntosh A.M., Owens D.G.C., Moorhead W.J., et al. Longitudinal volume reductions in people at high genetic risk of schizophrenia as they develop psychosis. Biol. Psychiatry 2011, 69:953-958.
    • (2011) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.69 , pp. 953-958
    • McIntosh, A.M.1    Owens, D.G.C.2    Moorhead, W.J.3
  • 36
    • 46249107347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural brain alterations in subjects at high risk of psychosis: a voxel-based morphometric study
    • Meisenzahl E.M., Koutsouleris N., Gaser C., et al. Structural brain alterations in subjects at high risk of psychosis: a voxel-based morphometric study. Schizophr. Res. 2008, 102:150-162.
    • (2008) Schizophr. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 150-162
    • Meisenzahl, E.M.1    Koutsouleris, N.2    Gaser, C.3
  • 37
    • 0036241144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective diagnosis of the initial prodrome for schizophrenia based on the structured interview for prodromal syndromes: preliminary evidence of inter-rater reliability and predictive validity
    • Miller T.J., McGlashan T.H., Rosen J.L. Prospective diagnosis of the initial prodrome for schizophrenia based on the structured interview for prodromal syndromes: preliminary evidence of inter-rater reliability and predictive validity. Am. J. Psychiatry 2002, 159:863-865.
    • (2002) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.159 , pp. 863-865
    • Miller, T.J.1    McGlashan, T.H.2    Rosen, J.L.3
  • 38
    • 33847141978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-acetylaspartate in the CNS: from neurodiagnostics to neurobiology
    • Moffett J.R., Ross B., Arun P., et al. N-acetylaspartate in the CNS: from neurodiagnostics to neurobiology. Prog. Neurobiol. 2007, 81:89-131.
    • (2007) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.81 , pp. 89-131
    • Moffett, J.R.1    Ross, B.2    Arun, P.3
  • 40
    • 0027375098 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of metabolite concentrations from localized in vivo proton NMR spectra
    • Provencher S.W. Estimation of metabolite concentrations from localized in vivo proton NMR spectra. Magn. Reson. Med. 1993, 30:672-679.
    • (1993) Magn. Reson. Med. , vol.30 , pp. 672-679
    • Provencher, S.W.1
  • 41
    • 39149114402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated 3T proton MRS glutamate levels associated with poor Continuous Performance Test (CPT-OX) scores and genetic risk for schizophrenia
    • Purdon S.E., Valiakalayil A., Hanstock C.C., et al. Elevated 3T proton MRS glutamate levels associated with poor Continuous Performance Test (CPT-OX) scores and genetic risk for schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2008, 99:218-224.
    • (2008) Schizophr. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 218-224
    • Purdon, S.E.1    Valiakalayil, A.2    Hanstock, C.C.3
  • 42
    • 77749243408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
    • 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Acta Radiol. 2010, 51:309-315.
    • (2010) Acta Radiol. , vol.51 , pp. 309-315
    • Raininko, R.1    Mattsson, P.2
  • 43
    • 71849110853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific metabolites in the medial prefrontal cortex are associated with the neurocognitive deficits of schizophrenia
    • Shirayama Y., Obata T., Matsuzawa D., et al. Specific metabolites in the medial prefrontal cortex are associated with the neurocognitive deficits of schizophrenia. NeuroImage 2010, 49:2783-2790.
    • (2010) NeuroImage , vol.49 , pp. 2783-2790
    • Shirayama, Y.1    Obata, T.2    Matsuzawa, D.3
  • 45
    • 77949913128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging predictors of transition to psychosis - a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Smieskova R., Fusar-Poli P., Allen P., et al. Neuroimaging predictors of transition to psychosis - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2010, 34:1207-1222.
    • (2010) Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. , vol.34 , pp. 1207-1222
    • Smieskova, R.1    Fusar-Poli, P.2    Allen, P.3
  • 46
    • 7044260964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in functional and structural MR analysis and implementation as FSL
    • Smith S.M., Jenkison M., Woolrich M.W., et al. Advances in functional and structural MR analysis and implementation as FSL. NeuroImage 2004, 23(Suppl.1):208-219.
    • (2004) NeuroImage , vol.23 , Issue.SUPPL.1 , pp. 208-219
    • Smith, S.M.1    Jenkison, M.2    Woolrich, M.W.3
  • 47
    • 0026769858 scopus 로고
    • The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID). 1. History, rationale, and description
    • Spitzer R.L., Williams J.B., Gibbons M., First M.B. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID). 1. History, rationale, and description. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1992, 49:624-629.
    • (1992) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 624-629
    • Spitzer, R.L.1    Williams, J.B.2    Gibbons, M.3    First, M.B.4
  • 49
    • 30744443492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005, 30:1949-1962.
    • (2005) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.30 , pp. 1949-1962
    • Steen, R.G.1    Hamer, R.M.2    Lieberman, J.A.3
  • 50
    • 68949183330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate dysfunction in people with prodromal symptoms of psychosis: relationship to gray matter volume
    • Stone J.M., Day F., Tsagaraki H., et al. Glutamate dysfunction in people with prodromal symptoms of psychosis: relationship to gray matter volume. Biol. Psychiatry 2009, 66:533-539.
    • (2009) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.66 , pp. 533-539
    • Stone, J.M.1    Day, F.2    Tsagaraki, H.3
  • 51
    • 77956934157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered relationship between hippocampal glutamate levels and striatal dopamine function in subjects at ultra-high risk of psychosis
    • Stone J.M., Howes O.D., Eggerton A., et al. Altered relationship between hippocampal glutamate levels and striatal dopamine function in subjects at ultra-high risk of psychosis. Biol. Psychiatry 2010, 68:599-602.
    • (2010) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.68 , pp. 599-602
    • Stone, J.M.1    Howes, O.D.2    Eggerton, A.3
  • 52
    • 46149107031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of hippocampal volumes measured using a manual method and two automated methods (FreeSurfer and IBASPM) in chronic major depressive disorder
    • Tae W.S., Kim S.S., Lee K.U., et al. Validation of hippocampal volumes measured using a manual method and two automated methods (FreeSurfer and IBASPM) in chronic major depressive disorder. Neuroradiology 2008, 50:569-581.
    • (2008) Neuroradiology , vol.50 , pp. 569-581
    • Tae, W.S.1    Kim, S.S.2    Lee, K.U.3
  • 53
    • 84860142474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DSM-5 status of psychotic disorders: 1-year pre-publication
    • Tandon R., Carpenter W.T. DSM-5 status of psychotic disorders: 1-year pre-publication. Schizophr. Bull. 2012, 38:369-370.
    • (2012) Schizophr. Bull. , vol.38 , pp. 369-370
    • Tandon, R.1    Carpenter, W.T.2
  • 54
    • 46449113977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia, "just the facts". What we know in 2008, 2 Epidemiology and etiology
    • Tandon R., Keshavan M.S., Nasrallah H.A. Schizophrenia, "just the facts". What we know in 2008, 2 Epidemiology and etiology. Schizophr. Res. 2008, 102:1-18.
    • (2008) Schizophr. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 1-18
    • Tandon, R.1    Keshavan, M.S.2    Nasrallah, H.A.3
  • 55
    • 81855207425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early prodromal symptoms can predict future psychosis in familial high-risk youth
    • Tandon N., Montrose D., Shah J., et al. Early prodromal symptoms can predict future psychosis in familial high-risk youth. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2012, 46:105-110.
    • (2012) J. Psychiatr. Res. , vol.46 , pp. 105-110
    • Tandon, N.1    Montrose, D.2    Shah, J.3
  • 56
    • 84886943247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuated psychosis and the schizophrenia prodrome: current status of risk identification and psychosis prevention
    • Tandon N., Shah J., Keshavan M.S., Tandon R. Attenuated psychosis and the schizophrenia prodrome: current status of risk identification and psychosis prevention. Neuropsychiatry 2012, 2:345-353.
    • (2012) Neuropsychiatry , vol.2 , pp. 345-353
    • Tandon, N.1    Shah, J.2    Keshavan, M.S.3    Tandon, R.4
  • 57
    • 35048894824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal grey matter and glutamatergic losses in first-episode schizophrenia
    • Theberge J., Williamson K.E., Aoyama N., et al. Longitudinal grey matter and glutamatergic losses in first-episode schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 2007, 191:325-334.
    • (2007) Br. J. Psychiatry , vol.191 , pp. 325-334
    • Theberge, J.1    Williamson, K.E.2    Aoyama, N.3
  • 58
    • 2942558677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3_T proton MRS investigation of glutamate and glutamine in adolescents at high genetic risk for schizophrenia
    • Tibbo P., Hanstock C., Valiakalayil A., Allen P. 3_T proton MRS investigation of glutamate and glutamine in adolescents at high genetic risk for schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 2004, 161:1116-1118.
    • (2004) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.161 , pp. 1116-1118
    • Tibbo, P.1    Hanstock, C.2    Valiakalayil, A.3    Allen, P.4
  • 59
    • 80051668042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1H-MR spectroscopy in ultra-high risk and first episode stages of schizophrenia
    • 1H-MR spectroscopy in ultra-high risk and first episode stages of schizophrenia. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2011, 45:1135-1139.
    • (2011) J. Psychiatr. Res. , vol.45 , pp. 1135-1139
    • Uhl, I.1    Mavrogiorgou, P.2    Norra, C.3
  • 60
    • 33645362223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological performance over time in people at high risk for developing schizophrenia and controls
    • Whyte M.C., Brett C., Harrison L.K., et al. Neuropsychological performance over time in people at high risk for developing schizophrenia and controls. Biol. Psychiatry 2006, 59:730-739.
    • (2006) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.59 , pp. 730-739
    • Whyte, M.C.1    Brett, C.2    Harrison, L.K.3
  • 61
    • 0842300435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in first episode psychosis and ultra high risk individuals
    • Wood S.J., Berger G.E., Veliakoulis D., et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in first episode psychosis and ultra high risk individuals. Schizophr. Bull. 2003, 29:831-843.
    • (2003) Schizophr. Bull. , vol.29 , pp. 831-843
    • Wood, S.J.1    Berger, G.E.2    Veliakoulis, D.3
  • 62
    • 80052847310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging and treatment evidence for clinical staging in psychotic disorders: from the at-risk mental state to chronic schizophrenia
    • Wood S.J., Yung A.R., McGorry P.D., Pantelis C. Neuroimaging and treatment evidence for clinical staging in psychotic disorders: from the at-risk mental state to chronic schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 2011, 70:619-625.
    • (2011) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.70 , pp. 619-625
    • Wood, S.J.1    Yung, A.R.2    McGorry, P.D.3    Pantelis, C.4
  • 63
    • 67349088001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in subjects with high genetic risk of schizophrenia: investigation of anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and thalamus
    • Yoo S.Y., Yeon S., Choi C.-H., et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in subjects with high genetic risk of schizophrenia: investigation of anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and thalamus. Schizophr. Res. 2009, 111:86-93.
    • (2009) Schizophr. Res. , vol.111 , pp. 86-93
    • Yoo, S.Y.1    Yeon, S.2    Choi, C.-H.3
  • 64
    • 33747346406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An interactive software for 3D chemical shift imaging data analysis and real time spectral localization and quantification
    • Zhao Q., Patriotis P., Arias-Mendoza F., Stoyanova R., Brown T. An interactive software for 3D chemical shift imaging data analysis and real time spectral localization and quantification. Proc. Int. Soc. Magn. Reson. Med. 2005, 13:2465.
    • (2005) Proc. Int. Soc. Magn. Reson. Med. , vol.13 , pp. 2465
    • Zhao, Q.1    Patriotis, P.2    Arias-Mendoza, F.3    Stoyanova, R.4    Brown, T.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.