Therapeutic evaluation of microRNAs by molecular imaging

Theranostics

Volumn 3, Issue 12, 2013, Pages 964-985

  Sekar, Thillai V ^a   Mohanram, Ramkumar Kunga ^a,b   Foygel, Kira ^a   Paulmurugan, Ramasamy ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (India)

Author keywords

Mirnas; Molecular Imaging

Indexed keywords

MICRORNA; MICRORNA 10B; MICRORNA 124; MICRORNA 155; MICRORNA 16; MICRORNA 200C; MICRORNA 21; MICRORNA 210; MICRORNA 221; MICRORNA 222; MICRORNA 34A;

BIOLUMINESCENCE; BREAST CANCER; CANCER CELL LINE; CANCER INHIBITION; CELL LYSATE; CHEMOLUMINESCENCE; COLON CANCER; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; FLUORESCENCE IMAGING; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENE TARGETING; GLIOMA; HUMAN; IN VITRO STUDY; KIDNEY CANCER; LEUKEMIA; LIVER CANCER; LUNG CANCER; LYMPHOMA; MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE; MOLECULAR IMAGING; MULTIMODAL IMAGING; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PANCREAS CANCER; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PROSTATE CANCER; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; RECTUM CANCER; REVIEW; RNA PROCESSING; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE; UNTRANSLATED REGION; DRUG MONITORING; PROCEDURES;

DRUG MONITORING; HUMANS; MICRORNAS; MOLECULAR IMAGING; OPTICAL IMAGING;

EID: 84904579429     PISSN: None     EISSN: 18387640     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7150/thno.4928     Document Type: Review

References (178)

1. Ambros V: MicroRNA pathways in flies and worms: growth, death, fat, stress, and timing. Cell 2003, 113(6):673-676.
2. Bartel DP, Chen CZ: Micromanagers of gene expression: the potentially widespread influence of metazoan microRNAs. Nat Rev Genet 2004, 5(5):396-400.
3. Sassen S, Miska EA, Caldas C: MicroRNA: implications for cancer. Virchows Arch 2008, 452(1):1-10.
4. Lee Y, Ahn C, Han J, Choi H, Kim J, Yim J, Lee J, Provost P, Radmark O, Kim S et al: The nuclear RNase III Drosha initiates microRNA processing. Nature 2003, 425(6956):415-419.
5. Yi R, Qin Y, Macara IG, Cullen BR: Exportin-5 mediates the nuclear export of pre-microRNAs and short hairpin RNAs. Genes Dev 2003, 17(24):3011-3016.
6. Bernstein E, Caudy AA, Hammond SM, Hannon GJ: Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference. Nature 2001, 409(6818):363-366.
7. Kim VN: MicroRNA biogenesis: coordinated cropping and dicing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2005, 6(5):376-385.
8. Lau NC, Lim LP, Weinstein EG, Bartel DP: An abundant class of tiny RNAs with probable regulatory roles in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science 2001, 294(5543):858-862.
9. Cai X, Hagedorn CH, Cullen BR: Human microRNAs are processed from capped, polyadenylated transcripts that can also function as mRNAs. RNA 2004, 10(12):1957-1966.
10. Jiang Q, Wang Y, Hao Y, Juan L, Teng M, Zhang X, Li M, Wang G, Liu Y: miR2Disease: a manually curated database for microRNA deregulation in human disease. Nucleic Acids Res 2009, 37(Database issue):D98-104.
11. Ono K, Kuwabara Y, Han J: MicroRNAs and cardiovascular diseases. FEBS J 2011, 278(10):1619-1633.
12. Shafi G, Aliya N, Munshi A: MicroRNA signatures in neurological disorders. Can J Neurol Sci 2010, 37(2):177-185.
13. Zhao Y, Xu H, Yao Y, Smith LP, Kgosana L, Green J, Petherbridge L, Baigent SJ, Nair V: Critical role of the virus-encoded microRNA-155 ortholog in the induction of Marek's disease lymphomas. PLoS Pathog 2011, 7(2):e1001305.
14. Rottiers V, Najafi-Shoushtari SH, Kristo F, Gurumurthy S, Zhong L, Li Y, Cohen DE, Gerszten RE, Bardeesy N, Mostoslavsky R et al: MicroRNAs in Metabolism and Metabolic Diseases. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 2011.
15. Jones S, Zhang X, Parsons DW, Lin JC, Leary RJ, Angenendt P, Mankoo P, Carter H, Kamiyama H, Jimeno A et al: Core signaling pathways in human pancreatic cancers revealed by global genomic analyses. Science 2008, 321(5897):1801-1806.
16. Parsons DW, Jones S, Zhang X, Lin JC, Leary RJ, Angenendt P, Mankoo P, Carter H, Siu IM, Gallia GL et al: An integrated genomic analysis of human glioblastoma multiforme. Science 2008, 321(5897):1807-1812.
17. Costinean S, Zanesi N, Pekarsky Y, Tili E, Volinia S, Heerema N, Croce CM: Pre-B cell proliferation and lymphoblastic leukemia/high-grade lymphoma in E(mu)-miR155 transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006, 103(18):7024-7029.
18. He L, Thomson JM, Hemann MT, Hernando-Monge E, Mu D, Goodson S, Powers S, Cordon-Cardo C, Lowe SW, Hannon GJ et al: A microRNA polycistron as a potential human oncogene. Nature 2005, 435(7043):828-833.
19. Chan JA, Krichevsky AM, Kosik KS: MicroRNA-21 is an antiapoptotic factor in human glioblastoma cells. Cancer Res 2005, 65(14):6029-6033.
20. Yu F, Yao H, Zhu P, Zhang X, Pan Q, Gong C, Huang Y, Hu X, Su F, Lieberman J et al: let-7 regulates self renewal and tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells. Cell 2007, 131(6):1109-1123.
21. Akao Y, Nakagawa Y, Naoe T: let-7 microRNA functions as a potential growth suppressor in human colon cancer cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2006, 29(5):903-906.
22. Johnson SM, Grosshans H, Shingara J, Byrom M, Jarvis R, Cheng A, Labourier E, Reinert KL, Brown D, Slack FJ: RAS is regulated by the let-7 microRNA family. Cell 2005, 120(5):635-647.
23. Peng Y, Laser J, Shi G, Mittal K, Melamed J, Lee P, Wei JJ: Antiproliferative effects by Let-7 repression of high-mobility group A2 in uterine leiomyoma. Mol Cancer Res 2008, 6(4):663-673.
24. Saito Y, Suzuki H, Matsuura M, Sato A, Kasai Y, Yamada K, Saito H, Hibi T: MicroRNAs in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancers. Front Genet 2011, 2:66.
25. Li C, Nie H, Wang M, Su L, Li J, Yu B, Wei M, Ju J, Yu Y, Yan M et al: MicroRNA-409-3p regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis by targeting PHF10 in gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2012.
26. Zhai Q, Zhou L, Zhao C, Wan J, Yu Z, Guo X, Qin J, Chen J, Lu R: Identification of miR-508-3p and miR-509-3p that are associated with cell invasion and migration and involved in the apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012.
27. Li L, Sarver AL, Alamgir S, Subramanian S: Downregulation of microRNAs miR-1, -206 and -29 stabilizes PAX3 and CCND2 expression in rhabdomyosarcoma. Lab Invest 2012.
28. Liao YL, Hu LY, Tsai KW, Wu CW, Chan WC, Li SC, Lai CH, Ho MR, Fang WL, Huang KH et al: Transcriptional regulation of miR-196b by ETS2 in gastric cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2012.
29. Noguchi S, Mori T, Otsuka Y, Yamada N, Yasui Y, Iwasaki J, Kumazaki M, Maruo K, Akao Y: Anti-oncogenic MicroRNA-203 Induces Senescence by Targeting E2F3 in Human Melanoma Cells. J Biol Chem 2012.
30. Xu Y, Xia F, Ma L, Shan J, Shen J, Yang Z, Liu J, Cui Y, Bian X, Bie P et al: MicroRNA-122 sensitizes HCC cancer cells to adriamycin and vincristine through modulating expression of MDR and inducing cell cycle arrest. Cancer Lett 2011, 310(2):160-169.
31. Cimmino A, Calin GA, Fabbri M, Iorio MV, Ferracin M, Shimizu M, Wojcik SE, Aqeilan RI, Zupo S, Dono M et al: miR-15 and miR-16 induce apoptosis by targeting BCL2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005, 102(39):13944-13949.
32. Lam LT, Lu X, Zhang H, Lesniewski R, Rosenberg S, Semizarov D: A microRNA screen to identify modulators of sensitivity to BCL2 inhibitor ABT-263 (navitoclax). Mol Cancer Ther 2010, 9(11):2943-2950.
33. Kim S, Lee UJ, Kim MN, Lee EJ, Kim JY, Lee MY, Choung S, Kim YJ, Choi YC: MicroRNA miR-199a* regulates the MET proto-oncogene and the downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2). J Biol Chem 2008, 283(26):18158-18166.
34. Kefas B, Godlewski J, Comeau L, Li Y, Abounader R, Hawkinson M, Lee J, Fine H, Chiocca EA, Lawler S et al: microRNA-7 inhibits the epidermal growth factor receptor and the Akt pathway and is down-regulated in glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2008, 68(10):3566-3572.
35. Ambs S, Prueitt RL, Yi M, Hudson RS, Howe TM, Petrocca F, Wallace TA, Liu CG, Volinia S, Calin GA et al: Genomic profiling of microRNA and messenger RNA reveals deregulated microRNA expression in prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2008, 68(15):6162-6170.
36. Li T, Li D, Sha J, Sun P, Huang Y: MicroRNA-21 directly targets MARCKS and promotes apoptosis resistance and invasion in prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009, 383(3):280-285.
37. Sylvestre Y, De Guire V, Querido E, Mukhopadhyay UK, Bourdeau V, Major F, Ferbeyre G, Chartrand P: An E2F/miR-20a autoregulatory feedback loop. J Biol Chem 2007, 282(4):2135-2143.
38. Di Leva G, Briskin D, Croce CM: MicroRNA in cancer: new hopes for antineoplastic chemotherapy. Ups J Med Sci 2012, 117(2):202-216.
39. Ma L, Reinhardt F, Pan E, Soutschek J, Bhat B, Marcusson EG, Teruya-Feldstein J, Bell GW, Weinberg RA: Therapeutic silencing of miR-10b inhibits metastasis in a mouse mammary tumor model. Nat Biotechnol 2010, 28(4):341-347.
40. Takeshita F, Patrawala L, Osaki M, Takahashi RU, Yamamoto Y, Kosaka N, Kawamata M, Kelnar K, Bader AG, Brown D et al: Systemic delivery of synthetic microRNA-16 inhibits the growth of metastatic prostate tumors via downregulation of multiple cell-cycle genes. Mol Ther 2009, 18(1):181-187.
41. Cancer Research UK. Cancer Stats - Cancer Worldwide. Cancer Research UK. 2011.
42. Bosch FX, Ribes J, Cleries R, Diaz M: Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Liver Dis 2005, 9(2):191-211.
43. Bushati N, Cohen SM: microRNA functions. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2007, 23:175-205.
44. Lewis BP, Burge CB, Bartel DP: Conserved seed pairing, often flanked by adenosines, indicates that thousands of human genes are microRNA targets. Cell 2005, 120(1):15-20.
45. Hatziapostolou M, Polytarchou C, Aggelidou E, Drakaki A, Poultsides GA, Jaeger SA, Ogata H, Karin M, Struhl K, Hadzopoulou-Cladaras M et al: An HNF4alpha-miRNA inflammatory feedback circuit regulates hepatocellular oncogenesis. Cell, 2011;147(6):1233-1247.
46. Fabbri M, Garzon R, Cimmino A, Liu Z, Zanesi N, Callegari E, Liu S, Alder H, Costinean S, Fernandez-Cymering C et al: MicroRNA-29 family reverts aberrant methylation in lung cancer by targeting DNA methyltransferases 3A and 3B. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007, 104(40):15805-15810.
47. Mallick R, Patnaik SK, Yendamuri S: MicroRNAs and lung cancer: Biology and applications in diagnosis and prognosis. J Carcinog 2010, 9.
48. Roybal JD, Zang Y, Ahn YH, Yang Y, Gibbons DL, Baird BN, Alvarez C, Thilaganathan N, Liu DD, Saintigny P et al: miR-200 Inhibits lung adenocarcinoma cell invasion and metastasis by targeting Flt1/VEGFR1. Mol Cancer Res 2011, 9(1):25-35.
49. Cushing L, Kuang PP, Qian J, Shao F, Wu J, Little F, Thannickal VJ, Cardoso WV, Lu J: miR-29 is a major regulator of genes associated with pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011, 45(2):287-294.
50. Corte H, Manceau G, Blons H, Laurent-Puig P: MicroRNA and colorectal cancer. Dig Liver Dis 2012, 44(3):195-200.
51. Xi Y, Formentini A, Chien M, Weir DB, Russo JJ, Ju J, Kornmann M: Prognostic Values of microRNAs in Colorectal Cancer. Biomark Insights 2006, 2:113-121.
52. Young LE, Moore AE, Sokol L, Meisner-Kober N, Dixon DA: The mRNA stability factor HuR inhibits microRNA-16 targeting of COX-2. Mol Cancer Res 2012, 10(1):167-180.
53. Calin GA, Dumitru CD, Shimizu M, Bichi R, Zupo S, Noch E, Aldler H, Rattan S, Keating M, Rai K et al: Frequent deletions and down-regulation of micro-RNA genes miR15 and miR16 at 13q14 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002, 99(24):15524-15529.
54. Lawrie CH, Gal S, Dunlop HM, Pushkaran B, Liggins AP, Pulford K, Banham AH, Pezzella F, Boultwood J, Wainscoat JS et al: Detection of elevated levels of tumour-associated microRNAs in serum of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2008, 141(5):672-675.
55. Kulshreshtha R, Ferracin M, Wojcik SE, Garzon R, Alder H, Agosto-Perez FJ, Davuluri R, Liu CG, Croce CM, Negrini M et al: A microRNA signature of hypoxia. Mol Cell Biol 2007, 27(5):1859-1867.
56. Rodriguez A, Vigorito E, Clare S, Warren MV, Couttet P, Soond DR, van Dongen S, Grocock RJ, Das PP, Miska EA et al: Requirement of bic/microRNA-155 for normal immune function. Science 2007, 316(5824):608-611.
57. Mavrakis KJ, Wolfe AL, Oricchio E, Palomero T, de Keersmaecker K, McJunkin K, Zuber J, James T, Khan AA, Leslie CS et al: Genome-wide RNA-mediated interference screen identifies miR-19 targets in Notch-induced T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Nat Cell Biol 2010, 12(4):372-379.
58. Nie K, Gomez M, Landgraf P, Garcia JF, Liu Y, Tan LH, Chadburn A, Tuschl T, Knowles DM, Tam W: MicroRNA-mediated down-regulation of PRDM1/Blimp-1 in Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells: a potential pathogenetic lesion in Hodgkin lymphomas. Am J Pathol 2008, 173(1):242-252.
59. Santanam U, Zanesi N, Efanov A, Costinean S, Palamarchuk A, Hagan JP, Volinia S, Alder H, Rassenti L, Kipps T et al: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia modeled in mouse by targeted miR-29 expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010, 107(27):12210-12215.
60. Szafranska-Schwarzbach AE, Adai AT, Lee LS, Conwell DL, Andruss BF: Development of a miRNA-based diagnostic assay for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2007, 11(3):249-257.
61. Zhang Y, Li M, Wang H, Fisher WE, Lin PH, Yao Q, Chen C: Profiling of 95 microRNAs in pancreatic cancer cell lines and surgical specimens by real-time PCR analysis. World J Surg 2009, 33(4):698-709.
62. Ohgaki H: Genetic pathways to glioblastomas. Neuropathology 2005, 25(1):1-7.
63. Han L, Yue X, Zhou X, Lan FM, You G, Zhang W, Zhang KL, Zhang CZ, Cheng JQ, Yu SZ et al: MicroRNA-21 Expression is regulated by beta-catenin/STAT3 Pathway and Promotes Glioma Cell Invasion by Direct Targeting RECK. CNS Neurosci Ther 2012.
64. Papagiannakopoulos T, Shapiro A, Kosik KS: MicroRNA-21 targets a network of key tumor-suppressive pathways in glioblastoma cells. Cancer Res 2008, 68(19):8164-8172.
65. Quintavalle C, Garofalo M, Zanca C, Romano G, Iaboni M, del Basso De Caro M, Martinez-Montero JC, Incoronato M, Nuovo G, Croce CM et al: miR-221/222 overexpession in human glioblastoma increases invasiveness by targeting the protein phosphate PTPmu. Oncogene 2012, 31(7):858-868.
66. le Sage C, Nagel R, Egan DA, Schrier M, Mesman E, Mangiola A, Anile C, Maira G, Mercatelli N, Ciafre SA et al: Regulation of the p27(Kip1) tumor suppressor by miR-221 and miR-222 promotes cancer cell proliferation. EMBO J 2007, 26(15):3699-3708.
67. Feng SY, Dong CG, Wu WK, Wang XJ, Qiao J, Shao JF: Lentiviral expression of anti-microRNAs targeting miR-27a inhibits proliferation and invasiveness of U87 glioma cells. Mol Med Report 2012.
68. Shi L, Cheng Z, Zhang J, Li R, Zhao P, Fu Z, You Y: hsa-mir-181a and hsa-mir-181b function as tumor suppressors in human glioma cells. Brain Res 2008, 1236:185-193.
69. Wu DG, Wang YY, Fan LG, Luo H, Han B, Sun LH, Wang XF, Zhang JX, Cao L, Wang XR et al: MicroRNA-7 regulates glioblastoma cell invasion via targeting focal adhesion kinase expression. Chin Med J (Engl) 2011, 124(17):2616-2621.
70. Sun L, Wu Z, Shao Y, Pu Y, Miu W, Yao J, Wu Y, Yang ZX: MicroRNA-34a Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in U87 Glioma Stem Cells. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2012.
71. Godlewski J, Nowicki MO, Bronisz A, Williams S, Otsuki A, Nuovo G, Raychaudhury A, Newton HB, Chiocca EA, Lawler S: Targeting of the Bmi-1 oncogene/stem cell renewal factor by microRNA-128 inhibits glioma proliferation and self-renewal. Cancer Res 2008, 68(22):9125-9130.
72. Zhang Y, Chao T, Li R, Liu W, Chen Y, Yan X, Gong Y, Yin B, Qiang B, Zhao J et al: MicroRNA-128 inhibits glioma cells proliferation by targeting transcription factor E2F3a. J Mol Med (Berl) 2009, 87(1):43-51.
73. Wang XF, Shi ZM, Wang XR, Cao L, Wang YY, Zhang JX, Yin Y, Luo H, Kang CS, Liu N et al: MiR-181d acts as a tumor suppressor in glioma by targeting K-ras and Bcl-2. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012, 138(4):573-584.
74. Volpe A, Patard JJ: Prognostic factors in renal cell carcinoma. World J Urol 2010, 28(3):319-327.
75. Juan D, Alexe G, Antes T, Liu H, Madabhushi A, Delisi C, Ganesan S, Bhanot G, Liou LS: Identification of a microRNA panel for clear-cell kidney cancer. Urology 2010, 75(4):835-841.
76. Catto JW, Alcaraz A, Bjartell AS, De Vere White R, Evans CP, Fussel S, Hamdy FC, Kallioniemi O, Mengual L, Schlomm T et al: MicroRNA in prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer: a systematic review. Eur Urol 2011, 59(5):671-681.
77. Pantuck AJ, Seligson DB, Klatte T, Yu H, Leppert JT, Moore L, O'Toole T, Gibbons J, Belldegrun AS, Figlin RA: Prognostic relevance of the mTOR pathway in renal cell carcinoma: implications for molecular patient selection for targeted therapy. Cancer 2007, 109(11):2257-2267.
78. Dromard M, Bompard G, Glondu-Lassis M, Puech C, Chalbos D, Freiss G: The putative tumor suppressor gene PTPN13/PTPL1 induces apoptosis through insulin receptor substrate-1 dephosphorylation. Cancer Res 2007, 67(14):6806-6813.
79. Felipe A, Vicente R, Villalonga N, Roura-Ferrer M, Martinez-Marmol R, Sole L, Ferreres JC, Condom E: Potassium channels: new targets in cancer therapy. Cancer Detect Prev 2006, 30(4):375-385.
80. Wong CF, Tellam RL: MicroRNA-26a targets the histone methyltransferase Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 during myogenesis. J Biol Chem 2008, 283(15):9836-9843.
81. Tsang WP, Kwok TT: Epigallocatechin gallate up-regulation of miR-16 and induction of apoptosis in human cancer cells. J Nutr Biochem 2010, 21(2):140-146.
82. Kaddar T, Rouault JP, Chien WW, Chebel A, Gadoux M, Salles G, Ffrench M, Magaud JP: Two new miR-16 targets: caprin-1 and HMGA1, proteins implicated in cell proliferation. Biol Cell 2009, 101(9):511-524.
83. UK CR: Cancer incidence for common cancers. 2011.
84. Harris JR, Morrow M, Bonadonna G, Valadi H: Cancer of the breast. Philadelphia: Lippincott 1993.
85. Schecter RL, Woo A, Duong M, Batist G: In vivo and in vitro mechanisms of drug resistance in a rat mammary carcinoma model. Cancer Res 1991, 51(5):1434-1442.
86. Wright JA, Richer JK, Goodall GJ: microRNAs and EMT in mammary cells and breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2010, 15(2):213-223.
87. Greene SB, Herschkowitz JI, Rosen JM: Small players with big roles: microRNAs as targets to inhibit breast cancer progression. Curr Drug Targets 2010, 11(9):1059-1073.
88. Lu Y, Roy S, Nuovo G, Ramaswamy B, Miller T, Shapiro C, Jacob ST, Majumder S: Anti-microRNA-222 (anti-miR-222) and -181B suppress growth of tamoxifen-resistant xenografts in mouse by targeting TIMP3 protein and modulating mitogenic signal. J Biol Chem 2011, 286(49):42292-42302.
89. Miller TE, Ghoshal K, Ramaswamy B, Roy S, Datta J, Shapiro CL, Jacob S, Majumder S: MicroRNA-221/222 confers tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer by targeting p27Kip1. J Biol Chem 2008, 283(44):29897-29903.
90. Frankel LB, Christoffersen NR, Jacobsen A, Lindow M, Krogh A, Lund AH: Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is an important functional target of the microRNA miR-21 in breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2008, 283(2):1026-1033.
91. Ma L, Teruya-Feldstein J, Weinberg RA: Tumour invasion and metastasis initiated by microRNA-10b in breast cancer. Nature 2007, 449(7163):682-688.
92. Jiang S, Zhang HW, Lu MH, He XH, Li Y, Gu H, Liu MF, Wang ED: MicroRNA-155 functions as an OncomiR in breast cancer by targeting the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 gene. Cancer Res 2010, 70(8):3119-3127.
93. Schmittgen TD: miR-31: a master regulator of metastasis? Future Oncol 2010, 6(1):17-20
94. Korpal M, Lee ES, Hu G, Kang Y: The miR-200 family inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer cell migration by direct targeting of E-cadherin transcriptional repressors ZEB1 and ZEB2. J Biol Chem 2008, 283(22):14910-14914.
95. Howe EN, Cochrane DR, Richer JK: Targets of miR-200c mediate suppression of cell motility and anoikis resistance. Breast Cancer Res 2011, 13(2):R45.
96. Schickel R, Park SM, Murmann AE, Peter ME: miR-200c regulates induction of apoptosis through CD95 by targeting FAP-1. Mol Cell 2010, 38(6):908-915.
97. Ma L, Young J, Prabhala H, Pan E, Mestdagh P, Muth D, Teruya-Feldstein J, Reinhardt F, Onder TT, Valastyan S et al: miR-9, a MYC/MYCN-activated microRNA, regulates E-cadherin and cancer metastasis. Nat Cell Biol 2010, 12(3):247-256.
98. Christoffersen NR, Silahtaroglu A, Orom UA, Kauppinen S, Lund AH: miR-200b mediates post-transcriptional repression of ZFHX1B. RNA 2007, 13(8):1172-1178.
99. Hurteau GJ, Carlson JA, Spivack SD, Brock GJ: Overexpression of the microRNA hsa-miR-200c leads to reduced expression of transcription factor 8 and increased expression of E-cadherin. Cancer Res 2007, 67(17):7972-7976.
100. Gregory PA, Bert AG, Paterson EL, Barry SC, Tsykin A, Farshid G, Vadas MA, Khew-Goodall Y, Goodall GJ: The miR-200 family and miR-205 regulate epithelial to mesenchymal transition by targeting ZEB1 and SIP1. Nat Cell Biol 2008, 10(5):593-601.
101. Iorio MV, Casalini P, Tagliabue E, Menard S, Croce CM: MicroRNA profiling as a tool to understand prognosis, therapy response and resistance in breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2008, 44(18):2753-2759.
102. Mattie MD, Benz CC, Bowers J, Sensinger K, Wong L, Scott GK, Fedele V, Ginzinger D, Getts R, Haqq C: Optimized high-throughput microRNA expression profiling provides novel biomarker assessment of clinical prostate and breast cancer biopsies. Mol Cancer 2006, 5:24.
103. Zhu W, Qin W, Atasoy U, Sauter ER: Circulating microRNAs in breast cancer and healthy subjects. BMC Res Notes 2009, 2:89.
104. Tavazoie SF, Alarcon C, Oskarsson T, Padua D, Wang Q, Bos PD, Gerald WL, Massague J: Endogenous human microRNAs that suppress breast cancer metastasis. Nature 2008, 451(7175):147-152.
105. Foekens JA, Sieuwerts AM, Smid M, Look MP, de Weerd V, Boersma AW, Klijn JG, Wiemer EA, Martens JW: Four miRNAs associated with aggressiveness of lymph node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008, 105(35):13021-13026.
106. Zhao JJ, Lin J, Yang H, Kong W, He L, Ma X, Coppola D, Cheng JQ: MicroRNA-221/222 negatively regulates estrogen receptor alpha and is associated with tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. J Biol Chem 2008, 283(45):31079-31086.
107. Si ML, Zhu S, Wu H, Lu Z, Wu F, Mo YY: miR-21-mediated tumor growth. Oncogene 2007, 26(19):2799-2803.
108. Saito Y, Liang G, Egger G, Friedman JM, Chuang JC, Coetzee GA, Jones PA: Specific activation of microRNA-127 with downregulation of the proto-oncogene BCL6 by chromatin-modifying drugs in human cancer cells. Cancer Cell 2006, 9(6):435-443.
109. Giraldez AJ, Cinalli RM, Glasner ME, Enright AJ, Thomson JM, Baskerville S, Hammond SM, Bartel DP, Schier AF: MicroRNAs regulate brain morphogenesis in zebrafish. Science 2005, 308(5723):833-838.
110. Brown BD, Venneri MA, Zingale A, Sergi Sergi L, Naldini L: Endogenous microRNA regulation suppresses transgene expression in hematopoietic lineages and enables stable gene transfer. Nat Med 2006, 12(5):585-591.
111. Brown BD, Gentner B, Cantore A, Colleoni S, Amendola M, Zingale A, Baccarini A, Lazzari G, Galli C, Naldini L: Endogenous microRNA can be broadly exploited to regulate transgene expression according to tissue, lineage and differentiation state. Nat Biotechnol 2007, 25(12):1457-1467.
112. Kato Y, Miyaki S, Yokoyama S, Omori S, Inoue A, Horiuchi M, Asahara H: Real-time functional imaging for monitoring miR-133 during myogenic differentiation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009, 41(11):2225-2231.
113. Kato Y, Sawata SY, Inoue A: A lentiviral vector encoding two fluorescent proteins enables imaging of adenoviral infection via adenovirus-encoded miRNAs in single living cells. J Biochem 2010, 147(1):63-71.
114. Kim JK, Choi KJ, Lee M, Jo MH, Kim S: Molecular imaging of a cancer-targeting theragnostics probe using a nucleolin aptamer- and microRNA-221 molecular beacon-conjugated nanoparticle. Biomaterials 2012, 33(1):207-217.
115. Lee JY, Kim S, Hwang do W, Jeong JM, Chung JK, Lee MC, Lee DS: Development of a dual-luciferase reporter system for in vivo visualization of MicroRNA biogenesis and posttranscriptional regulation. J Nucl Med 2008, 49(2):285-294.
116. Ko MH, Kim S, Hwang do W, Ko HY, Kim YH, Lee DS: Bioimaging of the unbalanced expression of microRNA9 and microRNA9* during the neuronal differentiation of P19 cells. FEBS J 2008, 275(10):2605-2616.
117. Kim HJ, Kim YH, Lee DS, Chung JK, Kim S: In vivo imaging of functional targeting of miR-221 in papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Nucl Med 2008, 49(10):1686-1693.
118. Kim HJ, Chung JK, Hwang do W, Lee DS, Kim S: In vivo imaging of miR-221 biogenesis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Mol Imaging Biol 2009, 11(2):71-78.
119. Takeshita F, Patrawala L, Osaki M, Takahashi RU, Yamamoto Y, Kosaka N, Kawamata M, Kelnar K, Bader AG, Brown D et al: Systemic delivery of synthetic microRNA-16 inhibits the growth of metastatic prostate tumors via downregulation of multiple cell-cycle genes. Mol Ther 2010, 18(1):181-187.
120. Ma C, Yeung ES, Qi S, Han R: Highly sensitive detection of microRNA by chemiluminescence based on enzymatic polymerization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011, 402(6):2217-2220.
121. Ponomarev ED, Veremeyko T, Barteneva NS: Visualization and quantitation of the expression of microRNAs and their target genes in neuroblastoma single cells using imaging cytometry. BMC Res Notes 2011, 4:517.
122. Nuovo G, Lee EJ, Lawler S, Godlewski J, Schmittgen T: In situ detection of mature microRNAs by labeled extension on ultramer templates. Biotechniques 2009, 46(2):115-126.
123. Roy S, Soh JH, Gao Z: A microfluidic-assisted microarray for ultrasensitive detection of miRNA under an optical microscope. Lab Chip 2011, 11(11):1886-1894.
124. Jo MH, Ali BA, Al-Khedhairy AA, Lee CH, Kim B, Haam S, Huh YM, Ko HY, Kim S: A reverse complementary multimodal imaging system to visualize microRNA9-involved neurogenesis using peptide targeting transferrin receptor-conjugated magnetic fluorescence nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2012, 33(27):6456-6467.
125. Yang W, Qin W, Hu Z, Suo Y, Zhao R, Ma X, Ma W, Wang T, Liang J, Tian J et al: Comparison of Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging (CLI) and gamma camera imaging for visualization of let-7 expression in lung adenocarcinoma A549 Cells. Nucl Med Biol 2012.
126. Lussier YA, Xing HR, Salama JK, Khodarev NN, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Khan SA, Yang X, Hasselle MD, Darga TE et al: MicroRNA expression characterizes oligometastasis(es). PLoS One 2011, 6(12):e28650.
127. Akinc A, Zumbuehl A, Goldberg M, Leshchiner ES, Busini V, Hossain N, Bacallado SA, Nguyen DN, Fuller J, Alvarez R et al: A combinatorial library of lipid-like materials for delivery of RNAi therapeutics. Nat Biotechnol 2008, 26(5):561-569.
128. Krutzfeldt J, Kuwajima S, Braich R, Rajeev KG, Pena J, Tuschl T, Manoharan M, Stoffel M: Specificity, duplex degradation and subcellular localization of antagomirs. Nucleic Acids Res 2007, 35(9):2885-2892.
129. van Solingen C, Seghers L, Bijkerk R, Duijs JM, Roeten MK, van Oeveren-Rietdijk AM, Baelde HJ, Monge M, Vos JB, de Boer HC et al: Antagomir-mediated silencing of endothelial cell specific microRNA-126 impairs ischemia-induced angiogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2009, 13(8A):1577-1585.
130. Paulmurugan R, Sekar NM, Sekar TV: Biodegradable Polymer Nanocarriers for Therapeutic Antisense microRNA Delivery in Living Animals. SPIE 2012, 8232.
131. Boutla A, Delidakis C, Tabler M: Developmental defects by antisense-mediated inactivation of micro-RNAs 2 and 13 in Drosophila and the identification of putative target genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2003, 31(17):4973-4980.
132. Davis S, Lollo B, Freier S, Esau C: Improved targeting of miRNA with antisense oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Res 2006, 34(8):2294-2304.
133. Chiu YL, Rana TM: siRNA function in RNAi: a chemical modification analysis. RNA 2003, 9(9):1034-1048.
134. Czauderna F, Fechtner M, Dames S, Aygun H, Klippel A, Pronk GJ, Giese K, Kaufmann J: Structural variations and stabilising modifications of synthetic siRNAs in mammalian cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2003, 31(11):2705-2716.
135. Prakash TP, Allerson CR, Dande P, Vickers TA, Sioufi N, Jarres R, Baker BF, Swayze EE, Griffey RH, Bhat B: Positional effect of chemical modifications on short interference RNA activity in mammalian cells. J Med Chem 2005, 48(13):4247-4253.
136. Uprichard SL, Boyd B, Althage A, Chisari FV: Clearance of hepatitis B virus from the liver of transgenic mice by short hairpin RNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005, 102(3):773-778.
137. Xia H, Mao Q, Paulson HL, Davidson BL: siRNA-mediated gene silencing in vitro and in vivo. Nat Biotechnol 2002, 20(10):1006-1010.
138. Ebert MS, Neilson JR, Sharp PA: MicroRNA sponges: competitive inhibitors of small RNAs in mammalian cells. Nat Methods 2007, 4(9):721-726.
139. Ebert MS, Sharp PA: MicroRNA sponges: progress and possibilities. RNA 2010, 16(11):2043-2050.
140. Kluiver J, Gibcus JH, Hettinga C, Adema A, Richter MK, Halsema N, Slezak-Prochazka I, Ding Y, Kroesen BJ, van den Berg A: Rapid generation of microRNA sponges for microRNA inhibition. PLoS One 2012, 7(1):e29275.
141. Sato F, Tsuchiya S, Meltzer SJ, Shimizu K: MicroRNAs and epigenetics. FEBS J 2011, 278(10):1598-1609.
142. Kutay H, Bai S, Datta J, Motiwala T, Pogribny I, Frankel W, Jacob ST, Ghoshal K: Downregulation of miR-122 in the rodent and human hepatocellular carcinomas. J Cell Biochem 2006, 99(3):671-678.
143. Su H, Yang JR, Xu T, Huang J, Xu L, Yuan Y, Zhuang SM: MicroRNA-101, down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma, promotes apoptosis and suppresses tumorigenicity. Cancer Res 2009, 69(3):1135-1142.
144. Zheng B, Liang L, Huang S, Zha R, Liu L, Jia D, Tian Q, Wang Q, Wang C, Long Z et al: MicroRNA-409 suppresses tumour cell invasion and metastasis by directly targeting radixin in gastric cancers. Oncogene 2011.
145. Zhai Q, Zhou L, Zhao C, Wan J, Yu Z, Guo X, Qin J, Chen J, Lu R: Identification of miR-508-3p and miR-509-3p that are associated with cell invasion and migration and involved in the apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012, 419(4):621-626.
146. Yan D, Dong Xda E, Chen X, Wang L, Lu C, Wang J, Qu J, Tu L: MicroRNA-1/206 targets c-Met and inhibits rhabdomyosarcoma development. J Biol Chem 2009, 284(43):29596-29604.
147. Rota R, Ciarapica R, Giordano A, Miele L, Locatelli F: MicroRNAs in rhabdomyosarcoma: pathogenetic implications and translational potentiality. Mol Cancer 2011, 10:120.
148. Liao YL, Hu LY, Tsai KW, Wu CW, Chan WC, Li SC, Lai CH, Ho MR, Fang WL, Huang KH et al: Transcriptional regulation of miR-196b by ETS2 in gastric cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2012, 33(4):760-769.
149. Noguchi S, Mori T, Otsuka Y, Yamada N, Yasui Y, Iwasaki J, Kumazaki M, Maruo K, Akao Y: Anti-oncogenic microRNA-203 induces senescence by targeting E2F3 protein in human melanoma cells. J Biol Chem 2012, 287(15):11769-11777.
150. Xu Y, Brenn T, Brown ER, Doherty V, Melton DW: Differential expression of microRNAs during melanoma progression: miR-200c, miR-205 and miR-211 are downregulated in melanoma and act as tumour suppressors. Br J Cancer 2012, 106(3):553-561.
151. Song G, Zeng H, Li J, Xiao L, He Y, Tang Y, Li Y: miR-199a regulates the tumor suppressor mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 11 in gastric cancer. Biol Pharm Bull 2010, 33(11):1822-1827.
152. Zhao X, Dou W, He L, Liang S, Tie J, Liu C, Li T, Lu Y, Mo P, Shi Y et al: MicroRNA-7 functions as an anti-metastatic microRNA in gastric cancer by targeting insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor. Oncogene 2012.
153. Duex JE, Comeau L, Sorkin A, Purow B, Kefas B: Usp18 regulates epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor expression and cancer cell survival via microRNA-7. J Biol Chem 2011, 286(28):25377-25386.
154. Landais S, Landry S, Legault P, Rassart E: Oncogenic potential of the miR-106-363 cluster and its implication in human T-cell leukemia. Cancer Res 2007, 67(12):5699-5707.
155. Hamada S, Satoh K, Fujibuchi W, Hirota M, Kanno A, Unno J, Masamune A, Kikuta K, Kume K, Shimosegawa T: MiR-126 acts as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer cells via the regulation of ADAM9. Mol Cancer Res 2012, 10(1):3-10.
156. Bhatti I, Lee A, James V, Hall RI, Lund JN, Tufarelli C, Lobo DN, Larvin M: Knockdown of microRNA-21 inhibits proliferation and increases cell death by targeting programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg 2011, 15(1):199-208.
157. Chen L, Jiang M, Yuan W, Tang H: miR-17-5p as a novel prognostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Invest Surg 2012, 25(3):156-161.
158. Xu Y, Fang F, Zhang J, Josson S, St Clair WH, St Clair DK: miR-17* suppresses tumorigenicity of prostate cancer by inhibiting mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes. PLoS One 2010, 5(12):e14356.
159. Moriarty CH, Pursell B, Mercurio AM: miR-10b targets Tiam1: implications for Rac activation and carcinoma migration. J Biol Chem 2010, 285(27):20541-20546.
160. Hatziapostolou M, Polytarchou C, Aggelidou E, Drakaki A, Poultsides GA, Jaeger SA, Ogata H, Karin M, Struhl K, Hadzopoulou-Cladaras M et al: An HNF4alpha-miRNA inflammatory feedback circuit regulates hepatocellular oncogenesis. Cell 2011, 147(6):1233-1247.
161. Garofalo M, Di Leva G, Romano G, Nuovo G, Suh SS, Ngankeu A, Taccioli C, Pichiorri F, Alder H, Secchiero P et al: miR-221&222 regulate TRAIL resistance and enhance tumorigenicity through PTEN and TIMP3 downregulation. Cancer Cell 2009, 16(6):498-509.
162. Acunzo M, Visone R, Romano G, Veronese A, Lovat F, Palmieri D, Bottoni A, Garofalo M, Gasparini P, Condorelli G et al: miR-130a targets MET and induces TRAIL-sensitivity in NSCLC by downregulating miR-221 and 222. Oncogene 2012, 31(5):634-642.
163. Bandi N, Vassella E: miR-34a and miR-15a/16 are co-regulated in non-small cell lung cancer and control cell cycle progression in a synergistic and Rb-dependent manner. Mol Cancer 2011, 10:55.
164. Young LE, Moore AE, Sokol L, Meisner-Kober N, Dixon DA: The mRNA stability factor HuR inhibits microRNA-16 targeting of COX-2. Mol Cancer Res 2011, 10(1):167-180.
165. Valeri N, Gasparini P, Fabbri M, Braconi C, Veronese A, Lovat F, Adair B, Vannini I, Fanini F, Bottoni A et al: Modulation of mismatch repair and genomic stability by miR-155. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010, 107(15):6982-6987.
166. Yamakuchi M, Ferlito M, Lowenstein CJ: miR-34a repression of SIRT1 regulates apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008, 105(36):13421-13426.
167. Slaby O, Svoboda M, Michalek J, Vyzula R: MicroRNAs in colorectal cancer: translation of molecular biology into clinical application. Mol Cancer 2009, 8:102.
168. Eis PS, Tam W, Sun L, Chadburn A, Li Z, Gomez MF, Lund E, Dahlberg JE: Accumulation of miR-155 and BIC RNA in human B cell lymphomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005, 102(10):3627-3632.
169. Wang M, Tan LP, Dijkstra MK, van Lom K, Robertus JL, Harms G, Blokzijl T, Kooistra K, van T'veer M B, Rosati S et al: miRNA analysis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: proliferation centres characterized by low miR-150 and high BIC/miR-155 expression. J Pathol 2008, 215(1):13-20.
170. Wang W, Corrigan-Cummins M, Hudson J, Maric I, Simakova O, Neelapu SS, Kwak LW, Janik JE, Gause B, Jaffe ES et al: MicroRNA profiling of follicular lymphoma identifies microRNAs related to cell proliferation and tumor response. Haematologica 2012, 97(4):586-594.
171. Szafranska AE, Davison TS, John J, Cannon T, Sipos B, Maghnouj A, Labourier E, Hahn SA: MicroRNA expression alterations are linked to tumorigenesis and non-neoplastic processes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2007, 26(30):4442-4452.
172. Steele CW, Oien KA, McKay CJ, Jamieson NB: Clinical potential of microRNAs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreas 2011, 40(8):1165-1171.
173. Stinson S, Lackner MR, Adai AT, Yu N, Kim HJ, O'Brien C, Spoerke J, Jhunjhunwala S, Boyd Z, Januario T et al: miR-221/222 targeting of trichorhinophalangeal 1 (TRPS1) promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. Sci Signal, 2011;4(186):pt5.
174. Zhu S, Si ML, Wu H, Mo YY: MicroRNA-21 targets the tumor suppressor gene tropomyosin 1 (TPM1). J Biol Chem 2007, 282(19):14328-14336.
175. Chen PS, Su JL, Cha ST, Tarn WY, Wang MY, Hsu HC, Lin MT, Chu CY, Hua KT, Chen CN et al: miR-107 promotes tumor progression by targeting the let-7 microRNA in mice and humans. J Clin Invest 2011, 121(9):3442-3455.
176. Li H, Bian C, Liao L, Li J, Zhao RC: miR-17-5p promotes human breast cancer cell migration and invasion through suppression of HBP1. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010, 126(3):565-575.
177. Wang J, Hua HJ: Role of miR-155 in breast cancer. Front Biosci 2012, 17:2350-2355.
178. Kong W, He L, Coppola M, Guo J, Esposito NN, Coppola D, Cheng JQ: MicroRNA-155 regulates cell survival, growth, and chemosensitivity by targeting FOXO3a in breast cancer. J Biol Chem 2010, 285(23):17869-17879.