Pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetics and delivery approaches

Resveratrol: Sources, Production and Health Benefits

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 465-489

  Das, Surajit ^a   Chaudhury, Anumita ^b  

^a INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES   (Singapore)

^b NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY   (Singapore)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84895341273     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (135)

1. Aggarwal, B. B., Bhardwaj, A., Aggarwal, R. S., Seeram, N. P., Shishodia, S. and Takada, Y., Role of resveratrol in prevention and therapy of cancer: Preclinical and clinical studies, Anticancer Res. 2004, 24, 2783-2840.
2. Langcake, P. and Pryce, R. J., The production of resveratrol by Vitis vinifera and other members of the vitaceae as a response to infection and injury, Physiol. Plant Pathol. 1976, 9, 77-86.
3. Paul, B., Masih, I., Deopujari, J. and Charpentier, C., Occurrence of resveratrol and pterostilbene in age-old darakchasava, an ayurvedic medicine from India, J. Ethnopharmacol. 1999, 68, 71-76.
4. Takaoka, M. J., Of the phenolic substances of white hellebore, J. Faculty Sci. Hokkaido Imperial University. 1940, 3, 1-16.
5. Nonomura, S., Kanagawa, H. and Makimoto, A., Chemical Constituents of Polygonaceous Plants. I. Studies on the Components of Ko-J O-Kon, Yakugaku Zasshi. 1963, 83, 988-990.
6. Lee, S. K., Mbwambo, Z. H., Chung, H., Luyengi, L., Gamez, E. J., Mehta, R. G., Kinghorn, A. D. and Pezzuto, J. M., Evaluation of the antioxidant potential of natural products, Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screen. 1998, 1, 35-46.
7. Vastano, B. C., Chen, Y., Zhu, N., Ho, C. T., Zhou, Z. and Rosen, R. T., Isolation and identification of stilbenes in two varieties of Polygonum cuspidatum, J. Agric. Food Chem. 2000, 48(2):253-256.
8. Cichewicz, R. H. and Kouzi, S. A., Resveratrol oligomers: structure, chemistry, and biological activity, J. Nat. Prod. Chem. 2002, 26, 507-579.
9. Siemann, E. H. and Creasy, L. L., Concentration of the phytoalexin resveratrol in wine, Am. J. Eno. Vitic. 1992, 43, 49-52.
10. Baur, J. A. and Sinclair, D. A., Therapeutic potential of resveratrol: the in vivo evidence, Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2006, 5, 493-506.
11. Kopp, P., Resveratrol, a phytoestrogen found in red wine. A possible explanation for the conundrum of the 'French paradox'?. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 1998, 138, 619-620.
12. Hung, L. M., Chen, J. K., Huang, S. S., Lee, R. S. and Su, M. J., Cardioprotective effect of resveratrol, a natural antioxidant derived from grapes, Cardiovasc. Res. 2000, 47, 549-555.
13. Bradamante, S., Barenghi, L. and Villa, A., Cardiovascular protective effects of resveratrol, Cardiovasc. Drug Rev. 2004, 22, 169-188.
14. Mahady, G. B. and Pendland, S. L., Resveratrol inhibits the growth of Helicobacter pylori in vitro, Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2000, 95, 1849.
15. Daroch, F., Hoeneisen, M., Gonzalez, C. L., Kawaguchi, F., Salgado, F., Solar, H. and Garcia, A., In vitro antibacterial activity of Chilean red wines against Helicobacter pylori, Microbios. 2001, 104, 79-85.
16. Chan, M. M., Antimicrobial effect of resveratrol on dermatophytes and bacterial pathogens of the skin, Biochem. Pharmacol. 2002, 63, 99-104.
17. Mahady, G. B., Pendland, S. L. and Chadwick, L. R., Resveratrol and red wine extracts inhibit the growth of CagA+ strains of Helicobacter pylori in vitro, Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2003, 98, 1440-1441.
18. Heredia, A., Davis, C. and Redfield, R., Synergistic inhibition of HIV-1 in activated and resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells, monocyte-derived macrophages, and selected drug-resistant isolates with nucleoside analogues combined with a natural product, resveratrol, J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 2000, 25, 246-255.
19. Docherty, J. J., Fu, M. M., Stiffler, B. S., Limperos, R. J., Pokabla, C. M. and DeLucia, A. L., Resveratrol inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication, Antiviral. Res. 1999, 43, 145-155.
20. Docherty, J. J., Smith, J. S., Fu, M. M., Stoner, T. and Booth, T., Effect of topically applied resveratrol on cutaneous herpes simplex virus infections in hairless mice, Antiviral. Res. 2004, 61, 19-26.
21. Jang, M., Cai, L., Udeani, G. O., Slowing, K. V., Thomas, C. F., Beecher, C. W., Fong, H. H., Farnsworth, N. R., Kinghorn, A. D., Mehta, R. G., Moon, R. C. and Pezzuto, J. M., Cancer chemopreventive activity of resveratrol, a natural product derived from grapes, Science. 1997, 275, 218-220.
22. Bohm, M., Rosenkranz, S., Laufs, U., Alcohol and red wine: Impact on cardiovascular risk, Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2004, 19, 11-16.
23. Chen, G., Shan, W., Wu, Y., Ren, L., Dong, J. and Ji, Z., Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of resveratrol analogs, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2005, 53, 1587-1590.
24. Elmali, N., Esenkaya, I., Harma, A., Ertem, K., Turkoz, Y. and Mizrak, B., Effect of resveratrol in experimental osteoarthritis in rabbits, Inflamm. Res. 2005, 54, 158-162.
25. Birrell, M. A., McCluskie, K., Wong, S., Donnelly, L. E., Barnes, P. J. and Belvisi, M. G., Resveratrol, an extract of red wine, inhibits lipopolysaccharide induced airway neutrophilia and inflammatory mediators through an NF-kappaB-independent mechanism, FASEB J. 2005, 19, 840-841.
26. Jang, M. and Pezzuto, J. M., Effects of resveratrol on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced oxidative events and gene expression in mouse skin, Cancer Lett. 1998, 134, 81-89.
27. Afaq, F., Adhami, V. M., Ahmad, N. and Mukhtar, H., Botanical antioxidants for chemoprevention of photocarcinogenesis, Front Biosci. 2002, 7, d784-792.
28. Kapadia, G. J., Azuine, M. A., Tokuda, H., Takasaki, M., Mukainaka, T., Konoshima, T. and Nishino, H., Chemopreventive effect of resveratrol, sesamol, sesame oil and sunflower oil in the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation assay and the mouse skin two-stage carcinogenesis, Pharmacol. Res. 2002, 45, 499-505.
29. Soleas, G. J., Grass, L., Josephy, P. D., Goldberg, D. M. and Diamandis, E. P., A comparison of the anticarcinogenic properties of four red wine polyphenols, Clin. Biochem. 2002, 35, 119-124.
30. Breinholt, V. M., Molck, A. M., Svendsen, G. W., Daneshvar, B., Vinggaard, A. M., Poulsen, M. and Dragsted, L. O., Effects of dietary antioxidants and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]-quinoline (I. Q.) on preneoplastic lesions and on oxidative damage, hormonal status, and detoxification capacity in the rat, Food Chem. Toxicol. 2003, 41, 1315-1323.
31. Yu, L., Sun, Z. J., Wu, S. L. and Pan, C. E., Effect of resveratrol on cell cycle proteins in murine transplantable liver cancer, World J. Gastroenterol. 2003, 9, 2341-2343.
32. Tessitore, L., Davit, A., Sarotto, I. and Caderni, G., Resveratrol depresses the growth of colorectal aberrant crypt foci by affecting bax and p21(C. I. P.) expression, Carcinogenesis. 2000, 21, 1619-1622.
33. Bhat, K. P., Lantvit, D., Christov, K., Mehta, R. G., Moon, R. C. and Pezzuto, J. M., Estrogenic and antiestrogenic properties of resveratrol in mammary tumor models, Cancer Res. 2001, 61, 7456-7463.
34. Banerjee, S., Bueso-Ramos, C. and Aggarwal, B. B., Suppression of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats by resveratrol: Role of nuclear factor-kappaB, cyclooxygenase 2, and matrix metalloprotease 9, Cancer Res. 2002, 62, 4945-4954.
35. Sato, M., Pei, R. J., Yuri, T., Danbara, N., Nakane, Y. and Tsubura, A., Prepubertal resveratrol exposure accelerates N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinoma in female Sprague-Dawley rats, Cancer Lett. 2003, 202, 137-145.
36. Hecht, S. S., Kenney, P. M., Wang, M., Trushin, N., Agarwal, S., Rao, A. V. and Upadhyaya, P., Evaluation of butylated hydroxyanisol, myo-inositol, curcumin, esculetin, resveratrol and lycopene as inhibitors of benzo[a]pyrene plus 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice, Cancer Lett. 1999, 137, 123-130.
37. Revel, A., Raanani, H., Younglai, E., Xu, J., Rogers, I., Han, R., Savouret, J. F. and Casper, R. F., Resveratrol, a natural aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist, protects lung from D. N. A. damage and apoptosis caused by benzo[a]pyrene, J. Appl. Toxicol. 2003, 23, 255-261.
38. Li, Z. G., Hong, T., Shimada, Y., Komoto, I., Kawabe, A., Ding, Y., Kaganoi, J., Hashimoto, Y. and Imamura, M., Suppression of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)-induced esophageal tumorigenesis in F344 rats by resveratrol, Carcinogenesis. 2002, 23, 1531-1536.
39. Bove, K., Lincoln, D. W. and Tsan, M. F., Effect of resveratrol on growth of 4T1 breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2002, 291, 1001-1005.
40. Ziegler, C. C., Rainwater, L., Whelan, J. and McEntee, M. F., Dietary resveratrol does not affect intestinal tumorigenesis in Apc(Min/+) mice, J. Nutr. 2004, 134, 5-10.
41. Carbo, N., Costelli, P., Baccino, F. M., Lopez-Soriano, F. J. and Argiles, J. M., Resveratrol, a natural product present in wine, decreases tumour growth in a rat tumour model, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1999, 254, 739-743.
42. Kimura, Y. and Okuda, H., Resveratrol isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum root prevents tumor growth and metastasis to lung and tumor-induced neovascularization in Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice, J. Nutr. 2001, 131, 1844-1849.
43. Liu, H. S., Pan, C. E., Yang, W. and Liu, X. M., Antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of resveratrol on experimentally implanted tumor of H22 in Balb/c mice, World J. Gastroenterol. 2003, 9, 1474-1476.
44. Sinha, K., Chaudhary, G. and Gupta, Y. K., Protective effect of resveratrol against oxidative stress in middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke in rats, Life Sci. 2002, 71, 655-665.
45. Inoue, H., Jiang, X. F., Katayama, T., Osada, S., Umesono, K. and Namura, S., Brain protection by resveratrol and fenofibrate against stroke requires peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in mice, Neurosci .Lett. 2003, 352, 203-206.
46. Wang, Q., Xu, J., Rottinghaus, G. E., Simonyi, A., Lubahn, D., Sun, G. Y. and Sun, A. Y., Resveratrol protects against global cerebral ischemic injury in gerbils, Brain Res. 2002, 958, 439-447.
47. Gupta, Y. K., Chaudhary, G., Sinha, K. and Srivastava, A. K., Protective effect of resveratrol against intracortical FeCl3-induced model of posttraumatic seizures in rats, Methods Find Exp. Clin. Pharmacol. 2001, 23, 241-244.
48. Gupta, Y. K., Chaudhary, G. and Srivastava, A. K., Protective effect of resveratrol against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures and its modulation by an adenosinergic system, Pharmacology. 2002, 65, 170-174.
49. Gupta, Y. K., Briyal, S. and Chaudhary, G., Protective effect of trans-resveratrol against kainic acid-induced seizures and oxidative stress in rats, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2002, 71, 245-249.
50. Sharma, M. and Gupta, Y. K., Chronic treatment with trans resveratrol prevents intracerebroventricular streptozotocin induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in rats, Life Sci. 2002, 71, 2489-2498.
51. Martin, A. R., Villegas, I., La Casa, C. and de la Lastra, C. A., Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in grapes, suppresses oxidative damage and stimulates apoptosis during early colonic inflammation in rats, Biochem. Pharmacol. 2004, 67, 1399-1410.
52. Martin, A. R., Villegas, I., Sanchez-Hidalgo, M. and de la Lastra, C. A., The effects of resveratrol, a phytoalexin derived from red wines, on chronic inflammation induced in an experimentally induced colitis model, Br.J. Pharmacol. 2006, 147, 873-885.
53. Mahyar-Roemer, M., Katsen, A., Mestres, P. and Roemer, K., Resveratrol induces colon tumor cell apoptosis independently of p53 and precede by epithelial differentiation, mitochondrial proliferation and membrane potential collapse, Int. J. Cancer. 2001, 94, 6156-6122.
54. Wolter, F. and Stein, J., Resveratrol enhances the differentiation induced by butyrate in Caco-2 colon cancer cells, J. Nutr. 2002, 132, 2082-2086.
55. Wolter, F., Akoglu, B., Clausnitzer, A. and Stein, J., Downregulation of the cyclin D1/Cdk4 complex occurs during resveratrol-induced cell cycle arrest in colon cancer cell lines, J. Nutr. 2001, 131, 2197-2203.
56. Delmas, D., ReÌ•beÌ,• C., Lacour, S., Filomenko, R., Athias, A., Gambert, P., Cherkaoui-Malki, M., Jannin, B., Dubrez-Daloz, L., Latruffe, N. and Solary, E., Resveratrol-induced Apoptosis Is Associated with Fas Redistribution in the Rafts and the Formation of a Death-inducing Signaling Complex in Colon Cancer Cells, J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278, 41482-41490.
57. Liang, Y. C., Tsai, S. H., Chen, L., Lin-Shiau, S. Y. and Lin, J. K., Resveratrol-induced G2 arrest through the inhibition of CDK7 and p34CDC2 kinases in colon carcinoma HT29 cells, Biochem. Pharmacol. 2003, 65, 1053-1060.
58. Nam, K. A., Kim, S., Heo, Y. H. and Lee, S. K., Resveratrol Analog, 3,5,2',4'-Tetramethoxy-trans-stilbene, Potentiates the Inhibition of Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells, Arch. Pharmacal. Res. 2001, 24, 441-445.
59. Ito, T., Akao, Y., Tanaka, T., Iinuma, M., Nozawa, Y. and Vaticanol, C., A novel resveratrol tetramer, inhibits cell growth through induction of apoptosis in colon cancer cell lines, Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2002, 25, 147-148.
60. Wolter, F., Clausnitzer, A., Akoglu, B. and Stein, J., Piceatannol, a natural analog of resveratrol, inhibits progression through the s phase of the cell cycle in colorectal cancer cell lines, J. Nutr. 2002, 132, 298-302.
61. Sale, S., Verschoyle, R. D., Boocock, D., Jones, D. J., Wilsher, N., Ruparelia, K. C., Potter, G. A., Farmer, P. B., Steward, W. P. and Gescher, A. J., Pharmacokinetics in mice and growth-inhibitory properties of the putative cancer chemopreventive agent resveratrol and the synthetic analogue trans 3,4,5,4'-tetramethoxystilbene, Br. J. Cancer. 2004, 90, 736-744.
62. Schneider, Y., Duranton, B., Gosse, F., Schleiffer, R., Seiler, N. and Raul, F., Resveratrol inhibits intestinal tumorigenesis and modulates host-defense-related gene expression in an animal model of human familial adenomatous polyposis, Nutr. Cancer. 2001, 39, 102-107.
63. Howitz, K. T., Bitterman, K. J., Cohen, H. Y., Lamming, D. W., Lavu, S., Wood, J. G., Zipkin, R. E., Chung, P., Kisielewski, A., Zhang, L. L., Scherer, B. and Sinclair, D. A., Small molecule activators of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan, Nature. 2003, 425, 191-196.
64. Jarolim, S., Millen, J., Heeren, G., Laun, P., Goldfarb, D. S. and Breitenbach, M., A novel assay for replicative lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, F. E. M. S. Yeast Res. 2004, 5, 169-177.
65. Wood, J. G., Rogina, B., Lavu, S., Howitz, K., Helfand, S. L., Tatar, M. and Sinclair, D., Sirtuin activators mimic caloric restriction and delay ageing in metazoans, Nature. 2004, 430, 686-689.
66. Viswanathan, M., Kim, S. K., Berdichevsky, A. and Guarente, L., A role for SIR-2.1 regulation of E. R. stress response genes in determining C. elegans life span, Dev. Cell. 2005, 9, 605-615.
67. Valenzano, D. R., Terzibasi, E., Genade, T., Cattaneo, A., Domenici, L. and Cellerino, A., Resveratrol prolongs lifespan and retards the onset of age-related markers in a short-lived vertebrate, Curr. Biol. 2006, 16, 296-300.
68. Baur, J. A., Pearson, K. J., Price, N. L., Jamieson, H. A., Lerin, C., Kalra, A., Prabhu, V. V., Allard, J. S., Lopez-Lluch, G., Lewis, K., Pistell, P. J., Poosala, S., Becker, K. G., Boss ,O., Gwinn, D., Wang, M., Ramaswamy, S., Fishbein, K. W., Spencer, R. G., Lakatta, E. G., Le Couteur, D., Shaw, R. J., Navas, P., Puigserver, P., Ingram, D. K., de Cabo, R. and Sinclair, D. A., Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie diet, Nature. 2006, 444, 337-342.
69. Fulgenzi, A., Bertelli, A. A., Magni, E., Ferrero, E. and Ferrero, M. E., In vivo inhibition of TNFalpha-induced vascular permeability by resveratrol, Transplant. Proc. 2001, 33, 2341-2343.
70. Korolkiewicz, R. P., Ujda, M., Dabkowski, J., Ruczynski, J., Rekowski, P. and Petrusewicz. J., Differential salutary effects of nonselective and selective COX-2 inhibitors in postoperative ileus in rats, J. Surg. Res. 2003, 109, 161-169.
71. Korolkiewicz, R. P., Sein-Anand, J., Ruczynski, J., Rekowski, P., Bieniaszewski, L., Chodorowski, Z., Petrusewicz, J., Ujda, M., Dabkowski, J., Bitel, M., Kato, S. and Takeuchi, K., The role and interactions of nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and prostanoids in the pathogenesis of postoperative ileus in rats, J. Gastrointest. Surg. 2004, 8, 346-357.
72. Cadenas, S. and Barja, G., Resveratrol, melatonin, vitamin E, and P. B. N. protect against renal oxidative D. N. A. damage induced by the kidney carcinogen KBrO3, Free Radic Biol Med. 1999, 26, 1531-1537.
73. Giovannini, L., Migliori, M., Longoni, B. M., Das, D. K., Bertelli, A. A., Panichi, V., Filippi, C. and Bertelli, A., Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in wine, reduces ischemia reperfusion injury in rat kidneys, J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2001, 37, 262-270.
74. McClintock, S. D., Till, G. O., Smith, M. G. and Ward, P. A., Protection from half-mustard-gas-induced acute lung injury in the rat, J. Appl. Toxicol. 2002, 22, 257-262.
75. Yang, Y. and Piao, Y., Effects of resveratrol on Ca2+, Mg(2+)-ATPase activities after spinal cord trauma in rats, Zhong Yao Cai. 2002, 25, 882-885.
76. Yang, Y. B. and Piao, Y. J., Effects of resveratrol on secondary damages after acute spinal cord injury in rats, Acta. Pharmacol. Sin. 2003, 24, 703-710.
77. Gentilli, M., Mazoit, J. X., Bouaziz, H., Fletcher, D., Casper, R. F., Benhamou, D. and Savouret, J. F., Resveratrol decreases hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan in the rat hind paw, Life Sci. 2001, 68, 1317-1321.
78. Granados-Soto, V., Arguelles, C. F. and Ortiz, M. I., The peripheral antinociceptive effect of resveratrol is associated with activation of potassium channels, Neuropharmacology. 2002, 43, 917-923.
79. Torres-Lopez, J. E., Ortiz, M. I., Castaneda-Hernandez, G., Alonso-Lopez, R., Asomoza-Espinosa. R. and Granados-Soto, V., Comparison of the antinociceptive effect of celecoxib, diclofenac and resveratrol in the formalin test, Life Sci. 2002, 70, 1669-1676.
80. Seidman, M., Babu, S., Tang, W., Naem, E. and Quirk, W. S., Effects of resveratrol on acoustic trauma, Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003, 129, 463-470.
81. Lugarini, F., Hrupka, B. J., Schwartz. G. J., Plata-Salaman, C. R. and Langhans, W., A role for cyclooxygenase-2 in lipopolysaccharide-induced anorexia in rats, Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2002, 283, R862-868.
82. Das, S. and Ng, K. Y., Quantification of trans-resveratrol in rat plasma by a simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography method and its application in pre-clinical study, J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 2011, 34, 1399-1414.
83. Kuhnle, G., Spencer, J. P., Chowrimootoo, G., Schroeter, H., Debnam, E. S., Srai, S. K., Rice-Evans, C. and Hahn, U., Resveratrol is absorbed in the small intestine as resveratrol glucuronide, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2000, 272, 212-217.
84. Andlauer, W., Kolb, J., Siebert, K. and Furst, P., Assessment of resveratrol bioavailability in the perfused small intestine of the rat, Drugs Exp. Clin. Res. 2000, 26, 47-55.
85. de Santi, C., Pietrabissa, A., Mosca, F. and Pacifici, G. M., Glucuronidation of resveratrol, a natural product present in grape and wine, in the human liver, Xenobiotica. 2000, 30, 1047-1054.
86. De Santi, C., Pietrabissa, A., Spisni, R., Mosca, F. and Pacifici, G. M., Sulphation of resveratrol, a natural product present in grapes and wine, in the human liver and duodenum, Xenobiotica. 2000, 30, 609-617.
87. Yu, C., Shin, Y. G., Chow, A., Li, Y., Kosmeder, J. W., Lee, Y. S, Hirschelman, W. H., Pezzuto, J. M., Mehta, R. G. and van Breemen, R. B., Human, rat, and mouse metabolism of resveratrol, Pharm. Res. 2002, 19, 1907-1914.
88. Kaldas, M. I., Walle, U. K. and Walle, T., Resveratrol transport and metabolism by human intestinal Caco-2 cells, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2003, 55, 307-312.
89. Potter, G. A., Patterson, L. H., Wanogho, E., Perry, P. J., Butler, P. C., Ijaz, T., Ruparelia, K. C., Lamb, J. H., Farmer, P. B., Stanley, L. A. and Burke, M. D., The cancer preventative agent resveratrol is converted to the anticancer agent piceatannol by the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP1B1, Br. J. Cancer 2002, 86, 774-778.
90. Bertelli, A. A., Giovannini, L., Stradi, R., Urien, S., Tillement, J. P. and Bertelli, A., Evaluation of kinetic parameters of natural phytoalexin in resveratrol orally administered in wine to rats, Drugs Exp. Clin. Res. 1998, 24, 51-55.
91. Azorin-Ortuno, M., Yanez-Gascon, M. J., Pallares, F. J., Vallejo, F., Larrosa, M., Garcia-Conesa, M. T., Tomas-Barberan, F. and Espin, J. C., Pharmacokinetic Study of trans-Resveratrol in Adult Pigs, J. Agric. Food Chem. 2010, 58, 11165-11171.
92. Kapetanovic, I. M., Muzzio, M., Huang, Z., Thompson, T. N. and McCormick, D. L., Pharmacokinetics, oral bioavailability, and metabolic profile of resveratrol and its dimethylether analog, pterostilbene, in rats, Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 2011, 68, 593-601.
93. Das, S., Lin, H. S., Ho, P. C. and Ng, K. Y., The impact of aqueous solubility and dose on the pharmacokinetic profiles of resveratrol, Pharm. Res. 2008, 25, 2593-2600.
94. Colom, H., Alfaras, I., Maijo, M., Juan, M. E. and Planas, J. M., Population pharmacokinetic modeling of trans-resveratrol and its glucuronide and sulfate conjugates after oral and intravenous administration in rats, Pharm. Res. 2011, 28, 1606-1621.
95. Crowell, J. A., Korytko, P. J., Morrissey, R. L., Booth, T. D. and Levine, B. S., Resveratrol-associated renal toxicity, Toxicol. Sci. 2004, 82, 614-619.
96. Juan, M. E., Vinardell, M. P. and Planas, J. M., The daily oral administration of high doses of trans-resveratrol to rats for 28 days is not harmful, J. Nutr. 2002, 132, 257-260.
97. Goldberg, D. M., Yan, J. and Soleas, G. J., Absorption of three wine-related polyphenols in three different matrices by healthy subjects, Clin. Biochem. 2003, 36, 79-87.
98. Walle, T., Hsieh, F., DeLegge, M. H., Oatis, J. E., Jr. and Walle, U. K., High absorption but very low bioavailability of oral resveratrol in humans, Drug Metab. Dispos. 2004, 32, 1377-1382.
99. Boocock, D. J., Faust, G. E., Patel, K. R., Schinas, A. M., Brown, V. A., Ducharme, M. P., Booth, T. D., Crowell, J. A., Perloff, M., Gescher, A. J., Steward, W. P. and Brenner, D. E., Phase I dose escalation pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers of resveratrol, a potential cancer chemopreventive agent, Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2007, 16, 1246-1252.
100. Almeida, L., Vaz-da-Silva, M., Falcao, A., Soares, E., Costa, R., Loureiro, A. I., Fernandes-Lopes, C., Rocha, J. F., Nunes, T., Wright, L. and Soares-da-Silva, P., Pharmacokinetic and safety profile of trans-resveratrol in a rising multiple-dose study in healthy volunteers, Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2009, 53, S7-15.
101. Brown, V. A., Patel, K. R., Viskaduraki, M., Crowell, J. A., Perloff, M., Booth, T. D., Vasilinin, G., Sen, A., Schinas, A. M., Piccirilli, G., Brown, K., Steward, W. P., Gescher, A. J. and Brenner, D. E., Repeat dose study of the cancer chemopreventive agent resveratrol in healthy volunteers: safety, pharmacokinetics, and effect on the insulin-like growth factor axis, Cancer Res. 2010, 70, 9003-9011.
102. Gescher, A. J. and Steward, W. P., Relationship between mechanisms, bioavailibility, and preclinical chemopreventive efficacy of resveratrol: a conundrum, Cancer Epidemio.l Biomarkers Prev. 2003, 12, 953-957.
103. Pervaiz, S., Resveratrol: from grapevines to mammalian biology, FASEB J. 2003, 17, 1975-1985.
104. Asensi, M., Medina, I., Ortega, A., Carretero, J., Bano, M. C., Obrador, E. and Estrela, J. M., Inhibition of cancer growth by resveratrol is related to its low bioavailability, Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2002, 33, 387-398.
105. Marier, J. F., Vachon, P., Gritsas, A., Zhang, J., Moreau, J. P. and Ducharme, M. P., Metabolism and disposition of resveratrol in rats: extent of absorption, glucuronidation, and enterohepatic recirculation evidenced by a linked-rat model, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2002, 302, 369-373.
106. Bertacche, V., Lorenzi, N., Nava, D., Pini, E. and Sinico, C., Host-guest interaction study of resveratrol with natural and modified cyclodextrins, J. Inclusion. Phenom. Macrocyclic. Chem. 2006, 55, 279-287.
107. Das, S. and Ng, K. Y., Physicochemical characterization, molecular modeling, and stability of the resveratrol-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, Lat. Am. J. Pharm. 2011, 30, 874-881.
108. Berta, G. N., Salamone, P., Sprio, A. E., Di Scipio, F., Marinos, L. M., Sapino, S., Carlotti, M. E., Cavalli, R. and Di Carlo, F., Chemoprevention of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral carcinogenesis in hamster cheek pouch by topical application of resveratrol complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, Oral Oncol. 2010, 46, 42-48.
109. Ansari, K. A., Vavia, P. R., Trotta, F. and Cavalli, R., Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges for delivery of resveratrol: in vitro characterisation, stability, cytotoxicity and permeation study, A. A. P. S. PharmSciTech. 2011, 12, 279-286.
110. Hung, C. F., Lin, Y. K., Huang, Z. R. and Fang, J. Y., Delivery of resveratrol, a red wine polyphenol, from solutions and hydrogels via the skin, Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2008, 31, 955-962.
111. Fabbrocini, G., Staibano, S., De Rosa, G., Battimiello, V., Fardella, N., Ilardi, G., La Rotonda, M. I., Longobardi, A., Mazzella, M., Siano, M., Pastore, F., De Vita, V., Vecchione, M. L. and Ayala, F., Resveratrol-containing gel for the treatment of acne vulgaris: a ingle-blind, vehicle-controlled, pilot study, Am. J. Clin. Dermatol. 2011, 12, 133-141.
112. Zhang, G., Flach, C. R. and Mendelsohn, R., Tracking the dephosphorylation of resveratrol triphosphate in skin by confocal Raman microscopy, J. Control. Release. 2007, 123, 141-147.
113. Fang, J. Y., Hung, C. F., Liao, M. H. and Chien, C. C., A study of the formulation design of acoustically active lipospheres as carriers for drug delivery, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2007, 67, 67-75.
114. Hung, C. F., Fang, C. L., Liao, M. H. and Fang, J. Y., The effect of oil components on the physicochemical properties and drug delivery of emulsions: Ttocol emulsion versus lipid emulsion, Int. J. Pharm. 2007, 335, 193-202.
115. Fratter, A. and Semenzato, A., New association of surfactants for the production of food and cosmetic nanoemulsions: preliminary development and characterization, Int. J. Cosmetic. Sci. 2011, 33, 443-449.
116. Kristl, J., Teskac, K., Caddeo, C., Abramovic, Z. and Sentjurc, M., Improvements of cellular stress response on resveratrol in liposomes, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2009, 73, 253-259.
117. Narayanan, N. K., Nargi, D., Randolph, C. and Narayanan, B. A., Liposome encapsulation of curcumin and resveratrol in combination reduces prostate cancer incidence in P. T. E. N. knockout mice, Int. J. Cancer 2009, 125, 1-8.
118. Hung, C. F., Chen, J. K., Liao, M. H., Lo, H. M. and Fang, J. Y., Development and evaluation of emulsion-liposome blends for resveratrol delivery, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2006, 6, 2950-2958.
119. Shi, G., Rao, L., Yu, H., Xiang, H., Yang, H. and Ji, R., Stabilization and encapsulation of photosensitive resveratrol within yeast cell, Int. J. Pharm. 2008, 349, 83-93.
120. Atanackovic, M., Posa, M., Heinle, H., Gojkovic-Bukarica, L. and Cvejic, J., Solubilization of resveratrol in micellar solutions of different bile acids, Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces. 2009, 72, 148-154.
121. Chaudhury, A. and Das, S., Recent advancement of chitosan-based nanoparticles for oral controlled delivery of insulin and other therapeutic agents, A. A. P. S. PharmSciTech. 2011, 12, 10-20.
122. Yao, Q., Hou, S. X., He, W. L., Feng, J. L., Wang, X. C., Fei, H. X. and Chen, Z. H., Study on the preparation of resveratrol chitosan nanoparticles with free amino groups on the surface, Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi. 2006, 31, 205-208.
123. Shao, J., Li, X., Lu, X., Jiang, C., Hu, Y., Li, Q., You, Y. and Fu, Z., Enhanced growth inhibition effect of resveratrol incorporated into biodegradable nanoparticles against glioma cells is mediated by the induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, Colloids. Surf. B Biointerfaces. 2009, 72, 40-47.
124. Teskac, K. and Kristl, J., The evidence for solid lipid nanoparticles mediated cell uptake of resveratrol, Int. J. Pharm 2010, 390, 61-69.
125. Das, S. and Chaudhury, A., Recent Advances in Lipid Nanoparticle Formulations with Solid Matrix for Oral Drug Delivery, A. A. P. S. PharmSciTech. 2011, 12, 62-76.
126. Huang, Z. M., He, C. L., Yang, A., Zhang, Y., Han, X. J., Yin, J. and Wu, Q., Encapsulating drugs in biodegradable ultrafine fibers through co-axial electrospinning, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 2006, 77, 169-179.
127. Shindler, K. S., Ventura, E., Rex, T. S., Elliott, P. and Rostami, A., SIRT1 activation confers neuroprotection in experimental optic neuritis, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2007, 48, 3602-3609.
128. Shindler, K. S., Ventura, E., Dutt, M., Elliott, P., Fitzgerald, D. C. and Rostami, A., Oral resveratrol reduces neuronal damage in a model of multiple sclerosis, J. Neuroophthalmol. 2010, 30, 328-339.
129. Das, S. and Ng, K. Y., Resveratrol-loaded calcium-pectinate beads: Effects of formulation parameters on drug release and bead characteristics, J. Pharm. Sci. 2010, 99, 840-860.
130. Das, S., Ng, K. Y. and Ho, P. C., Formulation and optimization of zinc-pectinate beads for the controlled delivery of resveratrol, A. A. P. S. PharmSciTech. 2010, 11, 729-742.
131. Das, S. and Ng, K. Y., Colon-specific delivery of resveratrol: Optimization of multi-particulate calcium-pectinate carrier, Int. J. Pharm. 2010, 385, 20-28.
132. Das, S., Chaudhury, A. and Ng, K. Y., Preparation and evaluation of zinc-pectin-chitosan composite particles for drug delivery to the colon: Role of chitosan in modifying in vitro and in vivo drug release, Int. J. Pharm. 2011, 406, 11-20.
133. Das, S., Ng, K. Y. and Ho, P. C., Design of a pectin-based microparticle formulation using zinc ions as the cross-linking agent and glutaraldehyde as the hardening agent for colonic-specific delivery of resveratrol: In vitro and in vivo evaluations, J. Drug Targeting. 2011, 19, 446-457.
134. Das, S., Chaudhury, A. and Ng, K. Y., Polyethyleneimine-modified pectin beads for colon-specific drug delivery: In vitro and in vivo implications. J. Microencapsulation. 2011, 28, 268-279.
135. Das, S. and Ng, K. Y., Impact of glutaraldehyde on in vivo colon-specific release of resveratrol from biodegradable pectin-based formulation, J. Pharm. Sci. 2010, 99, 4903-4916.