메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 67, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 146-156

The OSIRIS Weight of Evidence approach: ITS for skin sensitisation

Author keywords

Bayesian inference; Integrated Testing Strategy; ITS; REACH; Weight of Evidence; WoE

Indexed keywords

ANALYTIC METHOD; ARTICLE; BAYES THEOREM; CARCINOGENICITY; COMPUTER PROGRAM; HUMAN; LAW; MUTAGENICITY; OSIRIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATION; RELIABILITY; REPRODUCIBILITY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SKIN SENSITIZATION; TOXICOLOGY;

EID: 84886582869     PISSN: 02732300     EISSN: 10960295     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2013.06.003     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (28)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 0030828536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allergic contact sensitizing chemicals as environmental carcinogens
    • Albert R.E. Allergic contact sensitizing chemicals as environmental carcinogens. Environ. Health Perspect. 1997, 105:940-948.
    • (1997) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.105 , pp. 940-948
    • Albert, R.E.1
  • 2
    • 84877269034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple test in silico Weight-of-Evidence for toxicological endpoints
    • RSC Publishing, M.D. Cronin, J.C. Madden (Eds.)
    • Aldenberg T., Jaworska J. Multiple test in silico Weight-of-Evidence for toxicological endpoints. In Silico Toxicology. Principles and Applications 2010, 558-583. RSC Publishing. M.D. Cronin, J.C. Madden (Eds.).
    • (2010) In Silico Toxicology. Principles and Applications , pp. 558-583
    • Aldenberg, T.1    Jaworska, J.2
  • 3
    • 69449107802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A plasmacytoid dendritic cell (CD123+/CD11c-) based assay system to predict contact allergenicity of chemicals
    • Ayehunie S., Snell M., Child M., Klausner M. A plasmacytoid dendritic cell (CD123+/CD11c-) based assay system to predict contact allergenicity of chemicals. Toxicology 2009, 264:1-9.
    • (2009) Toxicology , vol.264 , pp. 1-9
    • Ayehunie, S.1    Snell, M.2    Child, M.3    Klausner, M.4
  • 4
    • 84886596989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelrys,
    • Accelrys, 2011. http://accelrys.com/products/datasheets/topkat.pdf.
    • (2011)
  • 7
    • 84855834849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural alerts for the excess toxicity of acrylates, methacrylates and propiolates derived from their short-term and long-term bacterial toxicity
    • Blaschke U., Eismann K., Böhme A., Paschke A., Schüürmann G. Structural alerts for the excess toxicity of acrylates, methacrylates and propiolates derived from their short-term and long-term bacterial toxicity. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2012, 25:170-180.
    • (2012) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.25 , pp. 170-180
    • Blaschke, U.1    Eismann, K.2    Böhme, A.3    Paschke, A.4    Schüürmann, G.5
  • 8
    • 66049102623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetic glutathione chemoassay to quantify thiol reactivity of organic electrophiles - application to α,β-unsaturated ketones, acrylates, and propiolates
    • Böhme A., Thaens D., Paschke A., Schüürmann G. Kinetic glutathione chemoassay to quantify thiol reactivity of organic electrophiles - application to α,β-unsaturated ketones, acrylates, and propiolates. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2009, 22:742-750.
    • (2009) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.22 , pp. 742-750
    • Böhme, A.1    Thaens, D.2    Paschke, A.3    Schüürmann, G.4
  • 9
    • 78650489321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiol reactivity and its impact on the ciliate toxicity of α,β-un saturated aldehydes, ketones and esters
    • Böhme A., Thaens D., Schramm F., Paschke A., Schüürmann G. Thiol reactivity and its impact on the ciliate toxicity of α,β-un saturated aldehydes, ketones and esters. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2010, 23:1905-1912.
    • (2010) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.23 , pp. 1905-1912
    • Böhme, A.1    Thaens, D.2    Schramm, F.3    Paschke, A.4    Schüürmann, G.5
  • 12
    • 79952583383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bette Meek M.E., Mellor H., Vickers C., Doe J., Using mode of action information to improve regulatory decision-making: an ECETOC/ILSI RF/HESI workshop overview
    • Carmichael N., Bausen M., Boobis A.R., Cohen S.M., Embry M., Fruijtier-Pölloth C., Greim H., Lewis R. Bette Meek M.E., Mellor H., Vickers C., Doe J., Using mode of action information to improve regulatory decision-making: an ECETOC/ILSI RF/HESI workshop overview. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 2011, 41:175-186.
    • (2011) Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , vol.41 , pp. 175-186
    • Carmichael, N.1    Bausen, M.2    Boobis, A.R.3    Cohen, S.M.4    Embry, M.5    Fruijtier-Pölloth, C.6    Greim, H.7    Lewis, R.8
  • 14
    • 84886589226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ChemProp Chemical Properties Estimation Software System (ChemProp) 5.2.7, 2012. UFZ Department of Ecological Chemistry, Leipzig, Germany.
    • ChemProp 2012. Chemical Properties Estimation Software System (ChemProp) 5.2.7, 2012. UFZ Department of Ecological Chemistry, Leipzig, Germany. http://www.ufz.de/index.php?en=6738.
    • (2012)
  • 15
    • 0028191789 scopus 로고
    • Multivariate QSAR analysis of a skin sensitisation database
    • Cronin M.T., Basketter D.A. Multivariate QSAR analysis of a skin sensitisation database. SAR QSAR Environ. Res. 1994, 2:159-179.
    • (1994) SAR QSAR Environ. Res. , vol.2 , pp. 159-179
    • Cronin, M.T.1    Basketter, D.A.2
  • 16
    • 84886583371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Danish EPA QSAR database
    • Danish EPA QSAR database, 2012. http://130.226.165.14/index.html.
    • (2012)
  • 17
    • 78650444471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patch Testing
    • Acdegroot publishing, Wapserveen, The Netherlands, 456 pp.,
    • De Groot A.C. Patch Testing. Test Concentrations and Vehicles for 4350 Chemicals 2008, Acdegroot publishing, Wapserveen, The Netherlands, 456 pp., http://www.patchtesting.info. 3rd ed.
    • (2008) Test Concentrations and Vehicles for 4350 Chemicals
    • De Groot, A.C.1
  • 20
    • 84886588686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, Regulation No 1907/2006 of the European parliament and the council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/EC and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 as well as Council Directive 76/769/EEC and Commission Directives 91/155/EEC, 93/67/EEC, 93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC. Available at
    • EC, 2006. Regulation No 1907/2006 of the European parliament and the council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/EC and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 as well as Council Directive 76/769/EEC and Commission Directives 91/155/EEC, 93/67/EEC, 93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC. Available at http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:396:0001:0849:EN:PDF.
    • (2006)
  • 21
    • 77952638113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using in silico tools in a Weight of Evidence approach to aid toxicological assessment
    • Ellison C.M., Madden J.C., Judson P., Cronin M.T. Using in silico tools in a Weight of Evidence approach to aid toxicological assessment. Mol. Inform. 2010, 29:97-110.
    • (2010) Mol. Inform. , vol.29 , pp. 97-110
    • Ellison, C.M.1    Madden, J.C.2    Judson, P.3    Cronin, M.T.4
  • 22
    • 77952950728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of a novel keratinocyte-based reporter cell line to screen skin sensitizers in vitro
    • Emter R., Ellis G., Natsch A. Performance of a novel keratinocyte-based reporter cell line to screen skin sensitizers in vitro. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2010, 245:281-290.
    • (2010) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.245 , pp. 281-290
    • Emter, R.1    Ellis, G.2    Natsch, A.3
  • 23
    • 53849113018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of mechanisms of toxic action for skin sensitisation using a SMARTS pattern based approach
    • Enoch S.J., Madden J.C., Cronin M.T.D. Identification of mechanisms of toxic action for skin sensitisation using a SMARTS pattern based approach. SAR QSAR Environ. Res. 2008, 19:555-578.
    • (2008) SAR QSAR Environ. Res. , vol.19 , pp. 555-578
    • Enoch, S.J.1    Madden, J.C.2    Cronin, M.T.D.3
  • 24
    • 77953482247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness analysis of chemical testing for decision-support: how to include animal welfare?
    • Gabbert S., Van Ierland E.C. Cost-effectiveness analysis of chemical testing for decision-support: how to include animal welfare?. Hum. Ecol. Risk. Assess. 2010, 16:603-620.
    • (2010) Hum. Ecol. Risk. Assess. , vol.16 , pp. 603-620
    • Gabbert, S.1    Van Ierland, E.C.2
  • 25
    • 77954130868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theory of chemicals regulation and testing
    • Gabbert S., Weikard H.-P. A theory of chemicals regulation and testing. Nat. Res. Forum 2010, 34:155-164.
    • (2010) Nat. Res. Forum , vol.34 , pp. 155-164
    • Gabbert, S.1    Weikard, H.-P.2
  • 27
    • 34447547764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of chemical peptide reactivity for screening contact allergens: a classification tree model approach
    • Gerberick G.F., Vassallo J.D., Foertsch L.M., Price B.B., Chaney J.G., Lepoittevin J.P. Quantification of chemical peptide reactivity for screening contact allergens: a classification tree model approach. Toxicol. Sci. 2007, 97:417-427.
    • (2007) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.97 , pp. 417-427
    • Gerberick, G.F.1    Vassallo, J.D.2    Foertsch, L.M.3    Price, B.B.4    Chaney, J.G.5    Lepoittevin, J.P.6
  • 29
    • 77953350264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards optimization of chemical testing under REACH: a Bayesian network approach to Integrated Testing Strategies
    • Jaworska J., Gabbert S., Aldenberg T. Towards optimization of chemical testing under REACH: a Bayesian network approach to Integrated Testing Strategies. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2010, 57:157-167.
    • (2010) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.57 , pp. 157-167
    • Jaworska, J.1    Gabbert, S.2    Aldenberg, T.3
  • 30
    • 80053511161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating non-animal test information into an adaptive testing strategy - skin sensitisation proof of concept case
    • Jaworska J., Harol A., Kern P.S., Gerberick G.F. Integrating non-animal test information into an adaptive testing strategy - skin sensitisation proof of concept case. ALTEX 2011, 28:211-225.
    • (2011) ALTEX , vol.28 , pp. 211-225
    • Jaworska, J.1    Harol, A.2    Kern, P.S.3    Gerberick, G.F.4
  • 31
    • 38949130710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allergic contact dermatitis - formation, structural requirements, and reactivity of skin sensitizers
    • Karlberg A.-T., Berström M.A., Börje A., Luthman K., Nilsson J.L.G. Allergic contact dermatitis - formation, structural requirements, and reactivity of skin sensitizers. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2008, 21:53-69.
    • (2008) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.21 , pp. 53-69
    • Karlberg, A.-T.1    Berström, M.A.2    Börje, A.3    Luthman, K.4    Nilsson, J.L.G.5
  • 32
    • 0031080387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic approach for evaluating the quality of experimental toxicological and ecotoxicological data
    • Klimisch H.-J., Andreae M., Tillmann U. A systematic approach for evaluating the quality of experimental toxicological and ecotoxicological data. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 1997, 25:1-5.
    • (1997) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.25 , pp. 1-5
    • Klimisch, H.-J.1    Andreae, M.2    Tillmann, U.3
  • 33
    • 73349083976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical domain of QSAR models from atom-centered fragments
    • Kühne R., Ebert R.-U., Schüürmann G. Chemical domain of QSAR models from atom-centered fragments. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2009, 49:2660-2669.
    • (2009) J. Chem. Inf. Model. , vol.49 , pp. 2660-2669
    • Kühne, R.1    Ebert, R.-U.2    Schüürmann, G.3
  • 34
    • 84886596564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lhasa
    • Lhasa, 2013. https://www.lhasalimited.org/derek_nexus/.
    • (2013)
  • 36
    • 84855823066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting Michael-acceptor reactivity and toxicity through quantum chemical transition-state calculations
    • Mulliner D., Wondrousch D., Schüürmann G. Predicting Michael-acceptor reactivity and toxicity through quantum chemical transition-state calculations. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2011, 9:8400-8412.
    • (2011) Org. Biomol. Chem. , vol.9 , pp. 8400-8412
    • Mulliner, D.1    Wondrousch, D.2    Schüürmann, G.3
  • 37
    • 56649085336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LC-MS - based characterization of the peptide reactivity of chemicals to improve the in vitro prediction of the skin sensitisation potential
    • Natsch A., Gfeller H. LC-MS - based characterization of the peptide reactivity of chemicals to improve the in vitro prediction of the skin sensitisation potential. Toxicol. Sci. 2008, 106:464-478.
    • (2008) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.106 , pp. 464-478
    • Natsch, A.1    Gfeller, H.2
  • 38
    • 58049202229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Filling the concept with data: integrating data from different in vitro and in silico assays on skin sensitizers to explore the battery approach for animal-free skin sensitisation testing
    • Natsch A., Emter R., Ellis G. Filling the concept with data: integrating data from different in vitro and in silico assays on skin sensitizers to explore the battery approach for animal-free skin sensitisation testing. Toxicol. Sci. 2009, 107:106-121.
    • (2009) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.107 , pp. 106-121
    • Natsch, A.1    Emter, R.2    Ellis, G.3
  • 41
    • 84886598021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NICEATM-ICCVAM, The Murine Local Lymph Node Assay: A Test Method for Assessing the Allergic Contact Dermatitis Potential of Chemicals/Compounds. The Results of an Independent Peer Review Evaluation Coordinated by the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) and the National Toxicology Program Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM), NIH Publication No. 99-4494. Available from
    • NICEATM-ICCVAM, 1999. The Murine Local Lymph Node Assay: A Test Method for Assessing the Allergic Contact Dermatitis Potential of Chemicals/Compounds. The Results of an Independent Peer Review Evaluation Coordinated by the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) and the National Toxicology Program Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM), NIH Publication No. 99-4494. Available from http://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/docs/immunotox_docs/llna/llnarep.pdf.
    • (1999)
  • 42
    • 84866053372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of skin sensitisation potency of chemicals by human cell line activation test (h-CLAT) and an attempt at classifying skin sensitisation potency
    • Nukada Y., Ashikaga T., Miyazawa M., Hirota M., Sakaguchi H., Sasa H., Nishiyama N. Prediction of skin sensitisation potency of chemicals by human cell line activation test (h-CLAT) and an attempt at classifying skin sensitisation potency. Toxicol. in Vitro 2012, 26:1150-1160.
    • (2012) Toxicol. in Vitro , vol.26 , pp. 1150-1160
    • Nukada, Y.1    Ashikaga, T.2    Miyazawa, M.3    Hirota, M.4    Sakaguchi, H.5    Sasa, H.6    Nishiyama, N.7
  • 43
    • 84875245378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data integration of non-animal tests for the development of a test battery to predict the skin sensitizing potential an potency of chemicals
    • Nukada Y., Miyazawa M., Kazutoshi S., Sakaguchi H., Nishiyama N. Data integration of non-animal tests for the development of a test battery to predict the skin sensitizing potential an potency of chemicals. Toxicol. in Vitro 2013, 27:609-618.
    • (2013) Toxicol. in Vitro , vol.27 , pp. 609-618
    • Nukada, Y.1    Miyazawa, M.2    Kazutoshi, S.3    Sakaguchi, H.4    Nishiyama, N.5
  • 44
    • 84920983345 scopus 로고
    • OECD, Test Guideline No. 406: Skin Sensitization, adopted 17 July 1992. Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France. DOI: 10.1787/9789264070660-en.
    • OECD, 1992. Test Guideline No. 406: Skin Sensitization, adopted 17 July 1992. Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France. DOI: 10.1787/9789264070660-en.
    • (1992)
  • 45
    • 12344314779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OECD, Test Guideline No. 429: Skin Sensitization: Local Lymph Node Assay, adopted 23 July 2010. Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France. DOI: 10.1787/9789264071100-en.
    • OECD, 2010. Test Guideline No. 429: Skin Sensitization: Local Lymph Node Assay, adopted 23 July 2010. Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France. DOI: 10.1787/9789264071100-en.
    • (2010)
  • 46
    • 84886583474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OECD, OECD Existing Chemicals Database.
    • OECD, 2012. OECD Existing Chemicals Database. http://webnet.oecd.org/hpv/ui/Default.aspx.
    • (2012)
  • 47
    • 84886586247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OSIRIS, Optimized Strategies for Risk Assessment of Industrial Chemicals through Integration of Non-Test and Test Information. EU Project, contract no. GOCE-CT-2007-037017, 2007-2011. OSIRIS project website: OSIRIS webtool implementing a.o. the different ITS approaches developed within the project OSIRIS:
    • OSIRIS, 2011. Optimized Strategies for Risk Assessment of Industrial Chemicals through Integration of Non-Test and Test Information. EU Project, contract no. GOCE-CT-2007-037017, 2007-2011. OSIRIS project website: http://www.osiris-reach.eu/. OSIRIS webtool implementing a.o. the different ITS approaches developed within the project OSIRIS: http://osiris.simpple.com/OSIRIS-ITS/welcome.do.
    • (2011)
  • 49
    • 0026606514 scopus 로고
    • Predicting skin permeability
    • Potts R.O., Guy R.H. Predicting skin permeability. Pharm. Res. 1992, 9:663-669.
    • (1992) Pharm. Res. , vol.9 , pp. 663-669
    • Potts, R.O.1    Guy, R.H.2
  • 50
    • 33947719856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the U937 cell line for the detection of contact allergens
    • Python F., Goebel C., Aeby P. Assessment of the U937 cell line for the detection of contact allergens. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2007, 220:113-124.
    • (2007) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.220 , pp. 113-124
    • Python, F.1    Goebel, C.2    Aeby, P.3
  • 51
    • 84886587564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • REACH, Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment R.7a Endpoint specific guidance. Version 2.0, November 2012. Chapter R.7.3 Skin and Respiratory Sensitisation, pp.219-248. Available from:
    • REACH, 2012. Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment R.7a Endpoint specific guidance. Version 2.0, November 2012. Chapter R.7.3 Skin and Respiratory Sensitisation, pp.219-248. Available from: http://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r7a_en.pdf.
    • (2012)
  • 52
    • 84886599153 scopus 로고
    • The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. Methuen, London. Reprinted by UFAW, 1992: 8 Hamilton Close, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts EN6 3QD England. ISBN 0 900767 78 2. An online version of this reprint is available through:
    • Russell, W.M.S., and Burch, R.L., 1959. The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. Methuen, London. Reprinted by UFAW, 1992: 8 Hamilton Close, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts EN6 3QD England. ISBN 0 900767 78 2. An online version of this reprint is available through: http://altweb.jhsph.edu/pubs/books/humane_exp/het-toc.
    • (1959)
    • Russell, W.M.S.1    Burch, R.L.2
  • 53
    • 63649113845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between CD86/CD54 expression and THP-1 cell viability in an in vitro skin sensitisation test - human cell line activation test (h-CLAT)
    • Sakaguchi H., Ashikaga T., Miyazawa M., Kosaka N., Ito Y., Yoneyama K., Sono S., Itagaki H., Toyoda H., Suzuki H. The relationship between CD86/CD54 expression and THP-1 cell viability in an in vitro skin sensitisation test - human cell line activation test (h-CLAT). Cell Biol. Toxicol. 2009, 25:109-126.
    • (2009) Cell Biol. Toxicol. , vol.25 , pp. 109-126
    • Sakaguchi, H.1    Ashikaga, T.2    Miyazawa, M.3    Kosaka, N.4    Ito, Y.5    Yoneyama, K.6    Sono, S.7    Itagaki, H.8    Toyoda, H.9    Suzuki, H.10
  • 54
    • 84865044263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of the skin sensitising properties of 5 osmolytic prodrugs in a weight-of-evidence assessment, employing in silico, in vivo, and read across analyses
    • Scheel J., Keller D. Investigation of the skin sensitising properties of 5 osmolytic prodrugs in a weight-of-evidence assessment, employing in silico, in vivo, and read across analyses. Int. J. Toxicol. 2012, 31:358-363.
    • (2012) Int. J. Toxicol. , vol.31 , pp. 358-363
    • Scheel, J.1    Keller, D.2
  • 56
    • 84867506525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemoassay screening of DNA-reactive mutagenicity with 4-(4-nitroben zyl)pyridine - application to epoxides, oxetanes and sulfur heterocycles
    • Thaens D., Heinzelmann D., Böhme A., Paschke A., Schüürmann G. Chemoassay screening of DNA-reactive mutagenicity with 4-(4-nitroben zyl)pyridine - application to epoxides, oxetanes and sulfur heterocycles. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2012, 25:2092-2102.
    • (2012) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.25 , pp. 2092-2102
    • Thaens, D.1    Heinzelmann, D.2    Böhme, A.3    Paschke, A.4    Schüürmann, G.5
  • 58
    • 77951463627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-animal sensitization testing: state-of-the-art
    • Vandebriel R.J., van Loveren H. Non-animal sensitization testing: state-of-the-art. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 2010, 40:389-404.
    • (2010) Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , vol.40 , pp. 389-404
    • Vandebriel, R.J.1    van Loveren, H.2
  • 61
    • 77952700588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local electrophilicity predicts the toxicity-relevant reactivity of michael acceptors
    • Wondrousch D., Böhme A., Thaens D., Ost N., Schüürmann G. Local electrophilicity predicts the toxicity-relevant reactivity of michael acceptors. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2010, 1:1605-1610.
    • (2010) J. Phys. Chem. Lett. , vol.1 , pp. 1605-1610
    • Wondrousch, D.1    Böhme, A.2    Thaens, D.3    Ost, N.4    Schüürmann, G.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.