High frequency electric field induced nonlinear effects in graphene

Physics Reports

Volumn 535, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 101-138

  Glazov, M M ^a   Ganichev, S D ^b  

^a IOFFE INSTITUTE   (Russian Federation)

^b UNIVERSITY OF REGENSBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Graphene; Nonlinear high frequency transport; Nonlinear optics; Photocurrents; Ratchets

Indexed keywords

EID: 84893371158     PISSN: 03701573     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2013.10.003     Document Type: Review

References (180)

1. Novoselov K.S., Geim A.K., Morozov S.V., Jiang D., Zhang Y., Dubonos S.V., Grigorieva I.V., Firsov A.A. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 2004, 306:666.
2. Novoselov K.S., Geim A.K., Morozov S.V., Jiang D., Katsnelson M.I., Grigorieva I.V., Dubonos S.V., Firsov A.A. Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene. Nature 2005, 438:197.
3. Zhang Y., Tan Y.-W., Stormer H.L., Kim P. Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry's phase in graphene. Nature 2005, 438:201.
4. Geim A.K., Novoselov K.S. The rise of graphene. Nature Mater. 2007, 6:183.
5. Castro Neto A.H., Guinea F., Peres N.M.R., Novoselov K.S., Geim A.K. The electronic properties of graphene. Rev. Modern Phys. 2009, 81:109.
6. Wallace P.R. The band theory of graphite. Phys. Rev. 1947, 71:622.
7. McClure J.W. Diamagnetism of graphite. Phys. Rev. 1956, 104:666.
8. Slonczewski J.C., Weiss P.R. Band structure of graphite. Phys. Rev. 1958, 109:272.
9. Novoselov K.S., Jiang Z., Zhang Y., Morozov S.V., Stormer H.L., Zeitler U., Maan J.C., Boebinger G.S., Kim P., Geim A.K. Room-temperature quantum Hall effect in graphene. Science 2007, 315:1379.
10. McCann E., Kechedzhi K., Fal'ko V.I., Suzuura H., Ando T., Altshuler B.L. Weak-localization magnetoresistance and valley symmetry in graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 97:146805.
11. Tikhonenko F.V., Horsell D.W., Gorbachev R.V., Savchenko A.K. Weak localization in graphene flakes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 100:056802.
12. Katsnelson M.I. Zitterbewegung, chirality, and minimal conductivity in graphene. Eur. Phys. J. B 2006, 51:157.
13. Nomura K., MacDonald A.H. Quantum transport of massless Dirac fermions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 98:076602.
14. Tan Y.-W., Zhang Y., Bolotin K., Zhao Y., Adam S., Hwang E.H., Das Sarma S., Stormer H.L., Kim P. Measurement of scattering rate and minimum conductivity in graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 99:246803.
15. Stander N., Huard B., Goldhaber-Gordon D. Evidence for Klein tunneling in graphene p-n junctions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 102:026807.
16. Young A.F., Kim P. Quantum interference and carrier collimation in graphene heterojunctions. Nat. Phys. 2009, 5:222.
17. E. McCann, M. Koshino, The electronic properties of bilayer graphene (review), 2012. Arxiv e-prints: arxiv:1205.6953.
18. Semenoff G.W. Condensed-matter simulation of a three-dimensional anomaly. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1984, 53:2449.
19. Haldane F.D.M. Model for a quantum Hall effect without Landau levels: condensed-matter realization of the parity anomaly. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1988, 61:2015.
20. Morozov S.V., Novoselov K.S., Geim A.K. Electronic transport in graphene. Phys.-Usp. 2008, 51:744.
21. Lozovik Y.E., Merkulova S.P., Sokolik A.A. Collective electron phenomena in graphene. Phys.-Usp. 2008, 51:727.
22. Rycerz A., Tworzydlo J., Beenakker C.W.J. Valley filter and valley valve in graphene. Nat. Phys. 2007, 3:172.
23. Falkovsky L.A. Optical properties of graphene and IV-VI semiconductors. Phys.-Usp. 2008, 51:887.
24. Peres N.M.R. Colloquium: the transport properties of graphene: an introduction. Rev. Modern Phys. 2010, 82:2673.
25. Das Sarma S., Adam S., Hwang E.H., Rossi E. Electronic transport in two-dimensional graphene. Rev. Modern Phys. 2011, 83:407.
26. Bonaccorso F., Sun Z., Hasan T., Ferrari A.C. Graphene photonics and optoelectronics. Nature Photonics 2010, 4:611.
27. N. Blombergen, Nonlinear Optics, Benjamin, New York, 1965.
28. Boyd R.W. Nonlinear Optics 1993, Academic Press, San Diego.
29. Yariv A., Yeh P. Optical Waves in Crystals: Propagation and Control of Laser Radiation 2003, J. Wiley & Sons, New York.
30. Wegener M. Extreme Nonlinear Optics: An Introduction 2005, Springer, Berlin.
31. Shen Y.R. The Principles of Nonlinear Optics 2003, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
32. Sturman B., Fridkin V. The Photovoltaic and Photorefractive Effects in Non-Centrosymmetric Materials 1992, Gordon & Breach, Philadelphia.
33. Ganichev S., Prettl W. Intense Terahertz Excitation of Semiconductors 2006, Oxford University Press.
34. Ivchenko E.L., Pikus G.E. Superlattices and Other Heterostructures 1997, Springer.
35. Ivchenko E.L. Optical Spectroscopy of Semiconductor Nanostructures 2005, Alpha Science, Harrow, UK.
36. Ivchenko E.L., Spivak B. Chirality effects in carbon nanotubes. Phys. Rev. B 2002, 66:155404.
37. Obraztsov A.N., Lyashenko D.A., Fang S., Baughman R.H., Obraztsov P.A., Garnov S.V., Svirko Y.P. Photon drag effect in carbon nanotube yarns. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 94:231112.
38. Margulis V., Sizikova T. Theoretical study of third-order nonlinear optical response of semiconductor carbon nanotubes. Physica B 1998, 245:173.
39. Slepyan G.Y., Maksimenko S.A., Kalosha V.P., Gusakov A.V., Herrmann J. High-order harmonic generation by conduction electrons in carbon nanotube ropes. Phys. Rev. A 2001, 63:053808.
40. Mele E.J., Král P., Tománek D. Coherent control of photocurrents in graphene and carbon nanotubes. Phys. Rev. B 2000, 61:7669.
41. Král P., Mele E.J., Tománek D. Photogalvanic effects in heteropolar nanotubes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2000, 85:1512.
42. Mikheev G.M., Zonov R.G., Obraztsov A.N., Svirko Y.P. Giant optical rectification effect in nanocarbon films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 84:4854.
43. Mikheev G.M., Nasibulin A.G., Zonov R.G., Kaskela A., Kauppinen E.I. Photon-drag effect in single-walled carbon nanotube films. Nano Lett. 2012, 12:77.
44. Advanced Topics in the Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications 2008, Springer. A. Jorio, G. Dresselhaus, M.S. Dresselhaus (Eds.).
45. Liu Z., Zhang X., Yan X., Chen Y., Tian J. Nonlinear optical properties of graphene-based materials. Chin. Sci. Bull. 2012, 57:2971.
46. Jun Wang, Yu Chen, Rihong Li, Hongxing Dong, Long Zhang, Mustafa Lotya, Coleman Jonathan N., Blau Werner J. Nonlinear optical properties of graphene and carbon nanotube composites. Carbon Nanotubes - Synthesis, Characterization, Applications 2011, S. Yellampalli (Ed.).
47. Mikhailov S.A. Nonlinear electromagnetic response of graphene. EPL 2007, 79:27002.
48. Dragoman M., Neculoiu D., Deligeorgis G., Konstantinidis G., Dragoman D., Cismaru A., Muller A.A., Plana R. Millimeter-wave generation via frequency multiplication in graphene. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010, 97:093101.
49. Dean J.J., van Driel H.M. Second harmonic generation from graphene and graphitic films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 95:261910.
50. Dean J.J., van Driel H.M. Graphene and few-layer graphite probed by second-harmonic generation: theory and experiment. Phys. Rev. B 2010, 82:125411.
51. Bykov A.Y., Murzina T.V., Rybin M.G., Obraztsova E.D. Second harmonic generation in multilayer graphene induced by direct electric current. Phys. Rev. B 2012, 85:121413.
52. Hotopan G., Ver Hoeye S., Vazquez C., Camblor R., Fernández M., Las Heras F., Álvarez P., Menéndez R. Millimeter wave microstrip mixer based on graphene. Prog. Electromagn. Res. 2011, 118:57.
53. S.-Y. Hong, J.I. Dadap, N. Petrone, P.-C. Yeh, J. Hone, R.M. Osgood Jr., Optical third-harmonic generation in graphene, 2013. ArXiv e-prints: arxiv:1301.1697.
54. N. Kumar, J. Kumar, C. Gerstenkorn, R. Wang, H.-Y. Chiu, A.L. Smirl, H. Zhao, Third harmonic generation in graphene and few-layer graphite films, 2013. ArXiv e-prints: arxiv:1301.1042.
55. Hendry E., Hale P.J., Moger J.J., Savchenko A.K., Mikhailov S.A. Coherent nonlinear optical response of graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2010, 105:097401.
56. Rangel N.L., Gimenez A., Sinitskii A., Seminario J.M. Graphene signal mixer for sensing applications. J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115:12128.
57. Gu T., Petrone N., McMillan J.F., van der Zande A., Yu M., Lo G.Q., Kwong D.L., Hone J., Wong C.W. Regenerative oscillation and four-wave mixing in graphene optoelectronics. Nature Photonics 2012, 6:554.
58. Karch J., Olbrich P., Schmalzbauer M., Zoth C., Brinsteiner C., Fehrenbacher M., Wurstbauer U., Glazov M.M., Tarasenko S.A., Ivchenko E.L., Weiss D., Eroms J., Yakimova R., Lara-Avila S., Kubatkin S., Ganichev S.D. Dynamic Hall effect driven by circularly polarized light in a graphene layer. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2010, 105:227402.
59. J. Karch, P. Olbrich, M. Schmalzbauer, C. Brinsteiner, U. Wurstbauer, M.M. Glazov, S.A. Tarasenko, E.L. Ivchenko, D. Weiss, J. Eroms, S.D. Ganichev, Photon helicity driven electric currents in graphene, 2010. ArXiv e-prints: arxiv:1002.1047.
60. Entin M.V., Magarill L.I., Shepelyansky D.L. Theory of resonant photon drag in monolayer graphene. Phys. Rev. B 2010, 81:165441.
61. Karch J., Drexler C., Olbrich P., Fehrenbacher M., Hirmer M., Glazov M.M., Tarasenko S.A., Ivchenko E.L., Birkner B., Eroms J., Weiss D., Yakimova R., Lara-Avila S., Kubatkin S., Ostler M., Seyller T., Ganichev S.D. Terahertz radiation driven chiral edge currents in graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2011, 107:276601.
62. Jiang C., Shalygin V.A., Panevin V.Y., Danilov S.N., Glazov M.M., Yakimova R., Lara-Avila S., Kubatkin S., Ganichev S.D. Helicity-dependent photocurrents in graphene layers excited by midinfrared radiation of a CO2 laser. Phys. Rev. B 2011, 84:125429.
63. Sun D., Divin C., Rioux J., Sipe J.E., Berger C., de Heer W.A., First P.N., Norris T.B. Coherent control of ballistic photocurrents in multilayer epitaxial graphene using quantum interference. Nano Lett. 2010, 10:1293.
64. Sun D., Rioux J., Sipe J.E., Zou Y., Mihnev M.T., Berger C., de Heer W.A., First P.N., Norris T.B. Evidence for interlayer electronic coupling in multilayer epitaxial graphene from polarization-dependent coherently controlled photocurrent generation. Phys. Rev. B 2012, 85:165427.
65. Sun D., Divin C., Mihnev M., Winzer T., Malic E., Knorr A., Sipe J.E., Berger C., de Heer W.A., First P.N., Norris T.B. Current relaxation due to hot carrier scattering in graphene. New J. Phys. 2012, 14:105012.
66. Prechtel L., Song L., Schuh D., Ajayan P., Wegscheider W., Holleitner A.W. Time-resolved ultrafast photocurrents and terahertz generation in freely suspended graphene. Nature Commun. 2012, 3:01.
67. Graham M.W., Shi S.-F., Ralph D.C., Park J., McEuen P.L. Photocurrent measurements of supercollision cooling in graphene. Nat. Phys. 2013, 9:103.
68. Mai S., Syzranov S.V., Efetov K.B. Photocurrent in a visible-light graphene photodiode. Phys. Rev. B 2011, 83:033402.
69. Xia F., Mueller T., Golizadeh-Mojarad R., Freitag M., Lin Y.-m., Tsang J., Perebeinos V., Avouris P. Photocurrent imaging and efficient photon detection in a graphene transistor. Nano Lett. 2009, 9:1039.
70. Syzranov S.V., Fistul M.V., Efetov K.B. Effect of radiation on transport in graphene. Phys. Rev. B 2008, 78:045407.
71. Wu R., Zhang Y., Yan S., Bian F., Wang W., Bai X., Lu X., Zhao J., Wang E. Purely coherent nonlinear optical response in solution dispersions of graphene sheets. Nano Lett. 2011, 11:5159.
72. Chu S., Wang S., Gong Q. Ultrafast third-order nonlinear optical properties of graphene in aqueous solution and polyvinyl alcohol film. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2012, 523:104.
73. Xiao-Qing Yan, Zhi-Bo Liu, Jun Yao, Xin Zhao, Xu-Dong Chen, Fei Xing, Yongsheng Chen, Jian-Guo Tian, Experimental observation of polarization-dependent ultrafast carrier dynamics in multi-layer graphene, 2013. Arxiv e-prints: arxiv:1301.1743.
74. Mikhailov S.A. Theory of the giant plasmon-enhanced second-harmonic generation in graphene and semiconductor two-dimensional electron systems. Phys. Rev. B 2011, 84:045432.
75. Echtermeyer T.J., Britnell L., Jasnos P.K., Lombardo A., Gorbachev R.V., Grigorenko A.N., Geim A.K., Ferrari A.C., Novoselov K.S. Strong plasmonic enhancement of photovoltage in graphene. Nature Commun. 2011, 2:458.
76. Grigorenko A.N., Polini M., Novoselov K.S. Graphene plasmonics. Nature Photonics 2012, 6:749.
77. López-Rodríguez F.J., Naumis G.G. Analytic solution for electrons and holes in graphene under electromagnetic waves: gap appearance and nonlinear effects. Phys. Rev. B 2008, 78:201406(R).
78. Bassani F., Pastori-Parravicini G. Electronic States and Optical Transitions in Solids 1975, Pergamon Press, Oxford, New York.
79. Zunger A. Self-consistent LCAO calculation of the electronic properties of graphite. I. The regular graphite lattice. Phys. Rev. B 1978, 17:626.
80. Saleh B.E.A., Teich M.C. Fundamentals of Photonics 2003, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
81. Born M., Wolf E. Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light 1999, Cambridge University Press.
82. Ganichev S.D., Ivchenko E.L., Prettl W. Photogalvanic effects in quantum wells. Physica E 2002, 14:166.
83. Ganichev S.D., Prettl W. Spin photocurrents in quantum wells. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2003, 15:R935.
84. Ivchenko E., Ganichev S. Spin Physics in Semiconductors 2008, Springer. M. Dyakonov (Ed.).
85. Yaroshetskii I.D., Ryvkin S.M. Semiconductor Physics 1986, Cons. Bureau, New York.
86. Gibson A.F., Kimmitt M.F. Infrared and Millimeter Waves, Vol. 3, Detection of Radiation 1980, 181-217. Academic Press, New York.
87. Barlow H.M. Application of the Hall effect in a semi-conductor to the measurement of power in an electromagnetic field. Nature 1954, 173:41.
88. Ivchenko E.L., Pikus G.E. Semiconductor Physics 1986, Cons. Bureau, New York.
89. Belinicher V.I. On the mechanisms underlying the circular drag effect. Sov. Phys.-Solid State 1981, 23:2012.
90. Shalygin V., Diehl H., Hoffmann C., Danilov S., Herrle T., Tarasenko S., Schuh D., Gerl C., Wegscheider W., Prettl W., Ganichev S. Spin photocurrents and the circular photon drag effect in (110)-grown quantum well structures. JETP Lett. 2007, 84:570.
91. Hatano T., Ishihara T., Tikhodeev S.G., Gippius N.A. Transverse photovoltage induced by circularly polarized light. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 103:103906.
92. Weber W., Golub L.E., Danilov S.N., Karch J., Reitmaier C., Wittmann B., Bel'kov V.V., Ivchenko E.L., Kvon Z.D., Vinh N.Q., van der Meer A.F.G., Murdin B., Ganichev S.D. Quantum ratchet effects induced by terahertz radiation in GaN-based two-dimensional structures. Phys. Rev. B 2008, 77:245304.
93. Kiselev Y.Y., Golub L.E. Optical and photogalvanic properties of graphene superlattices formed by periodic strain. Phys. Rev. B 2011, 84:235440.
94. Nalitov A.V., Golub L.E., Ivchenko E.L. Ratchet effects in two-dimensional systems with a lateral periodic potential. Phys. Rev. B 2012, 86:115301.
95. Ohta T., Bostwick A., Seyller T., Horn K., Rotenberg E. Controlling the electronic structure of bilayer graphene. Science 2006, 313:951.
96. Castro E.V., Novoselov K.S., Morozov S.V., Peres N.M.R., dos Santos J.M.B.L., Nilsson J., Guinea F., Geim A.K., Neto A.H.C. Biased bilayer graphene: semiconductor with a gap tunable by the electric field effect. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 99:216802.
97. Wang F., Zhang Y., Tian C., Girit C., Zettl A., Crommie M., Shen Y.R. Gate-variable optical transitions in graphene. Science 2008, 320:206.
98. Mayorov A.S., Elias D.C., Mucha-Kruczynski M., Gorbachev R.V., Tudorovskiy T., Zhukov A., Morozov S.V., Katsnelson M.I., Fal'ko V.I., Geim A.K., Novoselov K.S. Interaction-driven spectrum reconstruction in bilayer graphene. Science 2011, 333:860.
99. Bao W., Jing L., Velasco J., Lee Y., Liu G., Tran D., Standley B., Aykol M., Cronin S.B., Smirnov D., Koshino M., McCann E., Bockrath M., Lau C.N. Stacking-dependent band gap and quantum transport in trilayer graphene. Nat. Phys. 2011, 7:948.
100. Zhang L., Zhang Y., Camacho J., Khodas M., Zaliznyak I. The experimental observation of quantum Hall effect of l=3 chiral quasiparticles in trilayer graphene. Nat. Phys. 2011, 7:953.
101. Lui C.H., Li Z., Mak K.F., Cappelluti E., Heinz T.F. Observation of an electrically tunable band gap in trilayer graphene. Nat. Phys. 2011, 7:944.
102. Mañes J.L., Guinea F., Vozmediano M.A.H. Existence and topological stability of Fermi points in multilayered graphene. Phys. Rev. B 2007, 75:155424.
103. Malard L.M., Guimarães M.H.D., Mafra D.L., Mazzoni M.S.C., Jorio A. Group-theory analysis of electrons and phonons in N-layer graphene systems. Phys. Rev. B 2009, 79:125426.
104. Golub L.E., Tarasenko S.A., Entin M.V., Magarill L.I. Valley separation in graphene by polarized light. Phys. Rev. B 2011, 84:195408.
105. Hartmann R.R., Portnoi M.E. Optoelectronic Properties of Carbon-based Nanostructures: Steering Electrons in Graphene by Electromagnetic Fields 2011, LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, Saarbrucken.
106. Glazov M. Second harmonic generation in graphene. JETP Lett. 2011, 93:366.
107. Bass M., Franken P.A., Ward J.F. Optical rectification. Phys. Rev. 1965, 138:A534.
108. CÔté D., Laman N., van Driel H.M. Rectification and shift currents in GaAs. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 80:905.
109. Gurevich L.E., Rumyantsev A.A. Theory of the photoelectric effect in finite crystals at high frequencies and in the presence of an external magnetic field. Sov. Phys.-Solid State 1967, 9:55.
110. Perel' V.I., Pinskii Ya.M. Constant current in conducting media due to a high-frequency electron electromagnetic field. Sov. Phys.-Solid State 1973, 15:688.
111. Tom H.W.K., Heinz T.F., Shen Y.R. Second-harmonic reflection from silicon surfaces and its relation to structural symmetry. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1983, 51:1983-1986.
112. Nair R.R., Blake P., Grigorenko A.N., Novoselov K.S., Booth T.J., Stauber T., Peres N.M.R., Geim A.K. Fine structure constant defines visual transparency of graphene. Science 2008, 320:1308.
113. Grinberg A.A., Luryi S. Theory of the photon-drag effect in a two-dimensional electron gas. Phys. Rev. B 1988, 38:87.
114. Drexler C., Tarasenko S.A., Olbrich P., Karch J., Hirmer M., Muller F., Gmitra M., Fabian J., Yakimova R., Lara-Avila S., Kubatkin S., Wang M., Vajtai R., Ajayan P.M., Kono J., Ganichev S.D. Magnetic quantum ratchet effect in graphene. Nature Nanotechnol. 2013, 8:104.
115. Lara-Avila S., Moth-Poulsen K., Yakimova R., Bjornholm T., Fal'ko V., Tzalenchuk A., Kubatkin S. Non-volatile photochemical gating of an epitaxial graphene. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23:878.
116. Tzalenchuk A., Lara-Avila S., Kalaboukhov A., Paolillo S., Syvajarvi M., Yakimova R., Kazakova O., Janssen T.J.B.M., Fal'ko V., Kubatkin S. Towards a quantum resistance standard based on epitaxial graphene. Nature Nanotechnol. 2010, 5:186.
117. Emtsev K.V., Bostwick A., Horn K., Jobst J., Kellogg G.L., Ley L., McChesney J.L., Ohta T., Reshanov S.A., Rohrl J., Rotenberg E., Schmid A.K., Waldmann D., Weber H.B., Seyller T. Towards wafer-size graphene layers by atmospheric pressure graphitization of silicon carbide. Nature Mater. 2009, 8:203.
118. Ganichev S.D., Diener J., Yassievich I.N., Prettl W., Meyer B.K., Benz K.W. Tunnelling ionization of autolocalized DX-centers in terahertz fields. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1995, 75:1590.
119. Ganichev S.D., Yassievich I.N., Prettl W. Tunneling ionization of deep centers in terahertz electric fields, topical review. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2002, 14:R1263.
120. Ganichev S.D., Tarasenko S.A., Bel'kov V.V., Olbrich P., Eder W., Yakovlev D.R., Kolkovsky V., Zaleszczyk W., Karczewski G., Wojtowicz T., Weiss D. Spin currents in diluted magnetic semiconductors. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 102:156602.
121. Kvon Z.D., Danilov S.N., Mikhailov N.N., Dvoretsky S.A., Ganichev S.D. Cyclotron resonance photoconductivity of a two-dimensional electron gas in HgTe quantum wells. Physica E 2008, 40:1885.
122. Bel'kov V.V., Ganichev S.D. Magneto-gyrotropic effects in semiconductor quantum wells, review. Semicond. Sci. Technol. 2008, 23:114003.
123. Ziemann E., Ganichev S.D., Yassievich I.N., Perel V.I., Prettl W. Characterization of deep impurities in semiconductors by terahertz tunneling ionization. J. Appl. Phys. 2000, 87:3843.
124. Song J.C.W., Rudner M.S., Marcus C.M., Levitov L.S. Hot carrier transport and photocurrent response in graphene. Nano Lett. 2011, 11:4688.
125. Varlamov A.A., Kavokin A.V., Luk'yanchuk I.A., Sharapov S.G. Anomalous thermoelectric and thermomagnetic properties of graphene. Phys. Usp. 2012, 55:1146.
126. Koniakhin S.V., Eidelman E.D. Phonon drag thermopower in graphene in equipartition regime. EPL 2013, 103:37006.
127. Tarasenko S. Orbital mechanism of the circular photogalvanic effect in quantum wells. JETP Lett. 2007, 85:182.
128. Olbrich P., Tarasenko S.A., Reitmaier C., Karch J., Plohmann D., Kvon Z.D., Ganichev S.D. Observation of the orbital circular photogalvanic effect. Phys. Rev. B 2009, 79:121302.
129. Tarasenko S.A. Direct current driven by ac electric field in quantum wells. Phys. Rev. B 2011, 83:035313.
130. Gurevich V.L., Laiho R. Photomagnetism of metals: microscopic theory of the photoinduced surface current. Phys. Rev. B 1993, 48:8307.
131. Gurevich V., Laiho R. Photomagnetism of metals. First observation of dependence on polarization of light. Phys. Solid State 2000, 42:1807.
132. Magarill L., Entin M. Surface photogalvanic effect in metals. JETP 1981, 54:531.
133. Al'perovich V.L., Belinicher V.I., Novikov V.N., Terekhov A.S. Surface photovoltaic effect in gallium arsenide. JETP Lett. 1980, 31:546.
134. Bolotin K., Sikes K., Jiang Z., Klima M., Fudenberg G., Hone J., Kim P., Stormer H. Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene. Solid State Commun. 2008, 146:351.
135. Casiraghi C., Hartschuh A., Qian H., Piscanec S., Georgi C., Fasoli A., Novoselov K.S., Basko D.M., Ferrari A.C. Raman spectroscopy of graphene edges. Nano Lett. 2009, 9:1433.
136. Heydrich S., Hirmer M., Preis C., Korn T., Eroms J., Weiss D., Schueller C. Scanning Raman spectroscopy of graphene antidot lattices: evidence for systematic p-type doping. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010, 97:043113.
137. Lee E.J.H., Balasubramanian K., Weitz R.T., Burghard M., Kern K. Contact and edge effects in graphene devices. Nature Nanotechnol. 2008, 3:486.
138. Ostler M., Speck F., Gick M., Seyller T. Automated preparation of high-quality epitaxial graphene on 6H-SiC(0001). Phys. Status Solidi b 2010, 247:2924.
139. Bao W.S., Liu S.Y., Lei X.L. Hot-electron transport in graphene driven by intense terahertz fields. Phys. Lett. A 2010, 374:1266.
140. Vasko F.T., Ryzhii V. Photoconductivity of intrinsic graphene. Phys. Rev. B 2008, 77:195433.
141. Trushin M., Schliemann J. Anisotropic photoconductivity in graphene. EPL 2011, 96:37006.
142. Vildanov N.M. Optical conductivity and electron-hole pair creation in graphene. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2009, 21:445802.
143. Sun D., Aivazian G., Jones A.M., Ross J.S., Yao W., Cobden D., Xu X. Ultrafast hot-carrier-dominated photocurrent in graphene. Nature Nanotechnol. 2012, 7:114.
144. Oka T., Aoki H. Photovoltaic Hall effect in graphene. Phys. Rev. B 2009, 79:081406.
145. Kibis O.V. Metal-insulator transition in graphene induced by circularly polarized photons. Phys. Rev. B 2010, 81:165433.
146. Gu Z., Fertig H.A., Arovas D.P., Auerbach A. Floquet spectrum and transport through an irradiated graphene ribbon. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2011, 107:216601.
147. Kitagawa T., Oka T., Brataas A., Fu L., Demler E. Transport properties of nonequilibrium systems under the application of light: photoinduced quantum Hall insulators without Landau levels. Phys. Rev. B 2011, 84:235108.
148. Calvo Hernan L., Pastawski Horacio M., Roche Stephan, Foa Torres Luis E.F. Tuning laser-induced band gaps in graphene. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2011, 98:232103.
149. Calvo Hernan L., Perez-Piskunow Pablo M., Roche Stephan, Foa Torres Luis E.F. Laser-induced effects on the electronic features of graphene nanoribbons. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2012, 101:253506.
150. Morell Eric Suarez, Foa Torres Luis E.F. Radiation effects on the electronic properties of bilayer graphene. Phys. Rev. B 2012, 86:125449.
151. F.T. Vasko, Carrier heating and high-order harmonics generation in doped graphene by a strong ac electric field, 2010. ArXiv e-prints: arxiv:1011.4841.
152. Shmelev G.M., Shon N.H., Tsurkan G.I. Photostimulated even acousto-electric effect. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Fiz. 1985, 28:84.
153. Entin M.V. Theory of coherent photogalvanic effect. Sov. Phys. Semicond. 1989, 23:664.
154. Spin Physics in Semiconductors 2008, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg. M.I. Dyakonov (Ed.).
155. Mikhailov S.A., Ziegler K. Nonlinear electromagnetic response of graphene: frequency multiplication and the self-consistent-field effects. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2008, 20:384204.
156. Bass F., Tetervov A. High-frequency phenomena in semiconductor superlattices. Phys. Rep. 1986, 140:237.
157. Wu S., Mao L., Jones A.M., Yao W., Zhang C., Xu X. Quantum-enhanced tunable second-order optical nonlinearity in bilayer graphene. Nano Lett. 2012, 12:2032.
158. Alekseev K.N., Erementchouk M.V., Kusmartsev F.V. Direct-current generation due to wave mixing in semiconductors. EPL 1999, 47:595.
159. O'Hare A., Kusmartsev F.V., Kugel K.I. A stable flat form of two-dimensional crystals: could graphene, silicene, germanene be minigap semiconductorsα. Nano Lett. 2012, 12:1045.
160. Rioux J., Burkard G., Sipe J.E. Current injection by coherent one- and two-photon excitation in graphene and its bilayer. Phys. Rev. B 2011, 83:195406.
161. Wright A.R., Xu X.G., Cao J.C., Zhang C. Strong nonlinear optical response of graphene in the terahertz regime. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 95:072101.
162. Shareef S., Ang Y.S., Zhang C. Room-temperature strong terahertz photon mixing in graphene. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 2012, 29:274.
163. Yao X., Belyanin A. Giant optical nonlinearity of graphene in a strong magnetic field. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2012, 108:255503.
164. Camblor R., Hoeye S.V., Hotopan G., Vázquez C., Fernández M., Heras F.L., Álvarez P., Menéndez R. Microwave frequency tripler based on a microstrip gap with graphene. J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. 2011, 25:1921.
165. Orlita M., Faugeras C., Plochocka P., Neugebauer P., Martinez G., Maude D.K., Barra A.-L., Sprinkle M., Berger C., de Heer W.A., Potemski M. Approaching the Dirac point in high-mobility multilayer epitaxial graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 101:267601.
166. Faugeras C., Nerriere A., Potemski M., Mahmood A., Dujardin E., Berger C., de Heer W.A. Few-layer graphene on SiC, pyrolitic graphite, and graphene: a Raman scattering study. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 92:011914.
167. Hass J., Varchon F., Millan-Otoya J.E., Sprinkle M., Sharma N., de Heer W.A., Berger C., First P.N., Magaud L., Conrad E.H. Why multilayer graphene on 4H-SiC(000 1̄) behaves like a single sheet of graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 100:125504.
168. Miller D.L., Kubista K.D., Rutter G.M., Ruan M., de Heer W.A., First P.N., Stroscio J.A. Observing the quantization of zero mass carriers in graphene. Science 2009, 324:924.
169. Sadowski M.L., Martinez G., Potemski M., Berger C., De Heer W.A. Landau level spectroscopy of ultrathin graphite layers. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 97:266405.
170. Wu X., Li X., Song Z., Berger C., De Heer W.A Weak antilocalization in epitaxial graphene: evidence for chiral electrons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 98:136801.
171. Luk'yanchuk I.A., Kopelevich Y. Phase analysis of quantum oscillations in graphite. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 93:166402.
172. Smith P.R., Auston D.H., Nuss M.C. Subpicosecond photoconductive dipole antennas. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 1988, QE-24:255.
173. Zhang X.-C., Hu B.B., Darrow J.T., Auston D.H. Generation of femtosecond electromagnetic pulses from semiconductor surfaces. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1990, 56:1011.
174. Sakai Kiyomi Terahertz Optoelectronics (Topics in Applied Physics) 2005, Springer.
175. Lee Yun-Shik Principles of Terahertz Science and Technology 2009, Springer.
176. Boyd R.W., Fischer G.L. Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology 2001, Elsevier, 2011. K.H. Jürgen Buschow, R.W. Cahn, M.C. Flemings, B. Ilschner, E.J. Kramer, S. Mahajan, P. Veyssière (Eds.).
177. Hsieh D., McIver J.W., Torchinsky D.H., Gardner D.R., Lee Y.S., Gedik N. Nonlinear optical probe of tunable surface electrons on a topological insulator. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2011, 106:057401.
178. J.C.W. Song, L.S. Levitov, System-wide photocurrent response in gapless materials, 2011. ArXiv e-prints: arxiv:1112.5654.
179. Hosur P. Circular photogalvanic effect on topological insulator surfaces: Berry-curvature-dependent response. Phys. Rev. B 2011, 83:035309.
180. Dóra Balázs, Cayssol JérÔme, Simon Ferenc, Moessner Roderich Optically engineering the topological properties of a spin Hall insulator. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2012, 108:056602.