메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 317-325

Potential new clinical therapies for Chagas disease

Author keywords

Chagas disease; Clinical trials; Drug discovery; Drug treatment; Trypanosoma cruzi

Indexed keywords

ALLOPURINOL; BENZNIDAZOLE; CLOMIPRAMINE; CYSTEINE PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; FEXINIDAZOLE; HEXOKINASE; HYPOXANTHINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; ITRACONAZOLE; KETOCONAZOLE; NITRO DERIVATIVE; POSACONAZOLE; PURINE; RAVUCONAZOLE; STEROL 14ALPHA DEMETHYLASE INHIBITOR; TIPIFARNIB; TRYPANOTHIONE; ANTITRYPANOSOMAL AGENT; NIFURTIMOX; NITROIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVE; STEROL;

EID: 84898902010     PISSN: 17512433     EISSN: 17512441     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2014.909282     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (40)

References (107)
  • 1
    • 77953082627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific chemotherapy of Chagas disease: Relevance, current limitations and new approaches
    • Urbina JA. Specific chemotherapy of Chagas disease: relevance, current limitations and new approaches. Acta Trop 2010; 115(1-2):55-68
    • (2010) Acta Trop , vol.115 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 55-68
    • Urbina, J.A.1
  • 2
    • 56249089380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neglected tropical diseases of latin america and the Caribbean: A review of disease burden and distribution and a roadmap for control and elimination
    • Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME, Franco-Paredes C, et al. The neglected tropical diseases of latin america and the Caribbean: a review of disease burden and distribution and a roadmap for control and elimination. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2008;2(9):e300
    • (2008) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.2 , Issue.9
    • Hotez, P.J.1    Bottazzi, M.E.2    Franco-Paredes, C.3
  • 3
    • 80053651699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas' Disease in the United States
    • Bern C, Kjos S, Yabsley MJ, Montgomery SP. Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas' Disease in the United States. Clin Microbiol Rev 2011;24(4):655-81
    • (2011) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 655-681
    • Bern, C.1    Kjos, S.2    Yabsley, M.J.3    Montgomery, S.P.4
  • 4
    • 77953023715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chagas disease in Spain, the United States and other non-endemic countries
    • Gascon J, Bern C, Pinazo MJ. Chagas disease in Spain, the United States and other non-endemic countries. Acta Trop 2010;115(1-2):22-7
    • (2010) Acta Trop , vol.115 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 22-27
    • Gascon, J.1    Bern, C.2    Pinazo, M.J.3
  • 6
    • 67649111331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eliminating Chagas disease: Challenges and a roadmap
    • Reithinger R, Tarleton RL, Urbina JA, et al. Eliminating Chagas disease: challenges and a roadmap. BMJ 2009;338:b1283
    • (2009) BMJ , vol.338
    • Reithinger, R.1    Tarleton, R.L.2    Urbina, J.A.3
  • 8
    • 64049108552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Side effects of benznidazole as treatment in chronic Chagas disease: Fears and realities
    • Viotti R, Vigliano C, Lococo B, et al. Side effects of benznidazole as treatment in chronic Chagas disease: fears and realities. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2009;7(2): 157-63
    • (2009) Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 157-163
    • Viotti, R.1    Vigliano, C.2    Lococo, B.3
  • 9
    • 84859293501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of cysteine-reactive small molecules in drug discovery for trypanosomal disease
    • Nicoll-Griffith DA. Use of cysteine-reactive small molecules in drug discovery for trypanosomal disease. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2012;7(4):353-66
    • (2012) Expert Opin Drug Discov , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 353-366
    • Nicoll-Griffith, D.A.1
  • 10
    • 78349274397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in Chagas disease drug development: 2009-2010
    • Buckner FS, Navabi N. Advances in Chagas disease drug development: 2009-2010. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2010;23(6):609-16
    • (2010) Curr Opin Infect Dis , vol.23 , Issue.6 , pp. 609-616
    • Buckner, F.S.1    Navabi, N.2
  • 11
    • 84898849564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from [Last accessed 30 January 2014]
    • Chagas Drug Discovery Consortium. Available from: http://sites.google. com/site/ chagasddc [Last accessed 30 January 2014]
    • Chagas Drug Discovery Consortium
  • 12
    • 0000625181 scopus 로고
    • Molecular evolution of biomembranes: Structural equivalents and phylogenetic precursors of sterols
    • Rohmer M, Bouvier P, Ourisson G. Molecular evolution of biomembranes: structural equivalents and phylogenetic precursors of sterols. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979;76(2):847-51
    • (1979) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.76 , Issue.2 , pp. 847-851
    • Rohmer, M.1    Bouvier, P.2    Ourisson, G.3
  • 13
    • 79960975304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting Trypanosoma cruzi sterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51)
    • Lepesheva GI, Villalta F, Waterman MR. Targeting Trypanosoma cruzi sterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51). Adv Parasitol 2011;75:65-87
    • (2011) Adv Parasitol , vol.75 , pp. 65-87
    • Lepesheva, G.I.1    Villalta, F.2    Waterman, M.R.3
  • 14
    • 70349189521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aetiological treatment with itraconazole or ketoconazole in individuals with Trypanosoma cruzi/HIV co-infection
    • de Almeida EA, Silva EL, Guariento ME, et al. Aetiological treatment with itraconazole or ketoconazole in individuals with Trypanosoma cruzi/HIV co-infection. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2009;103(6):471-6
    • (2009) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.103 , Issue.6 , pp. 471-476
    • De Almeida, E.A.1    Silva, E.L.2    Guariento, M.E.3
  • 15
    • 4444317781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemotherapy with benznidazole and itraconazole for mice infected with different Trypanosoma cruzi clonal genotypes
    • Toledo MJ, Bahia MT, Carneiro CM, et al. Chemotherapy with benznidazole and itraconazole for mice infected with different Trypanosoma cruzi clonal genotypes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003;47(1): 223-30
    • (2003) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 223-230
    • Toledo, M.J.1    Bahia, M.T.2    Carneiro, C.M.3
  • 16
    • 0343527887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A combination of benznidazole and ketoconazole enhances efficacy of chemotherapy of experimental Chagas' disease
    • Araujo MS, Martins-Filho OA, Pereira ME, Brener Z. A combination of benznidazole and ketoconazole enhances efficacy of chemotherapy of experimental Chagas' disease. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 45(6):819-24
    • (2000) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.45 , Issue.6 , pp. 819-824
    • Araujo, M.S.1    Martins-Filho, O.A.2    Pereira, M.E.3    Brener, Z.4
  • 17
    • 0033844976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro antiproliferative effects and mechanism of action of the new triazole derivative UR-9825 against the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi
    • Urbina JA, Lira R, Visbal G, Bartroli J. In vitro antiproliferative effects and mechanism of action of the new triazole derivative UR-9825 against the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000;44(9): 2498-502
    • (2000) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.44 , Issue.9 , pp. 2498-2502
    • Urbina, J.A.1    Lira, R.2    Visbal, G.3    Bartroli, J.4
  • 18
    • 9444291409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cure of short- and long-term experimental Chagas' disease using D0870
    • Urbina JA, Payares G, Molina J, et al. Cure of short- and long-term experimental Chagas' disease using D0870. Science 1996; 273(5277):969-71
    • (1996) Science , vol.273 , Issue.5277 , pp. 969-971
    • Urbina, J.A.1    Payares, G.2    Molina, J.3
  • 19
    • 16244418371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative efficacies of TAK-187, a long-lasting ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor, and benznidazole in preventing cardiac damage in a murine model of Chagas' disease
    • Corrales M, Cardozo R, Segura MA, et al. Comparative efficacies of TAK-187, a long-lasting ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor, and benznidazole in preventing cardiac damage in a murine model of Chagas' disease. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005;49(4):1556-60
    • (2005) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.49 , Issue.4 , pp. 1556-1560
    • Corrales, M.1    Cardozo, R.2    Segura, M.A.3
  • 20
    • 0033987127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activities of the triazole derivative SCH 56592 (posaconazole) against drug-resistant strains of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed murine hosts
    • Molina J, Martins-Filho O, Brener Z, et al. Activities of the triazole derivative SCH 56592 (posaconazole) against drug-resistant strains of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed murine hosts. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000;44(1):150-5
    • (2000) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 150-155
    • Molina, J.1    Martins-Filho, O.2    Brener, Z.3
  • 21
    • 34247144012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of posaconazole in a murine model of acute Chagas' disease is less dependent on gamma interferon than that of benznidazole
    • Ferraz ML, Gazzinelli RT, Alves RO, et al. The Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of posaconazole in a murine model of acute Chagas' disease is less dependent on gamma interferon than that of benznidazole. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007;51(4): 1359-64
    • (2007) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.51 , Issue.4 , pp. 1359-1364
    • Ferraz, M.L.1    Gazzinelli, R.T.2    Alves, R.O.3
  • 22
    • 84898817909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Research Institute. Clinicaltrials.gov: A service of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Identifier: NCT01162967. Available from[Last accessed 30 January 2014]
    • Clinical trial for the treatment of chronic chagas disease with posaconazole and benznidazole (CHAGASAZOL). Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Research Institute. Clinicaltrials.gov: A service of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Identifier: NCT01162967. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT01162967 [Last accessed 30 January 2014]
    • Clinical Trial for the Treatment of Chronic Chagas Disease with Posaconazole and Benznidazole (CHAGASAZOL)
  • 24
    • 84898849220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from and International Congress of Tropical Medicine. Available from: http:// ictmm2012.ioc.fiocruz.br/program-25-sept. html [Last accessed 30 January 2014]
    • Israel Molina. Chagas Drug Discovery Consortium 2012 Meeting. Available from: https://sites.google.com/site/chagasddc/and International Congress of Tropical Medicine. Available from: http:// ictmm2012.ioc.fiocruz.br/program-25- sept. html [Last accessed 30 January 2014]
    • Chagas Drug Discovery Consortium 2012 Meeting
    • Molina, I.1
  • 25
    • 84898925663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Clinicaltrials.gov: A service of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Identifier: NCT01377480. Available from: [Last accessed 30 January 2014]
    • A Study of the Use of Oral Posaconazole (POS) in the Treatment of Asymptomatic Chronic Chagas Disease (P05267) (STOP CHAGAS). Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Clinicaltrials.gov: A service of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Identifier: NCT01377480. Available from: http:// clinicaltrials.gov/ show/NCT01377480 [Last accessed 30 January 2014]
    • A Study of the Use of Oral Posaconazole (POS) in the Treatment of Asymptomatic Chronic Chagas Disease (P05267) (STOP CHAGAS)
  • 26
    • 77953742894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ravuconazole treatment on parasite load and immune response in dogs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi
    • Diniz Lde F, Caldas IS, Guedes PM, et al. Effects of ravuconazole treatment on parasite load and immune response in dogs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54(7):2979-86
    • (2010) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.54 , Issue.7 , pp. 2979-2986
    • Diniz Lde, F.1    Caldas, I.S.2    Guedes, P.M.3
  • 27
    • 0037220817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro and in vivo activities of ravuconazole on Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease
    • Urbina JA, Payares G, Sanoja C, et al. In vitro and in vivo activities of ravuconazole on Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2003;21(1):27-38
    • (2003) Int J Antimicrob Agents , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-38
    • Urbina, J.A.1    Payares, G.2    Sanoja, C.3
  • 28
    • 84879106188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs for neglected diseases initiative. Clinicaltrials. gov: A service of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Identifier: NCT01489228. Available from: [Last accessed 30 January 2014]
    • Proof-of-Concept Study of E1224 to treat adult patients with chagas disease. Drugs for neglected diseases initiative. Clinicaltrials. gov: A service of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Identifier: NCT01489228. Available from: http:// clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01489228 [Last accessed 30 January 2014]
    • Proof-of-Concept Study of E1224 to Treat Adult Patients with Chagas Disease
  • 29
    • 77952732116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second generation analogues of the cancer drug clinical candidate tipifarnib for anti-Chagas disease drug discovery
    • Kraus JM, Tatipaka HB, McGuffin SA, et al. Second generation analogues of the cancer drug clinical candidate tipifarnib for anti-Chagas disease drug discovery. J Med Chem 2010;53(10):3887-98
    • (2010) J Med Chem , vol.53 , Issue.10 , pp. 3887-3898
    • Kraus, J.M.1    Tatipaka, H.B.2    McGuffin, S.A.3
  • 30
    • 84865422539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological characterization, structural studies, and in vivo activities of anti-Chagas disease lead compounds derived from tipifarnib
    • Buckner FS, Bahia MT, Suryadevara PK, et al. Pharmacological characterization, structural studies, and in vivo activities of anti-Chagas disease lead compounds derived from tipifarnib. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012;56(9):4914-21
    • (2012) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.56 , Issue.9 , pp. 4914-4921
    • Buckner, F.S.1    Bahia, M.T.2    Suryadevara, P.K.3
  • 31
    • 84882301162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro and in vivo studies of the antiparasitic activity of sterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51) inhibitor VNI against drug-resistant strains of Trypanosoma cruzi
    • Soeiro Mde N, de Souza EM, da Silva CF, et al. In vitro and in vivo studies of the antiparasitic activity of sterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51) inhibitor VNI against drug-resistant strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013;57(9):4151-63
    • (2013) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.57 , Issue.9 , pp. 4151-4163
    • Soeiro Mde, N.1    De Souza, E.M.2    Da Silva, C.F.3
  • 32
    • 84880235011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VNI cures acute and chronic experimental Chagas disease
    • Villalta F, Dobish MC, Nde PN, et al. VNI cures acute and chronic experimental Chagas disease. J Infect Dis 2013;208(3): 504-11
    • (2013) J Infect Dis , vol.208 , Issue.3 , pp. 504-511
    • Villalta, F.1    Dobish, M.C.2    Nde, P.N.3
  • 33
    • 84864612078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diverse inhibitor chemotypes targeting Trypanosoma cruzi CYP51
    • Gunatilleke SS, Calvet CM, Johnston JB, et al. Diverse inhibitor chemotypes targeting Trypanosoma cruzi CYP51. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012;6(7):e1736
    • (2012) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.6 , Issue.7
    • Gunatilleke, S.S.1    Calvet, C.M.2    Johnston, J.B.3
  • 34
    • 0024558590 scopus 로고
    • Subcellular localization of a cysteine proteinase from Trypanosoma cruzi
    • Bontempi E, Martinez J, Cazzulo JJ. Subcellular localization of a cysteine proteinase from Trypanosoma cruzi. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1989;33(1):43-7
    • (1989) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-47
    • Bontempi, E.1    Martinez, J.2    Cazzulo, J.J.3
  • 35
    • 0025023473 scopus 로고
    • Some kinetic properties of a cysteine proteinase (cruzipain) from Trypanosoma cruzi
    • Cazzulo JJ, Cazzulo FM, Martinez J, Franke dCB. Some kinetic properties of a cysteine proteinase (cruzipain) from Trypanosoma cruzi. Biochim Biophys Acta 1990;1037(2):186-91
    • (1990) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1037 , Issue.2 , pp. 186-191
    • Cazzulo, J.J.1    Cazzulo, F.M.2    Martinez, J.3    Franked, C.B.4
  • 36
    • 0032541311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cysteine protease inhibitors cure an experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection
    • Engel JC, Doyle PS, Hsieh I, McKerrow JH. Cysteine protease inhibitors cure an experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection. J Exp Med 1998;188(4):725-34
    • (1998) J Exp Med , vol.188 , Issue.4 , pp. 725-734
    • Engel, J.C.1    Doyle, P.S.2    Hsieh, I.3    McKerrow, J.H.4
  • 37
    • 0032781317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of cysteine protease inhibitors as chemotherapy for parasitic diseases: Insights on safety, target validation, and mechanism of action
    • McKerrow JH. Development of cysteine protease inhibitors as chemotherapy for parasitic diseases: insights on safety, target validation, and mechanism of action. Int J Parasitol 1999;29(6):833-7
    • (1999) Int J Parasitol , vol.29 , Issue.6 , pp. 833-837
    • McKerrow, J.H.1
  • 38
    • 28844509592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cysteine protease inhibitor protects dogs from cardiac damage during infection by Trypanosoma cruzi
    • Barr SC, Warner KL, Kornreic BG, et al. A cysteine protease inhibitor protects dogs from cardiac damage during infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005;49(12):5160-1
    • (2005) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.49 , Issue.12 , pp. 5160-5161
    • Barr, S.C.1    Warner, K.L.2    Kornreic, B.G.3
  • 39
    • 77649200180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonpeptidic tetrafluorophenoxymethyl ketone cruzain inhibitors as promising new leads for Chagas disease chemotherapy
    • Brak K, Kerr ID, Barrett KT, et al. Nonpeptidic tetrafluorophenoxymethyl ketone cruzain inhibitors as promising new leads for Chagas disease chemotherapy. J Med Chem 2010;53(4):1763-73
    • (2010) J Med Chem , vol.53 , Issue.4 , pp. 1763-1773
    • Brak, K.1    Kerr, I.D.2    Barrett, K.T.3
  • 40
    • 84893484984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversible cysteine protease inhibitors show promise for a chagas cure
    • Ndao M, Beaulieu C, Black WC, et al. Reversible cysteine protease inhibitors show promise for a chagas cure. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014;58(2):1167-78
    • (2014) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 1167-1178
    • Ndao, M.1    Beaulieu, C.2    Black, W.C.3
  • 41
    • 14544289062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acidocalcisomes - Conserved from bacteria to man
    • Docampo R, de Souza W, Miranda K, et al. Acidocalcisomes - conserved from bacteria to man. Nat Rev Microbiol 2005; 3(3):251-61
    • (2005) Nat Rev Microbiol , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 251-261
    • Docampo, R.1    De Souza, W.2    Miranda, K.3
  • 42
    • 0034284550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic approaches to bone diseases
    • Rodan GA, Martin TJ. Therapeutic approaches to bone diseases. Science 2000; 289(5484):1508-14
    • (2000) Science , vol.289 , Issue.5484 , pp. 1508-1514
    • Rodan, G.A.1    Martin, T.J.2
  • 43
    • 0033958778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alendronate is a specific, nanomolar inhibitor of farnesyl diphosphate synthase
    • Bergstrom JD, Bostedor RG, Masarachia PJ, et al. Alendronate is a specific, nanomolar inhibitor of farnesyl diphosphate synthase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2000;373(1):231-41
    • (2000) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.373 , Issue.1 , pp. 231-241
    • Bergstrom, J.D.1    Bostedor, R.G.2    Masarachia, P.J.3
  • 44
    • 0035823604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase
    • Montalvetti A, Bailey BN, Martin MB, et al. Bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. J Biol Chem 2001; 276(36):33930-7
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , Issue.36 , pp. 33930-33937
    • Montalvetti, A.1    Bailey, B.N.2    Martin, M.B.3
  • 45
    • 20944439686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risedronate in the treatment of Murine Chagas' disease
    • Bouzahzah B, Jelicks LA, Morris SA, et al. Risedronate in the treatment of Murine Chagas' disease. Parasitol Res 2005;96(3): 184-7
    • (2005) Parasitol Res , vol.96 , Issue.3 , pp. 184-187
    • Bouzahzah, B.1    Jelicks, L.A.2    Morris, S.A.3
  • 46
    • 1442287477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiparasitic activity of risedronate in a murine model of acute Chagas' disease
    • Garzoni LR, Waghabi MC, Baptista MM, et al. Antiparasitic activity of risedronate in a murine model of acute Chagas' disease. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2004;23(3):286-90
    • (2004) Int J Antimicrob Agents , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 286-290
    • Garzoni, L.R.1    Waghabi, M.C.2    Baptista, M.M.3
  • 47
    • 34250320544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bisphosphonates as inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi hexokinase: Kinetic and metabolic studies
    • Sanz-Rodriguez CE, Concepcion JL, Pekerar S, et al. Bisphosphonates as inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi hexokinase: kinetic and metabolic studies. J Biol Chem 2007;282(17):12377-87
    • (2007) J Biol Chem , vol.282 , Issue.17 , pp. 12377-12387
    • Sanz-Rodriguez, C.E.1    Concepcion, J.L.2    Pekerar, S.3
  • 48
    • 30444453138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi hexokinase by bisphosphonates
    • Hudock MP, Sanz-Rodriguez CE, Song Y, et al. Inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi hexokinase by bisphosphonates. J Med Chem 2006;49(1):215-23
    • (2006) J Med Chem , vol.49 , Issue.1 , pp. 215-223
    • Hudock, M.P.1    Sanz-Rodriguez, C.E.2    Song, Y.3
  • 49
    • 84864209728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design, synthesis, calorimetry, and crystallographic analysis of 2- alkylaminoethyl-1,1-bisphosphonates as inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi farnesyl diphosphate synthase
    • Aripirala S, Szajnman SH, Jakoncic J, et al. Design, synthesis, calorimetry, and crystallographic analysis of 2- alkylaminoethyl-1,1- bisphosphonates as inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi farnesyl diphosphate synthase. J Med Chem 2012; 55(14):6445-54
    • (2012) J Med Chem , vol.55 , Issue.14 , pp. 6445-6454
    • Aripirala, S.1    Szajnman, S.H.2    Jakoncic, J.3
  • 50
    • 84862891796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bisphosphonate metal complexes as selective inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi farnesyl diphosphate synthase
    • Demoro B, Caruso F, Rossi M, et al. Bisphosphonate metal complexes as selective inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi farnesyl diphosphate synthase. Dalton Trans 2012; 41(21):6468-76
    • (2012) Dalton Trans , vol.41 , Issue.21 , pp. 6468-6476
    • Demoro, B.1    Caruso, F.2    Rossi, M.3
  • 51
    • 84872132292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of sulfur-containing 1,1-bisphosphonic acids as antiparasitic agents
    • Recher M, Barboza AP, Li ZH, et al. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of sulfur-containing 1,1-bisphosphonic acids as antiparasitic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2013;60:431-40
    • (2013) Eur J Med Chem , vol.60 , pp. 431-440
    • Recher, M.1    Barboza, A.P.2    Li, Z.H.3
  • 53
    • 0026793462 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism and functions of trypanothione in the Kinetoplastida
    • Fairlamb AH, Cerami A. Metabolism and functions of trypanothione in the Kinetoplastida. Annu Rev Microbiol 1992;46:695-729
    • (1992) Annu Rev Microbiol , vol.46 , pp. 695-729
    • Fairlamb, A.H.1    Cerami, A.2
  • 54
    • 0036833868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzymes of the trypanothione metabolism as targets for antitrypanosomal drug development
    • Schmidt A, Krauth-Siegel RL. Enzymes of the trypanothione metabolism as targets for antitrypanosomal drug development. Curr Top Med Chem 2002;2(11):1239-59
    • (2002) Curr Top Med Chem , vol.2 , Issue.11 , pp. 1239-1259
    • Schmidt, A.1    Krauth-Siegel, R.L.2
  • 55
    • 33645568844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arylfurans as potential trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase inhibitors
    • de Oliveira RB, Vaz AB, Alves RO, et al. Arylfurans as potential trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase inhibitors. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2006;101(2):169-73
    • (2006) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz , vol.101 , Issue.2 , pp. 169-173
    • De Oliveira, R.B.1    Vaz, A.B.2    Alves, R.O.3
  • 56
    • 22744459375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase revealed by virtual screening and parallel synthesis
    • Meiering S, Inhoff O, Mies J, et al. Inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase revealed by virtual screening and parallel synthesis. J Med Chem 2005;48(15):4793-802
    • (2005) J Med Chem , vol.48 , Issue.15 , pp. 4793-4802
    • Meiering, S.1    Inhoff, O.2    Mies, J.3
  • 57
    • 34248233026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with benznidazole or thioridazine in the chronic phase of experimental Chagas disease improves cardiopathy
    • Bustamante JM, Presti MS, Rivarola HW, et al. Treatment with benznidazole or thioridazine in the chronic phase of experimental Chagas disease improves cardiopathy. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007; 29(6):733-7
    • (2007) Int J Antimicrob Agents , vol.29 , Issue.6 , pp. 733-737
    • Bustamante, J.M.1    Presti, M.S.2    Rivarola, H.W.3
  • 58
    • 2942519720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thioridazine treatment prevents cardiopathy in Trypanosoma cruzi infected mice
    • Lo Presti MS, Rivarola HW, Bustamante JM, et al. Thioridazine treatment prevents cardiopathy in Trypanosoma cruzi infected mice. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2004;23(6):634-6
    • (2004) Int J Antimicrob Agents , vol.23 , Issue.6 , pp. 634-636
    • Lo Presti, M.S.1    Rivarola, H.W.2    Bustamante, J.M.3
  • 59
    • 0032702854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thioridazine treatment modifies the evolution of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice
    • Rivarola HW, Fernandez AR, Enders JE, et al. Thioridazine treatment modifies the evolution of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1999;93(7): 695-702
    • (1999) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.93 , Issue.7 , pp. 695-702
    • Rivarola, H.W.1    Fernandez, A.R.2    Enders, J.E.3
  • 60
    • 84877053820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of clomipramine as chemotherapy of the chronic phase of Chagas disease
    • Fauro R, Lo Presti S, Bazan C, et al. Use of clomipramine as chemotherapy of the chronic phase of Chagas disease. Parasitology 2013;140(7):917-27
    • (2013) Parasitology , vol.140 , Issue.7 , pp. 917-927
    • Fauro, R.1    Lo Presti, S.2    Bazan, C.3
  • 61
    • 18044365378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chemotherapy of chagas' disease: An overview
    • Paulino M, Iribarne F, Dubin M, et al. The chemotherapy of chagas' disease: an overview. Mini Rev Med Chem 2005; 5(5):499-519
    • (2005) Mini Rev Med Chem , vol.5 , Issue.5 , pp. 499-519
    • Paulino, M.1    Iribarne, F.2    Dubin, M.3
  • 62
    • 0142227145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific chemotherapy of Chagas disease: Controversies and advances
    • Urbina JA, Docampo R. Specific chemotherapy of Chagas disease: controversies and advances. Trends Parasitol 2003;19(11):495-501
    • (2003) Trends Parasitol , vol.19 , Issue.11 , pp. 495-501
    • Urbina, J.A.1    Docampo, R.2
  • 63
    • 79952115680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of clomipramine and allopurinol for the treatment of the experimental infection with Trypanosoma cruzi
    • Gobbi P, Baez A, Lo Presti MS, et al. Association of clomipramine and allopurinol for the treatment of the experimental infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasitol Res 2010;107(5):1279-83
    • (2010) Parasitol Res , vol.107 , Issue.5 , pp. 1279-1283
    • Gobbi, P.1    Baez, A.2    Lo Presti, M.S.3
  • 64
    • 34548555595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allopurinol is effective to modify the evolution of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice
    • Gobbi P, Lo Presti MS, Fernandez AR, et al. Allopurinol is effective to modify the evolution of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice. Parasitol Res 2007;101(5):1459-62
    • (2007) Parasitol Res , vol.101 , Issue.5 , pp. 1459-1462
    • Gobbi, P.1    Lo Presti, M.S.2    Fernandez, A.R.3
  • 65
    • 0141557725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventional study in the natural evolution of Chagas disease. Evaluation of specific antiparasitic treatment. Retrospective-prospective study of antiparasitic therapy
    • Gallerano RR, Sosa RR. [Interventional study in the natural evolution of Chagas disease. Evaluation of specific antiparasitic treatment. Retrospective-prospective study of antiparasitic therapy]. Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba 2000;57(2):135-62
    • (2000) Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba , vol.57 , Issue.2 , pp. 135-162
    • Gallerano, R.R.1    Sosa, R.R.2
  • 66
    • 0037282931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Itraconazole or allopurinol in the treatment of chronic American trypanosomiasis: The regression and prevention of electrocardiographic abnormalities during 9 years of follow-up
    • Apt W, Arribada A, Zulantay I, et al. Itraconazole or allopurinol in the treatment of chronic American trypanosomiasis: the regression and prevention of electrocardiographic abnormalities during 9 years of follow-up. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2003;97(1):23-9
    • (2003) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.97 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-29
    • Apt, W.1    Arribada, A.2    Zulantay, I.3
  • 67
    • 33847715558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific treatment for Trypanosoma cruzi: Lack of efficacy of allopurinol in the human chronic phase of Chagas disease
    • Rassi A, Luquetti AO, Rassi A Jr, et al. Specific treatment for Trypanosoma cruzi: lack of efficacy of allopurinol in the human chronic phase of Chagas disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007;76(1):58-61
    • (2007) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.76 , Issue.1 , pp. 58-61
    • Rassi, A.1    Luquetti, A.O.2    Rassi Jr., A.3
  • 68
    • 0034521429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient identification of inhibitors targeting the closed active site conformation of the HPRT from Trypanosoma cruzi
    • Freymann DM, Wenck MA, Engel JC, et al. Efficient identification of inhibitors targeting the closed active site conformation of the HPRT from Trypanosoma cruzi. Chem Biol 2000;7(12):957-68
    • (2000) Chem Biol , vol.7 , Issue.12 , pp. 957-968
    • Freymann, D.M.1    Wenck, M.A.2    Engel, J.C.3
  • 69
    • 1242273769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional roles for amino acids in active site loop II of a hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase
    • Medrano FJ, Wenck MA, Eakin AE, Craig SP 3rd. Functional roles for amino acids in active site loop II of a hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase. Biochim Biophys Acta 2003;1650(1-2):105-16
    • (2003) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1650 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 105-116
    • Medrano, F.J.1    Wenck, M.A.2    Eakin, A.E.3    Craig III, S.P.4
  • 70
    • 84884684103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis, physicochemical properties of allopurinol derivatives and their biological activity against Trypanosoma cruzi
    • Raviolo MA, Solana ME, Novoa MM, et al. Synthesis, physicochemical properties of allopurinol derivatives and their biological activity against Trypanosoma cruzi. Eur J Med Chem 2013;69:455-64
    • (2013) Eur J Med Chem , vol.69 , pp. 455-464
    • Raviolo, M.A.1    Solana, M.E.2    Novoa, M.M.3
  • 71
    • 69049083506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The steady-state transcriptome of the four major life-cycle stages of Trypanosoma cruzi
    • Minning TA, Weatherly DB, Atwood J 3rd, et al. The steady-state transcriptome of the four major life-cycle stages of Trypanosoma cruzi. BMC Genomics 2009;10:370
    • (2009) BMC Genomics , vol.10 , pp. 370
    • Minning, T.A.1    Weatherly, D.B.2    Atwood III, J.3
  • 73
    • 79961101342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral exposure to Trypanosoma cruzi elicits a systemic CD8 T cell response and protection against heterotopic challenge
    • Collins MH, Craft JM, Bustamante JM, Tarleton RL. Oral exposure to Trypanosoma cruzi elicits a systemic CD8 T cell response and protection against heterotopic challenge. Infect Immun 2011; 79(8):3397-406
    • (2011) Infect Immun , vol.79 , Issue.8 , pp. 3397-3406
    • Collins, M.H.1    Craft, J.M.2    Bustamante, J.M.3    Tarleton, R.L.4
  • 74
    • 84455170162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of benznidazole by trypanosomal type i nitroreductases results in glyoxal formation
    • Hall BS, Wilkinson SR. Activation of benznidazole by trypanosomal type I nitroreductases results in glyoxal formation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012;56(1): 115-23
    • (2012) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.56 , Issue.1 , pp. 115-123
    • Hall, B.S.1    Wilkinson, S.R.2
  • 75
    • 79953882988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nifurtimox activation by trypanosomal type i nitroreductases generates cytotoxic nitrile metabolites
    • Hall BS, Bot C, Wilkinson SR. Nifurtimox activation by trypanosomal type I nitroreductases generates cytotoxic nitrile metabolites. J Biol Chem 2011;286(15): 13088-95
    • (2011) J Biol Chem , vol.286 , Issue.15 , pp. 13088-13095
    • Hall, B.S.1    Bot, C.2    Wilkinson, S.R.3
  • 76
    • 42449155428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mechanism for cross-resistance to nifurtimox and benznidazole in trypanosomes
    • Wilkinson SR, Taylor MC, Horn D, et al. A mechanism for cross-resistance to nifurtimox and benznidazole in trypanosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008;105(13):5022-7
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.105 , Issue.13 , pp. 5022-5027
    • Wilkinson, S.R.1    Taylor, M.C.2    Horn, D.3
  • 78
    • 0024020604 scopus 로고
    • Toxic effects of nifurtimox and benznidazole, two drugs used against American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease)
    • Castro JA, Diaz de Toranzo EG. Toxic effects of nifurtimox and benznidazole, two drugs used against American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease). Biomed Environ Sci 1988;1(1):19-33
    • (1988) Biomed Environ Sci , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-33
    • Castro, J.A.1    Diaz De Toranzo, E.G.2
  • 79
    • 84886532244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel 3-nitro-1H- 1,2,4-triazole-based compounds as potential anti-Chagasic drugs: In vivo studies
    • Papadopoulou MV, Bloomer WD, Rosenzweig HS, et al. Novel 3-nitro-1H- 1,2,4-triazole-based compounds as potential anti-Chagasic drugs: in vivo studies. Future Med Chem 2013;5(15):1763-76
    • (2013) Future Med Chem , vol.5 , Issue.15 , pp. 1763-1776
    • Papadopoulou, M.V.1    Bloomer, W.D.2    Rosenzweig, H.S.3
  • 80
    • 84885182984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel 3-nitro-1H- 1,2,4-triazole-based piperazines and 2- amino-1,3-benzothiazoles as antichagasic agents
    • Papadopoulou MV, Bloomer WD, Rosenzweig HS, et al. Novel 3-nitro-1H- 1,2,4-triazole-based piperazines and 2- amino-1,3-benzothiazoles as antichagasic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2013;21(21): 6600-7
    • (2013) Bioorg Med Chem , vol.21 , Issue.21 , pp. 6600-6607
    • Papadopoulou, M.V.1    Bloomer, W.D.2    Rosenzweig, H.S.3
  • 81
    • 77957157882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro and in vivo high-throughput assays for the testing of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi compounds
    • Canavaci AM, Bustamante JM, Padilla AM, et al. In vitro and in vivo high-throughput assays for the testing of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi compounds. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2010;4(7):e740
    • (2010) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.4 , Issue.7
    • Canavaci, A.M.1    Bustamante, J.M.2    Padilla, A.M.3
  • 82
    • 0020685084 scopus 로고
    • The activity of fexinidazole (HOE 239) against experimental infections with Trypanosoma cruzi, trichomonads and Entamoeba histolytica
    • Raether W, Seidenath H. The activity of fexinidazole (HOE 239) against experimental infections with Trypanosoma cruzi, trichomonads and Entamoeba histolytica. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1983; 77(1):13-26
    • (1983) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.77 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-26
    • Raether, W.1    Seidenath, H.2
  • 83
    • 82555187388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel 3-nitro-1H- 1,2,4-triazole-based aliphatic and aromatic amines as anti-chagasic agents
    • Papadopoulou MV, Trunz BB, Bloomer WD, et al. Novel 3-nitro-1H- 1,2,4-triazole-based aliphatic and aromatic amines as anti-chagasic agents. J Med Chem 2011;54(23):8214-23
    • (2011) J Med Chem , vol.54 , Issue.23 , pp. 8214-8223
    • Papadopoulou, M.V.1    Trunz, B.B.2    Bloomer, W.D.3
  • 84
    • 84870742537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fexinidazole: A potential new drug candidate for Chagas disease
    • Bahia MT, de Andrade IM, Martins TA, et al. Fexinidazole: a potential new drug candidate for Chagas disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012;6(11):e1870
    • (2012) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.6 , Issue.11
    • Bahia, M.T.1    De Andrade, I.M.2    Martins, T.A.3
  • 85
    • 84898864535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative. Clinicaltrials. gov: A service of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Identifier: NCT00982904. Available from: [Last accessed 30 January 2014]
    • Human African Trypanosomiasis: first in Man Clinical Trial of a New Medicinal Product, the Fexinidazole. Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative. Clinicaltrials. gov: A service of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Identifier: NCT00982904. Available from: http:// clinicaltrials.gov/show/ NCT00982904 [Last accessed 30 January 2014]
    • Human African Trypanosomiasis: First in Man Clinical Trial of A New Medicinal Product, the Fexinidazole
  • 87
    • 77951815067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic potential of boron-containing compounds
    • Baker SJ, Ding CZ, Akama T, et al. Therapeutic potential of boron-containing compounds. Future Med Chem 2009;1(7): 1275-88
    • (2009) Future Med Chem , vol.1 , Issue.7 , pp. 1275-1288
    • Baker, S.J.1    Ding, C.Z.2    Akama, T.3
  • 88
    • 67349127495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystal structures of the human and fungal cytosolic Leucyl-tRNA synthetase editing domains: A structural basis for the rational design of antifungal benzoxaboroles
    • Seiradake E, Mao W, Hernandez V, et al. Crystal structures of the human and fungal cytosolic Leucyl-tRNA synthetase editing domains: a structural basis for the rational design of antifungal benzoxaboroles. J Mol Biol 2009;390(2):196-207
    • (2009) J Mol Biol , vol.390 , Issue.2 , pp. 196-207
    • Seiradake, E.1    Mao, W.2    Hernandez, V.3
  • 89
    • 84862833462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benzoxaboroles: A new class of potential drugs for human African trypanosomiasis
    • Jacobs RT, Plattner JJ, Nare B, et al. Benzoxaboroles: a new class of potential drugs for human African trypanosomiasis. Future Med Chem 2011;3(10):1259-78
    • (2011) Future Med Chem , vol.3 , Issue.10 , pp. 1259-1278
    • Jacobs, R.T.1    Plattner, J.J.2    Nare, B.3
  • 90
    • 79959787951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SCYX- 7158, an orally-active benzoxaborole for the treatment of stage 2 human African trypanosomiasis
    • Jacobs RT, Nare B, Wring SA, et al. SCYX- 7158, an orally-active benzoxaborole for the treatment of stage 2 human African trypanosomiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5(6):e1151
    • (2011) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.5 , Issue.6
    • Jacobs, R.T.1    Nare, B.2    Wring, S.A.3
  • 91
    • 84898864535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs for neglected diseases initiative. Clinicaltrials. gov: A service of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Identifier: NCT01533961. Available from: [Last accessed 30 January 2014]
    • Human African Trypanosomiasis: first in Man Clinical Trial of a New Medicinal Product, the SCYX-7158. Drugs for neglected diseases initiative. Clinicaltrials. gov: A service of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Identifier: NCT01533961. Available from: http:// clinicaltrials.gov/show/ NCT01533961 [Last accessed 30 January 2014]
    • Human African Trypanosomiasis: First in Man Clinical Trial of A New Medicinal Product, the SCYX-7158
  • 92
    • 84891355403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New, Combined, and Reduced Dosing Treatment Protocols Cure Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Mice
    • Bustamante JM, Craft JM, Crowe BD, et al. New, Combined, and Reduced Dosing Treatment Protocols Cure Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Mice. J Infect Dis 2014;209(1):150-62
    • (2014) J Infect Dis , vol.209 , Issue.1 , pp. 150-162
    • Bustamante, J.M.1    Craft, J.M.2    Crowe, B.D.3
  • 93
    • 0037015184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for using antiretroviral agents among HIV-infected adults and adolescents
    • Dybul M, Fauci AS, Bartlett JG, et al. Guidelines for using antiretroviral agents among HIV-infected adults and adolescents. Ann Intern Med 2002;137(5 Pt 2):381-433
    • (2002) Ann Intern Med , vol.137 , Issue.5 PART 2 , pp. 381-433
    • Dybul, M.1    Fauci, A.S.2    Bartlett, J.G.3
  • 94
    • 84860380179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis: Needs, challenges, promise, and prospects for the future
    • Lienhardt C, Raviglione M, Spigelman M, et al. New drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis: needs, challenges, promise, and prospects for the future. J Infect Dis 2012; 205(Suppl 2):S241-9
    • (2012) J Infect Dis , vol.205 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Lienhardt, C.1    Raviglione, M.2    Spigelman, M.3
  • 95
    • 0003588734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimalarial drug combination therapy
    • WHO WHO; Geneva, Switzerland
    • WHO. Antimalarial drug combination therapy. Report of a WHO Technical Consultation. WHO; Geneva, Switzerland: 2001
    • (2001) Report of A WHO Technical Consultation
  • 96
    • 84869507989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of benznidazole treatment combined with nifurtimox, posaconazole or AmBisome(R) in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi strains
    • Cencig S, Coltel N, Truyens C, Carlier Y. Evaluation of benznidazole treatment combined with nifurtimox, posaconazole or AmBisome(R) in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi strains. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012;40(6):527-32
    • (2012) Int J Antimicrob Agents , vol.40 , Issue.6 , pp. 527-532
    • Cencig, S.1    Coltel, N.2    Truyens, C.3    Carlier, Y.4
  • 97
    • 84883372900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benznidazole and posaconazole in experimental Chagas disease: Positive interaction in concomitant and sequential treatments
    • Diniz Lde F, Urbina JA, de Andrade IM, et al. Benznidazole and posaconazole in experimental Chagas disease: positive interaction in concomitant and sequential treatments. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013;7(8): e2367
    • (2013) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.7 , Issue.8
    • Diniz Lde, F.1    Urbina, J.A.2    De Andrade, I.M.3
  • 98
    • 84861116188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preclinical monitoring of drug association in experimental chemotherapy of Chagas' disease by a new HPLC-UV method
    • Moreira da Silva R, Oliveira LT, Silva Barcellos NM, et al. Preclinical monitoring of drug association in experimental chemotherapy of Chagas' disease by a new HPLC-UV method. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012;56(6): 3344-8
    • (2012) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.56 , Issue.6 , pp. 3344-3348
    • Moreira Da Silva, R.1    Oliveira, L.T.2    Silva Barcellos, N.M.3
  • 99
    • 84856117668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined treatment of heterocyclic analogues and benznidazole upon Trypanosoma cruzi in vivo
    • Batista Dda G, Batista MM, de Oliveira GM, et al. Combined treatment of heterocyclic analogues and benznidazole upon Trypanosoma cruzi in vivo. PLoS One 2011;6(7):e22155
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6 , Issue.7
    • Batista Dda, G.1    Batista, M.M.2    De Oliveira, G.M.3
  • 100
    • 84898927534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined treatment with benznidazole and allopurinol in mice infected with a virulent Trypanosoma cruzi isolate from Nicaragua
    • Grosso NL, Alarcon ML, Bua J, et al. Combined treatment with benznidazole and allopurinol in mice infected with a virulent Trypanosoma cruzi isolate from Nicaragua. Parasitology 2013;140(10):1225-33
    • (2013) Parasitology , vol.140 , Issue.10 , pp. 1225-1233
    • Grosso, N.L.1    Alarcon, M.L.2    Bua, J.3
  • 102
    • 84865958129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benznidazole shortage makes chagas disease a neglected tropical disease in developed countries: Data from Spain
    • Navarro M, Norman FF, Perez-Molina JA, Lopez-Velez R. Benznidazole shortage makes chagas disease a neglected tropical disease in developed countries: data from Spain. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012;87(3):489-90
    • (2012) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.87 , Issue.3 , pp. 489-490
    • Navarro, M.1    Norman, F.F.2    Perez-Molina, J.A.3    Lopez-Velez, R.4
  • 104
    • 84893436816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a paradigm shift in the treatment of chronic Chagas disease
    • Viotti R, de Noya BA, Araujo-Jorge T, et al. Towards a paradigm shift in the treatment of chronic Chagas disease. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014;58(2): 635-9
    • (2014) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 635-639
    • Viotti, R.1    De Noya, B.A.2    Araujo-Jorge, T.3
  • 105
    • 34547905013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiological treatment of chronic Chagas disease: Neglected 'evidence' by evidence-based medicine
    • Viotti R, Vigliano C. Etiological treatment of chronic Chagas disease: neglected 'evidence' by evidence-based medicine. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2007;5(4): 717-26
    • (2007) Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 717-726
    • Viotti, R.1    Vigliano, C.2
  • 106
    • 33646847271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term cardiac outcomes of treating chronic Chagas disease with benznidazole versus no treatment: A nonrandomized trial
    • Viotti R, Vigliano C, Lococo B, et al. Long-term cardiac outcomes of treating chronic Chagas disease with benznidazole versus no treatment: a nonrandomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2006;144(10):724-34
    • (2006) Ann Intern Med , vol.144 , Issue.10 , pp. 724-734
    • Viotti, R.1    Vigliano, C.2    Lococo, B.3
  • 107
    • 84857233757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgenic parasites accelerate drug discovery
    • Rodriguez A, Tarleton RL. Transgenic parasites accelerate drug discovery. Trends Parasitol 2012;28(3):90-2
    • (2012) Trends Parasitol , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 90-92
    • Rodriguez, A.1    Tarleton, R.L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.